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101. Zika and the Eye: Pieces of a Puzzle

Author

de Oliveira Dias, João Rafael, Ventura, Camila V., de Paula Freitas, Bruno, Prazeres, Juliana, Ventura, Liana O., Bravo-Filho, Vasco, Aleman, Tomas, Ko, Albert Icksang, Zin, Andréa, Belfort, Rubens, Jr., and Maia, Mauricio

Published
2018
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104. Reply to: A finding of sex similarities rather than differences in COVID-19 outcomes

Author

Takahashi, Takehiro, Ellingson, Mallory K., Wong, Patrick, Israelow, Benjamin, Lucas, Carolina, Klein, Jon, Silva, Julio, Mao, Tianyang, Oh, Ji Eun, Tokuyama, Maria, Lu, Peiwen, Venkataraman, Arvind, Park, Annsea, Liu, Feimei, Meir, Amit, Sun, Jonathan, Wang, Eric Y., Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, Wyllie, Anne L., Vogels, Chantal B. F., Earnest, Rebecca, Lapidus, Sarah, Ott, Isabel M., Moore, Adam J., Shaw, Albert, Fournier, John B., Odio, Camila D., Farhadian, Shelli, Dela Cruz, Charles, Grubaugh, Nathan D., Schulz, Wade L., Ring, Aaron M., Ko, Albert I., Omer, Saad B., and Iwasaki, Akiko

Published
2021
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105. Urban slum structure: integrating socioeconomic and land cover data to model slum evolution in Salvador, Brazil

Author

Hacker, Kathryn P, Seto, Karen C, Costa, Federico, Corburn, Jason, Reis, Mitermayer G, Ko, Albert I, and Diuk-Wasser, Maria A

Abstract

Abstract Background The expansion of urban slums is a key challenge for public and social policy in the 21st century. The heterogeneous and dynamic nature of slum communities limits the use of rigid slum definitions. A systematic and flexible approach to characterize, delineate and model urban slum structure at an operational resolution is essential to plan, deploy, and monitor interventions at the local and national level. Methods We modeled the multi-dimensional structure of urban slums in the city of Salvador, a city of 3 million inhabitants in Brazil, by integrating census-derived socioeconomic variables and remotely-sensed land cover variables. We assessed the correlation between the two sets of variables using canonical correlation analysis, identified land cover proxies for the socioeconomic variables, and produced an integrated map of deprivation in Salvador at 30 m × 30 m resolution. Results The canonical analysis identified three significant ordination axes that described the structure of Salvador census tracts according to land cover and socioeconomic features. The first canonical axis captured a gradient from crowded, low-income communities with corrugated roof housing to higher-income communities. The second canonical axis discriminated among socioeconomic variables characterizing the most marginalized census tracts, those without access to sanitation or piped water. The third canonical axis accounted for the least amount of variation, but discriminated between high-income areas with white-painted or tiled roofs from lower-income areas. Conclusions Our approach captures the socioeconomic and land cover heterogeneity within and between slum settlements and identifies the most marginalized communities in a large, complex urban setting. These findings indicate that changes in the canonical scores for slum areas can be used to track their evolution and to monitor the impact of development programs such as slum upgrading.

Published
2013

107. Heterologous expression of pathogen-specific genes ligA and ligB in the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa confers enhanced adhesion to cultured cells and fibronectin

Author

Figueira, Cláudio, Croda, Julio, Choy, Henry A, Haake, David A, Reis, Mitermayer G, Ko, Albert I, and Picardeau, Mathieu

Abstract

Abstract Background In comparison to other bacterial pathogens, our knowledge of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis is extremely limited. An improved understanding of leptospiral pathogenetic mechanisms requires reliable tools for functional genetic analysis. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins are surface proteins found in pathogenic Leptospira, but not in saprophytes. Here, we describe a system for heterologous expression of the Leptospira interrogans genes ligA and ligB in the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc. Results The genes encoding LigA and LigB under the control of a constitutive spirochaetal promoter were inserted into the L. biflexa replicative plasmid. We were able to demonstrate expression and surface localization of LigA and LigB in L. biflexa. We found that the expression of the lig genes significantly enhanced the ability of transformed L. biflexa to adhere in vitro to extracellular matrix components and cultured cells, suggesting the involvement of Lig proteins in cell adhesion. Conclusions This work reports a complete description of the system we have developed for heterologous expression of pathogen-specific proteins in the saprophytic L. biflexa. We show that expression of LigA and LigB proteins from the pathogen confers a virulence-associated phenotype on L. biflexa, namely adhesion to eukaryotic cells and fibronectin in vitro. This study indicates that L. biflexa can serve as a surrogate host to characterize the role of key virulence factors of the causative agent of leptospirosis.

