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512 pp. ; 24 cm, Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy is certainly one the most powerful exper-imental techniques for the characterization of the local structures in solution and in the solid state. The versatility of the technique has drawn the involve-ment of many scientific groups, leading to an extremely dynamic field of research. Focusing on solid state NMR, Spanish scientific community is small and scattered throughout the national geography, nonetheless contributing very actively to different fields of Science and Technology. In this context, we initiated the organization of a course on solid state NMR with a dual purpose: to strengthen the communication and collaboration among the Spanish scientific community working in the field, and to disseminate the technique and its applications in the solid state among researchers and students. The first Solid-State NMR Training Course was imparted on 2014, at the Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV-CSIC). The success of this initiative prompted us to organize a second edition the following year. This year will be presented the fourth edition of this training course.After the second edition, we considered the publication of a book focused on the applications of NMR in the solid state gathering all topics covered through the above mentioned teaching experience. The illustration of the state of the art of the applications of NMR may assist in exploring the possibilities that this spectroscopy can offer in the analysis of solid materials emphasizing its strength when compared to other experimental techniques. This book could be useful as a starting material for future courses.The title Applications of NMR spectroscopy in the solid state refers to the fact that this book gives an overview on the contribution of the technique in various research areas, differing from other approaches available in the literature, some of them more focused in theory and methods. We have attempted to explore the application of the technique in the characterization of structural and behavioral aspects of both natural and synthetic materials, although the contents of each chapter have been adapted to the particular experience of the authors. The book is separated into four parts, with a total of fourteen independent chapters. The first part covers basic theoretical background and is composed of two chapters addressed to a wide audience, useful as a first approach for non-specialist in NMR. Chapter 1 defines basic concepts, including relevant NMR interactions and its possible cancelation by means of high-resolution techniques. Chapter 2 de-scribes the modern methods of spectral simulation and theoretical calculations of NMR parameters by ab initio procedures.The second part contains five chapters describing the use of NMR to explore the local structure of a wide variety of natural and synthetic materials, including crystalline and non-crystalline solids and glasses. For example, chapter 3 is devoted to the application of NMR for the elucidation of crystal structures of minerals (i.e., natural crystals) as a particular exploration of the increasingly popular field of the NMR crystallography. Chapter 4 focuses on ceramic materials, in terms of raw ma-terials for traditional and advanced technological applications of ceramics, and chap-ter 5 addresses the particular application of certain ceramics to the immobilization of radionuclides. Cementitious materials are explored in detail in chapter 6, particu-larly from the point of view of 27Al and 29Si nuclei. Finally, glasses and glass-ceramic materials are developed in chapter 7, from silicate and borosilicate systems to phos-phates and the study of the structural role of certain anions in glasses.The third part of the book is dedicated to materials and compounds of interest in energy production, transformation and storage, and related applications. It is comprised of four chapters, including the contribution in relevant structural aspects of zeolites in chapter 8, and in-situ heterogeneous catalyst in chapter 9; chapter 10 refers to the study of structural factors that affect cation mobility in solid electrolytes, paying particular attention to lithium phases; and chapter 11 describes paramagnet-ic interactions and mobility of cations in solid electrodes.The fourth part in the book describes organic compounds, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIS), with special consideration to polymorphism and co-crystals in chapter 12. In chapter 13, polymers are discussed, with special empha-sis on the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the physicochemical structure, molecular mobility and processing conditions. Finally, chapter 14 refers to solid proteins, where solid state NMR spectroscopy is emerging as an essential meth-od for the determination of three-dimensional structures of insoluble peptides and proteins and for the characterization of their dynamics.We know that the field of solid-state NMR is much broader than exposed in this work, but we have concentrated on the expertise of the authors, in charge of the scientific contents. We would like to thank numerous editorials for their permission to reproduce previously published figures and tables in our book, as well as the re-viewers for their disinterested reading and constructive criticisms.

Party Center es un negocio de intermediación que busca integrar a proveedores de artículos y servicios de fiestas infantiles con padres de familia que deseen organizar las fiestas de cumpleaños a sus hijos. Party Center consiste en una plataforma tecnológica en donde los usuarios podrán encontrar información centralizada de proveedores, los productos o servicios que ofrecen y las experiencias de compra de otras personas. Del mismo modo, los proveedores tendrán a través de Party Center un canal de ventas adicional, en donde podrán ser visualizados y solicitados por distintos clientes. Party Center aprovecha de estrategias provenientes de la Segmentación de Mercado y el Océano Azul, ya que, durante el estudio del negocio, no se encontraron competidores o negocios que estén brindando una solución parecida. El objetivo principal será diferenciarnos por un tipo de servicio y el time to market. El principal interés de Party Center consiste en brindar una solución capaz de proveer un entorno integrador donde puedan converger tanto proveedores de productos y servicios como padres de familia.

