135 results on '"Kim, Jeonghoon"'
Search Results
102. Indoor PM2.5Concentrations in Different Sizes of Pubs with Non-comprehensive Smoke-free Regulation
- Author
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Kim, Jeonghoon, primary, Lim, Chaeyun, additional, Lee, Daeyeop, additional, Kim, Heyjin, additional, Guak, Sooyoung, additional, Lee, Na Eun, additional, Kim, Sang Hwan, additional, Ha, Kwon Chul, additional, and Lee, Kiyoung, additional
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
103. Association between exposure to antimicrobial household products and allergic symptoms
- Author
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Hong, Soyoung, primary, Kwon, Ho-Jang, additional, Choi, Won-Jun, additional, Lim, Wan Ryung, additional, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, and Kim, KyooSang, additional
- Published
- 2014
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104. Factors associated with secondhand smoke incursion into the homes of non-smoking residents in a multi-unit housing complex: a cross-sectional study in Seoul, Korea.
- Author
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Jeonghoon Kim, Kiyoung Lee, KyooSang Kim, Kim, Jeonghoon, Lee, Kiyoung, and Kim, KyooSang
- Subjects
PASSIVE smoking ,NONSMOKING areas ,NATURAL ventilation ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SMOKE -- Environmental aspects ,HOUSING ,SMOKING ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Background: In a multi-unit housing (MUH) complex, secondhand smoke (SHS) can pass from one living space to another. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SHS incursion, and to establish the relationship between SHS incursion and socio-demographic and built environmental factors in MUH in Korea.Methods: A population-based sample of 2600 residents (aged ≥19 years) living in MUH from across the city of Seoul, Korea, was obtained through a web-based selection panel. The residents completed a questionnaire detailing socio-demographic factors, smoking status, frequency of SHS incursion, and built environmental factors. The presence of a personal smoke-free home rule was determined by residents declaring that no one smoked inside the home.Results: Of the 2600 participants, non-smoking residents who lived in homes with a personal smoke-free rule were selected for further analysis (n = 1784). In the previous 12 months, 74.7% of residents had experienced SHS incursion ≥1 times. A multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that residents who spent more time at home, lived with children, supported the implementation of smoke-free regulations in MUH, lived in small homes, lived in homes with natural ventilation provided by opening a front door or the windows and front door, and lived in homes with more frequent natural ventilation were more likely to report SHS incursion into their homes.Conclusions: The majority of the non-smoking residents experienced SHS incursion, even with a personal smoke-free rule in their homes. A smoke-free policy in MUH is needed to protect residents from SHS exposure when they are at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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105. Antiviral Activity of Hederasaponin B from Hedera helix against Enterovirus 71 Subgenotypes C3 and C4a
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Song, JaeHyoung, primary, Yeo, Sang-Gu, additional, Hong, Eun-Hye, additional, Lee, Bo-Ra, additional, Kim, Jin-Won, additional, Kim, JeongHoon, additional, Jeong, HyeonGun, additional, Kwon, YongSoo, additional, Kim, HyunPyo, additional, Lee, SangWon, additional, Park, Jae-Hak, additional, and Ko, Hyun-Jeong, additional
- Published
- 2014
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106. Investigation of the Herschel-Quincke tube concept in a rectangular lined duct
- Author
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Kim, Jeonghoon, Mechanical Engineering, Burdisso, Ricardo A., Johnson, Martin E., and Ng, Fai
- Subjects
liner ,aeroacoustics ,Herschel-Quincke ,higher-order modes - Abstract
In this research an innovative combination of the Herschel-Quincke tubes and traditional liners is proposed for application in noise reduction of aircraft engines. The approach consists of installing Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tubes on lined rectangular ducts. An analytical model was developed to predict the effects of HQ tubes applied to rectangular lined ducts. The technique involves assuming the tube-duct interfaces as finite piston sources. These sources couple the acoustic field inside the duct with the acoustic field within the HQ tubes. The accuracy of the analytical model was validated with experimental data. Three different types of experimental configurations were tested: liner only, HQ tube with a hard wall duct, and HQ tubes with liners. Analytical predictions were shown to correlate well with the experimental data. Two typical types of liners, perforate and linear, were tested in these investigations. The perforate and linear liners with HQ systems showed better sound attenuations than the HQ tubes with hard walled ducts and liners only systems. The performance of the perforate and linear liners with HQ tubes were investigated in various configurations. The results indicated possible combinations which show great potential for reducing the noise within the ducts. Master of Science
- Published
- 2001
107. Indoor aldehydes concentration and emission rate of formaldehyde in libraries and private reading rooms
- Author
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Kim, Jeonghoon, primary, Kim, Seojin, additional, Lee, Kiyoung, additional, Yoon, Dongwon, additional, Lee, Jiryang, additional, and Ju, DaeYoung, additional
- Published
- 2013
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108. Exposures to Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5and PM10in Cooking and Non-Cooking Areas of Department Stores in Seoul
- Author
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Cho, Hyeri, primary, Gu, Seulgi, additional, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, Kim, Satbyul, additional, and Lee, Kiyoung, additional
- Published
- 2013
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109. Characterization of urinary cotinine in non-smoking residents in smoke-free homes in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS).
