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Plant height is an important agronomic trait in rice that affects rice morphogenesis, apical dominance, harvest index and yield. Rice plant height is controlled by genes that lie in a complex regulatory network. At present, many plant heightrelated genes have been identified in rice, among which heterotrimeric G-protein a subunit, RGA1, is an important regulator. RGA1 is involved in cell division and regulates internode cell number, and in the biosynthesis and responses to phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling that regulates stem and internode elongation. Additionally, RGA1 affects rice plant height via the effect on nitrogen uptake and utilization and the interaction with drought stress responses. This review summarizes the progress on the regulation of rice plant height by RGA1 and proposes a focus of future research on the influence of RGA1 on rice plant height. We hope to provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of plant height and the application of RGA1 in the genetic improvement of plant height for a high and stable grain yield in rice production. We also propose new ideas for revealing the integral functions of G-proteins in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To carry out the system design and technology development for emergency communications, and greatly improve our ability of risk prevention and emergency disposal, the research on multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) cooperative channel model for emergency communications was carried out.First, the channel dataset of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications in two typical emergency environments, i.e., the urban earthquake and suburban blizzard, was established.The channel parameters and statistical properties of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were analyzed.Second, a more general geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) was proposed for multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.The channel impulse response (CIR) and the cooperative non-station arity of multi-UAV cooperative channels in the space and time domains in multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were calculated and captured.Finally, the channel characteristics of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communication in urban earthquake and suburban blizzard scenarios were analyzed, which could support the practical implementation of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.Meanwhile, the statistical characteristic of the proposed model can fit well with that of ray-tracing-based channel data, verifying the utility of the proposed model.

In this paper, we report an elderly patient who had been experiencing poor appetite for one month and yellowing of the skin and sclera for two months before visiting the Department of Geriatrics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The patient's blood tests revealed significantly elevated levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and blood sugar. The serum IgG4 level nearly tripled. Abdominal imaging examinations revealed diffuse pancreatic lesions, narrowing of the intrapancreatic segment of the common bile duct, and thickening and marked enhancement of the common hepatic duct, left and right hepatic ducts, and branches. Blood glucose was also significantly elevated during the course of the disease. Moreover, nutritional assessment found that the patient was malnourished. After multidisciplinary discussion, a medium dose of oral methylprednisolone was prescribed to the patient due to his advanced age and multiple chronic conditions. The dose was then quickly reduced while the patient simultaneously received low-dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment. As a result, the patient's bilirubin level significantly decreased, jaundice subsided, and his body weight returned to normal with improved physical function. Throughout the diagnosis and treatment process, a multidisciplinary team actively participated in discussions and gradually identified the underlying cause. This exemplifies the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaboration in effectively diagnosing and treating complex illnesses in elderly patients.

Zeling Huang,* Binjie Lu,* Xianda Zhang,* Jiangping Wang, Xuefeng Cai, Yujiang Liu, Jianxiong Mo, Yuwei Li, Bo Xu, Xiaofeng Shen Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bo Xu; Xiaofeng Shen, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18359146790, Email xubo12080@163.com; 29240818@qq.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Zhiqiao Gancao decoction (ZQGCD) on hyperalgesia in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and its mechanism.Methods: The potential mechanism of ZQGCD’s therapeutic effect on LDH was investigated through network pharmacology, which involved screening the targets of eight components that were absorbed into the bloodstream. The effects of CCR2 inhibitors and ZQGCD-containing serum on the excitability of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn) were investigated in vitro. The effects of CCR2 inhibitors and ZQGCD on the expression of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway and ASIC3 in the rat intervertebral disc and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), the degree of disc degeneration, the threshold of foot retreat, and the latency of foot retreat in LDH rats were examined in vivo. The binding affinities and interaction modes between CCR2 and the components absorbed into the blood were analyzed using the AutodockVina 1.2.2 software.Results: Network pharmacology revealed that ZQGCD could treat LDH through a mechanism involving the chemokine signaling pathway. It was observed that the CCR2 inhibitor and ZQGCD-containing serum downregulated CCR2 and ASIC3 expression and decreased cell excitability in DRGn. The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway was activated in the degenerated intervertebral disc and DRG of LDH rats, increased the expression of ASIC3, and decreased the mechanical allodynia domain and thermal hyperalgesia domain. However, a CCR2 inhibitor or ZQGCD could ameliorate the above changes in LDH rats. The target proteins, CCL2 and CCR2, exhibited a robust affinity for the eight components that were absorbed into the bloodstream.Conclusion: The CCL2/CCR2 pathway was activated in the intervertebral disc and DRG of LDH rats. This was accompanied by upregulation of ASIC3 expression, increased excitability of DRGn, and the occurrence of hyperalgesia. ZQGCD improves hyperalgesia in LDH rats by inhibiting the CCL2/CCR2 pathway and downregulating ASIC3 expression.Keywords: lumbar disc herniation, dorsal root ganglion neurons, hyperalgesia, traditional Chinese medicine, molecular docking

With the increase in ambient temperature around the world in summer, the working environment of cable joints is deteriorating. Based on the finite element method, a simulation model for temperature analysis in a 10 kV three-core cable and the joints is established. The temperature distribution is analyzed under different ambient temperatures and different currents. Firstly, the temperature rise experiments are carried out to obtain a steady temperature on the surface of the cable joint, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. Then, the relationships between the surface temperature and the current of the high voltage current carrying conductor of the joint under different ambient temperatures are fitted. The ultimate safe current carrying capacity of the joint under the different ambient temperatures can be calculated by using these related functions. The results show that the increase of ambient temperature has little effect on the temperature distribution trend of the high voltage conductor surface of the joint, which also meets this rule on the outer surface of the outer sheath. The relation of the surface temperature on the high voltage conductor of the joint to the current is approximately a quadratic function. When the current amplitude is 480 A and the ambient temperature is 75 ℃, the highest temperatures on the surface of the high-voltage current-carrying conductor and the outer surface of the outer sheath are 1.57 and 1.69 times higher respectively than at an ambient temperature of 30 ℃. When the ambient temperature exceeds 55 ℃, the continuous allowable current carrying capacity specified in the national standard can make the high voltage copper conductor of the joint exceed the maximum permitted operating temperature of 90 ℃. Considering the continuous increase in summer ambient temperature since 2020, the continuous allowable current carrying capacity of the intermediate joint of 10 kV copper conductor three-core cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables in the GB needs to be improved and perfected.

