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PURPOSE: To summarize the clinical and imaging features of malignant tumors in parotid gland. METHODS: Four hundred and twelve cases were collected in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and department of otolaryngology head & neck surgery of general hospital of Chinese PLA and department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of first affiliated hospital of Dalian medical university. RESULTS: The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma in parotid gland. Of all the collected cases, 73.1% had certain symptoms or recent rapid growth, 58% had tough quality, 66.2% had poor mobility, 32.3% had unclear boundary and 36.8% had pain. Of all cases with imaging examination, 74.2% and 68.7% demonstrated irregular shapes in CT and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The accuracy was 83.7% and 91.8% for fine-needle aspiration cytology and frozen section examination in diagnosis, respectively. The accuracy was 79.4% for frozen section examination in diagnosis of highly malignant tumors in parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS: There are diverse pathological types of malignant tumors in parotid gland. The clinical and imaging features are helpful to diagnosis. The accuracy is high in diagnosis of malignant tumors in parotid gland by fine-needle aspiration cytology and frozen section examination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effect of the digital computer-assisted technique in orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Twelve patients from January 2008 to December 2011 with jaw malformation were treated in our department. With the help of CT and three-dimensional reconstruction technique, 12 patients underwent surgical treatment and the results were evaluated after surgery. RESULTS: Digital computer-assisted technique could clearly show the status of the jaw deformity and assist virtual surgery. After surgery all patients were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSIONS: Digital orthognathic surgery can improve the predictability of the surgical procedure, and to facilitate patients' communication, shorten operative time, and reduce patients' pain. Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7112124) and Beijing Science and Technology Project (D131100003013001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the chemical composition of the zinc modified surface of implanted titanium and to assess its effect on the antibacterial activity in vitro. METHODS: Pure commercial titanium discs were modified with zinc by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique. The surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. To measure the bacterial responses, S. mutans were seeded onto the surfaces of discs in 24-well culture plates at a density of 1 x 109 CFU/mL and observed by a scanning electron microscope. The statistical significance of difference was assessed by ANOVA using SPSS 13.0 software package, followed by a Bonferroni test. RESULTS: The full range XPS indicated that the main difference of zinc PIIID on the disc was the appearance of the signals of zinc and oxygen. At the same time, the relative atomic concentration of zinc increased gradually with the implanting time, the concentration of zinc in Zn-Ti-80 rain group being the highest among the groups. The zinc implanted titanium could affect adherence and the form of S.mutans. The adherence amount of bacteria in Zn-Ti-60 min and -80 min group was significantly less than those in cp-Ti group, Zn-Ti-20 rnin and -40 rain group. CONCLUSIONS: PIIID can successfully introduce zinc into pure titanium surface, which can change adherence and the form of S.rautans slightly. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7112124) and No.52 General Financial Grant of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M521879). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features, pathological classification, causes of misdiagnosis, treatment and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) originated in head and neck and to afford experience in early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The clinical manifestation , treatment and prognosis of 138 cases of primary head and neck NHL were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence in male was higher than that in female (male :female=l.26:l) . Among non- Hodgkin's lymphomas, 86.2% were neoplasms originating from B lymphocytes, which was remarkably higher than those originating from T lymphocyte (13.8%). The early symptom was mainly painless mass (71.7%). The primary, location was in the following order: cervical region, submandibular region , parotid gland, skin of face, maxilla and mandible, tongue and palate. The main treatment was multimodal therapy (chemotherapy anti operations ). The five- year survival rate was 59.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestation of head and neck NHL is not specific and has a high misdiagnosis rate, so we must pay more attention to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on Salmonella strains with high pathogenicity through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

ei LH, Yang Y, Wu G, Ignarro U. IL-4 and IL-13 upregu- late ornithine decarboxylase expression by P13K and MAP kinase pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: Cl 198-C 1205, 2008. First published March 26, 2008; doi: 10.11 52/ajpcell.00325.2007.-Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first and rate-controlling enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines, which are essential for normal cell growth. We have previously demonstrated that IL-4 and IL-13 can stimulate rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine whether IL-4 and IL-13 induce cell proliferation by up- regulating ODC expression in RASMC. The results revealed that incubation of RASMC with IL-4 and IL-l3 for 24 h caused four- to fivefold induction of ODC catalytic activity. The increased ODC catalytic activity was attributed to the increased expression of ODC mRNA. Moreover, these observations were paralleled by increased production of polyamines. We further investigated the signal trans- duction pathways responsible for ODC induction by IL-4 and IL-13. The data illustrated that PD-98059, a MEK (MAPK kinase) inhibitor, LY-294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) inhibitor, and H-89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, substantially decreased the induction of ODC catalytic activity and ODC mRNA expression induced by IL-4 and IL-13, suggesting positive regulation of the ODC gene by ERK, P13K, and PKA pathways. Interestingly, dexametha- sone, a known inhibitor of cell proliferation, completely abrogated the response of RASMC to IL-4 and IL-13. Furthermore, the inhibition of ODC by these inhibitors led to the reduced production of polyamines and decreased DNA synthesis as monitored by [3Hlthymidine incor- poration. Our data indicate that upregulation of ODC by IL-4 and IL-13 might play an important role in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders characterized by excessive smooth muscle growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the impact of elevated arginase I expression on cell proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle. Precursor for polyamines production; Mechanism involving increased production of polyamines; Effect of the inhibitors on the production of urea and polyamines.

