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794 results on '"Lamarque, J. F."'

101. Geoscientific Model Development A standard test case suite for two-dimensional linear transport on the sphere: results from a collection of state-of-the-art schemes

Author

Lauritzen, P. H., Ullrich, P. A., Jablonowski, C., Bosler, P. A., Calhoun, D., Conley, A. J., Enomoto, T., Dong, L., Dubey, S., Guba, O., Hansen, A. B., Kaas, E., Kent, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Prather, M. J., Reinert, D., Shashkin, V. V., Skamarock, W. C., Sørensen, B., Taylor, M. A., Tolstykh, M. A., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States, affiliation inconnue, University of Colorado [Boulder], Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institute of Numerical Mathematics, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Hydrometcentre of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, University of Calgary, University of California, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California-University of California

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Recently, a standard test case suite for 2-D lin-ear transport on the sphere was proposed to assess im-portant aspects of accuracy in geophysical fluid dynam-ics with a "minimal" set of idealized model configura-tions/runs/diagnostics. Here we present results from 19 state-of-the-art transport scheme formulations based on finite-difference/finite-volume methods as well as emerging (in the context of atmospheric/oceanographic sciences) Galerkin methods. Discretization grids range from traditional regular latitude–longitude grids to more isotropic domain discretiza-tions such as icosahedral and cubed-sphere tessellations of the sphere. The schemes are evaluated using a wide range of diagnostics in idealized flow environments. Accuracy is assessed in single-and two-tracer configurations using con-ventional error norms as well as novel diagnostics designed for climate and climate–chemistry applications. In addition, algorithmic considerations that may be important for com-putational efficiency are reported on. The latter is inevitably computing platform dependent. The ensemble of results from a wide variety of schemes presented here helps shed light on the ability of the test case suite diagnostics and flow settings to discriminate between algorithms and provide insights into accuracy in the context of global atmospheric/ocean modeling. A library of bench-mark results is provided to facilitate scheme intercomparison and model development. Simple software and data sets are made available to facilitate the process of model evaluation and scheme intercomparison.

Published
2014
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103. Fast and slow precipitation responses to individual climate forcers: A PDRMIP multimodel study

Author

Samset, B. H., primary, Myhre, G., additional, Forster, P. M., additional, Hodnebrog, Ø., additional, Andrews, T., additional, Faluvegi, G., additional, Fläschner, D., additional, Kasoar, M., additional, Kharin, V., additional, Kirkevåg, A., additional, Lamarque, J.‐F., additional, Olivié, D., additional, Richardson, T., additional, Shindell, D., additional, Shine, K. P., additional, Takemura, T., additional, and Voulgarakis, A., additional

Published
2016
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105. Representation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem within the Chemistry-ClimateModel Initiative (CCMI)

Author

Tilmes, S., primary, Lamarque, J.-F., additional, Emmons, L. K., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Marsh, D., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Smith, A. K., additional, Neely, R. R., additional, Conley, A., additional, Vitt, F., additional, Val Martin, M., additional, Tanimoto, H., additional, Simpson, I., additional, Blake, D. R., additional, and Blake, N., additional

Published
2016
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108. A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and enhanced ocean emissions of iodine

Author

Prados-Roman, C., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernández, Rafael P., Kinnison, D.E., Lamarque, J.-F., Saiz-Lopez, A., Prados-Roman, C., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernández, Rafael P., Kinnison, D.E., Lamarque, J.-F., and Saiz-Lopez, A.

Abstract

© 2015 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License. Naturally emitted from the oceans, iodine compounds efficiently destroy atmospheric ozone and reduce its positive radiative forcing effects in the troposphere. Emissions of inorganic iodine have been experimentally shown to depend on the deposition to the oceans of tropospheric ozone, whose concentrations have significantly increased since 1850 as a result of human activities. A chemistry-climate model is used herein to quantify the current ocean emissions of inorganic iodine and assess the impact that the anthropogenic increase in tropospheric ozone has had on the natural cycle of iodine in the marine environment since pre-industrial times. Our results indicate that the human-driven enhancement of tropospheric ozone has doubled the oceanic inorganic iodine emissions following the reaction of ozone with iodide at the sea surface. The consequent build-up of atmospheric iodine, with maximum enhancements of up to 70% with respect to pre-industrial times in continental pollution outflow regions, has in turn accelerated the ozone chemical loss over the oceans with strong spatial patterns. We suggest that this ocean-atmosphere interaction represents a negative geochemical feedback loop by which current ocean emissions of iodine act as a natural buffer for ozone pollution and its radiative forcing in the global marine environment.

