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473 results on '"Krach, Sören"'

101. Study protocol of the ASD-Net, the German research consortium for the study of Autism Spectrum Disorder across the lifespan: from a better etiological understanding, through valid diagnosis, to more effective health care

Author

Kamp-Becker, Inge, primary, Poustka, Luise, additional, Bachmann, Christian, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Hoffmann, Falk, additional, Kanske, Philipp, additional, Kirsch, Peter, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Paulus, Frieder Michel, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Roepke, Stefan, additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Schad-Hansjosten, Tanja, additional, Singer, Tania, additional, Stroth, Sanna, additional, Witt, Stephanie, additional, and Wermter, Anne-Kathrin, additional

Published
2017
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104. Test‐retest reliability of effective connectivity in the face perception network

Author

Frässle, Stefan, Paulus, Frieder Michel, Krach, Sören, and Jansen, Andreas

Subjects
Male, Brain Mapping, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Young Adult, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Neural Pathways, Humans, Female, Facial Recognition, Research Articles, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

Computational approaches have great potential for moving neuroscience toward mechanistic models of the functional integration among brain regions. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) offers a promising framework for inferring the effective connectivity among brain regions and thus unraveling the neural mechanisms of both normal cognitive function and psychiatric disorders. While the benefit of such approaches depends heavily on their reliability, systematic analyses of the within-subject stability are rare. Here, we present a thorough investigation of the test-retest reliability of an fMRI paradigm for DCM analysis dedicated to unraveling intra- and interhemispheric integration among the core regions of the face perception network. First, we examined the reliability of face-specific BOLD activity in 25 healthy volunteers, who performed a face perception paradigm in two separate sessions. We found good to excellent reliability of BOLD activity within the DCM-relevant regions. Second, we assessed the stability of effective connectivity among these regions by analyzing the reliability of Bayesian model selection and model parameter estimation in DCM. Reliability was excellent for the negative free energy and good for model parameter estimation, when restricting the analysis to parameters with substantial effect sizes. Third, even when the experiment was shortened, reliability of BOLD activity and DCM results dropped only slightly as a function of the length of the experiment. This suggests that the face perception paradigm presented here provides reliable estimates for both conventional activation and effective connectivity measures. We conclude this paper with an outlook on potential clinical applications of the paradigm for studying psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 37:730-744, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2015

105. The politics of embarrassment

Author

Paulus, Frieder M., Müller-Pinzler, Laura, Meshi, Dar, Peng, Tai-Quan, Martinez Mateo, Marina, Krach, Sören, Paulus, Frieder M., Müller-Pinzler, Laura, Meshi, Dar, Peng, Tai-Quan, Martinez Mateo, Marina, and Krach, Sören

Abstract

Within the last year, expressions of second-hand embarrassment on Twitter significantly increased. We show how this relates to the current situation in U.S. politics under Trump and provide two explanations for why people feel this way in response to his actions. First, compared to former politicians, Trump’s norm violations seem intentional. Second, intentional norm violations specifically threaten the social integrity of in-group members—in this case, U.S citizens. We theorize that these strong, frequent and widespread feelings of second-hand embarrassment motivate political actions to prevent further harm to individuals’ self-concept and protect their social integrity.

Published
2017

106. Handedness is related to neural mechanisms underlying hemispheric lateralization of face processing

Author

Frässle, Stefan, Krach, Sören, Paulus, Frieder Michel, Jansen, Andreas, Frässle, Stefan, Krach, Sören, Paulus, Frieder Michel, and Jansen, Andreas

Abstract

While the right-hemispheric lateralization of the face perception network is well established, recent evidence suggests that handedness affects the cerebral lateralization of face processing at the hierarchical level of the fusiform face area (FFA). However, the neural mechanisms underlying differential hemispheric lateralization of face perception in right- and left-handers are largely unknown. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI, we aimed to unravel the putative processes that mediate handedness-related differences by investigating the effective connectivity in the bilateral core face perception network. Our results reveal an enhanced recruitment of the left FFA in left-handers compared to right-handers, as evidenced by more pronounced face-specific modulatory influences on both intra- and interhemispheric connections. As structural and physiological correlates of handedness-related differences in face processing, right- and left-handers varied with regard to their gray matter volume in the left fusiform gyrus and their pupil responses to face stimuli. Overall, these results describe how handedness is related to the lateralization of the core face perception network, and point to different neural mechanisms underlying face processing in right- and left-handers. In a wider context, this demonstrates the entanglement of structurally and functionally remote brain networks, suggesting a broader underlying process regulating brain lateralization.