Published
2011

108. Transient Hearing Loss in Adults Associated With Zika Virus Infection

Author

Vinhaes, Eriko S., Santos, Luciane A., Dias, Lislane, Andrade, Nilvano A., Bezerra, Victor H., de Carvalho, Anderson T., de Moraes, Laise, Henriques, Daniele F., Azar, Sasha R., Vasilakis, Nikos, Ko, Albert I., Andrade, Bruno B., Siqueira, Isadora C., Khouri, Ricardo, and Boaventura, Viviane S.

Published
2017

110. Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission: a cluster non-randomised controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil

Author

Cremonese, Cleber, primary, Souza, Fabio Neves, additional, Palma, Fabiana Almerinda Gonçalves, additional, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, additional, Brito, Ricardo Lustosa, additional, Ribeiro, Priscyla dos Santos, additional, Santana, Juliet Oliveira, additional, Coelho, Rachel Helena, additional, Ticona, Juan P Aguilar, additional, Nazaré, Romero J, additional, de Oliveira, Daiana, additional, Silva, Cainã Queiroz, additional, Eyre, Max T, additional, Mendes, Vinícius de Araújo, additional, Knee, Jackie, additional, Ristow, Paula, additional, Stauber, Christine E, additional, López, Yeimi Alexandra Alzate, additional, Giorgi, Emanuele, additional, Diggle, Peter J, additional, Reis, Mitermayer Galvão G, additional, Cumming, Oliver, additional, Ko, Albert, additional, and Costa, Federico, additional

Published
2023
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112. Anicteric Leptospirosis-Associated Meningitis in a Tropical Urban Environment, Brazil

Author

Nabity, Scott A., Araujo, Guilherme C., Hagan, Jose E., Damiao, Alcineia O., Reis, Mitermayer G., Ko, Albert I., and Ribeiro, Guilherme S.

Subjects
Leptospirosis -- Health aspects, Meningitis -- Health aspects, Type 2 diabetes -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The clinical signs of leptospirosis can vary widely, which complicates timely diagnosis and targeted therapy. Aseptic meningitis associated with Leptospira infection, hereafter termed leptospirosis-associated meningitis (LAM), has been well described [...]

Published
2020
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113. Leptospirosis-associated Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Salvador, Brazil - Volume 14, Number 3—March 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC

Author

Gouveia, Edilane L, Metcalfe, John, de Carvalho, Ana Luiza F, Aires, Talita SF, Villasboas-Bisneto, José Caetano, Queirroz, Adriano, Santos, Andréia C, Salgado, Kátia, Reis, Mitermayer G, and Ko, Albert I

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Brazil, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Female, Hemorrhage, Humans, Leptospirosis, Lung Diseases, Male, Population Surveillance, Time Factors, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems
Abstract

We report the emergence of leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (SPHS) in slum communities in Salvador, Brazil. Although active surveillance did not identify SPHS before 2003, 47 cases were identified from 2003 through 2005; the case-fatality rate was 74%. By 2005, SPHS caused 55% of the deaths due to leptospirosis.