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Jeonghoon Kim, Kiyoung Lee, Kim, Jeonghoon, and Lee, Kiyoung
- Subjects
COTININE ,URINARY organs ,NONSMOKING areas ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,DEMOGRAPHY ,HOUSING ,PASSIVE smoking ,SURVEYS ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to determine urinary cotinine concentrations in non-smoking residents of smoke-free homes and to establish the relationship of urinary cotinine with housing type and other socio-demographic and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure factors.Methods: We used data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey I (2009-2011). The study included 814 non-smoking adult residents living in apartments, attached, and detached housing. Residents who lived with smokers were excluded. Urinary cotinine concentration was used as a biomarker for SHS exposure. The factors associated with urinary cotinine levels in non-smoking residents were determined using multivariate regression analysis.Results: Urinary cotinine was detected in 88 % of the 814 non-smoking residents of smoke-free homes. The urinary cotinine concentrations of residents living in attached [1.18 ng/mg creatinine (Cr)] and detached housing (1.23 ng/mg Cr) were significantly higher than those of residents who lived in apartments (0.69 ng/mg Cr). Urinary cotinine concentrations were significantly higher in residents who were men, those with a household income ≤1000 USD/month, those who were former smokers with >1 year and ≤1 year of not smoking, and those who experienced SHS odor every day. In the multivariate regression analysis, housing type, sex, former smoking status, and frequency of experiencing SHS odor were associated with urinary cotinine concentrations (R (2) = 0.14).Conclusions: The majority of non-smoking residents of smoke-free homes had detectable urinary cotinine. Housing type, sex, former smoking status, and frequency of experiencing SHS odor were predictors for urinary cotinine concentrations in the study participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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110. Air Quality, Biomarker Levels, and Health Effects on Staff in Korean Restaurants and Pubs Before and After a Smoking Ban.
- Author
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Jeonghoon Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Kiyoung Lee, Do-Hoon Lee, Yujin Paek, Sung-Soo Kim, Soyoung Hong, Wanryung Lim, Jae-Hyeok Heo, Kyoosang Kim, Kim, Jeonghoon, Kwon, Ho-Jang, Lee, Kiyoung, Lee, Do-Hoon, Paek, Yujin, Kim, Sung-Soo, Hong, Soyoung, Lim, Wanryung, Heo, Jae-Hyeok, and Kim, Kyoosang
- Subjects
HEALTH of food service employees ,SMOKING policy ,RESTAURANTS ,BARS (Drinking establishments) ,BIOMARKERS ,AIR quality ,COTININE ,URINALYSIS ,RESTAURANT laws ,SMOKING laws ,INDOOR air pollution ,PASSIVE smoking - Abstract
Introduction: The Korean government implemented a smoking ban at square floor area of ≥150 m(2), rather than <150 m(2), restaurants and pubs from July 2013. This study examined the effects of the smoking regulations in restaurants and pubs in terms of the air quality, biomarker levels and health effects on staff.Methods: Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was measured in 146 facilities before and 1 month after the ban. The urinary cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL) levels were measured in 101 staff members at 77 facilities before and 1 month after the ban. We also measured self-reported respiratory and sensory symptoms on both phases.Results: Of the 146 facilities, 121 facilities were included in the PM2.5 analysis. In ≥150 m(2) pubs, the indoor PM2.5 concentration was significantly reduced after the ban (p < .05). While the urinary cotinine concentrations of the staff in all facilities were not changed after the ban, the total NNAL concentrations of the staff in ≥150 m(2) pubs were significantly reduced after the ban (p < .05). The health effects on staff show that only sensory symptoms significantly improved in ≥150 m(2) facilities after the ban (p < .05).Conclusions: The smoking ban significantly reduced the levels of PM2.5 and total NNAL concentrations in ≥150 m(2) pubs and improved sensory health among staff in ≥150 m(2) facilities. The results of this study can be useful in supporting an expansion of the smoking ban in all indoor places, including <150 m(2) restaurants and pubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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111. Personal exposures to PM2.5 and their relationships with microenvironmental concentrations
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Lim, Soogil, primary, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, Kim, Taehyun, additional, Lee, Kiyoung, additional, Yang, Wonho, additional, Jun, Sangil, additional, and Yu, Seungdo, additional