Examines the role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Influence of interleukin-4 on arginase activity, urea production and cell proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RSMC); Influence of nitric oxide-producing, activated rat aortic endothelial cells on RASMC proliferation.

Investigates whether interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-3 upregulate arginase I expression by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP) and JAK/STAT6 pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Time course of induction of arginase activity and arginase I protein in rat aortic smooth muscle cells; STAT6 tyrosine phosphorylation by IL-4 and IL-3 treatment.

Determines whether rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) express arginase. Mechanisms involved in the regulation of arginase expression; Isolation and analysis of RNA; Tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in the regulation of basal and induced arginase activity in RASMC; STAT6 activation by IL-4 and IL-13.

Animal gut is home to a large number and rich variety of microbial flora. Intestinal microbes and their metabolites are believed to play an important role in regulating the metabolism of animal nutrients and maintaining intestinal immunity. The balance of intestinal microbiota is affected by diet, environment and metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites and vitamins, etc.), and have certain effect on body metabolism and immune response of animals through metabolites. Studying the effect of intestinal microbial metabolites on immune function helps to understand the interaction mechanism between intestinal microbes and animals. The article reviews the synthesis of intestinal microbial metabolites and the mechanisms mediating intestinal immunity, aiming to further explore the role of intestinal microbial metabolites in maintaining animal intestinal health, in order to provide reference for functional study of intestinal microbial metabolites and their application in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis, characterization, photophysical and electrochemical behaviour and biological labelling applications of new phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes derived from iridium(III) polypyridine complexes containing a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine moiety. In contrast to common luminescent cyclometallated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes, these tetrazine complexes are almost non-emissive due to effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and/or photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited iridium(III) polypyridine unit to the appended tetrazine moiety. However, they exhibited significant emission enhancement upon reacting with (1 R ,8 S ,9 s )-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN-OH) ( ca . 19.5–121.9 fold) and BCN-modified bovine serum albumin (BCN-BSA) ( ca . 140.8–1133.7 fold) as a result of the conversion of the tetrazine unit to a non-quenching pyridazine derivative. The complexes were applied to image azide-modified glycans in live cells using a homobifunctional crosslinker, 1,13-bis((1 R ,8 S ,9 s )-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethyloxycarbonylamino)-4,7,10-trioxatridecane ( bis -BCN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein new luminescent rhenium(I) perfluorobiphenyl complexes that reacted specifically with the cysteine residue of the π-clamp sequence (FCPF) to afford novel peptide-based imaging reagents, photosensitisers for singlet oxygen and enzyme sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the stem cell markers, characteristics and biological functions of cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells in human oral cancer. SP cells were isolated from the human oral squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cell line by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence dye and flow cytometry. The colony forming and proliferative capability of SP and non-SP cells were detected using a live-cell analysis system in vitro. The number of cells expressing stem cell markers was compared between SP cells and non-SP cells by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of stem cell genes, respectively. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SP and non-SP cells was determined by microarray hybridization and an miRNA regulation network was produced. With regard to the proliferation capability, SP cells reached 60.0% confluence after 40 h of growth compared with 35.1% confluence for non-SP cells (P<0.05). The number of colonies in SP cells was 43.1±9.2 compared with 33.0±8.2 of non-SP cells (P<0.05). The aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1)-positive cell number in the SP cells was increased by 10 times compared with the non-SP cells (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALDH1, SRY-box 2, POU class 5 homeobox 1 and Nanog homeobox in SP cells were significantly higher compared with non-SP cells (P<0.05). Microarray hybridization demonstrated that 21 miRNAs were upregulated and 13 miRNAs were downregulated in SP cells compared with non-SP cells. SP cells in Tca8113 demonstrated greater capability of proliferation and colony formation compared with non-SP cells in vitro. Stem cell markers were overexpressed in SP cells compared with non-SP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the application of computational tools to the rational design of catalysts has received considerable attention, but progress has been limited by the reliance on databases and because mechanistic data have been almost neglected. Herein, we report a new strategy for catalyst design, designated catalyst-oriented design based on elementary reactions (CODER), which fully utilizes mechanistic data, combines the strengths of computational tools and researcher experience. CODER enabled the development of extremely efficient Pd catalysts for C-N coupling, which markedly improved the efficiency of the synthesis of widely used triarylamine optoelectronic materials by enhancing the turnover numbers (up to 340000) to 1-3 orders of magnitude towards literature values., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