Published
2008

114. Acute encephalopathy with elevated CSF inflammatory markers as the initial presentation of COVID-19

Author

Farhadian, Shelli, Glick, Laura R., Vogels, Chantal B. F., Thomas, Jared, Chiarella, Jennifer, Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, Zhou, Jing, Odio, Camila, Vijayakumar, Pavithra, Geng, Bertie, Fournier, John, Bermejo, Santos, Fauver, Joseph R., Alpert, Tara, Wyllie, Anne L., Turcotte, Cynthia, Steinle, Matthew, Paczkowski, Patrick, Dela Cruz, Charles, Wilen, Craig, Ko, Albert I., MacKay, Sean, Grubaugh, Nathan D., Spudich, Serena, and Barakat, Lydia Aoun

Published
2020
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116. Slum health: Diseases of neglected populations

Author

Riley, Lee W, Ko, Albert I, Unger, Alon, and Reis, Mitermayer G

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Public Health and Health Services, Public Health
Abstract

BackgroundUrban slums, like refugee communities, comprise a social cluster that engenders a distinct set of health problems. With 1 billion people currently estimated to live in such communities, this neglected population has become a major reservoir for a wide spectrum of health conditions that the formal health sector must deal with.DiscussionUnlike what occurs with refugee populations, the formal health sector becomes aware of the health problems of slum populations relatively late in the course of their illnesses. As such, the formal health sector inevitably deals with the severe and end-stage complications of these diseases at a substantially greater cost than what it costs to manage non-slum community populations. Because of the informal nature of slum settlements, and cultural, social, and behavioral factors unique to the slum populations, little is known about the spectrum, burden, and determinants of illnesses in these communities that give rise to these complications, especially of those diseases that are chronic but preventable. In this article, we discuss observations made in one slum community of 58,000 people in Salvador, the third largest city in Brazil, to highlight the existence of a spectrum and burden of chronic illnesses not likely to be detected by the formal sector health services until they result in complications or death. Lack of health-related data from slums could lead to inappropriate and unrealistic allocation of health care resources by the public and private providers. Similar misassumptions and misallocations are likely to exist in other nations with large urban slum populations.SummaryContinued neglect of ever-expanding urban slum populations in the world could inevitably lead to greater expenditure and diversion of health care resources to the management of end-stage complications of diseases that are preventable. A new approach to health assessment and characterization of social-cluster determinants of health in urban slums is urgently needed.

Published
2007

117. Correction to: International prospective observational cohort study of Zika in infants and pregnancy (ZIP study): study protocol

Author

Lebov, Jill F., Arias, Juan F., Balmaseda, Angel, Britt, William, Cordero, José F., Galvão, Luiz Augusto, Garces, Ana Lucía, Hambidge, K. Michael, Harris, Eva, Ko, Albert, Krebs, Nancy, Marques, Ernesto T. A., Martinez, Alexander M., McClure, Elizabeth, Miranda-Filho, Democrito B., Moreira, Maria Elisabeth Lopes, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa M., Ochoa, Theresa J., Osorio, Jorge E., Scalabrin, Deolinda M. F., Schultz-Cherry, Stacey, Seage, III, George R., Stolka, Kristen, Ugarte-Gil, César Augusto, Vega, Carmen Milagros Velez, Welton, Michael, Ximenes, Ricardo, and Zorrilla, Carmen

Published
2019
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119. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Author

Ribeiro, Carla Celina, Santos, Andrea da Silva, Tshua, Daniel Henrique, Oliveira, Roberto Dias de, Lemos, Everton Ferreira, Bourdillon, Paul, Laranjeira, Alexandre, Gonçalves, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone, Andrews, Jason, Ko, Albert, and Croda, Julio

Subjects
Time to treatment, Prisons, Tuberculosis, Brazil, Delayed diagnosis
Abstract

Background: The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in prisons is higher than that in the general population and has been reported as the most common cause of death in prisons. This study evaluated the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of TB in Brazilian prisons. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2007 and 2015 using data from the five largest male prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. TB case data was collected from the National Database of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), GAL-LACEN, and prison medical records. The following variables were recorded: prison, year of diagnosis, age, race, education, HIV status, smoking status, comorbidities, number of symptoms, percentage of cures, delay in diagnosis, patient delay, provider delay, laboratory delay, and delay in treatment. Descriptive statistics were used for the variables of interest. Results: A total of 362 pulmonary TB cases were identified. The average time between the first symptom and reporting of data was 94 days. The mean time between symptom onset and laboratory diagnosis was 91 days. The average time from symptom onset to first consultation was 80 days. The time between diagnosis and treatment initiation was 5 days. Conclusions: Delays were significant between reporting of the first symptoms and diagnosis and significantly smaller from the time between notification and start of treatment. Control strategies should be implemented to diagnose cases through active screening, to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce TB transmission.