- Published
- 2012
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112. New insight into doctrine via simulation interoperation of heterogeneous levels of models in battle experimentation
- Author
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Kim, JeongHoon, primary, Moon, Il-Chul, additional, and Kim, Tag Gon, additional
- Published
- 2011
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113. Investigation of the Herschel-Quincke tube concept in a rectangular lined duct
- Author
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Kim, Jeonghoon and Kim, Jeonghoon
- Abstract
In this research an innovative combination of the Herschel-Quincke tubes and traditional liners is proposed for application in noise reduction of aircraft engines. The approach consists of installing Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tubes on lined rectangular ducts. An analytical model was developed to predict the effects of HQ tubes applied to rectangular lined ducts. The technique involves assuming the tube-duct interfaces as finite piston sources. These sources couple the acoustic field inside the duct with the acoustic field within the HQ tubes. The accuracy of the analytical model was validated with experimental data. Three different types of experimental configurations were tested: liner only, HQ tube with a hard wall duct, and HQ tubes with liners. Analytical predictions were shown to correlate well with the experimental data. Two typical types of liners, perforate and linear, were tested in these investigations. The perforate and linear liners with HQ systems showed better sound attenuations than the HQ tubes with hard walled ducts and liners only systems. The performance of the perforate and linear liners with HQ tubes were investigated in various configurations. The results indicated possible combinations which show great potential for reducing the noise within the ducts.
- Published
- 2002
114. Strongly nonlinear behavior of granular chains and granular composites
- Author
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Nesterenko, Vitali F., primary, Herbold, Eric B., additional, Benson, David J., additional, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, and Daraio, Chiara, additional
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- 2008
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115. PERMEATION, SORPTION AND DIFFUSION BEHAVIORS OF OLEFINS AND NITROGEN THROUGH PDMS DENSE MEMBRANE
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KIM, JEONGHOON, primary, SHIN, HYOJIN, additional, CHOI, SEONGHAK, additional, PARK, INJUN, additional, and LEE, SOOBOK, additional
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- 2004
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116. Wideband enhancement of television images for people with visual impairments
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Peli, Eli, primary, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, Yitzhaky, Yitzhak, additional, Goldstein, Robert B., additional, and Woods, Russell L., additional
- Published
- 2004
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117. DEVS-based doctrine validation of fleet anti-air defense.
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Kim, JeongHoon., Choi, ChangBeom., Moon, Il-Chul, and Kim, TagGon.
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- 2010
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118. Tunable gain-flattening filter using long-period fiber grating based on periodic core deformation
- Author
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Sohn, Ik-bu, primary, Kim, Jeonghoon, additional, Lee, Namkwon, additional, Kwon, Hyungwoo, additional, and Song, Jaewon, additional
- Published
- 2001
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119. Low-temperature vacuum stripping of CO2 from aqueous amine solutions using thin-film silicalite-filled PDMS composite membranes.
- Author
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Ahn, Hyoseong, Kim, Jeonghoon, and Kim, Jeong-Hoon
- Subjects
LOW temperatures ,CARBON dioxide ,AQUEOUS solutions ,AMINES ,THIN films ,DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANES ,ARTIFICIAL membranes - Abstract
Highlights: [•] We studied low temperature CO
2 regeneration in amine desorption processes using vacuum membrane technology. [•] Hydrophobic silicalite-filled PDMS-coated composite membrane was used. [•] CO2 stripping fluxes were higher in the TEA and DEA than MEA solution. [•] The PDMS composite membranes showed excellent stability in the vacuum stripping. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2013
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120. New insight into doctrine via simulation interoperation of heterogeneous levels of models in battle experimentation.