Published
2016

110. Mentalizing and the Role of the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus in Sharing Others' Embarrassment

Author

Paulus, Frieder Michel, Müller-Pinzler, Laura, Jansen, Andreas, Gazzola, V., Krach, Sören, Paulus, Frieder Michel, Müller-Pinzler, Laura, Jansen, Andreas, Gazzola, V., and Krach, Sören

Abstract

The experience of embarrassment provides a highly salient cue for the human moral apparatus. Interestingly, people also experience embarrassment on behalf of others' inappropriate conditions. The perceiver's embarrassment often lacks an equivalent expression of embarrassment in the social counterpart. The present study examines this phenomenon and distinguishes neural circuits involved in embarrassment with and embarrassment for another person's mishaps. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that the embarrassment on behalf of others engages the temporal pole and the medial prefrontal cortex, central structures of the mentalizing network, together with the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, sharing others' embarrassment additionally stimulated the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), which exhibited increased functional integration with inferior parietal and insular cortex areas. These findings characterize common neural circuits involved in the embodied representation of embarrassment and further unravel the unique role of the posterior STS in sharing others' affective state.

Published
2015

111. Concerns about cultural neurosciences : a critical analysis

Author

Martinez Mateo, Marina, Cabanis, Maurice, Cruz de Echeverría Loebell, Nicole, Krach, Sören, Martinez Mateo, Marina, Cabanis, Maurice, Cruz de Echeverría Loebell, Nicole, and Krach, Sören

Abstract

Ten years ago, neuroscientists began to study cultural phenomena by using functional MRI. Since then the number of publications in this field, termed cultural neuroscience (CN), has tremendously increased. In these studies, particular concepts of culture are implied, but rarely explicitly discussed. We argue that it is necessary to make these concepts a topic of debate in order to unravel the foundations of CN. From 40 fMRI studies we extracted two strands of reasoning: models investigating universal mechanisms for the formation of cultural groups and habits and, models assessing differences in characteristics among cultural groups. Both strands simplify culture as an inflexible set of traits and specificities. We question this rigid understanding of culture and highlight its hidden evaluative nature.

Published
2015

115. Theory of Mind (ToM) on Robots: A Neuroimaging Study

Author

Hegel, Frank, Krach, Sören, Kircher, Tilo, Wrede, Britta, and Sagerer, Gerhard

Subjects
fMRI, Theory of Mind, Anthropomorphism, Social Robots
Abstract

Theory of Mind (ToM) is not only a key capability for cognitive development but also for successful social interaction. In order for a robot to interact successfully with a human both interaction part- ners need to have an adequate representation of the other’s actions. In this paper we address the question of how a robot’s actions are perceived and represented in a human subject interacting with the robot and how this perception is influenced by the appearance of the robot. We present the preliminary results of an fMRI-study in which participants had to play a version of the classical Prisoners’ Dilemma Game (PDG) against four opponents: a human partner (HP), an anthropomorphic robot (AR), a functional robot (FR), and a computer (CP). The PDG scenario enables to implicitly measure mentalizing or Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities, a technique com- monly applied in functional imaging. As the responses of each game partner were randomized unknowingly to the participants, the attribution of intention or will to an opponent (i.e. HP, AR, FR or CP) was based purely on differences in the perception of shape and embodiment. The present study is the first to apply functional neuroimaging methods to study human-robot interaction on a higher cognitive level such as ToM. We hypothesize that the degree of anthropomor- phism and embodiment of the game partner will modulate cortical activity in previously detected ToM networks as the medial pre- frontal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex.

Published
2008

116. Theory of Mind (ToM) on Robots: A Functional Neuroimaging Study

Author

Krach, Sören, Hegel, Frank, Gieselmann, Sebastian, Oehlschläger, S., Buschkämper, Stefan, Wrede, Britta, Sagerer, Gerhard, Kircher, Tilo, and Baylé, Franck

Subjects
Anthropomorphism, Theory of Mind (ToM), Social Robots
Published
2007

117. Hemisphärenspezifische Aktivierung bei der mentalen Reim- und Wortgenerierung mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) und funktioneller transkranieller Dopplersonographie (fTCD) im Vergleich

Author

Krach, Sören

Subjects
fMRT , fTCD , Hemisphärendominanz , Phonologische Aufgabe , Lexikalische Aufgabe , fMRI , fTCD , Hemispheric language dominance , Phonological task , Lexical task
Abstract