Shendong mining area is located in the north of Shaanxi Province and the south of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, with dry climate, sparse precipitation and water resources scarcity. A large amount of mine water produced in the process of coal mining is an important source of production and living water. However, the concentrations of fluoride in mine water in different regions of Shendong mining areas present significant differences, while the concentration is relatively high in some areas. Therefore, the distribution characteristics and genesis of high fluoride mine water was analyzed in this study, which was of great significance for the resource reuse of mine water. Based on the analysis results of 58 groups of mine water quality at different regions in the Shendong mining area, research methods such as mathematical statistics, piper three-line diagram, gibbs diagram, SI simulation, etc. were used. Meanwhile, XRF analysis was conducted on rock cores and coal seam roof rocks collected from different areas to explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of fluorine in mine water at different burial depths in the northeastern and central mining areas. The results showed that the concentration of F- in mine water varied from 0.3 to 13.7 mg/L, with an average value of 4.3 mg/L. The pH value of mine water with higher F- concentration was alkaline. In the horizontal direction, the F- concentration in mine water was higher in the north and southwest of Shendong mining area, while it presented lower in the southeast. The fluorine concentration presented an increasing tendency with the enhancement of mining depth in the vertical direction. The F- concentration of mine water replenished by groundwater in different depths of Yan'an Formation aquifer varied greatly. The lower F- concentration was observed in the Yan'an Formation aquifer with a depth of 80-130 meters , whereas the relatively higher value was shown at the 200-500 meters depth. The trend of fluorine concentration in mine water is not obvious with the changes in the season The XRF analysis of fluorinated minerals in rock samples from the Yan'an Group indicated that the contents of fluorinated minerals in the northern and western central mining areas were relatively higher compared with that in the eastern central mining area. The high F- concentration in mine water had a certain relationship with the hydro-chemical environment. Evaporation and concentration process, cation alternately adsorption, and mineral dissolution caused by water-rock interaction led to the enrichment of F- in groundwater.

Abstract Cisplatin-based nanoparticles show good potential in enhancing the effect of nasopharynx carcinoma (NPC) therapy but are still limited by their low radiation sensitization and poor tumor targeting ability. Herein, an ingenious design of multifunctional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)@polymer hybrid nanosensitizer (SPHN) with enhanced radiosensitization and dual-targeting capability is described. SPHN have a core-shell structure, in which radiosensitizer superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (SPION) and cis-platinum (CDDP) are encapsulated in RGD-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymers. These unique structures endow SPHN with outstanding radiosensitization and tumor targeting abilities. When combined with X-rays, SPHN showed strong promotion of the apoptosis of CNE-1 cells in vitro. In addition, RNA-seq and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways were closely related to the molecular mechanism of SPHN in chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that SPHN + X-rays treatment decreased translation initiation pathways and the cytoplasmic translation pathway. Through a combination of radiation and chemotherapy, SPHN can achieve remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, making this nanotechnology a general platform for the chemoradiation therapy of NPC in the future.

The interlaminar repairing behavior and thermoforming capacity of new carbon fiber reinforced Vitrimer epoxy resin (V-CFRP) composite and corresponding mechanisms were studied. The results reveal that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the new Vitrimer epoxy resin is 92.8 ℃, and it exhibits significant stress relaxation behavior at temperatures higher than Tg. The stress relaxation time exhibits a linear relationship with temperature; The hot-press repair behavior and thermoplastic molding ability of V-CFRP composites were studied using a three-point bending experiment. The hot-press repair study shows that hot pressing at 180-220 ℃ for 1.5-2.0 h and 5 MPa can achieve nearly 100% repair of interlaminar damage in the composite; The bending modulus and bending strength of V-CFRP composites is decreased by more than 80% after pre-heating at 180-220 ℃ for 5-30 min. The significant decrease of bending modulus means that V-CFRP composite is suitable for thermoforming process. Moreover, a V-CFRP part with three-dimensional structure is successfully prepared by thermoforming process under the conditions of 200 ℃, 5 MPa and 2 h, which confirms the thermoforming capacity of V-CFRP composites.

Abstract Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a lethal syndrome of excessive immune activation. We undertook a nationwide study in England of all cases of HLH diagnosed between 2003 and 2018, using linked electronic health data from hospital admissions and death certification. We modelled interactions between demographics and comorbidities and estimated one-year survival by calendar year, age group, gender and comorbidity (haematological malignancy, auto-immune, other malignancy) using Cox regression. There were 1628 people with HLH identified. Overall, crude one-year survival was 50% (95% Confidence interval 48–53%) which varied substantially with age (0–4: 61%; 5–14: 76%; 15–54: 61%; > 55: 24% p 55, 27%) such that among those > 55 years, survival was as poor as for patients with haematological malignancy. One-year survival following a diagnosis of HLH varies considerably by age, gender and associated comorbidity. Survival was better in those with auto-immune diseases among the young and middle age groups compared to those with an underlying malignancy, whereas in older age groups survival was uniformly poor regardless of the underlying disease process.

Junyang Kuai,1 Yawei Zhang,1 Binghuai Lu,2 Hongbin Chen,1 Yulin Zhang,2 Henan Li,1 Yuanyuan Wang,3 Qi Wang,1 Hui Wang,1 Xiaojuan Wang1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaojuan Wang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 010 8832 6310, Email xiaojuanwang@bjmu.edu.cn; curliele@163.comBackground: It is often challenging to select appropriate combination therapies to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) with high-level resistance to carbapenem.Methods: We investigated the in vitro synergistic activity of ceftazidime-avibactam-, polymyxin- or tigecycline-, and meropenem-based combinations using checkerboard assays against 16 CRE including Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2 (CR1-blaKPC-2) and Enterobacter cloacae carrying blaNDM-1 (CR2-blaNDM-1) with meropenem MICs ≥ 128 mg/L. Time-kill assays were used to observe synergistic bactericidal activity.Results: Meropenem in combination with ertapenem, amikacin, tigecycline or polymyxin B, and tigecycline plus ceftazidime-avibactam showed weak synergistic activities against CR1-blaKPC-2 and CR2-blaNDM-1. Polymyxin B combined with tigecycline or ceftazidime-avibactam, and ceftazidime-avibactam plus amikacin showed synergistic effects against two tigecycline-non-susceptible KPC-producers or three ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant NDM-producer, and 50% (5/10) of strains with amikacin MICs ≥ 4096 mg/L, respectively. Synergistic interactions of ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam or meropenem in checkerboard assays were measured for 100% (16/16) and 93.8% (15/16) of strains, respectively. The time-kill assay further verified that the ceftazidime-avibactam combination had the potential to restore aztreonam susceptibility and reduced meropenem MICs to 8 mg/L.Conclusion: Ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam or meropenem could be an effective strategy for treating CRE infections, particularly those with high-level resistance to carbapenems and/or ceftazidime-avibactam.Keywords: ceftazidime-avibactam, checkerboard assays, time-kill assays, synergistic effect, meropenem, aztreonam

This paper addresses the fault-tolerant performance of real-time dual-computer embedded systems. The article first emphasizes the importance of real-time and reliability in various fields and points out that improving fault-tolerant performance is a crucial topic. Based on the Markov chain algorithm, the study optimizes the fault-tolerant integration method for real-time dual-computer embedded systems. By constructing a model of Markov algorithm and using the deadline of the task as a benchmark, the passage and transfer probabilities of faults are calculated. The article also provides algorithmic proofs of fault-tolerant control of Markovian jump systems and calculates their stability levels. The results show that the fault passage rate of the system increases as the number of complex tasks increases, e.g., when the number of complex tasks is 4, the passage rate can reach 90%. In addition, in the scheduling test, it was found that the schedulability of the system increases with the increase in the number of processors. When the number of processors reaches 5, the system's schedulability is 43%. In conclusion, the system fault tolerance optimization method based on Markov algorithm proposed in the article can effectively improve the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.

