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Background: Following preliminary investigations, Spirulina platensis was chosen for cultivation in either normal or stress medium (Zarrouk) under room conditions to assess the possibility of increasing the total phycobiliprotein content (TPC) and their chemical constituents: C-phycocyanin (C-PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and phycoerythrin (PE), as well as the biomass production of the selected algae under the following stressed conditions. Method: Various techniques were used to separate, purify, and characterize TPC material. The antioxidant activity of DPPH against free radicals was determined. According to this study, salinity stress with an optimal amount of carbon and nitrogen affects the biomass production of Spirulina platensis as well as its pigments. The results showed that increased TPC content in SP cells was closely related to rising NaCl concentrations in the medium. This study found that NaCl increases the biomass of Spirulina sp. and its total pigment content, which was 5g/L. Result: Culture growth in the Freezing-thawing method produced the highest C-PC (65.76 mg/g) and purity (0.475), while the sonication method produced 50.18 mg/g and 0.6. Increasing the NaCl concentration above 5 g/l, on the other hand, had no discernible effect on phycocyanin content or purity. TPC of SP (grown in stress NaCl) with high levels of C-PC groups demonstrated strong antioxidant potential when compared to ascorbic acid (standard antioxidant). Isolation, purification, and determination of antioxidant activity of C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis cultured under different salt stress should be further investigated. Conclusion: The model’s adequacy was confirmed by extracting the C-phycocyanin under the optimum values suggested by the models. Results showed that could be a better method for C-phycocyanin extraction from S. platanssis in terms of antioxidant activity.

This study reports on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as well as the phenolic compounds that are present in Calothamnus spp. (Red Bell), Agonis flexuosa (Coastal Peppermint), Corymbia calophylla (Marri) and Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) honeys from Western Australia. The honey’s total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a modified Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while their total antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP and DPPH assays. Phenolic constituents were identified using a High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HTPLC)-derived phenolic database, and the identified phenolic compounds were quantified using HPTLC. Finally, constituents that contribute to the honeys’ antioxidant activity were identified using a DPPH-HPTLC bioautography assay. Based on the results, Calothamnus spp. honey (n = 8) was found to contain the highest (59.4 ± 7.91 mg GAE/100 g) TPC, followed by Eucalyptus marginata honey (50.58 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g), Agonis flexuosa honey (36.08 ± 4.2 mg GAE/100 g) and Corymbia calophylla honey (29.15 ± 5.46 mg GAE/100 g). In the FRAP assay, Calothamnus spp. honey also had the highest activity (9.24 ± 1.68 mmol Fe2+/kg), followed by Eucalyptus marginata honey (mmol Fe2+/kg), whereas Agonis flexuosa (5.45 ± 1.64 mmol Fe2+/kg) and Corymbia calophylla honeys (4.48 ± 0.82 mmol Fe2+/kg) had comparable FRAP activity. In the DPPH assay, when the mean values were compared, it was found that Calothamnus spp. honey again had the highest activity (3.88 ± 0.96 mmol TE/kg) while the mean DPPH antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus marginata, Agonis flexuosa, and Corymbia calophylla honeys were comparable. Kojic acid and epigallocatechin gallate were found in all honeys, whilst other constituents (e.g., m-coumaric acid, lumichrome, gallic acid, taxifolin, luteolin, epicatechin, hesperitin, eudesmic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, t-cinnamic acid, o-anisic acid) were only identified in some of the honeys. DPPH-HPTLC bioautography demonstrated that most of the identified compounds possess antioxidant activity, except for t-cinnamic acid, eudesmic acid, o-anisic acid, and lumichrome.

