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Chang and Ran proved, in 1984, the unirationality of the moduli spaces of curves of genus 11, 12, and 13. They consider a family U of nonsingular space curves. If U is non-empty, it dominates the moduli space. Considering certain vector bundles related to the curves, one shows that U is unirational. Finally, Chang and Ran prove that U is non-empty by constructing smoothable reducible curves. We prove, instead, the existence of (almost) globally generated vector bundles of the above kind. The dependency locus of (rank − 1) general global sections of such a bundle is a nonsingular curve from U. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce and classify 1‐clustered families of linear spaces in the Grassmannian G(k−1,n)$\mathbb {G}(k-1,n)$ and give applications to Lang‐type conjectures. Let X⊂Pn$X \subset \mathbb {P}^n$ be a very general hypersurface of degree d$d$. Let ZL$Z_L$ be the locus of points contained in a line of X$X$. Let Z2$Z_2$ be the closure of the locus of points on X$X$ that are swept out by lines that meet X$X$ in at most 2 points. We prove that: if d⩾3n+22$d \geqslant \frac{3n+2}{2}$, then X$X$ is algebraically hyperbolic modulo ZL;$Z_L\hbox{\it ;}$if d⩾3n2$d \geqslant \frac{3n}{2}$, X$X$ contains lines but no other rational curves;if d⩾3n+32$d \geqslant \frac{3n+3}{2}$, then the only points on X$X$ that are rationally Chow zero equivalent to points other than themselves are contained in Z2$Z_2$;if d⩾3n+22$d \geqslant \frac{3n+2}{2}$ and a relative Green–Griffiths–Lang Conjecture holds, then the exceptional locus for X$X$ is contained in Z2$Z_2$. These sharpen prior results of Ein, Voisin, Pacienza, Clemens and Ran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The culms of solid-stemmed wheat cultivars are filled with "pith" - a parenchymatous tissue largely composed of soft, spongy, and compact parenchyma cells. Breeding solid-stemmed cultivars is the most effective way to decrease the detrimental impact of wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) on wheat production. Although a major solid stem gene has been previously identified from durum wheat, it produces an intermediate level of stem solidness in common wheat which is insufficient to provide the required level of WSS resistance. The maximum resistance is achieved when stems are totally filled with pith. Thus, to identify a secondary source of solidness in common wheat, we developed three mapping populations from wheat cvs. Sadash, 'AAC Innova' and 'AAC Cameron', each crossed separately with P2711, a completely solid-stemmed hexaploid wheat breeding line. All populations were genotyped using either wheat 15K or 90K Infinium iSelect SNP Assay and high-density linkage maps were generated from individual populations along with consensus maps for chromosomes 3B and 3D from all populations. 'Sadash/P2711' and 'AAC Innova/P2711' populations were subjected to extensive phenotyping in =3 environments followed by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses using population-specific and consensus linkage maps. We identified two major solid stem QTLs in the distal regions of chromosome arms 3BL and 3DL in both populations in addition to several population-specific or common minor QTLs. Internode-specific QTL analyses detected both major QTLs of chromosomes 3B and 3D across internodes, from top to bottom of the stalk, but minor QTLs were largely detected in upper or middle internodes. Our results suggest that both major QTLs are sufficient to develop highly solidstemmed cvs; however, the minor loci, which additively enhance the pith expression, can be coupled with major genes to achieve a complete solid stem phenotype in common wheat. Comparative and haplotype analyses showed that the 3B locus is homoeologous to 3D, the former being mapped to a 1.1 Mb genomic region. Major QTLs identified in this study can be incorporated in modern wheat cultivars to achieve maximum WSS resistance from high pith expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed or pod shattering in rice (Oryza sativa) is considered to be one of the major factors involved in the domestication of rice as a crop. High seed shattering results in significant yield losses. In this study, we characterize the RICEHIGHSHATTERING 1 (RHS1) that corresponds to the locus LOC_Os04g41250 from a greenhouse screen, involving 145 Ac/Ds transposon mutant rice lines. The knockout mutant line rhs1 exhibited a significantly high shattering of grains in comparison to the wild-type plants. The exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of RHS1 in wild-type rice plants. The absence of RHS1, which encodes a putative armadillo/beta-catenin repeat family protein, resulted in high sensitivity of the rhs1 plants to nitrosative stress. Interestingly, the basal expression levels of QSH1 and SHAT1 genes (transcription factors that regulate seed-pod shattering in rice) were significantly lower in these plants than in wild-type plants; however, nitrosative stress negatively regulated the expression of QSH1 and SHAT1 in both WT and rhs1 plants, but positively regulated QSH4 expression in rhs1 plants alone. The expression levels of genes responsible for NO production (OsNIA1, OsNIA2, and OsNOA1) were lower in rhs1 plants than in WT plants under normal conditions. However, under nitrosative stress, the expression of OsNIA2 significantly increased in rhs1 plants. The expression of CPL1 (a negative regulator of seed shattering in rice) was significantly lower in rhs1 plants, and we found that CPL1 expression was correlated with S-nitrosothiol (SNO) alteration in rhs1. Interestingly noe1, a rice mutant with high SNO levels, exhibited low seed shattering, whereas rhs1 resulted in low SNO levels with high seed shattering. Therefore, RHS1 is a novel gene that negatively regulates the shattering trait in rice via regulation of endogenous SNO levels. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of RHS1-mediated regulation of seed shattering and its interaction with nitric oxide and involvement in plant defense need to be investigated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Using genomic DNA from 79 F1 plants resulted from a crossing between parents with strong and weak grazing tolerance in Medicago falcata L., we generated an EcoRI restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing library. After sequencing and assembly, a high-density genetic map with high-quality SNP markers was constructed, with a total length of 1312.238 cM and an average density of 0.844 SNP/cM. Methods: The phenotypic traits of 79 F1 families were observed and the QTLS of 6 traits were analyzed by interval mapping. Results: Sixty three QTLs were identified for seven traits with LOD values from 3 to 6 and the contribution rates from 15% to 30%. Among the 63 QTLs, 17 were for natural shoot height, 12 for rhizome Length, 10 for Shoot canopy diameter, 9 for Basal plant diameter, 6 for stem number, 5 for absolute shoot height, and 4 for rhizome width. These QTLs were concentrated on LG2, LG4, LG5, LG7, and LG8. LG6 had only 6 QTLs. According to the results of QTL mapping, comparison of reference genomes, and functional annotation, 10 candidate genes that may be related to grazing tolerance were screened. qRT-PCR analysis showed that two candidate genes (LOC11412291 and LOC11440209) may be the key genes related to grazing tolerance of M. falcata. Conclusion: The identified trait-associated QTLs and candidate genes in this study will provide a solid foundation for future molecular breeding for enhanced grazing-tolerance in M. falcata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the exact allele frequencies I x SB l sb i are not explicitly known, we calculated I V SB M sb i with the expected value of I w SB l sb i ( I x i ) under the equilibrium allele-frequency distribution I f SB l sb i for the respective locus I l i : 4 HT ht where the sum is over all allele-frequency bins I i i . [Extracted from the article]

We are responding to the comment by Dommerholt and Gerwin that we have reverse-defined "myofascial trigger point" (MTrP) and "contracture/contraction knot." In attempting to maintain philosophical agreement with specific and implied aspects of their integrated hypothesis of trigger-point formation (namely a MTrP being ischemic and hypoxic), we referred to the MTrP as the small hyperechoic signal rather than the larger hypoechoic (and therefore hyperperfused) structure surrounding it. It was never our intent to re-define nor contribute to confusion. In making this concession with respect to Dommerholt and Gerwin's preferred nomenclature, however, we must instead now reconcile what we image as a hypoechoic (and therefore hyperperfused) MTrP with it being concurrently hypoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in Diagnostics attempted to visualize trigger points and contracture knots with high-definition ultrasound. Based on their findings, the authors reversed the commonly understood meaning of the two terms. However, they did so without providing any convincing evidence. The authors maintained that their sonography images represented trigger points within contracture knots, supporting the multiple loci hypothesis. On review of the paper, both conclusions seem premature and rather speculative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the genetic polymorphism of 27 Y-STR in Kazakhs of the Junior Zhuz has been presented and analyzed in relation to forensic features. A total of 464 representatives of the Western Kazakh tribes of Kazakhstan (Western Kazakhs, n = 405) and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan Kazakhs, n = 59) were examined by the Yfiler Plus set. The data are available in the YHRD under accession numbers YA006010 and YA006009. Genetic analysis (AMOVA and MDS) did not show significant differences between the two groups (Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan Kazakhs) in terms of Y-chromosome diversity. Both groups are characterized by haplogroup C2a1a2 as a founder effect, which dominated two of the three tribes: Alimuly (67%), Baiuly (74.6%), and Zhetiru (25.8%). At the same time, the phylogenetic network for each tribe found its own clusters within C2a1a2. Western Kazakhs and Karakalpakstan Kazakhs present high values of unique haplotypes (84.44% and 96.61%), discrimination capacity (90.37% and 98.30%), and haplotype diversity (0.9991 and 0.9994). A set of 27 Y-STR loci distinguishes closely related individuals within the Western Kazakh tribes quite well. It is suitable for forensic application, and is also optimal for population genetics studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study hyperbolic geodesics running from ∞$\infty$ to a generic point, by the harmonic measure with the pole at ∞$\infty$, on the boundary of the connectedness locus Md${\cal M}_d$ for unicritical polynomials fc(z)=zd+c$f_c(z)=z^d+c$. It is known that a generic parameter c∈∂Md$c\in \partial {\cal M}_d$ is not accessible within a John angle and ∂Md$\partial {\cal M}_d$ spirals round them infinitely many times in both directions. We prove that almost every point from ∂Md$\partial {\cal M}_d$ is asymptotically accessible by a