Published
2015

109. How well do integrated assessment models represent non-CO2 radiative forcing?

Author

Harmsen, M.J.H.M., van Vuuren, D.P., van Den Berg, M., Hof, A.F., Hope, C., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Marcci, A., Shindell, D.T., Schaffer, M., Harmsen, M.J.H.M., van Vuuren, D.P., van Den Berg, M., Hof, A.F., Hope, C., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Marcci, A., Shindell, D.T., and Schaffer, M.

Abstract

This study aims to create insight in how Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) perform in describing the climate forcing by non-CO2 gases and aerosols. The simple climate models (SCMs) included in IAMs have been run with the same prescribed anthropogenic emission pathways and compared to analyses with complex earth system models (ESMs) in terms of concentration and radiative forcing levels. In our comparison, particular attention was given to the short-lived forcers' climate effects. In general, SCMs show forcing levels within the expert model ranges. However, the more simple SCMs seem to underestimate forcing differences between baseline and mitigation scenarios because of omission of ozone, black carbon and/or indirect methane forcing effects. Above all, results also show that among IAMs there is a signficant spread (0.74 W/m2 in 2100) in non-CO2 forcing projections for a 2.6 W/m2 mitigation scenario, mainly due to uncertainties in the indirect effects of aerosols. This has large implications for determining optimal mitigation strategies among IAMs with regard to required CO2 forcing targets and policy costs.

Published
2015

110. The hydrological impact of geoengineering in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

Author

Tilmes, S., Fasullo, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Marsh, D.R., Mills, M., Alterskjær, K., Muri, H., Kristjánsson, J.E., Boucher, Olivier, Schulz, M, Cole, J.N.S., Curry, C.L., Jones, A., Haywood, J., Irvine, P.J., Ji, D., Moore, J.C., Bou Karam, Diana, Kravitz, B., Rasch, P.J., Singh, B., Yoon, J.-H., Niemeier, U., Schmidt, H., Robock, A., Yang, S., Watanabe, S., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of Exeter, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology
Abstract

International audience; The hydrological impact of enhancing Earth's albedo by solar radiation management is investigated using simulations from 12 Earth System models contributing to the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). We contrast an idealized experiment, G1, where the global mean radiative forcing is kept at preindustrial conditions by reducing insolation while the CO 2 concentration is quadrupled to a 4×CO2 experiment. The reduction of evapotranspiration over land with instantaneously increasing CO2 concentrations in both experiments largely contributes to an initial reduction in evaporation. A warming surface associated with the transient adjustment in 4×CO2 generates an increase of global precipitation by around 6.9% with large zonal and regional changes in both directions, including a precipitation increase of 10% over Asia and a reduction of 7% for the North American summer monsoon. Reduced global evaporation persists in G1 with temperatures close to preindustrial conditions. Global precipitation is reduced by around 4.5%, and significant reductions occur over monsoonal land regions: East Asia (6%), South Africa (5%), North America (7%), and South America (6%). The general precipitation performance in models is discussed in comparison to observations. In contrast to the 4×CO2 experiment, where the frequency of months with heavy precipitation intensity is increased by over 50% in comparison to the control, a reduction of up to 20% is simulated in G1. These changes in precipitation in both total amount and frequency of extremes point to a considerable weakening of the hydrological cycle in a geoengineered world.

Published
2013
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111. Changes in surface emissions and in the chemical composition of the troposphere over the past decades

Author

Granier, Claire, Bouarar, Idir, Colette, A., D'Angiola, Ariela, Denier Van De Gon, H., Frost, G. J., Gauss, M., Heil, A., Hodnebrog, O., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lamarque, J.-F., Law, Kathy S., Liousse, C., Mieville, Aude, Monks, P., Schultz, M., Stein, O., Stordal, F., Von Schneidemesser, E., Walters, S., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Oslo (UiO), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Leicester], University of Leicester, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published
2011

113. The representative concentration pathways: an overview

Author

van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard, K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J. F., Masui, T., Meinshausen, M., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S. J., and Rose, S. K.