- Author
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Kim, JeongHoon, Moon, Il-Chul, and Kim, Tag Gon
- Abstract
As the complexity of military operations increases, defense modeling and simulation (DM&S) has contributed in analytically improving doctrines at various levels. To date, defense modelers concentrate on the best representation model of their targeted system at their targeted level with their targeted doctrine. However, insights into the doctrine from the battle experiment using such models are limited by the represented world of the model, and the modelers are missing potential insights into the doctrine that they might have gained if they had included more features in the models. Hence, this paper illustrates a battle experiment framework via the simulation interoperation of the heterogeneous levels of models. Our application is developing a mission-level doctrine for naval air defense scenarios, but a mission-level model alone does not represent the whole picture of the scenarios, and the model only represents the command and control (C2) procedures in detail, not the mechanical- and the engagement level features. On the other hand, an engagement-level model depicts some of the missing parts of the scenarios in the mission-level model. Our finding is that we can gain new insights, that is, an optimal decision-making timing of C2, into the mission-level doctrine from performing battle experiments by interoperating two such models at the mission and the engagement levels. We expect that this work will provide a new methodology for battle experiments by extending the limitation of single-model representation of the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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121. Personal exposures to PM2.5 and their relationships with microenvironmental concentrations
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Lim, Soogil, Kim, Jeonghoon, Kim, Taehyun, Lee, Kiyoung, Yang, Wonho, Jun, Sangil, and Yu, Seungdo
- Subjects
- *
PARTICULATE matter , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *ENVIRONMENTAL health research , *AERODYNAMICS , *AIR analysis , *HUMAN ecology , *INDOOR air quality , *CHARCOAL burners - Abstract
Abstract: Personal exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) can be affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of activity pattern and the contribution of each microenvironment to personal PM2.5 exposure. Technicians carried a nephelometer for PM2.5 while engaging in scripted time location activities. The scripted activities of 10 different population groups were based on time activity patterns of the Seoul population in Korea. A total of 58 daily PM2.5 personal exposures were available for analysis. The average PM2.5 personal exposure was 19.8 ± 15.3 μg m−3. The average personal exposure of each population group ranged from 9.8 to 43.1 μg m−3. High peak and average concentrations were observed in restaurants and bars; such high concentrations were due to secondhand smoke and cooking with charcoal on tables. The residential indoor level of the nine microenvironments was the largest contributor to personal exposure. The contributions from residential indoor, non-residential indoor, transportation, and outdoor levels were 36.2%, 53.4%, 6.7%, and 3.7%, respectively. The contributions of microenvironments varied among population groups; these variations suggest that the impact of activity pattern on personal exposure is significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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122. MPEG-based image enhancement for the visually impaired
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Kim, Jeonghoon, Vora, Avni, and Peli, Eli
- Abstract
An MPEG-based image contrast enhancement algorithm for people with low vision is presented. Contrast enhancement is achieved by modifying the inter- and intra-quantization matrices in the MPEG decoder during the decompression stage. The algorithm has low computational complexity and does not affect the MPEG compressibility of the original image. We propose an enhancement filter based on the visual characteristics of low-vision patients, and report the results of preference experiments with 24 visually impaired subjects. Subjects favored low to moderate levels of enhancement for two of the tested video sequences, but favored only low levels of enhancement and rejected higher enhancement for two other sequences that had fast motion. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
- Published
- 2004
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123. REPLICATION PROTEIN A 32kDa SUBUNIT (RPA p32) BINDS THE SH2 DOMAIN OF STAT3 AND REGULATES ITS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY
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Kim, Jeonghoon, Kim, Dohoon, and Chung, Jongkyeong
- Abstract
STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are transcription factors that contain SH2 domains and are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokines and growth factors. Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric complex that consists of three subunits, p70, p32 and p11, and has important functions in DNA replication and metabolism. Here, we present evidence that the RPA p32 subunit binds specifically to the SH2 domain of STAT3 in a phosphotyrosine-independent manner. We confirm their protein–protein interactions by yeast 2-hybrid analyses and in vitrobinding assays using recombinant proteins generated from bacteria and in vitrotranslation. We also show that STAT3 binds to RPA p32 in vivoby conducting co-precipitation experiments. As the SH2 domain is highly involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation and the transcriptional activity of STAT3, over-expression of RPA p32 correspondingly augmented growth factor-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and transcription activities of STAT3.
- Published
- 2000
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124. PM 2.5 and Trace Elements in Underground Shopping Districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea.