flat angle with apperture decreasing slower than (log∘⋯∘logdist(c,∂Md))−1$(\log \circ \dots \circ \log {\rm dist}\,(c,\partial {\cal M}_d))^{-1}$ for any iterate of log$\log$. This is a consequence of an iterated large deviation estimate for exponential distribution. Additionally, for an arbitrary β>0$\beta >0$, the bifurcation locus is not β$\beta$‐porous on a set of scales of positive density along almost every external ray with respect to the harmonic measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove that there are no families of cyclic Z n -covers of elliptic curves which generate non-compact Shimura (special) curves that lie generically in the Torelli locus T g of abelian varieties with g ≥ 8 when n has a proper prime factor p ≥ 7. This non-existence is also shown for families of Z n -covers of curves of any genus s provided that n has a large enough prime factor p (depending on s). We achieve these results by applying the theory of Higgs bundles and the Viehweg-Zuo characterization of Shimura curves in the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover photograph: TMST of 11 STs identified from 41 E. faecium isolates. Each circle represents an ST, and the number in the middle of each circle represents the ST number. The size of each circle correlates with the number of isolates of that ST. Coloured pie charts indicate ABPC susceptibility and its proportion within each ST. The number of locus variants of seven loci that determine the STs between two circles is indicated by the number above the line connecting these circles. Microbiol Immunol: 68:254‐266. Article link here. [Extracted from the article]

Williams asymptotic expansions are widely used to represent mechanical fields at the vicinity of crack-tips in plane elastic media. For practical applications, series solutions have to be truncated and it is believed that a better accuracy can be achieved by retaining more terms in the summations. The influence of the truncation on the accuracy can be quantified comparing truncated closed-form Williams series solutions available for some fracture configurations to their corresponding complex exact counterparts. The computation of 2D absolute error fields reveals astonishing patterns in which appear points with numerically zero error implying the existence of loci where truncated series can provide exact results. These loci of exactness gather on curves emanating from the crack-tips and pointing towards the outside of series convergence disks. An analytical investigation of this phenomenon allows to relate the number and tangency angle at the crack-tip of these curves to the number and values of the zeros of Williams series angular eigenfunctions. Beyond its analytical interest in the understanding of Williams series framework, this property of exactness for truncated series can also help to improve the accuracy of experimental and computational techniques based on Williams series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple orthogonal coordinate systems having coordinate lines as circles or straight lines are considered. Technically, they are represented by trilinear rational quaternionic maps and are called Dupin cyclidic cubes, naturally generalizing the bilinear rational quaternionic parametrizations of principal patches of Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclidic cubes and their singularities are studied and classified up to Möbius equivalency in Euclidean space. • Dupin cyclidic (DC) cubes are the trivariate generalizations of Dupin cyclide patches. • Moebius classification of DC cubes based on symmetries and singularities is presented. • A general DC cube admits 3 symmetry spheres: 2 real + 1 real, zero, or imaginary. • The singular locus is an arrangement of focal bicircular quartic curves. • Moebius classes are fully defined by these symmetries and singularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a uniformly distributed mathematical model for the self-heating process within compost piles is formulated and investigated. It consists of mass balance equations for oxygen and energy as well as the heat-generation processes due to both biological and chemical activities. This model is an extension of the study of Luangwilai et al. [2013] which consists of only biological activity. The singularity and degenerate Hopf bifurcation theories are used to determine the loci of different singularities: the isola, cusp, double-limit points and boundary limit set as well as the double-Hopf, generalized Hopf (Bautin) and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. In this investigation it is found that these loci separate the secondary parameter plane into twenty-two regions of different steady-state solution behaviors, whereas the model in the earlier study reported only eight regions. With more topological detail in the parameter space, a clearer understanding of the thermal behavior of a compost pile can be obtained, thus assisting compost operators in controlling the temperature within the pile more effectively: for example, achieving desirable elevated temperature range for ideal composting conditions via periodic solutions and S-shaped solution branch, or alternatively, understanding conditions, if not monitored carefully, that can also increase the likelihood of spontaneous ignition within the pile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial organization of chromatin at the scale of topologically associating domains (TADs) and below displays large cell-to-cell variations. Up until now, how this heterogeneity in chromatin conformation is shaped by chromatin