Subjects
ddc:550
Published
2011

114. The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations

Author

Jones, C. D., Hughes, J. K., Bellouin, N., Hardimann, S. C., Jones, G. S., Knight, J., Liddicoat, S., O'Connor, F. M., Andres, R. J., Bell, C., Boo, K.-O., Bozzo, A., Butchart, N., Cadule, P., Corbin, K. D., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Friedlingstein, P., Gornall, J., Gray, L., Halloran, P. R., Hurtt, G., Ingram, W. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Law, R. M., Meinshausen, M., Osprey, S., Palin, E. J., Parsons Chini, L., Raddatz, T., Sanderson, M. G., Sellar, A. A., Schurer, A., Valdes, P., Wood, N., Woodward, S., Yoshioka, M., and Zerroukat, M.

Subjects
ddc:550
Published
2011

115. Evolution of anthropogenic emissions at the global and regional scale during the past three decades

Author

Granier, Claire, Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, Ariela, Denier Van Der Gon, H., Frost, G., Heil, A., Kaiser, J., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, Aude, Ohara, T., Riahi, K., Schultz, M., Smith, S., Thomson, A. M., Van Aardenne, J., NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Osaka University [Osaka], Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Environment Agency (EEA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Troposphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Structure, Pollution: urban and regiona, Atmospheric Composition, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

The knowledge of the distributions of surface emissions of gases and aerosols is essential for an accurate modeling and analysis of the distribution and evolution of the concentration of gaseous and particulate chemical species. The quantification of surface fluxes by source of origin is furthermore central to the assessment of effects and the development of control measures. Over the past few years, different ranges of emission fluxes have been proposed by several studies, which have provided emissions at different spatial and temporal scales. We have compared the emissions of several chemical compounds, i.e. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon, as provided by global and regional emissions inventories in different regions of the world for the past thirty years. The presentation will focus on the United States, Europe and China. Significant differences between the datasets providing emissions in these regions have been identified, reaching for example 60% and 35% for anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in both regions, respectively. We will assess the current uncertainties on surface emissions and their recent trends. This analysis is often hindered because of differences in base years and in species considered in the different datasets. Current work aiming at compiling comparable metrics for such species for the analysis of regional and global emission datasets will be discussed.

Published
2010

120. Bimodal distribution of free tropospheric ozone over the tropical western Pacific revealed by airborne observations

Author

Pan, L. L., primary, Honomichl, S. B., additional, Randel, W. J., additional, Apel, E. C., additional, Atlas, E. L., additional, Beaton, S. P., additional, Bresch, J. F., additional, Hornbrook, R., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Lamarque, J.‐F., additional, Saiz‐Lopez, A., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, and Weinheimer, A. J., additional

Published
2015
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123. Injection of iodine to the stratosphere

Author

Saiz‐Lopez, A., primary, Baidar, S., additional, Cuevas, C. A., additional, Koenig, T. K., additional, Fernandez, R. P., additional, Dix, B., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Lamarque, J.‐F., additional, Rodriguez‐Lloveras, X., additional, Campos, T. L., additional, and Volkamer, R., additional

Published
2015
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124. Evaluation of anthropogenic and natural surface emissions of atmospheric chemical compounds

Author

Granier, Claire, Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, Ariela, Frost, G., Denier Van Der Gon, H., Guenther, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Mieville, Aude, Schultz, M., Van Aardenne, John, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European Environment Agency (EEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

125. The CIERA US Initiative on emissions

Author

Frost, G., Granier, Claire, Falke, S., Keating, T., Lamarque, J.-F., Melamed, M., Middleton, P., Mieville, Aude, Pétron, G., Smith, S., NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

126. Monitoring the changes in the tropospheric composition over the past two decades using Satellite observations and CTM