To do a good job of school ideological and political work and ideology work in the Internet era, it is especially important to integrate the organic integration of Civic and Political teaching and student management. This paper takes H city as an example and establishes an evaluation index system for student management and informationalization of ideological and political teaching. After normalizing and quantifying the indicators, the entropy weight method is used to solve the weights of the indicators, and the coupling coordination degree model is established to judge the integration level of the two informatizations. To investigate the integration factors of the two, the gray correlation coefficient and the degree of correlation between the indicators are derived using the gray correlation method. The results show that the average annual growth rate of the integrated development level between the two is 4.42% and 8.15% during 2011-2020, and the coupling degree is higher on the whole, with an average of 0.8994, and the coupling degree of coordination is also on the trend of increasing year by year. The gray correlation between the two is high, in which the correlation between the working mechanism of cooperative education in the informatization of the work of Civic Teaching and the quality of practice indicators and student management reaches 0.7806 and 0.7876. To diversify, it is necessary to develop the integration of student management and Civic Teaching based on the research in this paper.

In recent years, the problem of food adulteration has become increasingly rampant, seriously hindering the development of food production, consumption, and management. The common analytical methods used to determine food authenticity present challenges, such as complicated analysis processes and time-consuming procedures, necessitating the development of rapid, efficient analysis technology for food authentication. Spectroscopic techniques, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), electronic sensors, and DNA-based technology have gradually been applied for food authentication due to advantages such as rapid analysis and simple operation. This paper summarizes the current research on rapid food authenticity analysis technology from three perspectives, including breeds or species determination, quality fraud detection, and geographical origin identification, and introduces chemometrics method adapted to rapid analysis techniques. It aims to promote the development of rapid analysis technology in the food authenticity field.

As coal resources are gradually being extracted at depth, the overlying strata movement behavior and stress environment become complex and violent, leading to the frequent triggering of strong dynamic hazards. To promote the productivity and effectiveness of mining activities, this paper investigated the evolution characteristics of overburden structure and stress in deep mining by using theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring, and numerical simulation. Based on key strata theory, key layers were determined, and how their movement states have a controlling effect on surface subsidence was analyzed. The evolution process of the overburden spatial structure in deep mining was revealed, which was consistent with the “O-X” type structure. The surrounding rock stress at the working face has gone through three stages, violent change, slow increase, and fluctuant increase, and strong strata behaviors appear because of the fracture and collapse of key layers. The goaf will have a significant effect on the structure, stress, and deformation of the overlying rock, which results in a larger deformation of the surrounding rock within the vicinity. The narrow coal pillar fails to maintain the stability of the overburden structure when the stress exceeds the bearing capacity. The deformation law of the surrounding rock at the roadway was studied, concluding that the existence of the goaf leads to a further increase in deformation.

The surface subsidence caused by the coal seam mining seriously affects the ecology of the mining area. Compared with the single-coal seam mining, the mechanism of the overburden fracture and crack propagation caused by multi-coal seams mining is more complex, which has not been fully understood. Taking the 22,108 and 42,108 working faces of Buertai Coal Mine as a research object, the discrete element method is used to simulate the migration and failure characteristics of overlying strata, and the propogation of cracks in the process of multi-coal seams mining is also been investigated. So many cracks develop in the soft strata overlying the coal seam, and they cross each other and form a complex fracture system. The hard layer produces staggered cracks with a large size, mainly high-angle longitudinal cracks. The surface subsidence curve of the single coal seam mining shows a wide and slow “bowl” type, and the surface subsidence curve of the double coal seams mining show a “funnel” type with only one inflection point. The overburden structure disturbance caused by the previous coal seam and rock cracking—settlement have great influence on the mining of the latter coal seam. The research results are basically consistent with the field data comparison, which could provide a reference for the related research and engineering practice of shallow-buried double coal seam mining.

The binding capacity of 10 flavonoids with okra seed protein (OSP) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of flavonoids had an obvious impact on binding performance. The binding ability of flavanone was lower than that of flavone, isoflavone and dihydrochalcone. The binding capacity of flavonoid glycoside was superior to that of the corresponding flavonoid aglycone. The binding ability was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring. The steric field and electrostatic field model constructed by 3D-QSAR method could well explain the above interaction behavior. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the quenching mechanism of OSP caused by flavonoids was static quenching, and the binding-site number was 1. In addition, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force dominated this interaction. The 3D and synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that there was no significant change in the polarity of the environment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues during binding.

Membrane separation technology provides an alternative to traditional thermally driven separations, owing to its advantages including low cost, energy-savings and environmental friendliness. However, the current membrane technology for gas separations using polymeric materials suffers the challenge of gas permeability-selectivity trade-offs. To overcome this hurdle, high-separation performance hybrid membranes are developed herein using microporous UiO-66-(OH)2 and PIM-1. Due to the stable interfacial hydrogen bonding, the MOF loading crosses the percolation threshold in hybrid membranes, and dual-path transport mechanisms govern the gas diffusion. Accordingly, the hybrid membranes with 40 wt% MOF loading exhibit a H2 permeability up to 9167.6 Barrer, transcending the 2008 H2/CH4 and H2/N2 Robeson upper bounds. Compared to neat PIM-1 membranes with a H2 permeability of 2378.3 Barrer, the H2 permeability of hybrid membranes increases over 285%, demonstrating ultra-high gas permeability. The design approach of hybrid membranes provides a viable pathway for the manufacture of hydrogen-bonded hybrid membranes with potential applications for hydrogen separation and CO2 capture.

BackgroundThere are more than 350,000 digital health interventions (DHIs) in the app stores. To ensure that they are effective and safe to use, they should be assessed for compliance with best practice standards. ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to examine and compare the compliance of DHIs with best practice standards and adherence to user experience (UX), professional and clinical assurance (PCA), and data privacy (DP). MethodsWe collected assessment data from 1574 DHIs using the Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Apps Baseline Review (OBR) assessment tool. As part of the assessment, each DHI received a score out of 100 for each of the abovementioned areas (ie, UX, PCA, and DP). These 3 OBR scores are combined to make up the overall ORCHA score (a proxy for quality). Inferential statistics, probability distributions, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Cliff delta, and Dunn tests were used to conduct the data analysis. ResultsWe found that 57.3% (902/1574) of the DHIs had an Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Apps (ORCHA) score below the threshold of 65. The overall median OBR score (ORCHA score) for all DHIs was 61.5 (IQR 51.0-73.0) out of 100. A total of 46.2% (12/26) of DHI’s health care domains had a median equal to or above the ORCHA threshold score of 65. For the 3 assessment areas (UX, DP, and PCA), DHIs scored the highest for the UX assessment 75.2 (IQR 70.0-79.6), followed by DP 65.1 (IQR 55.0-73.4) and PCA 49.6 (IQR 31.9-76.1). UX scores had the least variance (SD 13.9), while PCA scores had the most (SD 24.8). Respiratory and urology DHIs were consistently highly ranked in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Evidence Standards Framework tiers B and C based on their ORCHA score. ConclusionsThere is a high level of variability in the ORCHA scores of DHIs across different health care domains. This suggests that there is an urgent need to improve compliance with best practices in some health care areas. Possible explanations for the observed differences might include varied market maturity and commercial interests within the different health care domains. More investment to support the development of higher-quality DHIs in areas such as ophthalmology, allergy, women’s health, sexual health, and dental care may be needed.