condensation, TAD insulation, and transcription has remained mostly elusive. Here, we used Hi-M, a multiplexed DNA-FISH imaging technique providing developmental timing and transcriptional status, to show that the emergence of TADs at the ensemble level partially segregates the conformational space explored by single nuclei during the early development of Drosophila embryos. Surprisingly, a substantial fraction of nuclei display strong insulation even before TADs emerge. Moreover, active transcription within a TAD leads to minor changes to the local inter- and intra-TAD chromatin conformation in single nuclei and only weakly affects insulation to the neighboring TAD. Overall, our results indicate that multiple parameters contribute to shaping the chromatin architecture of single nuclei at the TAD scale. Here the authors applied their recently developed multiplexed DNA-FISH Hi-M method to dissect the sources of heterogeneity in topologically associating domain (TAD)-like organization during Drosophila embryogenesis. This single-nucleus analysis allows them to reveal that multiple parameters contribute to shaping the trace of the chromatin path from a single nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping has been used as an international standard method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genotyping. However, different optimized VNTR loci sets for improving the discrimination of specific Mtb genotypes have been proposed. In this regard, we investigated the efficacy of accumulation of the percentage differences (APDs) compared with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression strategy to identify a customized genotype-specific VNTR loci set which provides a resolution comparable to 24-loci MIRU-VNTR in divergent Mtb populations. We utilized Spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing for genotyping 306 Mtb isolates. The APD and LASSO regression approaches were used to identify a customized VNTR set in our studied isolates. Besides, the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI), sensitivity, and specificity of each selected loci set were calculated based on both strategies. The selected loci based on LASSO regression compared with APD-based loci showed a better discriminatory power for identifying all studied genotypes except for T genotype, which APD-based loci showed promising discriminative power. Our findings suggested the LASSO regression rather than the APD approach is more effective in the determination of possible discriminative VNTR loci set to precise discrimination of our studied Mtb population and may be beneficial to be used in finding reduced number loci sets in other Mtb genotypes or sublineages. Moreover, we proposed customized genotype-specific MIRUVNTR loci sets based on the LASSO regression and APD approaches for precise Mtb strains identification. As the proposed VNTR sets offered a comparable discriminatory power to the standard 24 MIRU-VNTR loci set could be promising alternatives to the standard genotyping for using in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the BPS equations in the "superstratum sector" of three-dimensional gauged supergravity. We obtain multi-parameter supersymmetric solutions that include elliptical deformations of the supertubes that underlie standard superstrata. We uplift the three-dimensional solutions to obtain the corresponding six-dimensional geometries. This yields new families of elliptically-deformed, ambi-bolar hyper-Kähler geometries in four dimensions with a non-tri-holomorphic U(1) isometry. We also find a new family of scaling superstrata whose S-dual lives entirely within the NS-sector of supergravity, and will thus be more amenable to exact analysis using string probes. In all these new superstrata, including the scaling ones, if the momentum charge is non-zero we find that the ellipse stays away from the degeneration locus in which the ellipse becomes flat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the locus of locally constant |$\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$| -valued cocycles that have a dominated splitting, called the hyperbolic locus. By developing the theory of Möbius semigroups we show that cocycles on the boundary of the hyperbolic locus, apart from a few exceptions, exhibit some form of hyperbolic behaviour. This behaviour is used to answer a question posed by Avila, Bochi and Yoccoz. Our approach introduces a new locus of cocycles, closely related to the hyperbolic locus, and motivates a line of investigation on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compute the Euler characteristic of the structure sheaf of the Brill–Noether locus of linear series with special vanishing at up to two marked points. When the Brill–Noether number |$\rho $| is zero, we recover the Castelnuovo formula for the number of special linear series on a general curve; when |$\rho =1$|⁠ , we recover the formulas of Eisenbud-Harris, Pirola, and Chan–Martín–Pflueger–Teixidor for the arithmetic genus of a Brill–Noether curve of special divisors. These computations are obtained as applications of a new determinantal formula for the |$K$| -theory class of certain degeneracy loci. Our degeneracy locus formula also specializes to new determinantal expressions for the double Grothendieck polynomials corresponding to 321-avoiding permutations and gives double versions of the flagged skew Grothendieck polynomials recently introduced by Matsumura. Our result extends the formula of Billey–Jockusch–Stanley expressing Schubert polynomials for 321-avoiding permutations as generating functions for flagged