Author

Khokhar, Fahim, Granier, Claire, Law, Kathy S., D'Angiola, Ariela, Mieville, Aude, Clerbaux, Cathy, Lamarque, J.-F., Guenther, A., Richter, A., Walters, S., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

127. Evolution of the distribution of tropospheric chemical species during the past decade

Author

d'Angiola, Ariela, Granier, Claire, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Heil, A., Khokhar, Fahim, Guenther, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Meleux, F., Mieville, Aude, Rouil, Laurence, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract

Megacities, with a population exceeding ten million inhabitants, represent hot spots of emissions that need to be correctly quantified in order to evaluate their effects at the local, regional and global scale. Within the 7th Framework European project CityZen (Megacity - Zoom for the Environment), the impact of changes in emissions on the global distributions of chemical compounds is being assessed, with a focus on the impact of megacities in Europe, Northern Africa and China. The goal of the project is to comprehend the feedbacks between climate change and air quality from the largest world cities at the global and regional scales. In order to simulate the changes in the distribution of gaseous compounds as well as aerosols we have used the MOZART (Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers) global chemistry transport model. This model is driven by offline meteorological fields: for the present study we have used the meteorological fields provided by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The focus of the study is the 1996-2007 period, during which the changes in the distribution of the chemical compounds related to changes in emissions during that period will be discussed. The global emissions used in the present study are derived from the new dataset developed in support of the next IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR5 report under discussion. We will discuss the methodology we have used to update the IPCC anthropogenic emissions up to year 2007. The new emissions inventory for Europe developed within CityZen for the 1996-2007 period will be discussed and compared with the emissions provided by other inventories. Furthermore, we will discuss the biomass burning inventory used in this work, which provides monthly averaged emissions for the full period of the study. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are derived from the most recent version of the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) model. Simulations covering the considered period will be performed using different combinations of the emissions of the datasets being performed. We will discuss the results of the simulations, focusing more particularly on the simulations using either IPCC dataset or a combined IPCC / European emissions dataset, or different Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds emissions. We will discuss the changes in the distribution of tropospheric chemical species from the different simulations, considering both gaseous compounds and different types of aerosols.

Published
2010

128. Description and evaluation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2)

Author

Tilmes, S., primary, Lamarque, J.-F., additional, Emmons, L. K., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Ma, P.-L., additional, Liu, X., additional, Ghan, S., additional, Bardeen, C., additional, Arnold, S., additional, Deeter, M., additional, Vitt, F., additional, Ryerson, T., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, Moore, F., additional, Spackman, J. R., additional, and Val Martin, M., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
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133. Iodine oxide in the global marine boundary layer

Author

Prados-Roman, C., primary, Cuevas, C. A., additional, Hay, T., additional, Fernandez, R. P., additional, Mahajan, A. S., additional, Royer, S.-J., additional, Galí, M., additional, Simó, R., additional, Dachs, J., additional, Großmann, K., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Lamarque, J.-F., additional, and Saiz-Lopez, A., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
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136. Review of the formulation of present‐generation stratospheric chemistry‐climate models and associated external forcings

Author

Morgenstern, O., Giorgetta, M. A., Shibata, K., Eyring, V., Waugh, D. W., Shepherd, T. G., Akiyoshi, H., Austin, J., Baumgaertner, A. J. G., Bekki, S., Braesicke, P., Brühl, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Cugnet, D., Dameris, M., Dhomse, S., Frith, S. M., Garny, H., Gettelman, A., Hardiman, S. C., Hegglin, M. I., Jöckel, P., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J. -F., Mancini, E., Manzini, E., Marchand, M., Michou, M., Nakamura, T., Nielsen, J. E., Olivié, D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Rozanov, E., Scinocca, J. F., Smale, D., Teyssèdre, H., Toohey, M., Tian, W., and Yamashita, Y.