Humans are familiar with “diabetes,” a chronic metabolic disease that causes resistance to insulin in the human body, and about 425 million cases worldwide. Diabetes is a hazard to human health since it can gradually cause significant damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. As a result, it is critical to recognize diabetes early on to minimize its negative consequences. Over the years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology and data mining methods are playing a crucial role in detecting diabetic patients. Considering this opportunity, we present a fine-tuned random forest algorithm with the best parameters (RFWBP) that is used with the RF algorithm and feature engineering to detect diabetes patients at an early stage. We have employed several data processing techniques (e.g., normalization, conversion into numerical data) to raw data during the prepossessing phase. After that, we further applied some data mining techniques, adding related characteristics to the primary dataset. Finally, we train the proposed RFWBP and conventional methods like the AdaBoost algorithm, support vector machine, logistic regression, naive Bayes, multilayer perceptron, and a regular random forest with the dataset. Furthermore, we also utilized 5-fold cross-validation to enhance the performance of the RFWBP classifier. The proposed RFWBP achieved an accuracy of 95.83% and 90.68% with and without 5-fold cross-validation, respectively. Moreover, the proposed RFWBP is compared with conventional machine learning methods to evaluate the performance. The experimental results confirm that the proposed RFWBP outperformed conventional machine learning methods.

Background: A limited number of studies have exclusively assessed fatigue among post-COVID patients. Our study aimed to assess the persistence and associations of fatigue among COVID-19 survivors after two months of recovery from their primary illness. Methods: During hospital admission from August to September, 2020, a total of 400 patients were diagnosed to be suffering from fatigue using Chalder fatigue scale. After obtaining informed written consent, patients were followed up two months later over telephone. A total of 332 participants participated in the interview (63 patients could not be traced and another 5 patient died within two months). Patients were asked to categorize their present fatigue condition based on a simplified questionnaire developed for telephone interview. Results: Among study participants, 62.9% (n=207) were found to be still suffering from fatigue two months after their hospital discharge. A significant association of fatigue was found with age (p=0.000), hypertension (RR: 1.51; CI: 1.15-1.99; p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.45; CI: 1.08-1.95; p=0.010), ischemic heart disease (RR: 2.04; CI: 1.15-3.64; p=0.011), on admission SpO2 (p=0.000), on admission serum ferritin (p=0.000), d-dimer (p=0.000), CRP (p=0.000), and Hb% (p=0.019). Binary logistic regression model revealed significant association of age and onadmission SpO2 with persistence of fatigue. Conclusions: Fatigue is a highly prevalent symptom among the COVID-19 survivors with significant association between fatigue and patients clinical and laboratory markers. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2022; 33(1) : 57-63

Background: The present study aimed to describe the association of hematological parameters and common clinico-epidemiological features wit hdisease severity among COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a hospital based observational study done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 01 July 2020 to 15 September 2020. Findings from hematological tests along with patient clinic-pathological features were recorded from a total of 309 COVID-19 patients. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results: Among the studied hematological parameters hemoglobin percentage, total WBC count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, CRP, serum ferritin, d-dimer, and ESRwere significantly associated with disease severity (p

Students’ voice and participation in teaching -learning practices in the classrooms and in schools are central in promoting Democratic Citizenship Education (DCE). Aiming to increase the practices of democratic values through education, in 2015 the government of Bangladesh enacted ‘student cabinet’ in secondary schools in Bangladesh. Through the development of a qualitative case study with an action research component, this study explores how the engagement of ‘student cabinet’ in school activities could be established through the development of ‘teamwork’. Data were collected from the head teacher, two classroom teachers, two group of students and the members of ‘student cabinet’ using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and field notes. Findings suggest that while the ‘student cabinet’ was not effectively functioning in the school, involvement of its members, the teachers and the head teacher in planning and implementing the activities of the ‘student cabinet’ through collaborative action research influenced positive changes. ‘Strategy of working as a team rather than individuals’ showed potentials for improving the engagement of ‘student cabinet’ in the school activities and developing sense of connectedness with the school community. Findings have implications in promoting DCE through student representative bodies in schools in Bangladesh and other contexts. Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 183-199

Transforming biomass waste into cost-effective catalysts for chemical reactions provides new opportunity for biomass waste valorization. In this work, we examined the possibility of using food waste solid digestate as raw materials for the production of a heterogeneous catalyst for glucose isomerization to fructose, which is one of the important intermediates for the production of platform chemicals, hydrocarbon fuels and synthetic materials from biomass. Hydroxyapatite-based catalysts were obtained from food waste digestate by a coupled hydrothermal-calcination approach. In the hydrothermal treatment process, the addition of exogenous calcium can adjust the alkalinity of the catalyst, which is beneficial to improve the activity of the catalyst. The reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage have also been optimized. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance in the glucose isomerization reaction resulting in a high fructose yield of 32.3% with a reaction time of only 20 ​min at 80 ​°C in water. The catalyst can be reused after a simple regeneration without significant activity. This work provides a win-win strategy, which not only solves the problem of the disposal and utilization of digestate, but also expands the synthesis method of the glucose isomerization reaction catalyst.

