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AU-GSB e-Journal, 15, 1, 24-40

Oxaliplatin is important for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies, but tumour resistance is limiting. Several oxaliplatin transporters were previously identified but their relative contributions to determining oxaliplatin tumour responses and gastrointestinal tumour cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin remains unclear. We studied clinical associations between tumour expression of oxaliplatin transporter candidate genes and patient response to oxaliplatin, then experimentally verified associations found with MRP2 in models of human gastrointestinal cancer. Among 18 oxaliplatin transporter candidate genes, MRP2 was the only one to be differentially expressed in the tumours of colorectal cancer patients who did or did not respond to FOLFOX chemotherapy. Over-expression of MRP2 (endogenously in HepG2 and PANC-1 cells, or induced by stable transfection of HEK293 cells) decreased oxaliplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity but those deficits were reversed by inhibition of MRP2 with myricetin or siRNA knockdown. Mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2 tumour xenografts were sensitised to oxaliplatin antitumour activity by concurrent myricetin treatment with little or no increase in toxicity. In conclusion, MRP2 limits oxaliplatin accumulation and response in human gastrointestinal cancer. Screening tumour MRP2 expression levels, to select patients for treatment with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy alone or in combination with a MRP2 inhibitor, could improve treatment outcomes.

The current understanding of genetic susceptibility factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still incomplete. To identify novel germline variants associated with NPC predisposition, we analysed whole-exome sequencing data from 119 NPC patients from Singapore with a family history of NPC and/or with early-onset NPC, together with 1337 Singaporean participants without NPC. Variants were prioritised and filtered by selecting variants with minor allele frequencies of 20). Using single-variant testing, we identified 17 rare pathogenic variants in 17 genes that were associated with NPC. Consistent evidence of enrichment in NPC patients was observed for five of these variants (in JAK2, PRDM16, LRP1B, NIN, and NKX2-1) from an independent case-control comparison of 156 NPC patients and 9770 unaffected individuals. In a family with five siblings, a FANCE variant (p. P445S) was detected in two affected members, but not in three unaffected members. Gene-based burden testing recapitulated variants in NKX2-1 and FANCE as being associated with NPC risk. Using pathway analysis, endocytosis and immune-modulating pathways were found to be enriched for mutation burden. This study has identified NPC-predisposing variants and genes which could shed new insights into the genetic predisposition of NPC.

ObjectiveTissue stem cells are central regulators of organ homoeostasis. We looked for a protein that is exclusively expressed and functionally involved in stem cell activity in rapidly proliferating isthmus stem cells in the stomach corpus.DesignWe uncovered the specific expression of Iqgap3 in proliferating isthmus stem cells through immunofluorescence and in situ hybridisation. We performed lineage tracing and transcriptomic analysis of Iqgap3 +isthmus stem cells with the Iqgap3-2A-tdTomato mouse model. Depletion of Iqgap3 revealed its functional importance in maintenance and proliferation of stem cells. We further studied Iqgap3 expression and the associated gene expression changes during tissue repair after tamoxifen-induced damage. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated expression of Iqgap3 in proliferating regions of gastric tumours from patient samples.ResultsIqgap3 is a highly specific marker of proliferating isthmus stem cells during homoeostasis. Iqgap3+isthmus stem cells give rise to major cell types of the corpus unit. Iqgap3 expression is essential for the maintenance of stem potential. The Ras pathway is a critical partner of Iqgap3 in promoting strong proliferation in isthmus stem cells. The robust induction of Iqgap3 expression following tissue damage indicates an active role for Iqgap3 in tissue regeneration.ConclusionIQGAP3 is a major regulator of stomach epithelial tissue homoeostasis and repair. The upregulation of IQGAP3 in gastric cancer suggests that IQGAP3 plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation.

Remote operated spy robot vehicle can be controlled by using a wireless remote controller. It can capture audio and video information from the surroundings and can be sent to a remote station through RF signals. The maximum range is 125meters. It overcomes the limited range of infrared remote controllers. HT12e encoder, HT12d decoder, RF433MHz transmitter and receiver modules are used for the spy robot and the remote control. H Bridge circuits are used to drive two 12V motors. By pressing any key in remote controller, the HT12e encoder generates 8 address bit and 4 data bit. The RF module transmitter sent them and RF module receiver receives. And then HT12d decoder decodes the data and generates the output signals to control the L293D motor driver which then rotates the motors and wheels of spy robot vehicle. In this research, DC power supply is taken from the battery placed on the robot. The camera is placed on spy robot. Its audio and video output signals are directly sends from a SIM router. These information are received and caught to a phone, PC or TV in the remote station through internet. Khine Myint Mon | Lei Lei Hnin | Aye Sandar Aung | Ye Mann Aung "Remote Operated Spy Robot Vehicle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26801.pdf

This study examines the effects of rural-urban migration on agricultural production in Taungdwingyi Township, Magway Region, Myanmar. It will focus on the relationship between rural-urban migration and agricultural development in this area. The purpose of the study is to make an analysis and give insights on rural-urban migration and its effects on agricultural development, focusing on three villages in this area. In this study, the structured interview questionnaires are used to collect data from the respondents in this area. Both primary data and secondary data are also used in it. The structured interview and qualitative methods of household survey based on the theoretical concept proposed by Ravenstein and Lee will be applied to this project. According to Ravenstein’s theory, there are three main areas for investigation. First, this study will focus on the reasons why people migrate from rural to urban areas. Second, where are migrants distributed, internally or internationally? Third, characteristics of migrants such as gender, age group, level of education and family status will be examined. The study supports a policy aimed at reducing rural-urban migration flows by using the results of the study to persuade the government to provide technical supplies and adequate extension services, and to give subsidies in order to achieve a significant breakthrough in the agricultural sector.