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Won, Soo Ran, Shim, In-Keun, Kim, Jeonghoon, Ji, Hyun Ah, Lee, Yumi, Lee, Jongchun, and Ghim, Young Sung
- Published
- 2021
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125. Comparing enamel hardness before and after laser and fluoride varnish treatments
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Kim, Jeonghoon
- Subjects
- Dentistry, CO2 laser, Dentition, Enamel hardness, Flouride varnish, In-vitro study, Laser irradiation
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have explored the effect of laser on improving enamel hardness and structure. However, the evidence is insufficient regarding optimal settings for laser in enhancing enamel hardness with or without fluoride. The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser irradiation in combination with and without topical fluoride varnish on enamel hardness in permanent teeth. METHODS: Forty extracted non-carious permanent teeth were prepared and treated with laser individually or in combination with fluoride varnish, at two CO2 laser settings (2 and 4 watts). Knoop enamel hardness tests were conducted for before and after treatment. Univariate analysis was conducted to evaluate differences between baseline versus post-treatment enamel hardness. RESULTS: A significant increase in post-treatment enamel hardness following CO2 laser treatment at 2 watts (p-value = 0.04) and in combination with fluoride vanish (p-value = 0.04) was observed when compared to baseline hardness. There were no significant differences between baseline and post-treatment enamel hardness following treatment with CO2 laser 4 watts, individually or in combination with fluoride varnish. While enamel hardness improved following fluoride varnish application alone, this was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.88). When comparing post-treatment enamel hardness between treatment groups there were significant increases in hardness when treated with CO2 laser (2 and 4 watts) in combination with fluoride varnish. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that CO2 lasers can be an additional resource in improving enamel hardness and should be considered for clinical use as part of preventive dental treatment.
- Published
- 2020
126. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of human cleft palate reveals evolutionally conserved molecular signatures of development: experimental study.
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Jo T, Kim J, Choi J, Kim J, and Jeong W
- Abstract
Background: The development of the secondary palate, an essential process for hard palate formation, involves intricate cellular processes. Here, we examined the expression patterns of palatal fusion-associated genes in postdevelopmental human palatal tissues., Methods: Mucosal samples collected from the anterior fused (control; n=5) and posterior unfused regions (study; n=5) of cleft palate patients were subjected to RNA sequencing. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify consistent changes in molecular signaling pathways using hallmark (h) gene set collections from the Molecular Signature Database v7.4. The results of RNA sequencing were validated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) assays with suppression of target genes, including lrp6, shh, Tgfβ-3 (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea), and negative control siRNA in a human fibroblast cell line (hs68)., Results: Transcriptome profiling of the cleft mucosa demonstrated that the fully fused anterior mucosa exhibited globally upregulated EMT, Wnt β-catenin, Hedgehog, and TGF-β signaling pathways in gene set enrichment. This strongly indicates the evolutionary conserved similarities in pathways implicated in palatogenesis, as previously shown in murine models. In EMT assays with suppression of Lrp6, Shh, and TGF-β3 in human fibroblast cell lines, suppression of Lrp6 exhibited consistent suppression effects on EMT markers. This indicates a closer association with EMT compared to the other two signals., Conclusion: Our study highlights evolutionarily conserved molecular signatures and provides insights into the importance of the EMT pathway in palatal fusion in humans. Furthermore, intraindividual comparative analysis showed the spatial regulation of gene expression within the same organism. Further research and animal models are needed to explore the complexities of EMT-related palatal fusion., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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127. Fragment molecular orbital-based variational quantum eigensolver for quantum chemistry in the age of quantum computing.
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Lim H, Kang DH, Kim J, Pellow-Jarman A, McFarthing S, Pellow-Jarman R, Jeon HN, Oh B, Rhee JK, and No KT
- Abstract
Quantum computers offer significant potential for complex system analysis, yet their application in large systems is hindered by limitations such as qubit availability and quantum hardware noise. While the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) was proposed to address these issues, its scalability remains limited. Many efforts, including new ansätze and Hamiltonian modifications, have been made to overcome these challenges. In this work, we introduced the novel Fragment Molecular Orbital/Variational Quantum Eigensolver (FMO/VQE) algorithm. This method combines the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) approach with VQE and efficiently utilizes qubits for quantum chemistry simulations. Employing the UCCSD ansatz, the FMO/VQE achieved an absolute error of just 0.053 mHa with 8 qubits in a [Formula: see text] system using the STO-3G basis set, and an error of 1.376 mHa with 16 qubits in a [Formula: see text] system with the 6-31G basis set. These results indicated a significant advancement in scalability over conventional VQE, maintaining accuracy with fewer qubits. Therefore, our FMO/VQE method exemplifies how integrating fragment-based quantum chemistry with quantum algorithms can enhance scalability, facilitating more complex molecular simulations and aligning with quantum computing advancements., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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128. Indoor air quality and its determinants in underground shopping malls in Korea.