To evaluate the persistence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among COVID-19 patients with a history of sleep disturbances 2 months after discharge from the hospital. A total of 400 patients admitted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during July and August were diagnosed as suffering from sleep disturbances during their hospital stay using a standardized scale. They were followed up 2 months later through telephone, and a total of 322 participants were interviewed (excluding 63 nonresponders and five deceased) regarding the persistence of disturbances in sleep through a structured questionnaire. Patient demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data including history regarding in-hospital sleep disturbance were retrieved from hospital treatment sheets. Results revealed, 35% of study participants (n = 113) were still experiencing symptoms of sleep disturbances during the interview by telephone. Age (p = 0.015), diabetes mellitus (relative risk [RR]: 1.21; confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.42, p = 0.022), on admission SPO2 (p = 0.009), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.025), serum ferritin (p = 0.014), and d-dimer (p = 0.030) were independently associated with sleep disturbances among participants (p < 0.05). Binary and fitting logistic regression through repeated K folds cross-validation revealed 1.65 (CI: 1.02-2.66), 1.07 (CI: 1.01-1.14), and 1.07 (CI: 1.00-1.15) times higher odds of persistence of sleep disturbances among patients with diabetes mellitus, increased neutrophil, and lymphocyte percentages, respectively. Findings of this study need to be validated and patients should be further followed up with more in-depth studies conducted 6 or 12 months after initial infection, possibly with the help of higher sample size and in-person interview.

The COVID-19 pandemic started in January 2020 and has rapidly spread around the globe. Among the institutions at the forefront of responding to COVID-19 are U.S. colleges and universities. These institutions frequently face crises, but they have not always managed these episodes successfully. Given the gravity of the pandemic, best practices research can help higher education institutions combat public health crises and other threats. This study examines and assesses the crisis communication of U.S. colleges and universities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic using the best practices framework. Findings indicate that higher education institutions have employed communication consistent with best practices, with some important modifications. Findings also answer calls to contextualize crisis communication best practices within specific organizational contexts and as a values-based framework.

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the differences in epidemiologic and disease aspects among patients with COVID-19MethodsWe reviewed the hospital records between April 2020 and September 2021 and followed up on the patients for post-COVID complications.FindingsOlder adult patients were predominantly affected during the first and second waves, followed by middle-aged patients. Men were predominantly admitted, considering the three waves; although more women were admitted in the second wave. Cough was more common in the second and third waves than in the first wave 522 (59.7%). Respiratory distress was the most common in the third wave, 251(67.1%), and least common in the first wave 403 (46.1%). Anosmia was more common in the third wave 116 (31.2%). In the third wave, patients presenting in a critical state 23 (6.2%) and severe disease 152 (40.8%) were more common. The hospital admission median (IQR) was longer in the first wave, 12 (8–20), than in other waves. More patients were admitted in the first wave (52%) than in the other waves, and patients received more oxygen in the third wave (75%) than in the other waves. Death occurred more commonly in the first wave (51%) than in the other waves. Patients were investigated more commonly in the first and third waves than in the second wave. The positivity rate was high in the third wave (22.8%) than in other waves. In the third wave, the positivity rate was higher in women (24.3%) than in men. Post-covid cough increased in the second wave and fatigue was higher in the third wave than in other waves. Tiredness and memory loss was greater during the second wave than in other waves.ConclusionThis study revealed that the presenting symptoms, outcomes, and epidemiologic trends differed during the COVID-19 waves.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding male infertility among medical students and healthcare workers in Bangladesh.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study covered eight divisions of Bangladesh.ParticipantsThe participants were medical students or healthcare professionals of Bangladesh who were surveyed anonymously on their knowledge, attitude and perception regarding male infertility.Primary outcome measuresThe level of knowledge, attitude and perception regarding male infertility.AnalysisThe mean knowledge and attitude scores were then correlated with sociodemographic factors using χ2and two-independent sample t-tests. Finally, we performed binary logistic regression to explore predictors of good knowledge and positive attitude.ResultAmong 556 participants, 49.82% did not have good male infertility knowledge, and nearly 60.79% had negative attitudes regarding male infertility. Young (23–26 years) healthcare professionals and medical students were more likely to have good knowledge than others (OR: 1.81; 95% CI 1.099 to 2.988). Surprisingly, women were more likely to have a positive attitude (OR=1.48; 95% CI 1.002 to 2.19, p=0.049) than men. Among all the professions, Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery doctors were most likely to have good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding male infertility. Good knowledge of male infertility predicted a positive attitude (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.105 to 2.346, p=0.013) and vice versa.ConclusionOur research found that healthcare professionals and medical students in Bangladesh had inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes regarding male infertility despite favourable opinions. This emphasises the need for interdisciplinary training programmes, standardisation of healthcare worker guidelines and curricular adjustments for medical students.