Se presenta una descriptiva de los criterios que en España se vienen adoptando en la implantación de infraestructuras en el dominio público hidráulico. Estos criterios se contemplan en el Real Decreto 9/2008 y en el Proyecto de RD de 2016 que, en materia de gestión de riesgos de inundación, abordan dos aspectos principales a regular, (1) el aumento o creación de riesgo en el entorn o de la infraestructura cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de vía de intenso desagüe y (2) el riesgo para los propios usuarios de la infraestructura que se pretende crear, cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de zona de flujo preferente. En otras palabras, se analizan dos aspectos, los riesgos a terceros y los riesgos propios. El desarrollo de la temática del artículo se ilustra con un ejemplo, l a implantación de un puente de 109 m sobre el río Jalón, que cruza el valle aguas abajo de la localidad de Sabiñán. El apartado principal del análisis consiste en el estudio hidráulico de un tramo de río en situación de crecidas, que se lleva a cabo con el software IBER, en cuya creación han colaborado el CEDEX y las Universidades de La Coruña y Barcelona.

Se realiza un análisis de frecuencia de precipitaciones y de caudales en tres cuencas del NE de España, Bergantes, Esca y Sotón. Se utilizan varios métodos agrupados en dos categorías, (1) foronómicos que consiste en el análisis de series anuales de máximo caudal instantáneo e (2) hidrometeorológicos donde se modeliza el proceso de transformación lluvia-escorrentía. Los resultados se comparan con los propios datos de las series históricas. Finalmente se analizan nueve episodios con registro real de lluvia y de caudal, se clasifican en el dominio de la frecuencia y se realiza un contraste de los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes modelos A rainfall and flow frequency analysis has been performed in three basins in the northeast of Spain, those are the Bergantes, Esca and Sotón. Various methods grouped into two categories are used, (1) the gauged method which consist in the analysis of maximum flow rate annual series, and (2) the hydrometeorological method which take into account processes with rainfall-runoff transformation models. The results are compared with observed data in historical series. Finally, nine episodes with actual rainfall and flow record are analyzed. This episodes are also claissified in their frequency domain and results obtained from models used have been contrasted

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar modelos basados en depósitos lineales en paralelo (PLR) como método idóneo para la separación del flujo de base a partir de series temporales de descarga total. Se desarrolla un nuevo método de análisis y separación de las componentes de flujo basado en ecuaciones de relaciones dinámicas entre depósitos conectados en paralelo. También se hace referencia a la metodología de ajuste y calibración de los modelos PLR a partir de curvas de recesión de hidrogramas reales. La ecuación de relaciones dinámicas establece una solución única para los parámetros que rigen los modelos PLR, y permite separar las componentes de flujo como una solución matemática óptima. Con estos modelos, para evaluar el recorrido del agua a través de la cuenca, se pueden establecer más de dos componentes de flujo. Con el registro continuo del río Bergantes se hacen simulaciones de modelos de dos depósitos (2R), y de tres depósitos (3R), y se elaboran curvas de probabilidad de excedencia (FDCs), que son idóneas para evaluar el origen del recurso hídrico de la cuenca, su garantía de regulación y su disponibilidad The main objective of this work is to present the models based on Parallel Linear Reservoirs (PLR models) as an ideal method to carry out the base-flow separation from time series of total discharge. A new method of analysis and separation of flow components based on equations of dynamic relations be tween parallel connected deposits is developed in this article. Reference is also made to the methodology of adjustment and calibration of PLR models based on the recession curves of the real hydrographs The Dynamic Relations equation sets up a single solution for the parameters that govern PLR models and allows the separation of the flow components as an optimal mathematical solution. With these models more than two flow components can be established to assess the water routing through the basin. The models are tested against the continuous register of the Bergantes river located in the NE of Spain. Simulations were carried out with two reservoirs (2R models) and with three reservoirs (3R models). With the results of the models, flow duration curves (FDCs) were elaborated, thus allowin gassessing the origin of the water resources of the basin, their guarantee of regulation and availability