Abstract

The goal of the Chemistry‐Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) activity is to improve understanding of chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) through process‐oriented evaluation and to provide reliable projections of stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate. An appreciation of the details of model formulations is essential for understanding how models respond to the changing external forcings of greenhouse gases and ozonedepleting substances, and hence for understanding the ozone and climate forecasts produced by the models participating in this activity. Here we introduce and review the models used for the second round (CCMVal‐2) of this intercomparison, regarding the implementation of chemical, transport, radiative, and dynamical processes in these models. In particular, we review the advantages and problems associated with approaches used to model processes of relevance to stratospheric dynamics and chemistry. Furthermore, we state the definitions of the reference simulations performed, and describe the forcing data used in these simulations. We identify some developments in chemistry‐climate modeling that make models more physically based or more comprehensive, including the introduction of an interactive ocean, online photolysis, troposphere‐stratosphere chemistry, and non‐orographic gravity‐wave deposition as linked to tropospheric convection. The\ud relatively new developments indicate that stratospheric CCM modeling is becoming more consistent with our physically based understanding of the atmosphere.

Published
2010

137. Chemistry‐climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone

Author

Austin, John, Struthers, H., Scinocca, J., Plummer, D. A., Akiyoshi, H., Baumgaertner, A. J. G., Bekki, S., Bodeker, G. E., Braesicke, P., Brühl, C., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Cugnet, D., Dameris, M., Dhomse, S., Frith, S., Garny, H., Gettelman, A., Hardiman, S. C., Jöckel, P., Kinnison, D., Kubin, A., Lamarque, J. F., Langematz, U., Mancini, E., Marchland, M., Michou, M., Morgenstern, O., Nakamura, T., Nielsen, J. E., Pitari, G., Pyle, J., Rozanov, E., Shepherd, T. G., Shibata, K., Smale, D., Teyssèdre, H., and Yamashita, Y.

Abstract

Coupled chemistry‐climate model simulations covering the recent past and continuing throughout the 21st century have been completed with a range of different models. Common forcings are used for the halogen amounts and greenhouse gas concentrations, as expected under the Montreal Protocol (with amendments) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1b Scenario. The simulations of the Antarctic ozone hole are compared using commonly used diagnostics: the minimum ozone, the maximum area of ozone below 220 DU, and the ozone mass deficit below 220 DU. Despite the fact that the processes responsible for ozone depletion are reasonably well understood, a wide range of results is obtained. Comparisons with observations indicate that one of the reasons for the model underprediction in ozone hole area is the tendency for models to underpredict, by up to 35%, the area of low temperatures responsible for polar stratospheric cloud formation. Models also typically have species gradients that are too weak at the edge of the polar vortex, suggesting that there is too much mixing of air across the vortex edge. Other models show a high bias in total column ozone which restricts the size of the ozone hole (defined by a 220 DU threshold). The results of those models which agree best with observations are examined in more detail. For several models the ozone hole does not disappear this century but a small ozone hole of up to three million square kilometers continues to occur in most springs even after 2070.

Published
2010

138. Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models

Author

Eyring, V, Shepherd, T. G., Waugh, D. W., Morgenstern, O, Giorgetta, M. A., Shibata, K, Waugh, D, Akiyoshi, H, Austin, J, Baumgärtner, A, Bekki, S, Braesicke, P, Brühl, C, Chipperfield, M. P., Dameris, M, Frith, S, Garny, H, Gettelman, A, Hardiman, S. C., Hegglin, M, Jonsson, A, Kinnison, D, Lamarque, J. F., Mancini, E, Manzini, E, Michou, M, Nielsen, E, Pitari, Giovanni, Rozanov, E, Scinocca, J. F., Smale, D, Strahan, S, Toohey, M, and Tian, W.

Published
2010

139. Emission Inventories and Projections

Author

Streets, D., van Aardenne, J., Battye, B., Garivait, S., Grano, D., Guenther, A., Klimont, Z., Lamarque, J.-F., Lu, Z., Maenhout, G., Ohara, T., Parrish, D., Smith, S., Vallack, H., Dentener, F., Keating, T., and Akimoto, H.