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Kim J, Shim IK, Won SR, Hwang ES, Lee Y, Park S, Ryu J, and Lee J
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- Carbon Dioxide, Aldehydes analysis, Particulate Matter analysis, Republic of Korea, Environmental Monitoring methods, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Air Pollutants analysis, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Underground shopping malls (USMs) are often open or semi-open environments with interconnected passageways, resulting in the sharing of indoor air. However, indoor air quality (IAQ) within these spaces can vary due to many diverse emission sources. We investigated the relationships between IAQ and geographical areas, as well as IAQ and store types, within USMs, in Korea. In 2020, we studied 10 different USMs, with a total of 128 outlets. We conducted comprehensive IAQ assessments (including measurements of fine particles (PM
2.5 ), aldehydes, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) in stores, passages, and outdoor areas. The stores were categorized into three types: clothing, fashion accessories, and food services. Additionally, we measured environmental factors such as CO2 levels and presence of storefront walls. PM2.5 levels were higher outdoors, whereas aldehyde and VOC levels exhibited elevations within passages and the interior of stores than in the outdoor environment. The store-to-passage ratios for PM2.5 , individual aldehydes, and VOC concentrations ranged from 1.06 to 4.93. Formaldehyde and total VOC (TVOC) concentrations were found to be elevated in clothing and fashion accessory stores, whereas PM2.5 concentrations were more prominent in food service establishments. Specific individual compounds, including propionaldehyde, hexaldehyde, benzene, n-heptane, toluene, n-octane, xylene, d-limonene, n-undecane, n-dodecane, and ethylbenzene concentrations exhibited associations with store types. Multivariate regression models demonstrated positive associations between most aldehydes and VOCs with CO2 concentrations and presence of storefront walls. This study underscored variations within USMs based on area and store type. Aldehyde and VOC concentrations were notably higher in clothing and fashion accessory stores than in food service outlets; these elevations were closely linked to CO2 levels and presence of storefront walls. These findings suggest that monitoring CO2 levels within USM stores, optimizing air-conditioning systems, and designing future stores without storefront walls can collectively contribute to an overall improvement of IAQ within USMs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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129. More Than 30 000-fold Field Enhancement of Terahertz Nanoresonators Enabled by Rapid Inverse Design.
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Lee HT, Kim J, Lee JS, Yoon M, and Park HR
- Abstract
The rapid development of 6G communications using terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves has created a demand for highly sensitive THz nanoresonators capable of detecting these waves. Among the potential candidates, THz nanogap loop arrays show promising characteristics but require significant computational resources for accurate simulation. This requirement arises because their unit cells are 10 times smaller than millimeter wavelengths, with nanogap regions that are 1 000 000 times smaller. To address this challenge, we propose a rapid inverse design method using physics-informed machine learning, employing double deep Q-learning with an analytical model of the THz nanogap loop array. In ∼39 h on a middle-level personal computer, our approach identifies the optimal structure through 200 000 iterations, achieving an experimental electric field enhancement of 32 000 at 0.2 THz, 300% stronger than prior results. Our analytical model-based approach significantly reduces the amount of computational resources required, offering a practical alternative to numerical simulation-based inverse design for THz nanodevices.
- Published
- 2023
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130. Effect of combined administration of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on a rodent model of diet-induced obesity.
- Author
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Kim SQ, Kim J, Choi M, Kim Y, Kim S, and Kim KH
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- Humans, Mice, Animals, Rodentia, Acyltransferases, Acyl Coenzyme A, Obesity drug therapy, Obesity etiology, Diet, Weight Loss, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Sterol O-Acyltransferase, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy
- Abstract
A glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide was approved for the treatment of obesity by the Food and Drug Administration. However, it can cause gastrointestinal events at high doses, limiting its broader use. Combining drugs with multiple mechanisms of action could enhance the weight-reducing effects while minimizing side effects. To this end, we investigated the combined effects of semaglutide and avasimibe, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) inhibitor, on weight reduction in diet-induced obesity mice. Two cohorts of mice were used: In cohort 1, mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks and then randomly assigned to the vehicle, avasimibe [10 mg/kg body weight (BW)], semaglutide (0.4 mg/kg BW), or combination groups. The drugs were administered via subcutaneous (sc) injections on a daily basis. In cohort 2, mice were fed an HF diet for 8 weeks and randomly assigned to the same four groups, but avasimibe was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW, and the drugs were administered every 3 days. In cohort 1, semaglutide initially reduced food intake initially, but this effect was diminished with prolonged administration. Avasimibe, on the other hand, did not affect food intake but prevented weight gain to a lesser extent than semaglutide. Importantly, the combination treatment resulted in the greatest percentage of body weight reduction, along with lower plasma glucose and leptin levels compared to the semaglutide single-treatment group. Cohort 2 confirmed that the superior weight loss in the combination group compared to the other three groups was largely due to a significant reduction in fat mass. Histological analysis of inguinal adipose tissue showed smaller adipocyte size across all treatment groups compared to the vehicle group, with no significant differences among the treatment groups. Collectively, these findings suggest combining semaglutide and avasimibe could be an effective approach to weight management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest KHK is a founder and shareholder of EFIL BioScience Inc. MC and JK are EFIL BioScience Inc. employees. All other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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131. Nanopore molecular trajectories of a eukaryotic reverse transcriptase reveal a long-range RNA structure sensing mechanism.