Nowadays, data are the most valuable content in the world. In the age of big data, we are generating quintillions of data daily in the form of text, image, video, etc. Among them, images are highly used in daily communications. Various types of images, e.g., medical images, military images, etc. are highly confidential. But, due to data vulnerabilities, transmitting such images in a secured way is a great challenge. For this reason, researchers proposed different image cryptography algorithms. Recently, biological deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based concepts are getting popular for ensuring image security as well as encryption as they show good performance. However, these DNA-based methods have some limitations, e.g., these are not dynamic and their performance results are far from ideal values. Further, these encryption methods usually involve two steps, confusion and diffusion. Confusion increases huge time complexity and needs to send one or more additional map tables with a cipher to decrypt the message. In this research, we propose a novel and efficient DNA-based key scrambling technique for image encryption that addresses the above limitations. We evaluate our proposed method using 15 different datasets and achieved superior performance scores of entropy, keyspace, cipher pixel correlations, variance of histogram, time complexity and PSNR. The experimental results show that our method can be used for image encryption with a high level of confidentiality.

The enantiopure Schiff bases (R or S)-N-1-(X-C6H4)ethyl-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine {X = H [(R or S)-HL1], p-CH3O [(R or S)-HL2], and p-Br [(R- or S)-HL3]} react with cobalt(II) acetate to give bis[(R or S)-N-1-(X-C6H4)ethyl-2-oxo-1-naphthaldiminato-κ2N,O]-Λ/Δ-cobalt(II) {X = H [Λ/Δ-Co-(R or S)-L1], p-CH3O [Λ/Δ-Co-(R or S)-L2], and p-Br [Λ/Δ-Co-(R or S)-L3]} (1-3), respectively. Induced Λ and Δ chirality originates at the metal center of the C2-symmetric molecule in pseudotetrahedral geometry. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses explored the thermal stability of the complexes, which undergo reversible phase transformation from crystalline solid to isotropic liquid phase for 1 and 3 but irreversible phase transformation for 2. Like other cobalt(II) complexes, compounds 1-3 exhibit a continuous ensemble of absorption and circular dichroism bands, which span from the UV to IR region and can be collected into a superspectrum. Infrared vibrational circular dichroism (IR-VCD) spectra witness the coupling between Co2+-centered low-lying electronic states and ligand-centered vibrations. The coupling produces enhanced and almost monosignate VCD spectra, with both effects being mode-dependent in terms of the A or B symmetry (in the C2 point group) and distance from the Co2+ core.