skew tableaux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we study the center Z of the finite W-algebra $${\mathcal{T}}({\mathfrak{g}},e)$$ associated with a semi-simple Lie algebra $$\mathfrak{g}$$ over an algebraically closed field $$\mathbb{k}$$ of characteristic p≫0, and an arbitrarily given nilpotent element $$e \in{\mathfrak{g}} $$ We obtain an analogue of Veldkamp's theorem on the center. For the maximal spectrum Specm(Z), we show that its Azumaya locus coincides with its smooth locus of smooth points. The former locus reflects irreducible representations of maximal dimension for $${\mathcal{T}}({\mathfrak{g}},e)$$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a devastating synergistic viral disease of maize caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) plus a virus in the Potyviridae family. The disease has severely impacted maize production in East Africa, Asia, and South America over the past decade, and the presence of MCMV and maize infecting potyviruses in the United States is an ongoing concern. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using the Maize 282 Association Mapping Panel (AMP) to characterize the genetic architecture of host response to MCMV and to identify disease‐tolerant lines. The GWAS analysis detected genomic variants on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, and 8 that were significantly associated with response to MCMV. Several lines in the 282 AMP were highly tolerant to infection, including CML333, one of the parental lines used in the maize nested association mapping population. Quantitative trait locus analysis of the B73 × CML333 recombinant inbred line population revealed an MCMV tolerance locus on chromosome 10. These findings further our understanding of the genetic architecture of MCMV tolerance and will facilitate the development of maize lines, hybrids, and cultivars with improved resistance to MLN and MCMV. Core Ideas: A GWAS identified seven maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) tolerance loci in the Maize 282 Association Mapping Panel.Maize lines with strong MCMV tolerance, including CML333, were identified.A MCMV tolerance QTL was mapped in the B73 × CML333 RIL population.New MCMV tolerant lines and tolerance loci will facilitate development of improved maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider two kinds of developable surfaces along a timelike frontal curve lying in a timelike surface in Minkowski 3-space, the Lorentz–Darboux rectifying surfaces and the Lorentz–Darboux osculating surfaces. Meanwhile, we also consider two curves generated by such a timelike frontal curve. We give two new invariants of the frontal curve which characterize singularities of the Lorentz–Darboux developable surfaces and Lorentz–Darboux rectifying and osculating curves. Unlike the regular curves, the frontal curves may have singular points. Using the methods of the unfolding theory in singularity theory, we complete the classifications of the singular points of these two surfaces and two curves. The main results indicate that compared with developable surfaces along a regular curve, there exists a more complicated construction for the singularities of the developable surfaces along a timelike frontal curve, there will appear an extra locus, arising by the singular point of the timelike frontal curve, for the singularities of the Lorentz–Darboux rectifying surface, whereas the Lorentz–Darboux osculating surface did not. In addition, we investigate the geometric properties of the timelike frontal curve, it is shown that the timelike frontal curve can be regarded as the envelope of a family of timelike frontal rectifying curves. Finally, we provide several examples to illustrate the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the map (1.4), the set HT ht C SP sp \ K results from intersections of vertical lines with the line { I y i SB 1 sb = I y i SB 2 sb }. Then, the polynomial I g i SB 2 sb is written as Graph HT ht where ( I v i , I w i ) N SP 2 sp . This shows that for each above I q i , there exists a unique subset (5.13) identifying a subset of HT ht - I n SB i sb i + I m SB i sb n SB i sb i isolated points in V SP sp ( I G i ) V SP sp ( I H i ) V SP sp ( I K i ). [Extracted from the article]

A rank 5 vector bundle G on HT ht is constructed as the homology of a certain Beilinson monad. By the double point formula, HT ht = - 4. The entries of the third row are given by I i >= 2 I i - HT ht . Substituting this value in the double point formula, we get HT ht = -12. [Extracted from the article]

Let L, L' be two line bundles on I C i , let 0 -> L -> F -> L' -> 0 be a short exact sequence associated to HT ht <= dim Z (P) - 1. So M b b O SB C ' b sb and, since HT ht we conclude that M b b. But now h 0 (C ' b,M b) >= 2, h 0 (C ' v, b) = 0 and h 0 (C ' b, M b) = h 0 (C ' b, b) = 0 leads to a contradiction. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emiliyan Stanev’s unfinished short novel The Black Monk still remains on the margins of his oeuvre, and also of research interest on the part of Bulgarian literary studies. On the other hand, the plot and the eponymous character fit it into a wide network of works by English, German, French, Russian and other authors, in the traditions of Gothic, Romanticism, Realism and their varieties, where the ‘Black Monk’ motif is a locus communis. I call the potential of such loci communes to form sets of works partially connected by separate, often contextually undetermined threads, polyvalent intertextuality. Comparing through it works by different authors, from different genres and nationalities, I come to the conclusion that their interaction can be described, in terms such as de- and reterritorialization (Deleuze and Guattari), as rhizomatic and gothic. This paper does not range over historical-philosophical, ethical, socio-political, etc. aspects of Stanev's work. Emiliyan Stanev’s unfinished short novel The Black Monk still remains on the margins of his oeuvre, and also of research interest on the part of Bulgarian literary studies. On the other hand, the plot and the eponymous character fit it into a wide network of works by English, German, French, Russian and other authors, in the traditions of Gothic, Romanticism, Realism and their varieties, where the ‘Black Monk’ motif is a locus communis. I call the potential of such loci communes to form sets of works partially connected by separate, often contextually undetermined threads, polyvalent intertextuality. Comparing through it works by different authors, from different genres and nationalities, I come to the conclusion that their interaction can be described, in terms such as de- and reterritorialization (Deleuze and Guattari), as rhizomatic and gothic. This paper does not range over historical-philosophical, ethical, socio-political, etc. aspects of Stanev's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Hurwitz space of rational functions on |${{\mathbb{C}}}\textrm{P}^1$| with poles of given orders, we study the loci of multisingularities, that is, the loci of functions with a given ramification profile over 0. We prove a recursion relation on the Poincaré dual cohomology classes of these loci and deduce a differential equation on Hurwitz numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are generally the mixed type surfaces with lightlike locus in the Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space. To investigate the geometry of lightlike locus, we define slant focal surfaces and slant evolutes associated to the oringinal mixed type surface by using a moving frame field along the lightlike locus defined by Honda etc. We obtain that singularities of slant focal surfaces and slant evolutes depend on the differential geometric properties of the lightlike locus. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between slant focal surfaces and slant evolutes. We also consider the relationship between slant evolutes and the lightlike locus on the lightcone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the fixed locus of a symplectic involution on a hyper‐Kähler manifold of type K3[n]$K3^{[n]}$ or of Kummer n$n$ type. We prove that the fixed locus consists of finitely many copies of deformations of Hilbert schemes of K3$K3$ surfaces of lower dimensions and isolated fixed points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hawaiian Archipelago has served as a natural laboratory to assess genetic connectivity patterns across a broad spectrum of taxonomic and ecological diversity. Almost all these studies were based on a few targeted loci, but technologies now allow us to assess population structure with genomic coverage and greater resolution. Here, we provide a SNP-based analysis for an endemic surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis (manini) across the Hawaiian Archipelago and adjacent Johnston Atoll (N = 461). Based on 3649 SNPs, manini showed population structure in the main Hawaiian Islands, but genetic homogeneity across most of the northwestern extent of the archipelago (overall FST = 0.033, P < 0.001). Net migration occurred from Johnston Atoll into Hawai'i, providing further support for Johnston Atoll being a pathway for dispersal (or colonization) into Hawai′i. These results highlight the higher efficacy of genomic sequencing to characterize fine-scale patterns of connectivity relative to a targeted loci approach and, moving forward, may invoke a reassessment of past connectivity studies in a genomics framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the germ of an analytic function on affine space with a smooth critical locus, we prove that the constancy of the reduced cohomology of the Milnor fiber in lowest possible non-trivial degree off a codimension two subset of the critical locus implies that the vanishing cycles are concentrated in lowest degree and are constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the motivic and ℓ -adic realizations of the dg category of singularities of the zero locus of a global section of a line bundle over a regular scheme. We will then use the formula obtained in this way together with a theorem due to D. Orlov and J. Burke–M. Walker to give a formula for the ℓ -adic realization of the dg category of singularities of the zero locus of a global section of a vector bundle. In particular, we obtain a formula for the ℓ -adic realization of the dg category of singularities of the special fiber of a scheme over a regular local ring of dimension n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a smooth projective complex curve X with an involution σ, we study the Hitchin systems for the locus of anti-invariant (resp. invariant) stable vector bundles over X under σ. Using these integrable systems and the theory of the nilpotent cone, we study the irreducibility of these loci. The anti-invariant locus can be thought of as a generalisation of Prym varieties to higher rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical signal in nucleotide sequences becomes eroded over time by substitutions occurring repeatedly at the same sites. This phenomenon, known as substitution saturation, is recognized as one of the primary obstacles to deep-time phylogenetic inference