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Shaw A, Craig JM, Amiri H, Kim J, Upton HE, Pimentel SC, Huang JR, Marqusee S, Collins K, Gundlach JH, and Bustamante CJ
- Abstract
Eukaryotic reverse transcriptases (RTs) can have essential or deleterious roles in normal human physiology and disease. Compared to well-studied helicases, it remains unclear how RTs overcome the ubiquitous RNA structural barriers during reverse transcription. Herein, we describe the development of a Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore technique to sequence RNA to quantify the single-molecule kinetics of an RT from Bombyx mori with single-nucleotide resolution. By establishing a quadromer map that correlates RNA sequence and MspA ion current, we were able to quantify the RT's dwell time at every single nucleotide step along its RNA template. By challenging the enzyme with various RNA structures, we found that during cDNA synthesis the RT can sense and actively destabilize RNA structures 11-12 nt downstream of its front boundary. The ability to sequence single molecules of RNA with nanopores paves the way to investigate the single-nucleotide activity of other processive RNA translocases., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Engineered B. mori RT and sequence variants with improved properties are included in patent applications filed by University of California, Berkeley with HEU, SCP, and KC as named inventors. HEU and KC are founders of Karnateq Inc., which licensed the RT technology. An additional patent application describing nanopore sequencing applications was filed by University of California, Berkeley with AS, HEU, SCP, JMC, JHG, SM, CJB, and KC as named inventors.
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- 2023
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132. Infection prediction in swine populations with machine learning.
- Author
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Halev A, Martínez-López B, Clavijo M, Gonzalez-Crespo C, Kim J, Huang C, Krantz S, Robbins R, and Liu X
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Swine, Risk Factors, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Farms, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome epidemiology, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
The pork industry is an essential part of the global food system, providing a significant source of protein for people around the world. A major factor restraining productivity and compromising animal wellbeing in the pork industry is disease outbreaks in pigs throughout the production process: widespread outbreaks can lead to losses as high as 10% of the U.S. pig population in extreme years. In this study, we present a machine learning model to predict the emergence of infection in swine production systems throughout the production process on a daily basis, a potential precursor to outbreaks whose detection is vital for disease prevention and mitigation. We determine features that provide the most value in predicting infection, which include nearby farm density, historical test rates, piglet inventory, feed consumption during the gestation period, and wind speed and direction. We utilize these features to produce a generalizable machine learning model, evaluate the model's ability to predict outbreaks both seven and 30 days in advance, allowing for early warning of disease infection, and evaluate our model on two swine production systems and analyze the effects of data availability and data granularity in the context of our two swine systems with different volumes of data. Our results demonstrate good ability to predict infection in both systems with a balanced accuracy of [Formula: see text] on any disease in the first system and balanced accuracies (average prediction accuracy on positive and negative samples) of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the second system, respectively, using the six most important predictors in all cases. These models provide daily infection probabilities that can be used by veterinarians and other stakeholders as a benchmark to more timely support preventive and control strategies on farms., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2023
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133. Evaluation of the application of sequence data to the identification of outbreaks of disease using anomaly detection methods.
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Díaz-Cao JM, Liu X, Kim J, Clavijo MJ, and Martínez-López B
- Subjects
- Animals, Swine, Bayes Theorem, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Farms, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Anomaly detection methods have a great potential to assist the detection of diseases in animal production systems. We used sequence data of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) to define the emergence of new strains at the farm level. We evaluated the performance of 24 anomaly detection methods based on machine learning, regression, time series techniques and control charts to identify outbreaks in time series of new strains and compared the best methods using different time series: PCR positives, PCR requests and laboratory requests. We introduced synthetic outbreaks of different size and calculated the probability of detection of outbreaks (POD), sensitivity (Se), probability of detection of outbreaks in the first week of appearance (POD1w) and background alarm rate (BAR). The use of time series of new strains from sequence data outperformed the other types of data but POD, Se, POD1w were only high when outbreaks were large. The methods based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bayesian approaches presented the best performance. Using anomaly detection methods with sequence data may help to identify the emergency of cases in multiple farms, but more work is required to improve the detection with time series of high variability. Our results suggest a promising application of sequence data for early detection of diseases at a production system level. This may provide a simple way to extract additional value from routine laboratory analysis. Next steps should include validation of this approach in different settings and with different diseases., (© 2023. L’Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE).)