Published
2010

140. A standard test case suite for two-dimensional linear transport on the sphere: results from a collection of state-of-the-art schemes

Author

Lauritzen, P. H, Lauritzen, P. H, Ullrich, P. A, Jablonowski, C., Bosler, P. A, Calhoun, D., Conley, A. J, Enomoto, T., Dong, L., Dubey, S., Guba, O., Hansen, A. B, Kaas, E., Kent, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Prather, M. J, Reinert, D., Shashkin, V. V, Skamarock, W. C, Sorensen, B., Taylor, M. A, Tolstykh, M. A, Lauritzen, P. H, Lauritzen, P. H, Ullrich, P. A, Jablonowski, C., Bosler, P. A, Calhoun, D., Conley, A. J, Enomoto, T., Dong, L., Dubey, S., Guba, O., Hansen, A. B, Kaas, E., Kent, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Prather, M. J, Reinert, D., Shashkin, V. V, Skamarock, W. C, Sorensen, B., Taylor, M. A, and Tolstykh, M. A

Abstract

Recently, a standard test case suite for 2-D linear transport on the sphere was proposed to assess important aspects of accuracy in geophysical fluid dynamics with a "minimal" set of idealized model configurations/runs/diagnostics. Here we present results from 19 state-of-the-art transport scheme formulations based on finite-difference/finite-volume methods as well as emerging (in the context of atmospheric/oceanographic sciences) Galerkin methods. Discretization grids range from traditional regular latitude–longitude grids to more isotropic domain discretizations such as icosahedral and cubed-sphere tessellations of the sphere. The schemes are evaluated using a wide range of diagnostics in idealized flow environments. Accuracy is assessed in single- and two-tracer configurations using conventional error norms as well as novel diagnostics designed for climate and climate–chemistry applications. In addition, algorithmic considerations that may be important for computational efficiency are reported on. The latter is inevitably computing platform dependent. The ensemble of results from a wide variety of schemes presented here helps shed light on the ability of the test case suite diagnostics and flow settings to discriminate between algorithms and provide insights into accuracy in the context of global atmospheric/ocean modeling. A library of benchmark results is provided to facilitate scheme intercomparison and model development. Simple software and data sets are made available to facilitate the process of model evaluation and scheme intercomparison.

Published
2014

141. Modeled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations

Author

Samset, B.H., Myhre, G., Herber, Andreas, Kondo, Y., Li, S.-M., Moteki, N., Koike, M., Oshima, N., Schwarz, J.P., Balkanski, Y., Bauers, S.E., Bellouin, N., Berntsen, T.K., Bian, H., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Easter, R.C., Ghan, S.J., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, Alf, Lamarque, J. F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Penners, J.E., Schulz, M., Seland, Øyvind, Skeie, R.B., Stier, P., Tamemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., Zhang, K., Samset, B.H., Myhre, G., Herber, Andreas, Kondo, Y., Li, S.-M., Moteki, N., Koike, M., Oshima, N., Schwarz, J.P., Balkanski, Y., Bauers, S.E., Bellouin, N., Berntsen, T.K., Bian, H., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Easter, R.C., Ghan, S.J., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, Alf, Lamarque, J. F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Penners, J.E., Schulz, M., Seland, Øyvind, Skeie, R.B., Stier, P., Tamemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., and Zhang, K.

Abstract

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and 5 the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol 10 models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparision. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over 15 the industrial era. The sensitivity of modeled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy.

Published
2014

142. A standard test case suite for two-dimensional linear transport on the sphere: results from a collection of state-of-the-art schemes

Author

Lauritzen, P. H., Ullrich, P. A., Jablonowski, C., Bosler, P. A., Calhoun, D., Conley, A. J., Enomoto, T., Dong, L., Dubey, S., Guba, O., Hansen, A. B., Kaas, E., Kent, J., Lamarque, J-F, Prather, M. J., Reinert, D., Shashkin, V. V., Skamarock, W. C., Sorensen, B., Taylor, M. A., Tolstykh, M. A., Lauritzen, P. H., Ullrich, P. A., Jablonowski, C., Bosler, P. A., Calhoun, D., Conley, A. J., Enomoto, T., Dong, L., Dubey, S., Guba, O., Hansen, A. B., Kaas, E., Kent, J., Lamarque, J-F, Prather, M. J., Reinert, D., Shashkin, V. V., Skamarock, W. C., Sorensen, B., Taylor, M. A., and Tolstykh, M. A.