Ziel der Studie war die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur sicheren und nichtinvasiven Bestimmung sprachrelevanter Hirnareale, welches den bisherigen Standardverfahren überlegen sein sollte. Dies hätte zum einen Implikationen für die neuropsychologische und medizinische Forschung, darüber hinaus wäre die Entwicklung eines solchen Verfahrens vor allem aber auch von hoher praktischer Relevanz: Vor Hirnoperationen, beispielsweise bei Epilepsie- oder Tumorpatienten, ist es notwendig, "eloquente" Hirnregionen möglichst fehlerfrei zu identifizieren, um das Risiko von Sprachstörungen als Folge der OP so gering wie möglich zu halten. Die Standardverfahren (z.B. Wada-Test) zur Lokalisation der Sprachareale bergen jedoch erhebliche Risiken. Eine alternative Bestimmung der sprachrelevanten Areale über bildgebende Verfahren in Kombination mit Wortaufgaben wäre demgegenüber zwar weniger belastend, die Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit von 8 bis 10 Prozent läge jedoch zu hoch, um im Einzelfall sichere Entscheidungen treffen zu können (Knecht, Deppe, Ebner et al., 1998; Wörmann et al., 2003). In der vorliegenden Studie wurde in Anlehnung an die Arbeiten von Lurito und Mitarbeiter ein selbstentwickeltes phonologisches Reimgenerierungsparadigma mit dem klassischen Wortgenerierungsparadigma verglichen und hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit bei der Vorhersage der sprachdominanten Hemisphäre bewertet (Krach & Hartje, 2006; Lurito et al., 2000). Verwendet wurden dazu die Daten von 38 Versuchspersonen einer fMRT-Studie sowie von 27 Versuchspersonen einer fTCD-Studie. Bei beiden Untersuchungen handelte es sich um männliche rechtshändige Versuchspersonen im Alter zwischen 20 und 40 Jahren. Für 16 Versuchspersonen lagen die Daten beider bildgebender Verfahren vor, womit auch ein Vergleich der Untersuchungsmethoden (fMRT und fTCD) vorgenommen werden konnte. Beim fMRT-Untersuchungsdesign handelte es sich um ein randomisiertes Blockdesign mit den Faktoren Wort- und Reimgenerierung sowie Wort- und Reimentscheidung. Bei der fTCD-Studie wurden Wort- und Reimgenerierung miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse beider bildgebender Verfahren (fMRT und fTCD) zeigen, dass es mit beiden Paradigmen und unabhängig von der Methode zur Lateralitätsberechnung (Voxelcount- vs. Fernández-Ansatz bei fMRT) in gleicher Weise gelingt, die sprachdominante Hemisphäre zuverlässig vorherzusagen. Dabei aktiviert das Generieren von Reimen sprachrelevante Regionen in weitaus stärkerem Ausmaß, als dies durch die Wortgenerierung erreicht werden kann. Die Stärke der Lateralisation bleibt davon allerdings unbeeinflusst. Bei der Betrachtung der fMRT-Aktivierungen (auf Gruppen- sowie Versuchspersonenebene) findet sich bei der Wort- und Reimgenerierung in nahezu gleichem Umfang eine Beteiligung inferior-frontaler Hirnareale (BA 44/45 und 47). Stärker als erwartet fallen bei beiden Untersuchungsparadigmen die gleichzeitigen fMRT-Aktivierungen in den rechtshemisphärischen inferior-frontalen Hirnarealen aus. Die Studie zeigt, dass mit beiden Aufgabentypen (Wort- und Reimgenerierung) und unabhängig vom bildgebenden Untersuchungsverfahren (fMRT und fTCD) in gleicher Weise eine zuverlässige Bestimmung sprachassoziierter Hirnregionen möglich ist. Die Reimgenerierungsaufgabe evoziert dabei allerdings signifikant stärkere Aktivierungen in sprachrelevanten Hirnarealen als die Wortgenerierungsaufgabe und könnte somit in Zukunft als ein alternatives Aktivierungsparadigma zur nichtinvasiven Bestimmung sprachassoziierter Hirnregionen eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere bei Versuchspersonen bzw. Patienten mit einer sehr niedrigen Aktivierungsschwelle würde sich dieser Aufgabentyp anbieten.