Emerging from Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 is the new global threat that killed millions of people, and many are still suffering. This pandemic has not only affected people but also caused economic crisis throughout the world. Researchers have shown good progress in revealing the molecular insights of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and developing vaccines, but effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are yet to be found. Several vaccines are available and used in many countries, while many others are still in clinical or preclinical studies. However, this involves a long-term process, considering the safety procedures and requirements and their long-term protection capacity and in different age groups are still questionable. Therefore, at present, the drug repurposing of the existing therapeutics previously designed against other viral diseases seems to be the only practical approach to mitigate the current situation. The safety of most of these therapeutic agents has already been tested. Recent clinical reports revealed promising therapeutic efficiency of several drugs such as remdesivir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, baricitinib, and cepharanthine. Besides, plasma therapies were used to treat patients and prevent fatal outcomes. Thus, in this article, we have summarized the epidemiological and clinical data from several clinical trials conducted since the beginning of the pandemic, emphasizing the efficiency of the known agents against SARS-CoV-2 and their harmful side effects on the human body as well as their environmental implications. This review shows a clear overview of the current pharmaceutical perspective on COVID-19 treatment.

Absenteeism is of great concern for K–12 school students in the United States. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of parental participation types in absenteeism of Elementary and Secondary Education (K-12) students in the United States. We analyze the data of the U.S. Department of Education (Hanson et al., 2019), in relation to students, schools and parents’ characteristics, along with various parental involvement activities, for exploring how these factors influence K-12 students’ absenteeism in the United States. We employ Chi-square tests for the significance of relationships between parental involvement types and absenteeism of K-12 students. We also undertake multiple logistic regression analyses to evaluate the significance and odds of K-12 students’ absenteeism due to parental involvement activities and other underlying factors. The results of bivariate analyses suggest that parental involvement types are significantly associated with K-12 absenteeism (chi-squared p-value

The cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with biocompatible chitosan at different concentrations to produce homogeneous suspensions were also characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and hyperthermia set-up. XRD data of the sample explored the particle size near about 7 nm in as-dried condition. TEM micrograph of bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles provided the particle size nearly too about 8 nm which is in good agreement with the XRD data. This particle size after coating with chitosan became 14 nm. EDX results of this sample confirmed its nano dimension with spinel structure. VSM results of the sample in as-dried condition showed the ferromagnetic character which has been beyond proved by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter (Hd) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the chitosan-coated samples also provided promising results. The samples were tested for their induction heating properties with an RF magnetic field of 20 mT and a frequency of 342 kHz. We also studied therapeutic efficiency in-vitro on 9L gliosarcoma cancer cells, which revealed > 98% of mortality through hyperthermia protocol with the same RF field and frequency using chitosan-coated CoFe2O4nanoparticles. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 69-75

The study was conducted to analyze the groundwater potential zones in the Eastern part of Kushtia district. Secondary data collected from Bangladesh Agriculture Development Board Corporation (BADC) and borehole data of 119 locations have been processed, analyzed and interpreted for studying the hydrogeological properties. The sub-surface groundwater-bearing sequence of the area up to the depth of 97 m have been classified into two main hydrostratigraphic units- aquitard and aquifer, consisting of clay-silt-sand and sands of different granular respectively. The 18-30 m thick aquitard is covering a major part of the study area. The thickness of main aquifers is varying from 0.9-30 m and 27-67 m consisting of fine-medium to coarse sand. The yield potential index is 1.3-13.0. However, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that the area is suitable for groundwater potentiality. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 36-41

The Rohingya population are being exiled form Myanmar during several humanitarian crises since 1978 with a recent spike in 2017. Reportedly, the violence, persecution and trauma have posed grievous impacts on the mental health of these forcibly displaced people. This scoping review aims to synthesize the evidence regarding overall epidemiologic burden of psychological problems of Rohingya refugees with their associated factors. We evaluated five major databases and additional sources till 08/05/2022 and included articles according to the eligibility criteria following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Out of 331 citations retrieved from multiple sources, we included 24 articles in this review. Most of the articles reported high prevalence of different psychological symptoms of Rohingya refugees, such as, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, persistent complex bereavement disorder, feeling of afraid etc. Several correlates of mental health problems were reported, including older age, female, illiteracy, experiences of torture, sexual violence, unemployment, food insecurity, statelessness, separation from family, lack of healthcare access, overcrowded and unhygienic campsites, preexisting health problems etc. There is huge gaps in community level intervention studies, however, Group Integrated Adapt Therapy (IAT-G) and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services are widely used. The available evidence suggests a huge burden of mental health disorders with several biopsychosocial factors that may assist in better policymaking and implementation of multilayered approaches like improving healthcare access, training healthcare providers, more community-based intervention studies, and introducing tele-mental health services for Rohingya refugees.