The morphology and physical properties of thin films deposited by vapor condensation on solid surfaces are predominantly set by the processes of island nucleation, growth, and coalescence. When deposition is performed using pulsed vapor fluxes, three distinct nucleation regimes are known to exist depending on the temporal profile of the flux. These regimes can be accessed by tuning deposition conditions; however, their effect on film microstructure becomes marginal when coalescence sets in and erases morphological features obtained during nucleation. By preventing coalescence from being completed, these nucleation regimes can be used to control microstructure evolution and thus access a larger palette of film morphological features. Recently, we derived the quantitative criterion to stop coalescence during continuous metal vapor flux deposition on insulating surfaces-which typically yields 3-dimensional growth-by describing analytically the competition between island growth by atomic incorporation and the coalescence rate of islands [Lü et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 163107 (2014)]. Here, we develop the analytical framework for entering a coalescence-free growth regime for metal vapor deposition on insulating substrates using pulsed vapor fluxes, showing that there exist three distinct criteria for suppressing coalescence that correspond to the three nucleation regimes of pulsed vapor flux deposition. The theoretical framework developed herein is substantiated by kinetic Monte Carlo growth simulations. Our findings highlight the possibility of using atomistic nucleation theory for pulsed vapor deposition to control morphology of thin films beyond the point of island density saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, well-posedness for two types of bilevel vector equilibrium problems with variable domination structures are introduced and studied. With the help of cosmically upper continuity or Hausdorff upper semi-continuity for variable domination structures, sufficient and necessary conditions are given for such problems to be Levitin-Polyak (LP) well-posed and LP well-posedness in the generalized sense. As variable domination structure is a valid generalization of fixed one, the main results obtained in this article extend and develop some recent works in the literature.

Bin Lu,1 Xinling Pan,2 Bin Wang,3 Chenyuan Jin,1 Chenxin Liu,1 Mengqi Wang,4 Yunzhen Shi1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yunzhen Shi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuningxi Road, Dongyang, People’s Republic of China, Email syzwylwmc@163.comPurpose: We attempted to establish a model for predicting the mortality risk of sepsis patients during hospitalization.Patients and Methods: Data on patients with sepsis were collected from a clinical record mining database, who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2013 and August 2022. These included patients were divided into modeling and validation groups. In the modeling group, the independent risk factors of death during hospitalization were determined using univariate and multi-variate regression analyses. After stepwise regression analysis (both directions), a nomogram was drawn. The discrimination ability of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the GiViTI calibration chart assessed the model calibration. The Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the prediction model. Among the validation group, the logistic regression model was compared to the models established by the SOFA scoring system, random forest method, and stacking method.Results: A total of 1740 subjects were included in this study, 1218 in the modeling population and 522 in the validation population. The results revealed that serum cholinesterase, total bilirubin, respiratory failure, lactic acid, creatinine, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide were the independent risk factors of death. The AUC values in the modeling group and validation group were 0.847 and 0.826. The P values of calibration charts in the two population sets were 0.838 and 0.771. The DCA curves were above the two extreme curves. Moreover, the AUC values of the models established by the SOFA scoring system, random forest method, and stacking method in the validation group were 0.777, 0.827, and 0.832, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram model established by combining multiple risk factors could effectively predict the mortality risk of sepsis patients during hospitalization.Keywords: severe sepsis, mortality risk prediction, nomogram, SOFA, random forest, stacking

Response rates to immunotherapies in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still limited. Here the authors show that tumor-restricted CD70 correlates with regulatory T cell abundance and suppressive activity in NPC and that CD70 blockade improves response to anti-PD1 in preclinical models.

Objective·To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (Kegel training) on the rehabilitation of pelvic floor function within 1 year after delivery.Methods·From January to April 2020, primiparas with different degrees of urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse were selected and divided into exercise group (147 cases) and control group (194 cases). The exercise group received Kegel training at 6 weeks of the postpartum period, while the control group received general postpartum health education only. At 6 weeks and 1 year after delivery, these postpartum women in the two groups were investigated with the general information questionnaire and International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The pelvic floor muscle strength was measured (the pelvic floor muscle strength grade>Ⅲ indicates normal muscle strength). The pelvic organ prolapsed quantitation (POP-Q) score was assigned accordingly. The urinary incontinence score, pelvic floor muscle strength and pelvic floor organ prolapse were compared between the two groups, and the effect of pelvic floor muscle training was evaluated.Results·In the exercise group, 20 postpartum women lost contact during follow up sections, and 28 women in the control group were unable to be contacted within 1 year. In the exercise group, the proportion of women with normal pelvic floor muscle strength at 1 year postpartum was significantly higher than that at 6 weeks postpartum (56.0% vs 34.7%, P=0.000), and the incidence of incontinence at 1 year postpartum was significantly lower than that at 6 weeks postpartum (25.2% vs 36.7%, P=0.040). In the control group, the proportion of women with normal pelvic floor muscle strength at 1 year postpartum was significantly higher than that at 6 weeks postpartum (43.4% vs 32.5%, P=0.033), and the incidence of incontinence at 1 year postpartum was significantly lower than that at 6 weeks postpartum (17.5% vs 28.9%, P=0.011). At 1 year postpartum, the proportion of women with normal pelvic floor muscle strength in the exercise group was higher than that in the control group (56.0% vs 43.4%, P=0.033). The improvement rate of muscle strength in the exercise group was higher than that in control group (50.4% vs 35.5%, P=0.011). There was no significant difference in the improvement rate of pelvic organ prolapse and frequency of urinary incontinence between the exercise group and the control group (P>0.05).Conclusion·Postpartum pelvic floor muscle training can improve pelvic floor muscle strength, but has no significant effect on improving pelvic floor dysfunction in the current samples. The urinary incontinence condition and pelvic floor muscle strength of women improve 1 year after delivery, indicating that there is a mechanism for self recovery of pelvic floor muscle, but it may take a long time.

Hot air drying is the key link of bulk grain and agricultural product processing. Because of the adjustment of national environmental protection and energy utilization policies in the new era, it is required to research and develop the energy saving technology of hot air drying for agricultural product. The current research is mostly limited to practical work tracking and empirical design, and there are also numerical calculations by heat and mass transfer theory. However these approaches have some limitations. Physical simulation is an effective potential method. In the process of studying the condensation increasing efficiency and energy saving technology, this paper has developed a test system which can simulate the actual hot air drying recycling energy. It has multi-parameter adjustable, graphical display drying state, energy consumption monitoring and other functions, and it can also provide effective means to study energy saving technology of hot air drying of agricultural product. The corn drying test for this system showed that energy recycling energy-saving drying could save energy 32%~56% when compared with ordinary open hot air drying.