We report herein the design, synthesis and characterisation of a series of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes [Ir(ttp)(CH 2 CH 2 OH)] (H 2 ttp = 5,10,15,20-tetra-4-tolylporphyrin) (1), [Ir(tpp-Ph-NO 2 )(CO)Cl] (H 2 tpp-Ph-NO 2 = 5-(4-((4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyloxymethyl)phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (2), [Ir(tpp-COOMe)(Py) 2 ](Cl) (H 2 tpp-COOMe = 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin; Py = pyridine) (3) and [Ir(tpp-COOH)(Py) 2 ](Cl) (H 2 tpp-COOH = 5-(4-carboxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (4). All the complexes displayed long-lived near-infrared (NIR) emission attributed to an excited state of mixed triplet intraligand ( 3 IL) (π → π*) (porphyrin) and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( 3 MLCT) (dπ(Ir) → π*(porphyrin)) character. The cytotoxicity of the complexes toward HeLa cells was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cationic complexes 3 and 4 exhibited higher cytotoxic activity toward HeLa cells than their neutral counterparts 1 and 2. Cellular uptake studies by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) indicated that complexes 3 and 4 showed higher cellular uptake efficiencies than complexes 1 and 2 due to their cationic charge, and they were enriched in the perinuclear region of the cells with negligible nuclear uptake. Additionally, the carboxyl complex 4 was used to label a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) via an amidation reaction. The resultant luminescent protein conjugate 4 -BSA displayed similar photophysical properties and intracellular localisation behaviour to its parent complex. The results of this work will contribute to the development of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes and related bioconjugates as NIR-emissive probes for bioimaging applications.

By utilizing an underexplored reaction mode of C , N -cyclic azomethine imines, a catalyst-free [1+2+3] cycloaddition/N-N bond cleavage sequential reaction for accessing spiroindolines with syn -stereoselectivity was developed. On the basis of experimental results and DFT calculations, peroxide and ethereal solvent were identified to trigger the hydrogen abstraction of the unstable [1+2+3] cycloaddition adducts, followed by homolytic cleavage of the N-N bond and hydrogen absorption.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint involved in sliding and hinge movements of lower jaw in mammals. Studies on TMJ development in embryos have been mainly performed using rodents. However, the TMJ structure in rodents differs in several aspects from that in humans. There are few studies on the embryonic development of TMJ in large mammals. In the present study, we investigated the embryonic developmental characteristics of the TMJ in pigs histologically. Embryonic day 35 (E35), E45, E55, E75, E90, and postnatal day 1(P1) embryos/fetuses from the pigs were used for the study. The results showed condensation of mesenchymal cells on E35. The inferior articular cavity was formed on E45, together with a narrow crack in the superior articular cavity region. The superior and inferior articular cavities and articular disc of the TMJ were completely formed on E55. On E75, the condyle showed an obvious conical shape and the superior and inferior joint cavities were enlarged. Furthermore, the mandibular ramus and mandibular body under the neck of the condyle were ossified from E75 to P1 day. The chondrocyte layer of the condyle was significantly thinner from E75 to P1. It is speculated that the spatiotemporal development of the TMJ in miniature pig embryos is similar to that in humans. Embryonic development of the pig TMJ is an important bridge for translating the results of rodent research to medical applications., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Herein, a novel sequential ring opening reaction of aza-cyclobutanone oxime esters with isocyanides is described. The reaction proceeded smoothly under redox-neutral and mild conditions, leading to a divergent synthesis of α-cyanomethylaminoamides, α-acyloxyamides and α-acylaminoamides. In these transformations, a selective N-O/C-C or N-O/C-C/C-N cleavage was achieved only by changing the iron-catalyst system. Among them, a rare sequential N-O/C-C/C-N cleavage process with a classical Passerini or Ugi multicomponent reaction can be executed in a single step. To the best of our knowledge, this work creates a novel reaction mode of cycloketone oximes and provides new opportunities for reaction design.