Background: Mental health (MH) among older adults is becoming a growing public health concern in South Asia due to constant changing in population dynamics caused by declining fertility and increasing life expectancy. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize available evidence about MH interventions evaluating their impact on geriatric mental disorders and highlight gaps and areas in future research. Method: We searched six electronic databases and additional sources for observational/experimental studies evaluating the impact on geriatric mental health in eight countries in the South Asia region. Results: From a total of 3432 potential articles that were retrieved, 19 were included in this review following pre-determined eligibility criteria. Across studies, MH interventions can be broadly categorized into the following types – 1) traditional yoga, Ayurveda, or other meditative movements, 2) behavioral, occupational, or learning-based interventions, 3) few digital or tech-based interventions, 4) music therapy, 5) evaluation of a new Healthcare model. The evidence is predominantly based on India, whereas only three articles are identified from Pakistan. No evidence is found from other six South Asian countries. Depression and anxiety are the most frequent MH outcomes, followed by quality of life, cognitive function, self-esteem, physical performance, and many other components. Conclusion: Handful of evidence on MH intervention in South Asia indicates a lack of acknowledgment that may develop a serious paucity in geriatric MH practice. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct empirical studies to understand disease burden, including associated factors of geriatric MH, which may help to construct contextually appropriate MH interventions.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease defined by insulin insensitivity corresponding to impaired insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin production, and eventually failure of beta cells in the pancreas. There is a 30–40 percent higher risk of developing T2D in active smokers. Moreover, T2D patients with active smoking may gradually develop many complications. However, there is still no significant research conducted to solve the issue. Hence, we have proposed a highthroughput network-based quantitative pipeline employing statistical methods. Transcriptomic and GWAS data were analysed and obtained from type 2 diabetes patients and active smokers. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) resulted by comparing T2D patients’ and smokers’ tissue samples to those of healthy controls of gene expression transcriptomic datasets. We have found 55 dysregulated genes shared in people with type 2 diabetes and those who smoked, 27 of which were upregulated and 28 of which were downregulated. These identified DEGs were functionally annotated to reveal the involvement of cell-associated molecular pathways and GO terms. Moreover, protein–protein interaction analysis was conducted to discover hub proteins in the pathways. We have also identified transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators associated with T2D and smoking. Moreover, we have analysed GWAS data and found 57 common biomarker genes between T2D and smokers. Then, Transcriptomic and GWAS analyses are compared for more robust outcomes and identified 1 significant common gene, 19 shared significant pathways and 12 shared significant GOs. Finally, we have discovered protein–drug interactions for our identified biomarkers.

The standard nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) is one of the elegant equations to find detailed information about the modulational instability criteria of dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) waves and associated DIA rogue waves (DIARWs) in a three-component dusty plasma medium with inertialess super-thermal kappa distributed electrons, and inertial warm positive ions and negative dust grains. It can be seen that the plasma system supports both fast and slow DIA modes under consideration of inertial warm ions along with inertial negatively charged dust grains. It is also found that the modulationally stable parametric regime decreases with κ. The numerical analysis has also shown that the amplitude of the first and second-order DIARWs decreases with ion temperature. These results are to be considered the cornerstone for explaining the real puzzles in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.

A simple and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) assay was developed and validated for the quantification of tacrolimus ointments on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates, using toluene–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate–glacial acetic acid (6:2:2:0.1, V/V) as the mobile phase and p-anisaldehyde‒sulphuric acid as the derivatising reagent. The analysis was performed at 366 nm. The method was fully validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and found to be sensitive, precise, accurate and reproducible with tacrolimus presenting as a sharp band at RF 0.20, good linear regression between 20 and 140 ng/band (r2 = 0.9989) and sensitivity levels in terms of limit of detection and limit of quantification of 5.68 ng and 17.20 ng, respectively. The method is therefore deemed suitable for the routine quality control analysis of tacrolimus ointments.