Tao Zhang,1 Beiyin Lu,1 Yang Song,2 Minyan Chen3 1Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical Insurance Department, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yang Song; Minyan Chen, Email songyang@hust.edu.cn; yinyangyuqing2021@163.comPurpose: China developed an innovative episode-based payment scheme for outpatient care, namely “Ambulatory Patient Groups (APGs) + capitation” payment, to constrain inflation in outpatient expenditures. This study aimed to assess the effects of this payment method on volume and expenditures in Chinese public hospitals.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 7 municipal and 12 county hospitals from Jinhua as the intervention group and 15 municipal and 24 county hospitals from three neighbouring cities as the control group. The payment reform was introduced to municipal and county hospitals in the intervention group in January 2020 and January 2021, respectively. Monthly data on volumes and outpatient expenditures were collected from each hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Controlled interrupted time-series analyses were performed to determine the effects of the funding reforms.Results: Outpatient visits in municipal hospitals decreased by 1417.54 (p=0.048) per month on average compared with control ones after the reform was implemented, whilst that in county hospitals increased by 1058.04 (p=0.041) per month on average. The trend of drug expenditures (β7=− 1.41, p=0.019) in municipal hospitals dropped, which was accompanied by an immediate reduction in consumable expenditures (β6 =− 6.89, p=0.044). The funding reform also led to the significant declines in drug (β6=− 10.96, p=0.009) and consumable (β6=− 4.78, p=0.041) expenditures in county hospitals. Municipal hospitals experienced the drop in the trend of total outpatient expenditures (β7=− 3.99, p=0.018) over the same period.Conclusion: The strength of the “AGPs + capitation” payment for outpatient care lies in its ability to control the excessive growth of medical expenses through correcting inappropriate incentives. However, minimising potential cost-shifting and risk-shifting to uninsured service items should be given attention.Keywords: Ambulatory Patient Groups, capitation, public hospital, outpatient care, China

Investigating the causal relationship between exposure and time-to-event outcome is an important topic in biomedical research. Previous literature has discussed the potential issues of using hazard ratio (HR) as the marginal causal effect measure due to noncollapsibility. In this article, we advocate using restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference as a marginal causal effect measure, which is collapsible and has a simple interpretation as the difference of area under survival curves over a certain time horizon. To address both measured and unmeasured confounding, a matched design with sensitivity analysis is proposed. Matching is used to pair similar treated and untreated subjects together, which is generally more robust than outcome modeling due to potential misspecifications. Our propensity score matched RMST difference estimator is shown to be asymptotically unbiased, and the corresponding variance estimator is calculated by accounting for the correlation due to matching. Simulation studies also demonstrate that our method has adequate empirical performance and outperforms several competing methods used in practice. To assess the impact of unmeasured confounding, we develop a sensitivity analysis strategy by adapting the E-value approach to matched data. We apply the proposed method to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) to examine the causal effect of smoking on stroke-free survival.

Abstract Accurate forecasting of hospital outpatient visits is beneficial to the rational planning and allocation of medical resources to meet medical needs. Several studies have suggested that outpatient visits are related to meteorological environmental factors. We aimed to use the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to analyze the relationship between meteorological environmental factors and outpatient visits. Also, outpatient visits can be forecast for the future period. Monthly outpatient visits and meteorological environmental factors were collected from January 2015 to July 2021. An ARIMAX model was constructed by incorporating meteorological environmental factors as covariates to the ARIMA model, by evaluating the stationary $${R}^{2}$$ R 2 , coefficient of determination $${R}^{2}$$ R 2 , mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and normalized Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The ARIMA $${(0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 0)}_{12}$$ ( 0 , 1 , 1 ) ( 0 , 1 , 0 ) 12 model with the covariates of $$\text{SO}_{2}$$ SO 2 , $${PM}_{2.5}$$ PM 2.5 , and $$\text{CO}$$ CO was the optimal model. Monthly outpatient visits in 2019 can be predicted using average data from past years. The relative error between the predicted and actual values for 2019 was 2.77%. Our study suggests that $$\text{SO}_{2}$$ SO 2 , $${PM}_{2.5}$$ PM 2.5 , and $$\text{CO}$$ CO concentration have a significant impact on outpatient visits. The model built has excellent predictive performance and can provide some references for the scientific management of hospitals to allocate staff and resources.

Abstract Convolution neural networks have been widely used in the field of computer vision, which effectively solve practical problems. However, the loss function with fixed parameters will affect the training efficiency and even lead to poor prediction accuracy. In particular, when there is a class imbalance in the data, the final result tends to favor the large‐class. In detection and recognition problems, the large‐class will dominate due to its quantitative advantage, and the features of few‐class can be not fully learned. In order to learn few‐class, batch nuclear‐norm maximization is introduced to the deep neural networks, and the mechanism of the adaptive composite loss function is established to increase the diversity of the network and thus improve the accuracy of prediction. The proposed loss function is added to the crowd counting, and verified on ShanghaiTech and UCF_CC_50 datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed loss function improves the prediction accuracy and convergence speed of deep neural networks.

The initial formation stages (i.e., island nucleation, island growth, and island coalescence) set characteristic length scales during growth of thin films from the vapor phase. They are, thus, decisive for morphological and microstructural features of films and nanostructures. Each of the initial formation stages has previously been well-investigated separately for the case of Volmer- Weber growth, but knowledge on how and to what extent each stage individually and all together affect the microstructural evolution is still lacking. Here, we address this question using growth of Ag on SiO2 from pulsed vapor fluxes as a case study. By combining in situ growth monitoring, ex situ imaging and growth simulations we systematically study the growth evolution all the way from nucleation to formation of a continuous film and establish the effect of the vapor flux time domain on the scaling behaviour of characteristic growth transitions (elongation transition, percolation and continuous film formation). Our data reveal a pulsing frequency dependence for the characteristic film growth transitions, where the nominal transition thickness decreases with increasing pulsing frequency up to a certain value after which a steady-state behaviour is observed. The scaling behaviour is shown to result from differences in island sizes and densities, as dictated by the initial film formation stages. These differences are determined solely by the interplay between the characteristics of the vapor flux and time required for island coalescence to be completed. In particular, our data provide evidence that the steady-state scaling regime of the characteristic growth transitions is caused by island growth that hinders coalescence from being completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of ballistic target analysis, micro-motion attributes, such as warhead precession, nutation, and decoy oscillations, play a pivotal role. This paper addresses these critical aspects by introducing an advanced analytical model for assessing the Doppler power spectra of convex quadric revolution bodies during precession. Our model is instrumental in calculating the Doppler shifts pertinent to both precession and swing cones. Additionally, it extends to delineate the Doppler power spectra for configurations involving cones and sphere–cone combinations. A key aspect of our study is the exploration of the effects exerted by geometric parameters and observation angles on the Doppler spectra, offering a comparative perspective of various micro-motion forms. The simulations distinctly demonstrate how different micro-motion patterns of a cone influence the Doppler power spectra and underscore the significance of geometric parameters and observational angles in shaping these spectra. This research not only contributes to enhancing LIDAR target identification methodologies but also lays a groundwork for future explorations into complex micro-motions like nutation.