An atom- and step-economical strategy for the synthesis of bisphosphinoylaminomethanes is reported. This metal-free bisphosphinylation reaction proceeded smoothly through a base-mediated direct 1,1-bisphosphonation of phosphine oxides and isocyanides under mild conditions. The present method offers a facile, efficient, and general approach to a broad range of bisphosphinoylaminomethane derivatives in moderate to good yields., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

In this article, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes containing a perfluorobiphenyl (PFBP) moiety [Ir(N^C) 2 (bpy-PFBP)](PF 6 ) (bpy-PFBP = 4-( S -(perfluoro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)- N -mercaptoethylaminocarbonyloxymethyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine; HN^C = 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy) ( 1a ), 2-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)pyridine (Hppy-CH 2 OH) ( 2a ), 2-((1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)pyridine (Hpppy) ( 3a ), 2-((4'-hydroxymethyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)pyridine (Hpppy-CH 2 OH) ( 4a ), 2-phenylquinoline (Hpq) ( 5a ), 2-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)quinoline (Hpq-CH 2 OH) ( 6a )). Their PFBP-free counterparts [Ir(N^C) 2 (bpy-C4)](PF 6 ) (bpy-C4 = 4-( N - n -butylaminocarbonyloxymethyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine; HN^C = Hppy ( 1b ), Hppy-CH 2 OH ( 2b ), Hpppy ( 3b ), Hpppy-CH 2 OH ( 4b ), Hpq ( 5b ), Hpq-CH 2 OH ( 6b )) were also prepared for comparison studies. Upon irradiation, all the complexes displayed intense and long-lived greenish-yellow to orange luminescence in solutions under ambient conditions and in low-temperature alcohol glass. Reactions of the PFBP complexes with peptides containing the FCPF sequence via the π-clamp-mediated cysteine conjugation afforded luminescent peptide conjugates that exhibited rich photophysical properties. Using complex 3a as an example, we demonstrated that the conjugation of complexes to organelle-targeting peptides is an effective means to modulate their intracellular localization behavior, which was further shown to be important to their performance in photodynamic therapy. The results of this work will contribute to the development of photofunctional transition metal complexes as theranostic agents.

BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore the genetic association of Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5) gene variants (rs6427384 and rs6692977) with ankylosing spondylitis risk in Chinese Han population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genotyping for FCRL5 gene variations rs6427384 and rs6692977 was implemented among 130 ankylosing spondylitis cases and 135 healthy persons, through polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Frequency dissimilarity for 2 polymorphisms was compared between 2 groups using chi-square test. The association strength of FCRL5 gene polymorphism with ankylosing spondylitis risk was estimated by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The frequencies of rs6427384 CC genotype and C allele were significantly lower in the case group than that in the control group (P<0.05), which suggested that C allele of rs6427384 polymorphism might offer protection against ankylosing spondylitis onset. Whereas only 2 genotypes of rs6692977 were detected in the control group, and no significant association was found with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS FCRL5 gene polymorphism rs6427384 was correlated to ankylosing spondylitis occurrence among Chinese Han population, while rs6692977 was not.

Efficient Cs + -Sr 2+ separation, highly desirable for radionuclide recovery in medical and industrial applications, was achieved by the ion exchange technique over a novel microporous silver selenidostannate, [NH 3 CH 3 ] 0.5 [NH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 ] 0.25 Ag 1.25 SnSe 3 ( AgSnSe-1 ). This material was synthesized in deep eutectic solvent (DES), where the alkylammonium cations play significant structure-directing roles in the construction of micropores that allow for selective ion exchange toward Cs + against Sr 2+ . The much greater K d Cs (1.06 × 10 4 mL g -1 ) over K d Sr (87.7 mL g -1 ) contributes to an outstanding separation factor SF Cs/Sr of ∼121.4 that is top-ranked among inorganic materials. An ion exchange column filled with AgSnSe-1 exhibits a remarkable separation effect for 10 000 bed volumes of continuous flow, with removal rates of ∼99.9% and ∼0 ± 5.5% for Cs + and Sr 2+ , respectively. AgSnSe-1 exhibits excellent β and γ radiation resistances and a chemical stability over a broad pH range of 1-12. The Se leaching level below the safe guideline value for drinking water highlights the environmental-friendly nature of AgSnSe-1 . The high Cs + exchange performance is almost unaffected by Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ cations. The Cs + -laden product AgSnSe-1Cs can be facilely eluted for recycling use, highlighting the great potential of open framework metal selenides in nuclear waste treatment and renewable energy utilization.