Published
2014

143. Aerosol indirect effects - general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data

Author

Quaas, J, Ming, Y, Menon, S, Takemura, T, Wang, M, Penner, JE, Gettelman, A, Lohmann, U, Bellouin, N, Boucher, O, Sayer, AM, Thomas, GE, McComiskey, A, Feingold, G, Hoose, C, Kristjánsson, JE, Liu, X, Balkanski, Y, Donner, LJ, Ginoux, PA, Stier, P, Feichter, J, Sednev, I, Bauer, SE, Koch, D, Grainger, RG, Kirkevåg, A, Iversen, T, Seland, Ø, Easter, R, Ghan, SJ, Rasch, PJ, Morrison, H, Lamarque, J-F, Iacono, MJ, Kinne, S, and Schulz, M

Abstract

Aerosol indirect effects continue to constitute one of the most important uncertainties for anthropogenic climate perturbations. Within the international AEROCOM initiative, the representation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in ten different general circulation models (GCMs) is evaluated using three satellite datasets. The focus is on stratiform liquid water clouds since most GCMs do not include ice nucleation effects, and none of the models explicitly parameterizes aerosol effects on convective clouds. We compute statistical relationships between aerosol optical depth (τa) and various cloud and radiation quantities in a manner that is consistent between the models and the satellite data. It is found that the model-simulated influence of aerosols on cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) compares relatively well to the satellite data at least over the ocean. The relationship between τa and liquid water path is simulated much too strongly by the models. It is shown that this is partly related to the representation of the second aerosol indirect effect in terms of autoconversion. A positive relationship between total cloud fraction (fcld) and τa as found in the satellite data is simulated by the majority of the models, albeit less strongly than that in the satellite data in most of them. In a discussion of the hypotheses proposed in the literature to explain the satellite-derived strong fcld – τa relationship, our results indicate that none can be identified as unique explanation. Relationships similar to the ones found in satellite data between τa and cloud top temperature or outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) are simulated by only a few GCMs. The GCMs that simulate a negative OLR – τa relationship show a strong positive correlation between τa and fcld. The short-wave total aerosol radiative forcing as simulated by the GCMs is strongly influenced by the simulated anthropogenic fraction of τa, and parameterisation assumptions such as a lower bound on Nd. Nevertheless, the strengths of the statistical relationships are good predictors for the aerosol forcings in the models. An estimate of the total short-wave aerosol forcing inferred from the combination of these predictors for the modelled forcings with the satellite-derived statistical relationships yields a global annual mean value of −1.5±0.5 Wm−2. An alternative estimate obtained by scaling the simulated clear- and cloudy-sky forcings with estimates of anthropogenic τa and satellite-retrieved Nd – τa regression slopes, respectively, yields a global annual mean clear-sky (aerosol direct effect) estimate of −0.4±0.2 Wm−2 and a cloudy-sky (aerosol indirect effect) estimate of −0.7±0.5 Wm−2, with a total estimate of −1.2±0.4 Wm−2.

Published
2009

144. Emissions of gases and particles from biomass burning during the 20th century

Author

Mieville, Aude, Granier, Claire, Liousse, C., Guillaumes, B., Mouillot, F., Grégoire, J.M., Lamarque, J.-F., Pétron, G., Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climat et fonctionnement des agro-écosystèmes, rôle de l'agrodiversité dans la stabilité de la production (CLIFA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Published
2009

145. Past and Future non-CO2 emissions for IPCC AR5

Author

Lamarque, J.-F., Granier, Claire, Bond, T., Eyring, V., Kainuma, M., Masui, T., Liousse, C., Mieville, Aude, Rihai, K., Schultz, M., Schulz, M, Smith, S., Thompson, A., Stevenson, D., van Aardenne, J., van Vuuren, D., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Environment Agency (EEA), Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

