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The fractional model has been developed for the thermal flow of hybrid nanofluid due to the inclined surface. The thermal investigation of the hybrid nanomaterial is predicted by utilizing the molybdenum disulphide nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanomaterials. The flow computations for mixed convection flow of nanoparticles and base fluids are performed due to vertical oscillating plate. The simulations for the formulated model have been done ρ-Laplace transform technique for Caputo fractional simulations. Definitions of Mittage–Leffler function and ρ-Laplace transform are also presented for the governing model. The application of updated definitions of ρ-Laplace transform for the Caputo fractional model is quite interesting unlike traditional Laplace transforms. The comparative investigation for both types of nanoparticles is performed for heat and mass transfer rates. It is observed that the heat enhancement rate due to water-based nanoparticles is relatively impressive compared to the kerosene oil-based nanomaterials.

Current analysis presents the unsteady two‐dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid with suspension of microorganisms due to stretched Riga surface with porous medium. The applications of external heat source/sink with non‐uniform relations are suggested. Furthermore, activation energy and nonlinear radiative effects are encountered. The extension in energy equation is subject to the implications of famous Cattaneo–Christov model. The problem is simplified with help of dimensionless quantities. The analytical simulations of formulated problem have been performed with help of built‐in bvp4c numerical scheme. The physical aspects of problem are presented for various flow parameters. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to modified Hartmann parameter while declining change in velocity profile is noted for Williamson fluid constant. The temperature field enhances for non‐uniform heat source constants. Current results convey applications in heat transfer enhancement, solar energy, extrusion processes, automobile industries, fertilizers, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for efficient heating and cooling systems in the automotive, aerospace, and chemical industries is driving the growth of heat transfer technologies. The hybrid nanomaterials are preferred over traditional nanofluids due to their exceptional thermal effectiveness. Keeping in mind the need for efficient cooling and heating systems, the thermal flow model based on the hybrid nanoparticles (GO-MoS2) immersed in hybrid base liquid $ {\textrm{C}_\textrm{2}}{\textrm{H}_\textrm{6}}{\textrm{O}_2} - {\textrm{H}_\textrm{2}}\textrm{O} $ C 2 H 6 O 2 − H 2 O is presented in this novel attempt by considering the influence of homogeneous–heterogeneous (H–H) reactions and Hall current with a magnetohydrodynamic effect induced by a vertical stretching sheet. A simplified examination is examined in the existence of solar radiation, mixed convection, and viscous dissipation. Suitable transformations provide the system of ordinary differential equations. Later, the solution is tackled numerically for the flow problems using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg process with a shooting technique. The role of influential parameters on involved distributions is discussed graphically and is explained logically in view of physical significance. Results reveal that, the thermal profile declines near convectively heated surface and upsurges away from the surface for incline in mixed convection parameter. An upsurge in the Biot number inclines the rate of heat transfer, but a contrary trend can be seen for escalating values of volume fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to investigate the convective flow of three hybrid nanoparticles with different base fluids on a spinning down pointed vertical cone in the presence of magnetic field along with prescribed surface heat flux and also analyzed the behavior on non-Newtonian profiles by using Casson model. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters are examined graphically. Numerical values of Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are given in tabular form. From the results, one can conclude that tangential and swirl velocity profile gets detracted when its magnetic parameter hikes in the three hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic nose (eNose) is a modern bioelectronic sensor for monitoring biological processes that convert CO2 into value-added products, such as products formed during photosynthesis and microbial fermentation. eNose technology uses an array of sensors to detect and quantify gases, including CO2, in the air. This study briefly introduces the concept of eNose technology and potential applications thereof in monitoring CO2 conversion processes. It also provides background information on biological CO2 conversion processes. Furthermore, the working principles of eNose technology vis-à-vis gas detection are discussed along with its advantages and limitations versus traditional monitoring methods. This study also provides case studies that have used this technology for monitoring biological CO2 conversion processes. eNose-predicted measurements were observed to be completely aligned with biological parameters for R2 values of 0.864, 0.808, 0.802, and 0.948. We test eNose technology in a variety of biological settings, such as algae farms or bioreactors, to determine its effectiveness in monitoring CO2 conversion processes. We also explore the potential benefits of employing this technology vis-à-vis monitoring biological CO2 conversion processes, such as increased reaction efficiency and reduced costs versus traditional monitoring methods. Moreover, future directions and challenges of using this technology in CO2 capture and conversion have been discussed. Overall, we believe this study would contribute to developing new and innovative methods for monitoring biological CO2 conversion processes and mitigating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the multidisciplinary applications of nanomaterials, a wide range of research has been conducted on this topic recently. The aim of current research is to analyze the enhancement of heat transfer due to the unsteady flow of Maxwell nanofluid associated with the zero mass thermal constraints. The applications of the radiated phenomenon and magnetic force are contributed to the current flow problem. The analysis is subject to the implementation of Robin and zero‐mass diffusion constraints. A bidirectional moving porous surface endorsed the flow. The appropriate variables are taken for simplifying the system. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to compute the solution procedure. The obtained results are confirmed with already performed studies. It has been observed that the temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions decrease for higher unsteady parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]