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Trauma-related cognitions play an important role in formation and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in a sample of 227 females who had experienced sexual violence. Data were collected from victims who sought victim support services following sexual violence between 2011 and 2015. The Impact of Event Scale–Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder severity, depression, and anxiety, respectively. The three-factor solution of the PTCI (SELF, WORLD, BLAME) was supported; however, it was necessary to remove five items from the original 33-item scale. The 28-item PTCI displays good internal consistency, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. SELF and WORLD subscales correlated with trauma symptom severity, controlling depression and anxiety. This is the first study to investigate factor structure and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTCI with female victims of sexual violence, which demonstrated that 28-item version of PTCI is an acceptable assessment measure of examining trauma-related cognitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although body composition is related to lung function, few studies have reported the effects of sarcopenic obesity on lung function. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between lung function and sarcopenia in the presence and in the absence of obesity. We analyzed nationally representative data of 3044 adults aged > 60 years as collated by the 'Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2016. Subjects were classified into four groups: non-sarcopenic non-obese (S-O-), non-sarcopenic obese (S-O+), sarcopenic non-obese (S+O-), and sarcopenic obese (S+O+) according to handgrip strength (GS) and body mass index (BMI). GS was found to be positively associated with forced volume vital capacity (FVC). The S+O+ group had significantly lower FVC values than the S-O- group. Subjects in the S+O+ group were more likely to have restrictive lung disease than those in the S-O- group (odds ratios [ORs] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72-4.59), and the ORs of restrictive lung disease in S+O+ group were higher than in the S-O+ or S+O- groups. These results were consistent after stratifying by sex and age (61-70 and 71-80). FEV1/FVC ratios (a marker for obstructive lung disease) were not significantly different between S+O+ and S-O- groups. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with a higher risk of restrictive lung disease in Korean elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)4F2 is involved in the exposure of vitamin K1 through a drug interaction study with ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 inhibitor, and a pharmacogenetic study with CYP4F2*3. Twenty‐one participants with different CYP4F2*3 polymorphisms were enrolled (8 for *1/*1, 7 for *1/*3, and 6 for *3/*3). All participants were treated twice daily for 5 days with 200 mg of ketoconazole or placebo. Finally, a single dose of 10 mg vitamin K1 was administered, plasma levels of vitamin K1 were measured, and its pharmacokinetics was assessed. Ketoconazole elevated the plasma levels of vitamin K1 and increased the average area under the concentration‐time curve (AUCinf) and peak concentration by 41% and 40%, respectively. CYP4F2*3 polymorphism also affected plasma levels of vitamin K1 and its pharmacokinetics in a gene dose–dependent manner. The average AUCinf value was 659.8 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*1, 878.1 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*3, and 1125.2 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*3/*3 (P =.010). This study revealed that ketoconazole and CYP4F2*3 polymorphism substantially increased the exposure of vitamin K1 in humans. These findings provide a plausible explanation for variations in warfarin dose requirements resulting from interindividual variations in vitamin K1 exposure due to CYP4F2‐related drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)4F2 is involved in the exposure of vitamin K1 through a drug interaction study with ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 inhibitor, and a pharmacogenetic study with CYP4F2*3. Twenty‐one participants with different CYP4F2*3 polymorphisms were enrolled (8 for *1/*1, 7 for *1/*3, and 6 for *3/*3). All participants were treated twice daily for 5 days with 200 mg of ketoconazole or placebo. Finally, a single dose of 10 mg vitamin K1 was administered, plasma levels of vitamin K1 were measured, and its pharmacokinetics was assessed. Ketoconazole elevated the plasma levels of vitamin K1 and increased the average area under the concentration‐time curve (AUCinf) and peak concentration by 41% and 40%, respectively. CYP4F2*3 polymorphism also affected plasma levels of vitamin K1 and its pharmacokinetics in a gene dose–dependent manner. The average AUCinf value was 659.8 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*1, 878.1 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*3, and 1125.2 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*3/*3 (P =.010). This study revealed that ketoconazole and CYP4F2*3 polymorphism substantially increased the exposure of vitamin K1 in humans. These findings provide a plausible explanation for variations in warfarin dose requirements resulting from interindividual variations in vitamin K1 exposure due to CYP4F2‐related drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed‐dose combination (FDC) of gemigliptin and rosuvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Research Design and Methods: A total of 33 hospitals in Korea participated in this randomized, double‐blind trial of diabetic patients with dyslipidaemia. A total of 290 participants were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive an FDC of gemigliptin (50 mg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg) (GEMI/ROSU FDC group), gemigliptin (50 mg) (GEMI group) or rosuvastatin (20 mg) (ROSU group). Rosuvastatin was up‐titrated from 5 to 20 mg/d throughout the study period. Primary efficacy measures were changes in HbA1c and LDL‐C from baseline to Week 24 between the GEMI/ROSU FDC and ROSU groups and between the GEMI/ROSU FDC and GEMI groups, respectively. Secondary efficacy measures were changes in HbA1c and LDL‐C between the GEMI/ROSU FDC and GEMI groups and between the GEMI/ROSU FDC and ROSU groups, respectively. Results: After 24 weeks of treatment, a significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline was noted in the GEMI/ROSU FDC group (−0.81% of LS mean; P < 0.0001 vs ROSU group), in addition to a significant reduction in LDL‐C concentration (−51.9% of LS mean percentage changes, P < 0.0001 vs GEMI group). HbA1c was significantly reduced from baseline in both the GEMI/ROSU FDC and GEMI groups, but the reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater in the GEMI group than in the GEMI/ROSU FDC group, despite receiving the same dose of gemigliptin. The decrease in LDL‐C over time was similar between the GEMI/ROSU FDC and ROSU groups. There were no significant differences in adverse events among the groups. Conclusion: The FDC of gemigliptin and rosuvastatin is safe and is effective in reducing both blood glucose and LDL‐C levels; thus, it could be a good therapeutic choice for type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]