using genome-scale data sets. We present a new test of substitution saturation and demonstrate its performance in simulated and empirical data. For some of the 36 empirical phylogenomic data sets that we examined, we detect substitution saturation in around 50% of loci. We found that saturation tends to be flagged as problematic in loci with highly discordant phylogenetic signals across sites. Within each data set, the loci with smaller numbers of informative sites are more likely to be flagged as containing problematic levels of saturation. The entropy saturation test proposed here is sensitive to high evolutionary rates relative to the evolutionary timeframe, while also being sensitive to several factors known to mislead phylogenetic inference, including short internal branches relative to external branches, short nucleotide sequences, and tree imbalance. Our study demonstrates that excluding loci with substitution saturation can be an effective means of mitigating the negative impact of multiple substitutions on phylogenetic inferences. [Phylogenetic model performance; phylogenomics; substitution model; substitution saturation; test statistics.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by Hilbert's 16th problem we discuss the probabilities of topological features of a system of random homogeneous polynomials. The distribution for the polynomials is the Kostlan distribution. The topological features we consider are type- |$W$| singular loci. This is a term that we introduce and that is defined by a list of equalities and inequalities on the derivatives of the polynomials. In technical terms a type- |$W$| singular locus is the set of points where the jet of the Kostlan polynomials belongs to a semialgebraic subset |$W$| of the jet space, which we require to be invariant under orthogonal change of variables. For instance, the zero set of polynomial functions or the set of critical points fall under this definition. We will show that, with overwhelming probability, the type- |$W$| singular locus of a Kostlan polynomial is ambient isotopic to that of a polynomial of lower degree. As a crucial result, this implies that complicated topological configurations are rare. Our results extend earlier results from Diatta and Lerario who considered the special case of the zero set of a single polynomial. Furthermore, for a given polynomial function |$p$| we provide a deterministic bound for the radius of the ball in the space of differentiable functions with center |$p$|⁠ , in which the |$W$| -singularity structure is constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the Hessian map |$h_{d,r}$|⁠ , which associates to any hypersurface of degree |$d$| in |${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$| its Hessian hypersurface, and the general properties of this map and prove that |$h_{d,1}$| is birational onto its image if |$d\geqslant 5.$| We also study in detail the maps |$h_{3,1}$|⁠ , |$h_{4,1}$|⁠ , and |$h_{3,2}$| and the restriction of the Hessian map to the locus of hypersurfaces of degree |$d$| with Waring rank |$r+2$| in |${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$|⁠ , proving that this restriction is injective as soon as |$r\geqslant 2$| and |$d\geqslant 3$|⁠ , which implies that |$h_{3,3}$| is birational onto its image. We also prove that the differential of the Hessian map is of maximal rank on the generic hypersurfaces of degree |$d$| with Waring rank |$r+2$| in |${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$|⁠ , as soon as |$r\geqslant 2$| and |$d\geqslant 3$|⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the action of a semisimple subgroup |$\hat{G}$| of a semisimple complex group |$G$| on the flag variety |$X=G/B$| and the linearizations of this action by line bundles |$\mathcal L$| on |$X$|⁠. We give an explicit description of the associated unstable locus in dependence of |$\mathcal L$|⁠ , as well as a formula for its (co)dimension. We observe that the codimension is equal to 1 on the regular boundary of the |$\hat{G}$| -ample cone and grows towards the interior in steps by 1, in a way that the line bundles with unstable locus of codimension at least |$q$| form a convex polyhedral cone. We also give a description and a recursive algorithm for determining all GIT-classes in the |$\hat{G}$| -ample cone of |$X$|⁠. As an application, we give conditions ensuring the existence of GIT-classes |$C$| with an unstable locus of codimension at least two and which moreover yield geometric GIT quotients. Such quotients |$Y_C$| reflect global information on |$\hat{G}$| -invariants. They are always Mori dream spaces, and the Mori chambers of the pseudoeffective cone |$\overline{\textrm{Eff}}(Y_C)$| correspond to the GIT chambers of the |$\hat{G}$| -ample cone of |$X$|⁠. Moreover, all rational contractions |$f: Y_{C} \ \scriptsize{-}\scriptsize{-}{\scriptsize{-}\kern-5pt\scriptsize{>}}\ Y^{\prime}$| to normal projective varieties |$Y^{\prime}$| are induced by GIT from linearizations of the action of |$\hat{G}$| on |$X$|⁠. In particular, this is shown to hold for a diagonal embedding |$\hat{G} \hookrightarrow (\hat{G})^k$|⁠ , with sufficiently large |$k$|⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economically important cotton and cacao family (Malvaceae sensu lato) have long been recognized as a monophyletic group. However, the relationships among some subfamilies are still unclear as discordant phylogenetic hypotheses keep arising when different sources of molecular data are analyzed. Phylogenetic discordance has previously been hypothesized to be the result of