Seven enantiomeric pairs of palladium complexes, [Pd(pic)(R or S)-N-1-(phenyl)ethyl-2,4-X1,X2-salicylaldiminate)]NO3, [Pd(pic)(R or S)]NO3 (X1 = X2 = Cl, Br, I, H; X1/X2 = Br/Cl), were synthesized by the reaction of enantiopure halogen-substituted Schiff bases (R or S)-N-1-(phenyl)ethyl-2,4-X1,X2-salicylaldimine with [Pd(pic)Cl2] (pic = 2-picolylamine). The composition and structure of the complexes were confirmed by means of FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The electronic structure of the reported complexes was investigated using UV-vis absorption and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, complemented by DFT/TDDFT modelling. To investigate the effect of chirality and different halogen substituents on the anticancer activity of the complexes, the cytotoxic activity of all fourteen complexes was tested in the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 at 24 h using the colorimetric MTT assay. Also, the cell death mechanism was assessed using the annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/PI) cytometry-based assay. This journal is

Suspension and expulsion are adversely related to negative outcomes of students, such as falling behind academically, an increased risk of absenteeism or dropout from schools. Suspension discrepancy due to ethnicity is evident and well known in the United States. The proper understanding of factors affecting suspension may lead to intervention towards the reduction of suspension episodes in the schools. The aim of this study is to determine how student, parent and school characteristics affect the likelihood of K-8 school students’ suspension in the United States. We analyze the National Household Education Surveys of 2019 with a sample of 9,699 K-8 students to evaluate the risk factors of suspension. The study finds that 6% students receive K-8 school suspensions. Bivariate analysis suggests that gender, ethnicity, poverty, parental education, school type, repeated grades, contacted for behavioral problem and school type are significantly associated with the K-8 students’ suspension. An adjusted analysis of these factors via multiple logistic regression suggests that the odds of suspension of NH-black students are 2.7 times the odds of NH-white students. Odds of suspension for students with parental education below HS is 3.2 (95% CI: 1.77-5.80) compared those with parental education at Graduate or professional level. Likewise, students of public schools have higher odds of suspension compared to private schools. There is significant evidence that students with repeated grades, poor parents, school type and those contacted for behavioral problems have substantially higher odds of suspension.

Against the backdrop of a global pandemic, this study investigates how U.S. higher education leaders have centered their crisis management on values and guiding ethical principles. We conducted 55 in-depth interviews with leaders from 30 U.S. higher education institutions, with most leaders participating in two interviews. We found that crisis plans created prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were inadequate due to the long duration and highly uncertain nature of the crisis. Instead, higher education leaders applied guiding principles on the fly to support their decision-making. If colleges and universities infuse shared values into their future crisis plans, they will not have to develop a moral compass on the fly for the next pandemic. This paper suggests the following somewhat universal shared values: (1) engage in accuracy, transparency, and accountability; (2) foster deliberative dialog; (3) prioritize safety; (4) support justice, fairness, and equity; and (5) engage in an ethic of care. To navigate ethics tensions, leaders need to possess crisis-relevant expertise or ensure that such expertise is present among crisis management team members. Standing up formal ethics committees composed of diverse stakeholders also is instrumental in navigating tensions inherent in crises. The next pandemic is already on the horizon according to experts. Through infusing values into future crisis plans, higher education leaders can be confident that their responses will be grounded in their communities’ shared values.