Revealing the water use pattern of plants influenced by coal-mining-caused land subsidence is crucial to understand plant–water interactions and guide ecological restoration. However, available information on herbaceous plants, the dominant species in most arid and semi-arid regions with abundant coal resources, remains inadequate. We investigated the water use patterns of Stipa bungeana Trin. by measuring soil water content, root distribution, and stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) of soil water and plant stem water both before and after a rainfall event. The results revealed that prior to rainfall, both areas exhibited a low soil water content with no discernible difference in soil drought. However, the soil waters δ2H and δ18O were found to be more enriched at varying depths within the subsidence area, indicating a heightened level of soil evaporation. Both soil water content and soil water isotopic composition responded sensitively to rainfall, with rainfall primarily replenishing the shallow layer (0–20 cm), thereby reflecting an infiltration mode dominated by piston flow. More water seeped into deeper soil layers in the subsidence area compared to the non-subsidence area, with more preferential flow. Before rainfall, the sources of plant water uptake were consistent both at shallow and deep soil layers, implying that the proportion of water uptake gradually decreased with increasing depth. After rainfall, the sources of plant water uptake differed slightly between the two soil layers. The plants in non-subsidence and subsidence areas dominantly extracted soil water at depths greater than 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The root system in the subsidence area was more developed than that in the non-subsidence area. Plant water uptake was primarily influenced by the spatial distribution of roots, as well as the post-rainfall water distribution, regardless of whether they were in the subsidence area or not. Although land subsidence affected soil water transport, the water uptake pattern of Stipa bungeana Trin. was similar before and after rainfall, indicating the adaptive growth of plants through their roots in the subsidence area. The high adaptability of herbs such as Stipa bungeana Trin. makes them a viable option for vegetation restoration in subsidence areas. This study has significant implications for evaluating plant–water relationships in subsidence areas due to coal mining, thereby providing a fundamental basis and valuable reference for ecological restoration and management strategies within such affected regions.

Metal-organic frameworks are becoming increasingly important in electrocatalysis as the hydrogen production sector grows. However, their electrocatalytic capability is limited by their inclination to agglomerate and the insufficient exposure of active sites. In this work, a three-step strategy was used to develop a bifunctional electrocatalyst with porous Prussian blue analogs supported on carbon nanofibers. The use of electrospun carbon nanofibers as conductive substrates can successfully address the problem of easy aggregation. Moreover, the etching procedure with tannic acid creates a porous structure that effectively regulates the electrical structure and exposes additional active sites. The resulting catalyst performs well in both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction, and also exhibits good stability in overall water splitting. The findings of this study present new concepts for the design and fabrication of metal-organic frameworks-based materials in the realm of electrocatalysis.

Remote sensing images change detection technology has become a popular tool for monitoring the change type, area, and distribution of land cover, including cultivated land, forest land, photovoltaic, roads, and buildings. However, traditional methods which rely on pre-annotation and on-site verification are time-consuming and challenging to meet timeliness requirements. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, this paper proposes an automatic change detection model and a crowdsourcing collaborative framework. The framework uses human-in-the-loop technology and an active learning approach to transform the manual interpretation method into a human-machine collaborative intelligent interpretation method. This low-cost and high-efficiency framework aims to solve the problem of weak model generalization caused by the lack of annotated data in change detection. The proposed framework can effectively incorporate expert domain knowledge and reduce the cost of data annotation while improving model performance. To ensure data quality, a crowdsourcing quality control model is constructed to evaluate the annotation qualification of the annotators and check their annotation results. Furthermore, a prototype of automatic detection and crowdsourcing collaborative annotation management platform is developed, which integrates annotation, crowdsourcing quality control, and change detection applications. The proposed framework and platform can help natural resource departments monitor land cover changes efficiently and effectively.

Agricultural products may deteriorate due to various reasons during storage and transportation, resulting in serious losses. However, the mechanism of deterioration is complex, and many mechanisms are currently unclear. In recent years, the rapid development of omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, has led to breakthroughs in exploring the mechanism of product quality changes during the storage and transportation of agricultural products, and also help to understand molecular mechanisms. By using omics technology to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in agricultural products during storage and transportation, more efficient, environmentally friendly, and resource saving storage and transportation methods can be developed, providing a research foundation for the sustainability of China’s agricultural food system. In addition, research on omics technology has provided theoretical support for screening more suitable storage methods and transportation conditions. This review presents the potential application omics technologies in agricultural product storage and transportation. The application examples of omics technology in the storage and transportation process of agricultural products were discussed. Finally, the prospects indicate that omics technology has unlimited potential.

Despite the fact that low-dimensional carbons (LDCs, 1D/2D) materials are very interesting due to their intriguing electrical properties, we still attempt to enrich them by high N-content in order to enjoy their electro-applications. We here report a template-free synthesis of 1D/2D LDC with high N content (>40 ​at%) and tunable aspect ratios from molecular formamide (FA). The 1D/2D LDC is in polyaminoimidazole as confirmed by pair distribution function analysis, and 1D growth mode can be altered to 2D by simply adding a 2D-guiding molecule of melamine. Electrochemical properties of the LDC can be finely tuned by adjusting the solvothermal temperature and melamine dosage. It is revealed that the optimal 2D LDC delivers superior O2-to-H2O2 yield (687.2 ​mmol·g−1⋅h−1) and Faradic efficiency (87.5%). Considering the heavy N content and high adjustability of aspect ratio, the FA-derived LDCs potentially open new synthesis routes for structural carbon materials for broad electrochemical applications.

Clostridium butyricum is known as a probiotic butyric acid bacterium that can improve the intestinal environment. In this study, we isolated a new strain of C. butyricum from infant feces and evaluated its physiological characteristics and antiviral efficacy by modulating the innate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The isolated C. butyricum S-45-5 showed typical characteristics of C. butyricum including bile acid resistance, antibacterial ability, and growth promotion of various lactic acid bacteria. As an antiviral effect, C. butyricum S-45-5 markedly reduced the replication of influenza A virus (PR8), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. This suppression can be explained by the induction of antiviral state in cells by the induction of antiviral, IFN-related genes and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, oral administration of C. butyricum S-45-5 exhibited prophylactic effects on BALB/c mice against fatal doses of highly pathogenic mouse-adapted influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H9N2). Before challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed increased levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12 in serum, the small intestine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which correlated with observed prophylactic effects. Interestingly, after challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and relatively higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines at day 7 post-infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that C. butyricum S-45-5 plays an antiviral role in vitro and in vivo by inducing an antiviral state and affects immune modulation to alleviate local and systemic inflammatory responses caused by influenza virus infection. Our study provides the beneficial effects of the new C. butyricum S-45-5 with antiviral effects as a probiotic.

