104 results on '"Ladner, David A."'
Search Results
102. Avaliação da utilização de carvão ativado em pó superfino (S-CAP) associado a membrana de microfiltração (MF) na remoção de atrazina de água de abastecimento
- Author
-
Amaral, Pauline Aparecida Pera do, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Lapolli, Flávio Rubens, and Ladner, David Allen
- Subjects
Carbono ativado ,Adsorção ,Engenharia ambiental - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2016. A presença de compostos orgânicos pertencentes ao grupo dos poluentes emergentes, tal como o herbicida Atrazina, em mananciais, é preocupante pelo seu potencial nocivo a saúde humana. Consequentemente, há um grande interesse no desenvolvimento de tecnologias capazes de remover, de forma eficiente, estes compostos em estações de tratamento de água. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar um sistema híbrido adsorção/filtração na remoção de Atrazina de água de abastecimento. O material adsorvente testado foi o carvão ativado em pó superfino (S-CAP), obtido a partir da moagem do carvão ativado em pó (CAP), produzido a partir de diferentes materiais precursores, sendo estes, o carvão betuminoso (BC), a madeira (WD) e a casca de coco (CS). No sistema híbrido foram utilizadas membranas de microfiltração de polivinilideno, com tamanho de poro de 0,1 µm. Para a água de estudo foi utilizada água sintética acrescida ou não de matéria orgânica natural (MON) proveniente do Rio Suwannee (RSMON) ou cálcio; também foram realizados ensaios com água natural proveniente do Rio Edisto (REMON). A metodologia foi dividida em três etapas distintas, sendo estas a caracterização do material adsorvente, os estudos cinéticos e os ensaios de adsorção/filtração. Na caracterização do material adsorvente, foi observado que características como tamanho de partícula, teor de oxigênio, pHpzc e área superficial variaram com o tempo de moagem e apresentaram correlação entre si. Os estudos cinéticos apontaram cinéticas de adsorção mais rápidas da atrazina para os BC S-CAPs, quando comparados com o BC CAP, principalmente na presença da RSMON. Os estudos de adsorção/filtração foram avaliados em termos de eficiência de remoção e fluxo de permeado. Todos os S-CAPs testados promoveram uma melhor remoção de atrazina quando comparado com seu respectivo CAP; entretanto, nenhum dos carvões testados se apresentaram eficientes na remoção da MON. Para todos os carvões testados, o fluxo do permeado variou de acordo com o tamanho de partícula dos S-CAPs, principalmente para os tempos de moagem mais longos (menores tamanhos de partículas). A MON foi a maior responsável pelo fouling da membrana, e não a presença das partículas de S-CAPs, conforme esperado, e a adição de cálcio auxiliou na obtenção de fluxos de permeado mais altos para os BC S-CAPs. No geral, observou-se que S-CAPs produzidos com tempos de moagem mais curtos, entre 10 e 30 minutos, apresentaram uma boa eficiência de remoção da atrazina e uma perda de fluxo aceitável, permitindo assim concluir que estes S-CAPs são os mais favoráveis para serem utilizados para o revestimento de membranas em sistemas híbridos. Abstract : Trace-contaminant synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products found in drinking water supplies are an increasingly worrisome threat to public health. Therefore, there is a great interest of developing technologies capable of removing these compounds from water in water treatment plants. In this context, the main objective of this study was to evaluate a hybrid adsorption/membrane system aiming atrazine removal from drinking water. The adsorbent used was the superfine powdered activated carbon (S-PAC), produced by milling activated carbons (PAC) of different materials, bituminous coal (BC), wood (WD) and coconut shell (CS). Microfiltration PVDF membranes with 0,1 µm average pore size were used. The performance of the hybrid system was evaluated for a varied water matrix, with or without NOM from Suwannee River (SRNOM) and calcium; and natural water from Edisto water was also used. The methodology was divided in three main steps, adsorbent characterization, kinetics studies and adsorption/membrane experiments. The first step showed that the adsorbent characteristics, such as particle size, oxygen content, pHpzc and surface area varied with the milling time and showed statistical correlation with each other. The second step showed the BC S-PACs faster kinetics, compared with the parent PAC, for atrazine, especially with SRNMO containing water. The adsorption/membrane system was evaluated in terms of removal efficiency and permeate flux. For every condition studied and for each carbon tested, the atrazine removal by S-PACs was superior to the respective parent PACs. NOM adsorption was not found to be significantly higher on S-PAC than PAC, and the general removals were low. Oxygen content and specific external surface area (both of which increased with longer milling times) were the most significant predictors of atrazine removal. The permeate flux varied with the S-PAC particle size, especially for the longer milling times (smaller particle sizes). In most experiments, NOM caused much greater fouling than S-PAC. In the presence of NOM, calcium resulted in improved flux of the BC S-PACs by aiding in the capture of NOM within the carbon layer. In this study carbons milled for the relatively short time (relatively low energy) of 10-30 minutes were the most favorable to be used in hybrid systems.
- Published
- 2016
103. Integrating algaculture into small wastewater treatment plants: process flow options and life cycle impacts.
- Author
-
Steele MM, Anctil A, and Ladner DA
- Subjects
- Eutrophication, Wastewater chemistry, Water Pollutants analysis, Microalgae growth & development, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods
- Abstract
Algaculture has the potential to be a sustainable option for nutrient removal at wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental impacts of three likely algaculture integration strategies to a conventional nutrient removal strategy. Process modeling was used to determine life cycle inventory data and a comparative life cycle assessment was used to determine environmental impacts. Treatment scenarios included a base case treatment plant without nutrient removal, a plant with conventional nutrient removal, and three other cases with algal unit processes placed at the head of the plant, in a side stream, and at the end of the plant, respectively. Impact categories included eutrophication, global warming, ecotoxicity, and primary energy demand. Integrating algaculture prior to activated sludge proved to be most beneficial of the scenarios considered for all impact categories; however, this scenario would also require primary sedimentation and impacts of that unit process should be considered for implementation of such a system.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Solubility of nano-zinc oxide in environmentally and biologically important matrices.
- Author
-
Reed RB, Ladner DA, Higgins CP, Westerhoff P, and Ranville JF
- Subjects
- Environment, Particle Size, Solubility, Surface Properties, Nanoparticles chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Zinc Oxide chemistry
- Abstract
Increasing manufacture and use of engineered nanoparticles is leading to a greater probability for release of engineered nanoparticles into the environment and exposure to organisms. In particular, zinc oxide (ZnO) is toxic, although it is unclear whether this toxicity is due to the zinc oxide nanoparticles, dissolution to Zn(2+) , or some combination thereof. The goal of this study was to determine the relative solubilities of both commercially available and in-house synthesized ZnO in matrices used for environmental fate and transport or biological toxicity studies. Dissolution of ZnO was observed in nanopure water (7.18-7.40 mg/L dissolved Zn, as measured by filtration) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640) (∼5 mg/L), but much more dissolution was observed in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, in which the dissolved Zn concentration exceeded 34 mg/L. Moderately hard water exhibited low Zn solubility, likely because of precipitation of a Zn carbonate solid phase. Precipitation of a Zn-containing solid phase in RPMI also appeared to limit Zn solubility. Equilibrium conditions with respect to ZnO solubility were not apparent in these matrices, even after more than 1,000 h of dissolution. These results suggest that solution chemistry exerts a strong influence on ZnO dissolution and can result in limits on Zn solubility from precipitation of less soluble solid phases., (Copyright © 2011 SETAC.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.