Published
2023

121. Molecular Characterization of Leptospira Species Detected in the Kidneys of Slaughtered Livestock in Abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Author

Dogonyaro, Banenat B., primary, van Heerden, Henriette, additional, Potts, Andrew D., additional, Fasina, Folorunso O., additional, Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, additional, Kolo, Francis B., additional, Lötter, Christine, additional, Byaruhanga, Charles, additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Wunder, Elsio A., additional, and Adesiyun, Abiodun A., additional

Published
2023
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123. Factors associated with differential seropositivity toLeptospira interrogansandLeptospira kirschneriin a high transmission urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil

Author

de Oliveira, Daiana, primary, Khalil, Hussein, additional, Almerinda G. Palma, Fabiana, additional, Santana, Roberta, additional, Nery, Nivison, additional, Quintero-Vélez, Juan C., additional, Zeppelini, Caio Graco, additional, do Sacramento, Gielson Almeida, additional, Cruz, Jaqueline, additional, Lustosa, Ricardo, additional, Ferreira, Igor Santana, additional, Carvalho-Pereira, Ticiana, additional, Diggle, Peter J, additional, Wunder, Elsio A., additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Lopez, Yeimi Alzate, additional, Begon, Mike, additional, Reis, Mitermayer G., additional, and Costa, Federico, additional

Published
2023
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125. Supplementary Figures 1-2, Tables 1-2 from Up-regulation of Inflammatory Signalings by Areca Nut Extract and Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 −1195G>A Polymorphism Reveal Risk of Oral Cancer

Author

Chiang, Shang-Lun, primary, Chen, Ping-Ho, primary, Lee, Chien-Hung, primary, Ko, Albert Min-Shan, primary, Lee, Ka-Wo, primary, Lin, Ying-Chu, primary, Ho, Pei-Shan, primary, Tu, Hung-Pin, primary, Wu, Deng-Chyang, primary, Shieh, Tien-Yu, primary, and Ko, Ying-Chin, primary

Published
2023
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126. Nonsystematic Reporting Biases of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant Mu Could Impact Our Understanding of the Epidemiological Dynamics of Emerging Variants

Author

Petrone, Mary E, primary, Lucas, Carolina, additional, Menasche, Bridget, additional, Breban, Mallery I, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Campbell, Melissa, additional, Omer, Saad B, additional, Holmes, Edward C, additional, Ko, Albert I, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D, additional, Iwasaki, Akiko, additional, Wilen, Craig B, additional, Vogels, Chantal B F, additional, and Fauver, Joseph R, additional

Published
2023
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128. Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years

Author

Wang, Hongru, primary, Yang, Melinda A., additional, Wangdue, Shargan, additional, Lu, Hongliang, additional, Chen, Honghai, additional, Li, Linhui, additional, Dong, Guanghui, additional, Tsring, Tinley, additional, Yuan, Haibing, additional, He, Wei, additional, Ding, Manyu, additional, Wu, Xiaohong, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Tashi, Norbu, additional, Yang, Tsho, additional, Yang, Feng, additional, Tong, Yan, additional, Chen, Zujun, additional, He, Yuanhong, additional, Cao, Peng, additional, Dai, Qingyan, additional, Liu, Feng, additional, Feng, Xiaotian, additional, Wang, Tianyi, additional, Yang, Ruowei, additional, Ping, Wanjing, additional, Zhang, Zhaoxia, additional, Gao, Yang, additional, Zhang, Ming, additional, Wang, Xiaoji, additional, Zhang, Chao, additional, Yuan, Kai, additional, Ko, Albert Min-Shan, additional, Aldenderfer, Mark, additional, Gao, Xing, additional, Xu, Shuhua, additional, and Fu, Qiaomei, additional

Published
2023
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130. Evidence of Leaky Protection Following COVID-19 Vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a US Correctional Facility Population