We will discuss the recently created emission datasets that will be used in the AR5 (Assessment Report 5) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report under preparation. These emissions will be used as boundary conditions for the air quality simulations from 1850 to about 2030, as well as to calculate the concentrations which will be used in the coupled earth-system models used in the climate simulations done over the 1850-2300 period.Emissions of gaseous and particulate species (i.e. aerosols, aerosol precursors, ozone precursors and ozone-destroying agents) from anthropogenic activities and biomass burning have been defined over the full period, using the 2000 dataset for harmonization of the past and current 1850-2000 emissions with the future emissions determined by the Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs).We will describe the methodology used to create the historical emissions using a variety of existing datasets. An evaluation and harmonization across different emission datasets and different periods has been achieved. Based on this evaluation, one dataset was selected for each emission sector for each compound. A methodology was defined in order to harmonize these different datasets over different regions, and ensure a good consistency of the datasets over the full period. A gridding methodology was also defined, and emissions at a 0.5x0.5 resolution are provided. Future emissions are generated by integrated assessment models. These projections are calibrated to the consensus year 2000 inventory and are consistent with the four underlying 21st century "representative concentration pathways" (RCPs) and their associated economic, energy, and land-use changes.We will also present the various ways such datasets are made available to the community.

Published
2009

146. Past and future non-CO2 emissions for IPCC AR5

Author

Granier, Claire, Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T., Eyring, V., Heill, A., Kainuma, M., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, Aude, Riahi, K., Schultz, M., Schulz, M, Smith, S., Stehfest, E., Stevenson, D., Thomson, A., van Aardenne, John, van Vuuren, D., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), European Environment Agency (EEA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published
2009

147. Non-CO2 Emissions for IPCC AR5

Author

Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T., Eyring, V., Granier, Claire, Kainuma, M., Liousse, C., Mieville, Aude, Riahi, K., Schultz, M., Smith, S., Stevenson, D., Thomson, A., van Aardenne, J., van Vuuren, D., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), European Commission, European Commission [Brussels], Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Published
2009

148. 1850-2300 non-CO2 emissions for IPCC AR5

Author

Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T., Stevenson, D., Thomson, A., van Aardenne, J., van Vuuren, D., IPCC AR5 Emissions Team, ., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Kainuma, M., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Riahi, K., Schultz, M., and Smith, S.

Subjects
ddc:550
Published
2009

149. Gridded emissions in support of IPCC AR5

Author

Lamarque, J.-F., Granier, C., Bond, T., Eyring, V., Heil, A., Kainuma, M., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Riahi, K., Schultz, M., Smith, S., Stehfest, E., Stevenson, D.S., Thomson, A., van Aardenne, J., Van Vuuren, D., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, University of Edinburgh, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Emission inventories, transport, CMIP5, shipping, global modelling
Abstract

The purpose of this article is to describe the methodology used for generating the IPCC AR5 emissions, together with information on their availability.

Published
2009

150. Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops

Author

Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, Arlene M., Schultz, M. G., Stevenson, D. S., Ashmore, M. R., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Drevet, J., Eskes, H., Hauglustaine, D. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Horowitz, L. W., Krol, M., Lamarque, J. F., Lawrence, M. G., Noije, T., Pyle, J., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J., Savage, N., Strahan, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Oliver Wild, University of Oslo (UiO), Joint Research Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Edinburgh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's surface with hourly temporal resolution. Comparison of model results with surface ozone measurements in 14 world regions indicates that levels and seasonality of surface ozone in North America and Europe are characterized well by global models, with annual average biases typically within 5–10 nmol/mol. However, comparison with rather sparse observations over some regions suggest that most models overestimate annual ozone by 15–20 nmol/mol in some locations. Two scenarios from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and one from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) have been implemented in the models. This study focuses on changes in near-surface ozone and their effects on human health and vegetation. Different indices and air quality standards are used to characterise air quality. We show that often the calculated changes in the different indices are closely inter-related. Indices using lower thresholds are more consistent between the models, and are recommended for global model analysis. Our analysis indicates that currently about two-thirds of the regions considered do not meet health air quality standards, whereas only 2–4 regions remain below the threshold. Calculated air quality exceedances show moderate deterioration by 2030 if current emissions legislation is followed and slight improvements if current emissions reduction technology is used optimally. For the "business as usual" scenario severe air quality problems are predicted. We show that model simulations of air quality indices are particularly sensitive to how well ozone is represented, and improved accuracy is needed for future projections. Additional measurements are needed to allow a more quantitative assessment of the risks to human health and vegetation from changing levels of surface ozone.

Published
2008

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