Visual–tactile fusion information plays a crucial role in robotic object classification. The fusion module in existing visual–tactile fusion models directly splices visual and tactile features at the feature layer; however, for different objects, the contributions of visual features and tactile features to classification are different. Moreover, direct concatenation may ignore features that are more beneficial for classification and will also increase computational costs and reduce model classification efficiency. To utilize object feature information more effectively and further improve the efficiency and accuracy of robotic object classification, we propose a visual–tactile fusion object classification method based on adaptive feature weighting in this article. First, a lightweight feature extraction module is used to extract the visual and tactile features of each object. Then, the two feature vectors are input into an adaptive weighted fusion module. Finally, the fused feature vector is input into the fully connected layer for classification, yielding the categories and physical attributes of the objects. In this article, extensive experiments are performed with the Penn Haptic Adjective Corpus 2 public dataset and the newly developed Visual-Haptic Adjective Corpus 52 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that for the public dataset Penn Haptic Adjective Corpus 2, our method achieves a value of 0.9750 in terms of the area under the curve. Compared with the highest area under the curve obtained by the existing state-of-the-art methods, our method improves by 1.92%. Moreover, compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves the best results in training time and inference time; while for the novel Visual-Haptic Adjective Corpus 52 dataset, our method achieves values of 0.9827 and 0.9850 in terms of the area under the curve and accuracy metrics, respectively. Furthermore, the inference time reaches 1.559 s/sheet, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The self-assembled structures of coix seeds affected the enzymatic efficiency and doesn‘t facilitate the release of more active peptides. The influence of heating combined with ultrasound pretreatment (HT + US) on the structure, enzymatic properties and hydrolysates (CHPs) of coix seed prolamin was investigated. Results showed that the structural of coix seed prolamins has changed after HT + US, including increased surface hydrophobicity, reduced α-helix and random coil content, and a decrease in particle size. So that, leads to changes in thermodynamic parameters such as an increase in the reaction rate constant and a decrease in activation energy, enthalpy and enthalpy. The fractions of

Weathered bedrock aquifer is the main water-filled aquifer for coal mining in Jurassic coalfields in northern Shaanxi. The regional prediction of the water richness of weathered bedrock aquifer is the key to mine water control. Taking the central and western part of Hongliulin Minefield as the research area, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the water-richness of the weathered bedrock, the thickness of the weathered bedrock, the core removal rate, the degree of weathering, the combination of lithology, the top elevation of the weathered bedrock and the sand base ratio are selected to use as the discriminant indexes, 41 groups of effective weathered bedrock borehole pumping test data in the study area are used as training samples and verification samples with a 3∶1 random allocation method to construct a water-rich Bayes discriminant analysis model. This model is used to predict the water richness category of weathered bedrock that has not been drilled for pumping test in the central and western part of Hongliulin Minefield, and the water richness prediction diagram of weathered bedrock is obtained. The results show that the overall water-rich water in the western first panel of the study area is relatively strong, and the spatial distribution of strong water-rich area is uneven. Most areas of the north second panel and the south second panel have relatively weak water richness, and the extremely weak water rich areas are distributed in the southeast. By comparing with the actual production of the working face water inflow and the location of the water outlet point, the prediction result of the water-rich zone is consistent with the actual situation.

For improving the mobility and obstacle climbing ability of the bionic gecko, a bionic moving joint configuration in legged style with two degrees of freedom is designed and developed. Based on the principle of mechanism, the sucker, steering engine and planar linkage, etc. are organically integrated with gecko morphology, and 3D solid modeling of the joint components based on features is constructed, which realize the motion function simulation of the legged joint on the basis of profiling design. The correctness and feasibility of the transmission design are verified through the trajectory simulation of the large and small leg joints. At the same time, the swing angle（0～73°） and obstacle climbing height（＞30 mm） of the bionic joint are analyzed. The results of static analysis show that the bionic joint under different load-bearing environments（such as flat ground, hang upside down, vertical wall） can meet the design requirements of strength and stiffness. The experimental test of the bionic gecko shows that the legged joint has not only stable movement and reliable force transmission performance, but also good bionic mobility. This study provides an new ideas for the mobile technology exploration of bionic gecko.

The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in coal mining areas and its formation are of great significance to groundwater protection in mining areas and the identification of mine water inrush water sources. This paper takes the Quaternary aquifer, Cretaceous Luohe Formation, Jurassic Anding Formation and Zhiluo Formation aquifer groundwater as research objects in the Yushenfu Mining Area in northern Shaanxi. The chemical characteristics and formation of groundwater were analyzed by comprehensive use of statistical analysis, Piper's three-line diagram, isotope, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio relationship. The results show that the groundwater in this mining area is weakly alkaline fresh water. In the groundwater of quaternary, cretaceous Luohe Formation and Jurassic Zhiluo Formation （weathered bedrock）, the cation is mainly Ca2+, and the anion is mainly HCO3 −. In the groundwater of Jurassic Anding Formation, the cation is mainly K++Na+, and the anion is HCO3 −. In the groundwater of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation （normal bedrock）, the cation is mainly K++Na+, and the anion is mainly SO4 2−. TDS in the groundwater of each aquifer is significantly correlated with major ions. In the normal bedrock groundwater of the Luohe Formation and the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the spatial distribution of ions was quite different. Through isotope analysis and dissolution analysis, there is a hydraulic connection between the fourth series and the weathered bedrock aquifer of the Zhiluo Formation. The formation of main ions in groundwater in the study area is controlled by rock weathering, and the main ions are derived from the dissolution of carbonate, silicate, and sulfate minerals, and are affected by the alternating adsorption of K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations. The results of this study can provide some reference for the protection and rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in the Yushenfu Mining Area.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test(FIT) and risk-adapted screening strategies in population-based colorectal cancer screening. Methods Based on the randomized controlled trial of colorectal cancer screening(TARGET-C) which was carried out in 6 centers of 5 provinces in China from May 2018 to May 2021, the participants who met the inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to one of the following screening intervention groups in a ratio of 1∶2∶2, which were colonoscopy group, FIT group and risk-adapted screening group(participants evaluated to be at high risk were recommended to undertake colonoscopy, those at low risk were recommended to undertake FIT and FIT positive people received colonoscopy). The 3 groups received different schemes of colorectal cancer screening, in which the colonoscopy group only received baseline screening, whereas the FIT group and the risk-adapted screening group received annual follow-up screening on the basis of baseline screening. The main outcome was the detection rate for advanced colorectal neoplasm(including colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma). The participation rate, detection rate for any neoplasm and resource load of colonoscopy among different screening groups were further analyzed. Results A total of 19 373 participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, including 8082 males(41.7%) and 11 291 females(58.3%), with an average age of (60.5±6.5) years. Among them, 3883 were in the colonoscopy group, 7793 in the FIT group, and 7697 in the risk-adapted screening group. After 1 or 3 rounds of screening(2 rounds of follow-up screening completed in FIT group and risk-adapted screening group), the overall participation was the highest for the FIT group(99.3%), followed by the risk-adapted screening group(89.2%) and the coloscopy group(42.3%). According to the intention-to-treat analysis, the detection rates of advanced neoplasm in the colonoscopy group was higher than that in the FIT group(2.76% vs. 2.17%, ORcolonoscopy vs FIT=1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.65, P=0.037); there were no statistically significant differences regarding the detection rates of advanced neoplasm between the colonoscopy group and the risk-adapted screening group(2.76% vs. 2.35%, ORcolonoscopy vs risk-adapted screening=1.19, 95% CI: 0.93-1.51, P=0.156), and between the risk-adapted screening group and the FIT group(2.35% vs. 2.17%, ORrisk-adapted screening vs FIT=1.09, 95% CI: 0.88-1.34, P=0.440). The number of colonoscopies needed to be performed to detect one advanced neoplasm was used as an indicator to evaluate the resource load of colonoscopy. The number was the highest for the coloscopy group(15.4), followed by the risk-adapted screening group(10.2) and the FIT group(7.8). Conclusions The risk-adapted screening strategy is feasible and effective in population-based colorectal cancer screening, and could serve as an effective supplement to the traditional colonoscopy and FIT-based colorectal cancer screening strategies.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are rare premalignant neoplasms of the pancreas typically found as single lesions in the pancreatic body and tail of women in the fifth and sixth decade of life, constituting 2–5% of pancreatic neoplasms. We present a 50-year-old female patient with a large tail mass of the pancreatic body (size of 15 cm × 12 cm) with elevated tumor indicators. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large cystic lesion with septa and wall nodules. During the operation, the tumor capsule wall adhered to the left half colon and mesentery and could not be detached. Splenectomy and left hemicolectomy were performed. The postoperative pathological examination of the specimens confirmed a premalignant pancreatic mucous cystic tumor with moderate heterocytosis. The preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic MCN and MCN with invasive carcinoma is discussed, considering the characteristics of this case. Age, tumor size, texture, tumor marker elevation, and cystic wall condition are important characteristics of malignant MCN. Nevertheless, it is still very difficult to determine accurately whether an MCN is malignant or not before an actual pathological examination of the resected specimen.