Author

Lind, Margaret L, primary, Dorion, Murilo, additional, Houde, Amy J, additional, Lansing, Mary, additional, Lapidus, Sarah, additional, Thomas, Russell, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Schulz, Wade L., additional, Andrews, Jason R., additional, Hitchings, Matt DT, additional, Kennedy, Byron S., additional, Richeson, Robert P., additional, Cummings, Derek AT, additional, and Ko, Albert I, additional

Published
2023
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132. Routine saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2 in children: Methods for partnering with community childcare centers

Author

Rayack, Erica J., primary, Askari, Hibah Mahwish, additional, Zirinsky, Elissa, additional, Lapidus, Sarah, additional, Sheikha, Hassan, additional, Peno, Chikondi, additional, Kazemi, Yasaman, additional, Yolda-Carr, Devyn, additional, Liu, Chen, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D., additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Wyllie, Anne L., additional, Spatz, Erica S., additional, Oliveira, Carlos R., additional, and Bei, Amy K., additional

Published
2023
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134. Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission:a cluster non-randomised controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil

Author

Cremonese, Cleber, Souza, Fabio Neves, Palma, Fabiana Almerinda Gonçalves, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Brito, Ricardo Lustosa, Ribeiro, Priscyla dos Santos, Santana, Juliet Oliveira, Coelho, Rachel Helena, Ticona, Juan P Aguilar, Nazaré, Romero J, de Oliveira, Daiana, Silva, Cainã Queiroz, Eyre, Max T, Mendes, Vinícius de Araújo, Knee, Jackie, Ristow, Paula, Stauber, Christine E, López, Yeimi Alexandra Alzate, Giorgi, Emanuele, Diggle, Peter J, Reis, Mitermayer Galvão G, Cumming, Oliver, Ko, Albert, Costa, Federico, Cremonese, Cleber, Souza, Fabio Neves, Palma, Fabiana Almerinda Gonçalves, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Brito, Ricardo Lustosa, Ribeiro, Priscyla dos Santos, Santana, Juliet Oliveira, Coelho, Rachel Helena, Ticona, Juan P Aguilar, Nazaré, Romero J, de Oliveira, Daiana, Silva, Cainã Queiroz, Eyre, Max T, Mendes, Vinícius de Araújo, Knee, Jackie, Ristow, Paula, Stauber, Christine E, López, Yeimi Alexandra Alzate, Giorgi, Emanuele, Diggle, Peter J, Reis, Mitermayer Galvão G, Cumming, Oliver, Ko, Albert, and Costa, Federico

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic and environmentally mediated disease that has emerged as a major health problem in urban slums in developing countries. Its aetiological agent is bacteria of the genus , which are mainly spread in the urine of infected rodents, especially in an environment where adequate sanitation facilities are lacking, and it is known that open sewers are key transmission sources of the disease. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a simplified sewerage intervention in reducing the risk of exposure to contaminated environments and infection and to characterise the transmission mechanisms involved. This matched quasi-experimental study design using non-randomised intervention and control clusters was designed to assess the effectiveness of an urban simplified sewerage intervention in the low-income communities of Salvador, Brazil. The intervention consists of household-level piped sewerage connections and community engagement and public involvement activities. A cohort of 1400 adult participants will be recruited and grouped into eight clusters consisting of four matched intervention-control pairs with approximately 175 individuals in each cluster in baseline. The primary outcome is the seroincidence of infection assessed through five serological measurements: one preintervention (baseline) and four postintervention. As a secondary outcome, we will assess load in soil, before and after the intervention. We will also assess exposures before and after the intervention, through transmission modelling, accounting for residents' movement, contact with flooding, contaminated soil and water, and rat infestation, to examine whether and how routes of exposure for change following the introduction of sanitation. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the ethics boards at the Federal University of Bahia and the Brazilian National Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publicat

Published
2023

135. Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission : a cluster non-randomised controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil

Author

Cremonese, Cleber, Souza, Fabio Neves, Palma, Fabiana Almerinda Gonçalves, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Brito, Ricardo Lustosa, Ribeiro, Priscyla dos Santos, Santana, Juliet Oliveira, Coelho, Rachel Helena, Ticona, Juan P Aguilar, Nazaré, Romero J, de Oliveira, Daiana, Silva, Cainã Queiroz, Eyre, Max T, Mendes, Vinícius de Araújo, Knee, Jackie, Ristow, Paula, Stauber, Christine E, López, Yeimi Alexandra Alzate, Giorgi, Emanuele, Diggle, Peter J, Reis, Mitermayer Galvão G, Cumming, Oliver, Ko, Albert, Costa, Federico, Cremonese, Cleber, Souza, Fabio Neves, Palma, Fabiana Almerinda Gonçalves, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Brito, Ricardo Lustosa, Ribeiro, Priscyla dos Santos, Santana, Juliet Oliveira, Coelho, Rachel Helena, Ticona, Juan P Aguilar, Nazaré, Romero J, de Oliveira, Daiana, Silva, Cainã Queiroz, Eyre, Max T, Mendes, Vinícius de Araújo, Knee, Jackie, Ristow, Paula, Stauber, Christine E, López, Yeimi Alexandra Alzate, Giorgi, Emanuele, Diggle, Peter J, Reis, Mitermayer Galvão G, Cumming, Oliver, Ko, Albert, and Costa, Federico

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic and environmentally mediated disease that has emerged as a major health problem in urban slums in developing countries. Its aetiological agent is bacteria of the genus , which are mainly spread in the urine of infected rodents, especially in an environment where adequate sanitation facilities are lacking, and it is known that open sewers are key transmission sources of the disease. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a simplified sewerage intervention in reducing the risk of exposure to contaminated environments and infection and to characterise the transmission mechanisms involved. This matched quasi-experimental study design using non-randomised intervention and control clusters was designed to assess the effectiveness of an urban simplified sewerage intervention in the low-income communities of Salvador, Brazil. The intervention consists of household-level piped sewerage connections and community engagement and public involvement activities. A cohort of 1400 adult participants will be recruited and grouped into eight clusters consisting of four matched intervention-control pairs with approximately 175 individuals in each cluster in baseline. The primary outcome is the seroincidence of infection assessed through five serological measurements: one preintervention (baseline) and four postintervention. As a secondary outcome, we will assess load in soil, before and after the intervention. We will also assess exposures before and after the intervention, through transmission modelling, accounting for residents' movement, contact with flooding, contaminated soil and water, and rat infestation, to examine whether and how routes of exposure for change following the introduction of sanitation. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the ethics boards at the Federal University of Bahia and the Brazilian National Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publicat

Published
2023

137. International prospective observational cohort study of Zika in infants and pregnancy (ZIP study): study protocol

Author

Lebov, Jill F., Arias, Juan F., Balmaseda, Angel, Britt, William, Cordero, José F., Galvão, Luiz Augusto, Garces, Ana Lucía, Hambidge, K. Michael, Harris, Eva, Ko, Albert, Krebs, Nancy, Marques, Ernesto T. A., Martinez, Alexander M., McClure, Elizabeth, Miranda-Filho, Democrito B., Moreira, Maria Elisabeth Lopes, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa M., Ochoa, Theresa J., Osorio, Jorge E., Scalabrin, Deolinda M. F., Schultz-Cherry, Stacey, Seage, III, George R., Stolka, Kristen, Ugarte-Gil, César Augusto, Vega, Carmen Milagros Velez, Welton, Michael, Ximenes, Ricardo, and Zorrilla, Carmen

Published
2019
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138. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Author

Ribeiro, Carla Celina, primary, Santos, Andrea da Silva, additional, Tshua, Daniel Henrique, additional, Oliveira, Roberto Dias de, additional, Lemos, Everton Ferreira, additional, Bourdillon, Paul, additional, Laranjeira, Alexandre, additional, Gonçalves, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone, additional, Andrews, Jason, additional, Ko, Albert, additional, and Croda, Julio, additional

Published
2023
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139. Contact Patterns of Health Care Work Force from a Quaternary Health Center in the United States

Author

Ahmed, Noureen, primary, Campbell, Melissa, additional, Borg, Ryan, additional, Pischel, Lauren, additional, Aguolu, Obianuju, additional, Willegrand, Kathryn, additional, Malik, Amyn A., additional, Kiti, Moses, additional, Paintsil, Elliott, additional, Jenness, Samuel, additional, Zhang, William, additional, Muenker, M. Catherine, additional, Lopman, Ben, additional, Belskey, Justin, additional, Martinello, RicK, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Ko, Albert, additional, and Omer, Saad, additional