Se presenta una descriptiva de los criterios que en España se vienen adoptando en la implantación de infraestructuras en el dominio público hidráulico. Estos criterios se contemplan en el Real Decreto 9/2008 y en el Proyecto de RD de 2016 que, en materia de gestión de riesgos de inundación, abordan dos aspectos principales a regular, (1) el aumento o creación de riesgo en el entorno de la infraestructura cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de vía de intenso desagüe y (2) el riesgo para los propios usuarios de la infraestructura que se pretende crear, cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de zona de flujo preferente. En otras palabras, se analizan dos aspectos, los riesgos a terceros y los riesgos propios. El desarrollo de la temática del artículo se ilustra con un ejemplo, la implantación de un puente de 109 m sobre el río Jalón, que cruza el valle aguas abajo de la localidad de Sabiñán. El apartado principal del análisis consiste en el estudio hidráulico de un tramo de río en situación de crecidas, que se lleva a cabo con el software IBER, en cuya creación han colaborado el CEDEX y las Universidades de La Coruña y Barcelona A description of the criteria adopted in Spain for the building of infrastructure in the public water domain is presented. These criteria are contemplated in Spanish legislation which, in relation to flood risk management, address two main aspects to be regulated, (1) the increase or creation of risk in the infrastructure environment whose, analysis is based on the concept of the main stream channel, and (2 ) the risk of the infrastructure to be created for users, whose analysis is based on the concept of the area of preferential flow. In other words, two aspects are analyzed, risks to third parties and the risks themselves. The development of the topic is illustrated with an example, the building of a 110 m bridge over the Jalon River, which crosses the valley downstream of the town of Sabihan. Therefore, examining in detail the risk increase that the construction of the new bridge could cause on urban areas was required. The main section of the analysis consists in the hydraulic study of a stretch of river in flood situation, which is carried out with the IBER software. Spanish CEDEX and Universities of Coruna and Barcelona collaborated in the creation of this software

La planificación del uso geotérmico del agua subterránea en acuíferos someros urbanos requiere un modelo numérico capaz de reproducir los efectos de la explotación actual y ser capaz de predecir los impactos derivados de dicha actividad. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo preliminar de un modelo numérico que puede contribuir a mejorar la gestión de los recursos geotérmicos someros en la ciudad de Zaragoza. El modelo numérico permite implementar toda la información hidrogeológica y térmica recopilada, explicar esta información de forma coherente reproduciendo la física de fluidos y termodinámica en medios porosos y predecir a medio y largo plazo los impactos producidos. Finalmente se muestran las posibilidades y ventajas derivadas del uso del modelo numérico en la gestión de permisos de concesión de derechos de explotación para nuevos aprovechamientos, The management of the thermal use of groundwater in shallow urban aquifers requires a numerical model capable of reproducing the impacts of actual exploitations and of predicting further impacts in the future. In this work, the numerical model develope for the management of shallow geothermal resources in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) is presented. The model allows to explain the data coherent with the fluid physics and the heat transport in porous media and also provide predictions for the thermal impacts at mid- and long-term. Finally, the possibilities and advantages derived from the use of the numerical modelling for the con­cession process of new exploitation licenses are de scribed

Se presenta una descriptiva de los criterios que en España se vienen adoptando en la implantación de infraestructuras en el dominio público hidráulico. Estos criterios se contemplan en el Real Decreto 9/2008 y en el Proyecto de RD de 2016 que, en materia de gestión de riesgos de inundación, abordan dos aspectos principales a regular, (1) el aumento o creación de riesgo en el entorno de la infraestructura cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de vía de intenso desagüe y (2) el riesgo para los propios usuarios de la infraestructura que se pretende crear, cuyo análisis se basa en el concepto de zona de flujo preferente. En otras palabras, se analizan dos aspectos, los riesgos a terceros y los riesgos propios. El desarrollo de la temática del artículo se ilustra con un ejemplo, la implantación de un puente de 109 m sobre el río Jalón, que cruza el valle aguas abajo de la localidad de Sabiñán. El apartado principal del análisis consiste en el estudio hidráulico de un tramo de río en situación de crecidas, que se lleva a cabo con el software IBER, en cuya creación han colaborado el CEDEX y las Universidades de La Coruña y Barcelona, A description of the criteria adopted in Spain for the building of infrastructure in the public water domain is presented. These criteria are contemplated in Spanish legislation which, in relation to flood risk management, address two main aspects to be regulated, (1) the increase or creation of risk in the infrastructure environment whose, analysis is based on the concept of the main stream channel, and (2 ) the risk of the infrastructure to be created for users, whose analysis is based on the concept of the area of preferential flow. In other words, two aspects are analyzed, risks to third parties and the risks themselves. The development of the topic is illustrated with an example, the building of a 110 m bridge over the Jalon River, which crosses the valley downstream of the town of Sabihan. Therefore, examining in detail the risk increase that the construction of the new bridge could cause on urban areas was required. The main section of the analysis consists in the hydraulic study of a stretch of river in flood situation, which is carried out with the IBER software. Spanish CEDEX and Universities of Coruna and Barcelona collaborated in the creation of this software