As an emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the fastest developing technologies in the advanced manufacturing field with the continuous expansion of its applications. The development of AM industry provides a valuable opportunity for the development of modern manufacturing and the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing. In this paper, developmental trends of the AM technology and industry in China and abroad are systematically summarized, and problems faced by China’s AM industry are analyzed, including inadequate research and development capabilities regarding common technologies and basic devices, lack of effective patent layout for the international market, and insufficient development of industrial scale and clusters. Focusing on a prospective layout of the AM industry, key development directions are proposed, including AM for biomedicine and medical devices, large-scale complex components, space, structural innovation, and new materials. Furthermore, several suggestions are put forward. First, an AM collaborative innovation mechanism should be established to support application innovation of enterprises. Second, special research plans on AM process reforms should be implemented to satisfy the demand for major high-end equipment. Third, the construction of regional AM industrial clusters should be promoted.

Qingsong Li,1– 3,&ast; Cheng Hu,1– 3,&ast; Shengfa Su,1– 3 Zhu Ma,1,2 Yichao Geng,1– 3 Yinxiang Hu,1– 3 Huiqin Li,1,2 Bing Lu1– 3 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Teaching and Research Department of Oncology, Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bing Lu, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 1 Beijing Road West, Guiyang, 550004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-851-86513076, Email lbgymaaaa@163.comPurpose: The impact of primary tumour radiotherapy on the prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with controlled malignant pleural effusion (MPE-C) (MPE-C-NSCLC) is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of primary tumor radiotherapy in patients with MPE-C-NSCLC.Patients and Methods: A total of 186 patients with MPE-C-NSCLC were enrolled and divided into two groups. The patients in the D group were treated with only drugs. Those in the RD group were treated with drugs plus primary tumour radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the Log rank test was used for between-group analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform multivariate analyses to assess the impacts of factors on survival. Propensity score matching (PSM) was matched based on clinical characteristics, systematic drug treatment and drug response to further adjust for confounding factors.Results: The overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 2, and 3 years for the RD group and D group were 54.4%, 26.8%, and 13.3% and 31.1%, 11.5%, and 4.4%, respectively; the corresponding MSTs were 14 months and 8 months, respectively (χ2=15.915, p< 0.001). There was a significant difference in survival by PSM (p=0.027).Before PSM, multivariate analysis showed that metastasis status (organ≤ 3 and metastasis≤ 5), primary tumour radiotherapy, chemotherapy cycles≥ 4, and drug best response (CR+PR) were independent predictors of prolonged OS. After PSM, primary tumour radiotherapy and drug best response (CR+PR) were independent predictors of prolonged OS were still independent predictors of prolonged OS. There were no grade 4– 5 radiation toxicities.Conclusion: For MPE-C-NSCLC, the response of systemic drug treatment plays a crucial role in survival outcomes, and we also should pay attention to primary tumour radiotherapy in addition to systematic drug treatment.Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, controlled malignant pleural effusion, radiotherapy, overall survival, prognosis

Jie Bai,1– 3,&ast; Bibo Wu,1– 3,&ast; Shasha Zhao,1– 3,&ast; Gang Wang,1– 3,&ast; Shengfa Su,1– 3 Bing Lu,1– 3 Yinxiang Hu,1– 3 Yichao Geng,1,3 Zhengneng Guo,1– 3 Jun Wan,2,3 Weiwei OuYang,1– 3 Cheng Hu,1– 3 Jie Liu1– 3 1Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shengfa Su, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613608550432, Fax +86513076, Email sushengfa2005@163.comPurpose: To explore the effect of PD-1 inhibitors combined with irradiation on myocardial injury and the changes of HMGB1-associated inflammatory markers.Methods: Four groups of five mice were used, each groupformed by randomly dividing 20 mice (group A control; group B PD-1 inhibitors; group C Irradiation; group D PD-1 inhibitors+irradiation; n = 5 for each). The mice were treated with either PD-1 inhibitors or a 15 Gy dose of single heart irradiation, or both. Hematoxylin-eosin staining assessed the morphology and pathology of heart tissue; Masson staining assessed heart fibrosis; Tunel staining evaluated heart apoptosis; flow cytometry detected CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in heart tissues; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay evaluated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-ɑ of heart tissue; Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected the expression of protein and mRNA of HMGB1, TLR-4, and NF-κB p65 respectively.Results: The degree of heart injury, collagen volume fraction (CVF) and apoptotic index (AI) in groups B, C, and D were higher than group A, but the differences between the CVF and AI of group A and group B were not statistical significance (P> 0.05). Similarly, the absolute counts and relative percentage of CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in heart tissue with group D were significantly higher than the other groups (P< 0.05). In addition, compared with group A, the expression of protein and mRNA of HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 in other groups were higher, and the differences between each group were statistically significant while TLR4 was not. In addition, interaction by PD-1 inhibitors and irradiation was found in inflammatory indicators, especially in the expression of the HMGB1 and CD8+ T lymphocytes.Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitors can increase the expression of HMGB1-associated inflammatory cytokines and aggravate radiation-induced myocardial injury.Keywords: HMGB1, PD-1 inhibitors, radiotherapy, heart injury