Published
2023
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141. Nasal host response-based screening for undiagnosed respiratory viruses: a pathogen surveillance and detection study

Author

Cheemarla, Nagarjuna R, primary, Hanron, Amelia, additional, Fauver, Joseph R, additional, Bishai, Jason, additional, Watkins, Timothy A, additional, Brito, Anderson F, additional, Zhao, Dejian, additional, Alpert, Tara, additional, Vogels, Chantal B F, additional, Ko, Albert I, additional, Schulz, Wade L, additional, Landry, Marie L, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D, additional, van Dijk, David, additional, and Foxman, Ellen F, additional

Published
2023
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145. Why is leptospirosis hard to avoid for the impoverished? Deconstructing leptospirosis transmission risk and the drivers of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in a disadvantaged community in Salvador, Brazil

Author

Palma, Fabiana Almerinda G., primary, Costa, Federico, additional, Lustosa, Ricardo, additional, Mogaji, Hammed O., additional, de Oliveira, Daiana Santos, additional, Souza, Fábio Neves, additional, Reis, Mitermayer G., additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Begon, Michael, additional, and Khalil, Hussein, additional

Published
2022
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146. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Estimate the Contribution of Immune Evasion and Waning Immunity on Decreasing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness

Author

Lind, Margaret L, primary, Copin, Richard, additional, McCarthy, Shane, additional, Coppi, Andreas, additional, Warner, Fred, additional, Ferguson, David, additional, Duckwall, Chelsea, additional, Borg, Ryan, additional, Muenker, M Catherine, additional, Overton, John, additional, Hamon, Sara, additional, Zhou, Anbo, additional, Cummings, Derek A T, additional, Ko, Albert I, additional, Hamilton, Jennifer D, additional, Schulz, Wade L, additional, and Hitchings, Matt D T, additional

Published
2022
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147. Corrigendum: Escape of TLR5 recognition by Leptospira spp.: A rationale for atypical endoflagella

Author

Holzapfel, Marion, primary, Bonhomme, Delphine, additional, Cagliero, Julie, additional, Vernel-Pauillac, Frédérique, additional, d’Andon, Martine Fanton, additional, Bortolussi, Sophia, additional, Fiette, Laurence, additional, Goarant, Cyrille, additional, Wunder, Elsio A., additional, Picardeau, Mathieu, additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Werling, Dirk, additional, Matsui, Mariko, additional, Boneca, Ivo G., additional, and Werts, Catherine, additional

Published
2022
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148. Systematic review of genetic insights into the prehistory of the Kra-Dai people and their relationship to the Austronesians

Author

Ying-Chin Ko, Tu, Hung-Pin, and Ko, Albert Min-Shan

Subjects
Austronesian, Medicine and Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Kra-Dai, Austroasiatic, Taiwanese aborigines
Abstract

The Austronesians who returned from Taiwan introduced genes and language to the Kra-Dai people, spreading to southern China, and then to Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam or nearby regions at different times and places of dispersion, thereby enhancing the Kra-Dai–Austronesian relations through demic diffusion. Therefore, the ancestral Kra-Dai and Austronesian groups intermixed on the mainland at least twice.

Published
2023
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150. Increase in tuberculosis cases among prisoners, Brazil, 2009-2014

Author

Bourdillon, Paul M., Goncalves, Crhistinne C.M., Pelissari, Daniele Maria, Arakaki-Sanchez, Denise, Ko, Albert I., Croda, Julio, and Andrews, Jason R.

Subjects
Prison overcrowding, Prisoners -- Surveys, Smoking -- Development and progression, Disease transmission -- Development and progression, Prisons, Tuberculosis -- Development and progression, Health
Abstract

In 2014, Brazil had the world's fourth largest prison population, with more than half a million prisoners in 1,424 facilities (1). Prison conditions include overcrowding, frequent prisoner movement, poor ventilation, [...]

Published
2017
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