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- 2023
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134. Assignment of structural transitions during mechanical unwrapping of nucleosomes and their disassembly products.
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Díaz-Celis C, Cañari-Chumpitaz C, Sosa RP, Castillo JP, Zhang M, Cheng E, Chen AQ, Vien M, Kim J, Onoa B, and Bustamante C
- Subjects
- Animals, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Optical Tweezers, Xenopus laevis, DNA chemistry, Nucleosomes chemistry, Single Molecule Imaging methods
- Abstract
Nucleosome DNA unwrapping and its disassembly into hexasomes and tetrasomes is necessary for genomic access and plays an important role in transcription regulation. Previous single-molecule mechanical nucleosome unwrapping revealed a low- and a high-force transitions, and force-FRET pulling experiments showed that DNA unwrapping is asymmetric, occurring always first from one side before the other. However, the assignment of DNA segments involved in these transitions remains controversial. Here, using high-resolution optical tweezers with simultaneous single-molecule FRET detection, we show that the low-force transition corresponds to the undoing of the outer wrap of one side of the nucleosome (∼27 bp), a process that can occur either cooperatively or noncooperatively, whereas the high-force transition corresponds to the simultaneous unwrapping of ∼76 bp from both sides. This process may give rise stochastically to the disassembly of nucleosomes into hexasomes and tetrasomes whose unwrapping/rewrapping trajectories we establish. In contrast, nucleosome rewrapping does not exhibit asymmetry. To rationalize all previous nucleosome unwrapping experiments, it is necessary to invoke that mechanical unwrapping involves two nucleosome reorientations: one that contributes to the change in extension at the low-force transition and another that coincides but does not contribute to the high-force transition.
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- 2022
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135. Managing Patient-Generated Health Data Through Mobile Personal Health Records: Analysis of Usage Data.
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Park YR, Lee Y, Kim JY, Kim J, Kim HR, Kim YH, Kim WS, and Lee JH
- Abstract
Background: Personal health records (PHRs) and mHealth apps are considered essential tools for patient engagement. Mobile PHRs (mPHRs) can be a platform to integrate patient-generated health data (PGHD) and patients' medical information. However, in previous studies, actual usage data and PGHD from mPHRs have not been able to adequately represent patient engagement., Objective: By analyzing 5 years' PGHD from an mPHR system developed by a tertiary hospital in South Korea, we aimed to evaluate how PGHD were managed and identify issues in PGHD management based on actual usage data. Additionally, we analyzed how to improve patient engagement with mPHRs by analyzing the actively used services and long-term usage patterns., Methods: We gathered 5 years (December 2010 to December 2015) of log data from both hospital patients and general users of the app. We gathered data from users who entered PGHD on body weight, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose levels, 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, metabolic syndrome risk, medication schedule, insulin, and allergy. We classified users according to whether they were patients or general users based on factors related to continuous use (≥28 days for weight, BP, and blood glucose, and ≥180 days for CVD and metabolic syndrome), and analyzed the patients' characteristics. We compared PGHD entry counts and the proportion of continuous users for each PGHD by user type., Results: The total number of mPHR users was 18,265 (patients: n=16,729, 91.59%) with 3620 users having entered weight, followed by BP (n=1625), blood glucose (n=1374), CVD (n=764), metabolic syndrome (n=685), medication (n=252), insulin (n=72), and allergy (n=61). Of those 18,256 users, 3812 users had at least one PGHD measurement, of whom 175 used the PGHD functions continuously (patients: n=142, 81.14%); less than 1% of the users had used it for more than 4 years. Except for weight, BP, blood glucose, CVD, and metabolic syndrome, the number of PGHD records declined. General users' continuous use of PGHD was significantly higher than that of patients in the blood glucose (P<.001) and BP (P=.03) functions. Continuous use of PGHD in health management (BP, blood glucose, and weight) was significantly greater among older users (P<.001) and men (P<.001). In health management (BP, weight, and blood glucose), overall chronic disease and continuous use of PGHD were not statistically related (P=.08), but diabetes (P<.001) and cerebrovascular diseases (P=.03) were significant., Conclusions: Although a small portion of users managed PGHD continuously, PGHD has the potential to be useful in monitoring patient health. To realize the potential, specific groups of continuous users must be identified, and the PGHD service must target them. Further evaluations for the clinical application of PGHD, feedback regarding user interfaces, and connections with wearable devices are needed., (©Yu Rang Park, Yura Lee, Ji Young Kim, Jeonghoon Kim, Hae Reong Kim, Young-Hak Kim, Woo Sung Kim, Jae-Ho Lee. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 09.04.2018.)
- Published
- 2018
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