Published
2006

120. Essentializing the binary self: individualism and collectivism in cultural neuroscience

Author

Martinez Mateo, Marina, Cabanis, Maurice, Stenmanns, Julian, Krach, Sören, Martinez Mateo, Marina, Cabanis, Maurice, Stenmanns, Julian, and Krach, Sören

Abstract

Within the emerging field of cultural neuroscience (CN) one branch of research focuses on the neural underpinnings of “individualistic/Western” vs. “collectivistic/Eastern” self-views. These studies uncritically adopt essentialist assumptions from classic cross-cultural research, mainly following the tradition of Markus and Kitayama (1991), into the domain of functional neuroimaging. In this perspective article we analyze recent publications and conference proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (2012) and problematize the essentialist and simplistic understanding of “culture” in these studies. Further, we argue against the binary structure of the drawn “cultural” comparisons and their underlying Eurocentrism. Finally we scrutinize whether valuations within the constructed binarities bear the risk of constructing and reproducing a postcolonial, orientalist argumentation pattern.

Published
2013

125. Association of rs1006737 inCACNA1Cwith alterations in prefrontal activation and fronto-hippocampal connectivity

Author

Paulus, Frieder M., primary, Bedenbender, Johannes, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Pyka, Martin, additional, Krug, Axel, additional, Sommer, Jens, additional, Mette, Miriam, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Kircher, Tilo, additional, and Jansen, Andreas, additional

Published
2013
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127. When your friends make you cringe: social closeness modulates vicarious embarrassment-related neural activity.

Author

Müller-Pinzler, Laura, Rademacher, Lena, Paulus, Frieder M., and Krach, Sören

Subjects
EMBARRASSMENT, EMOTIONS, INTERPERSONAL relations, THREATS -- Social aspects, INTERACTION (Philosophy)
Abstract

Social closeness is a potent moderator of vicarious affect and specifically vicarious embarrassment. The neural pathways of how social closeness to another person affects our experience of vicarious embarrassment for the other's public flaws, failures and norm violations are yet unknown. To bridge this gap, we examined the neural response of participants while witnessing threats to either a friend's or a stranger's social integrity. The results show consistent responses of the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), shared circuits of the aversive quality of affect, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex and temporal pole, central structures of the mentalizing network. However, the ACC/AI network activation was increased during vicarious embarrassment in response to a friend's failures. At the same time, the precuneus, a brain region associated with self-related thoughts, showed a specific activation and an increase in functional connectivity with the shared circuits in the frontal lobe while observing friends. This might indicate a neural systems mechanism for greater affective sharing and self-involvement while people interact with close others that are relevant to oneself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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137. Genetic variation in G72 correlates with brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus in a verbal fluency task in healthy individuals

Author

Krug, Axel, primary, Markov, Valentin, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Jansen, Andreas, additional, Zerres, Klaus, additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, N Jon, additional, Nöthen, Markus M, additional, Georgi, Alexander, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, and Kircher, Tilo, additional

Published
2010
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144. Impact of schizophrenia‐risk gene dysbindin 1 on brain activation in bilateral middle frontal gyrus during a working memory task in healthy individuals

Author

Markov, Valentin, primary, Krug, Axel, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Jansen, Andreas, additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Zerres, Karl, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, N. Jon, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Treutlein, Jens, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, and Kircher, Tilo, additional

Published
2009
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146. The impact of dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval

Author

Thimm, Markus, primary, Krug, Axel, additional, Markov, Valentin, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Jansen, Andreas, additional, Zerres, Klaus, additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, Nadim Jon, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, and Kircher, Tilo, additional

Published
2009
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148. THE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) rs1018381 IN SCHIZOPHRENIA-RISK-GENE DYSBINDIN 1 MODULATES BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING LANGUAGE PRODUCTION

Author

Markov, Valentin, primary, Krug, Axel, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, N. Jon, additional, Skowronek, Markus H., additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Zerres, Klaus, additional, Schneider, Frank, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, and Kircher, Tilo, additional

Published
2008
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149. NRG1 RISK GENE MODULATES NEURONAL CORRELATES OF SPEECH PRODUCTION

Author

Kircher, Tilo, primary, Krug, Axel, additional, Markov, Valentin, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, N. Jon, additional, Zilles, Karl, additional, Skowronek, Markus, additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Zerres, Klaus, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Schneider, Frank, additional, and Rietschel, Marcella, additional

Published
2008
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150. INFLUENCE OF NRG1 ON NEURONAL CORRELATES OF WORKING MEMORY

Author

Krug, Axel, primary, Markov, Valentin, additional, Stöcker, Tony, additional, Shah, N. Jon, additional, Zilles, Karl, additional, Skowronek, Markus H, additional, Eggermann, Thomas, additional, Zerres, Klaus, additional, Krach, Sören, additional, Schneider, Frank, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, and Kircher, Tilo, additional

Published
2008
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