both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), but the extent and source of discordance have not yet been evaluated in the context of loci derived from massive sequencing strategies and for a wide representation of the family. Furthermore, no formal methods have been applied to evaluate if the detected phylogenetic discordance among phylogenomic datasets influences phylogenetic dating estimates of the concordant relationships. The objective of this research was to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis of Malvaceae from nuclear genes, specifically we aimed to (1) investigate the presence of major discordance among hundreds of nuclear gene histories of Malvaceae; (2) evaluate the potential source of discordance; and (3) examine whether discordance and loci heterogeneity influence on time estimates of the origin and diversification of subfamilies. Our study is based on a comprehensive dataset representing 96 genera of the nine subfamilies and 268 nuclear loci. Both concatenated and coalescence-based approaches were followed for phylogenetic inference. Using branch lengths and topology, we located the placement of introgression events to directly evaluate whether discordance is due to introgression rather than ILS. To estimate divergence times, concordance and molecular rate were considered. We filtered loci based on congruence with the species tree and then obtained the molecular rate of each locus to distribute them into three different sets corresponding to shared molecular rate ranges. Bayesian dating was performed for each of the different sets of loci with the same parameters and calibrations. Phylogenomic discordance was detected between methods, as well as gene histories. At deep coalescent times, we found discordance in the position of five subclades probably due to ILS and a relatively small proportion of introgression. Divergence time estimation with each set of loci generated overlapping clade ages, indicating that, even with different molecular rate and gene histories, calibrations generally provide a strong prior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE). The susceptibility genes/SNPs that have been discovered are very limited and can only explain part of the genetic effects of LPE. Therefore, discovering more genetic polymorphisms associated with the occurrence and development of LPE will help reveal the pathogenesis of LPE. Materials and Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study of LPE in 486 Chinese male Han people (cases and controls). We used Gene Titan multi-channel instrument and Axiom Analysis Suite 6.0 software for genotyping. Imputation was performed by IMPUTE2 software and the 1000 Genomes Project (Phase3) was used as reference for haplotype. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed on all loci that passed the quality control. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to determine the association between each SNPs and Chinese male Han population LPE risk. Results: The results showed that a total of 33 genetic variants in 13 genes (LACTBL1, SSBP3, ACOT11, LINC02486, TMEM154, LINC01098, NONE, HCG27, HLA-C, TNFSF8, TNC, FAM53B, SULF2) have a suggestively significant genomewide association with LPE risk (p<5×10-6). Conclusions: This study is the first to conduct a GWAS on LPE in Chinese male Han population 33 genetic polymorphisms have a suggestive genome-wide association with LPE risk. This study have provided data supplement for the genetic loci of LPE risk, and laid a scientific foundation for the pathogenesis and the targeted therapy of LPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the loci of the Brocard points over two selected families of triangles: (i) 2 vertices fixed on a circumference and a third one which sweeps it, (ii) Poncelet 3-periodics in the homothetic ellipse pair. Loci obtained include circles, ellipses, and teardrop-like curves. We derive expressions for both curves and their areas. We also study the locus of the vertices of Brocard triangles over the homothetic and Brocard-poristic Poncelet families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivic Chern and Hirzebruch classes are polynomials with K‐theory and homology classes as coefficients, which specialize to Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson classes, K‐theory classes, and Cappell–Shaneson L‐classes. We provide formulas to compute the motivic Chern and Hirzebruch classes of Grassmannian and vexillary degeneracy loci. We apply our results to obtain the Hirzebruch χy$\chi _y$‐genus of classical and one‐pointed Brill–Noether varieties, and therefore their topological Euler characteristic, holomorphic Euler characteristic, and signature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a sequence (a n) (a n) of complex numbers we consider the cubic parabolic polynomials f n (z) = z 3 + a n z 2 + z f n (z) = z 3 + a n z 2 + z and the sequence (F n) (F n) of iterates F n = f n ∘ ⋯ ∘ f 1 F n = f n ∘ ⋯ ∘ f 1. The Fatou set F 0 F 0 is the set of all z ∈ C ^ z ∈ C ^ such that the sequence (F n) (F n) is normal. The complement of the Fatou set is called the Julia set and denoted by J 0 J 0. The aim of this paper is to study some properties of J 0 J 0. As a particular case, when the sequence (a n) (a n) is constant, a n = a a n = a , then the iteration F n F n becomes the classical iteration f n f n where f (z) = z 3 + a z 2 + z f (z) = z 3 + a z 2 + z. The connectedness locus, M M , is the set of all a ∈ C a ∈ C such that the Julia set is connected. In this paper we investigate some symmetric properties of M M as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]