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This study explores the phylogeny of Korean native black goats through analysis of their complete mitochondrial DNA. The National Institute of Animal Science has gathered genetic material on purebred goats from isolated regions such as Tongyeong, Dangjin, and Jangsu, and is actively breeding them on a national level. These populations, however, are small and exhibit high inbreeding rates, highlighting the urgent need to preserve genetic diversity. The haplotype diversity within this native group is 0.659, with 39 haplotypes identified. By contrast, including international breeds in the analysis increases the overall haplotype diversity to 0.925 with 203 haplotypes identified, highlighting the limited genetic diversity among native black goats. For phylogenetic assessment, a neighbor-joining tree and median-joining network were constructed using identified haplogroups (A, B, C, D, G, and F) from prior studies. The results pinpoint the native black goats as closely related to, but distinct from, Haplogroup A with a bootstrap value of 98, establishing them as a separate clade (A'). This supports the notion of a shared ancestry with various global populations. This research provides essential data on the origins and evolutionary history of Korean native black goats, supporting conservation and breeding efforts aimed at enhancing genetic diversity.

To understand how competition affects the diversity of information, we study the social contagion model introduced by Halvorsen-Pedersen-Sneppen (HPS) [G. S. Halvorsen, B. N. Pedersen, and K. Sneppen, Phys. Rev. E 103, 022303 (2021)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.103.022303] on one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) static networks. By mapping the information value to the height of the interface, we find that the width W(N,t) does not satisfy the well-known Family-Vicsek finite-size scaling ansatz. From the numerical simulations, we find that the dynamic exponent z should be modified for the HPS model. For 1D static networks, the numerical results show that the information landscape is always rough with an anomalously large growth exponent, β. Based on the analytic derivation of W(N,t), we show that the constant small number of influencers created for unit time and the recruitment of new followers are two processes responsible for the anomalous values of β and z. Furthermore, we also find that the information landscape on 2D static networks undergoes a roughening transition, and the metastable state emerges only in the vicinity of the transition threshold.

Skin is highly vulnerable to premature aging due to external stress, therefore, in this study, a peptide formulation, (galloyl) 2 -KTPPTTP (Gal 2 -Pep) was synthesized by combining TPPTTP peptide, and gallic acid (GA). All peptides were synthesized on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and analyzed on an electrospray ionization (ESI)/quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) tandem mass spectroscopy (MS) system. Initially, Gal 2 -Pep showed no toxicity below the concentration 100 μM with cell survival rate of 88% for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of Gal 2 -Pep was more stable compared to GA alone; and after four weeks at room temperature, its ROS scavenging activity remained higher than 50%. Moreover, the peptide formulation, Gal 2 -Pep also exhibited elastase inhibitory effect in CCD-1064Sk fibroblast cells. Based on the results of RT-qPCR, it was proved in this study that Gal 2 -Pep increased the expression of PGC-1α to prevent oxidative stress, and validated its potential as an anti-aging agent through increasing the expression of type I collagen and by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). The findings obtained reinforce the suggestion that the peptide formulation synthesized in this study could be used as a natural antioxidant and anti-aging agent for its cosmetic applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

We encountered a case of total parenteral nutrition-associated lactic acidosis that did not respond to sodium bicarbonate or other conventional emergency treatments. He was characterized by minimal food intake before surgery, delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy due to pancreas head cancer and long-term total parenteral nutrition without food intake and vitamin supplements after surgery. After thiamine administration, the patient very quickly recovered with dramatic reestablishment of the acid-base balance. We emphasize the need to supplement total parenteral nutrition with thiamine-containing vitamins for the patients whose food intake does not meet nutritional requirements and to intravenously replenish using high-dose thiamine simultaneously with the manifestation of signs and symptoms of severe lactic acidosis with unknown cause. In conclusion, thiamine deficiency should be included in the differential diagnosis of lactic acidosis for the patients who received total parenteral nutrition without food intake and vitamin supplements.