Stock Assessment of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) were estimated using FiSAT-II software with length-frequency data collected from different landing centers. The Southeast Coast of Bay Of Bengal, Cox's Bazar. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters Land K for the species were asymptotic length (L∞) was 51.41 cm, growth rate (K) was 0.75 year-1 and t0 = -0.2 year respectively. The estimated value of total mortality (Z) based on length converted catch curve using these growth parameters was 2.35 year-1.Natural mortality (M) based on growth parameters and mean environmental temperature (T = 27° C) was 1.00 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 1.35 year-1. Optimum length of hilsa at first capture (Lc=L50) was 28.36 cm TL. Growth performance indices (ϕ') was 3.30. The estimated value of the exploitation rate (E) using the length-converted catch curve was 0.57. The recruitment pattern of this species was continuous and two peaks per year. The present investigation clearly showed the over fishing (E > 0.50) condition for T. ilisha in Bangladesh. The estimated length-weight relationship for the combined sex was found to be W = 0.0109 L3. Virtual population analysis (VPA) showed that the maximum fishing mortality occurring in the length between 30 to 35 cm with a maximum value in the length of 32 cm that repeatedly indicate high fishing mortality in the T. ilisha. The generalized length-weight relationship was fitted with the pooled data of all monthly samples were BW = 0.029 TL2.718 (R2= 0.833) respectively. The results revealed that all length-weight relationships were highly correlated (r > 0.993). Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was estimated as 435,554 t. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 231-241, 2020

After the independence of Bangladesh (1971), new generation film development making take a place. Bangla commercial films can be divided before liberation, post liberation and modern era. Before liberation era; A. J. Kardar, Zahir Raihan, Khan Ataur Rahman, were the commercial Bengali film makers. During the Post liberation time, we have some extra ordinary movies like Sareng Bou (1978), Surjo Dighal Bari (1979) and so on. But in the modern era definition of commercial film has got a change. From 2009 to 2019 Bangladeshi audience got difference in commercial films. But having DT (Digital Technology) and other advancement given a development of Bangladeshi commercial film. But story making, acting, making, socialization and other things are gradually developing in Bangladeshi commercial films. This research will evaluate prospects and challenges of Bangladeshi commercial films from 2009 to 2019. However further research is recommended to develop making of Bangladeshi commercial films in respect of lifelike story, cultural dissemination and so on.

Financial distress arises from excessive debt capital. The purpose of the study was to determine Altman's Z score and analyze as well as compare the effect of debt on Z scores of listed MNCs & domestic companies of Bangladesh over 24 years (1996-2019). The study was based on secondary data. Seven local companies and seven MNCs were selected as a sample from six manufacturing industrial sectors. It was found that on average one local firm was in the grey zone and the rest 13 firms were in the safe zone (Z scores>2.99). MNCs’ Z scores were significantly higher than that of domestic companies. The grand mean of the Z score of MNCs was 5.398 while that of domestic companies was 4.155. In the case of domestic companies, Z score changes by 0.01 or 0.24% for a 1% change of total debt in opposite direction. MNCs’ Z score decreases by 0.005 or 0.073% for a 1% increase of total debt. Domestic companies should increase Z score by redesigning the capital structure and improving basic earning power. The study has practical implications for corporate managers, policymakers, investors, and government because future strategy, policy, and business performance depend on the zone in which the firms are situated. JEL Classification Codes: G30, G32, G39.

Background and Aims: In Bangladesh, a significant number of individuals experienced a faux coronavirus test, especially at the profit oriented private hospitals or clinics during the COVID-19 emergency. Therefore, the prime purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of healthcare service faux pas on the mental health of Bangladeshi people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the current study even explored the changes in life satisfaction of Bangladeshi individuals due to the faux SARS-CoV-2 tests in the country. Moreover, the study also dealt with the satisfaction of the people on the healthcare service during the COVID-19 emergency in Bangladesh. Study Design: The current research was conducted as a descriptive and bi-monthly cross-sectional study and used the snowball sampling technique to collect the survey data in Bangladesh. Place and Duration of Study: This study was employed in Dhaka division and Comilla division of Bangladesh between June and July in 2020. Methodology: In this study, we surveyed 393 Bangladeshi individuals from two divisions of the country. We measured mental & physical health (SF12), depression (PHQ2), anxiety (GAD2), distress (K6), life satisfaction and overall satisfaction on healthcare service. Survey data was analyzed on STATA platform to find the study findings. Results: This research found that Bangladeshi people experienced lower levels of mental and physical health conditions with the mean (STD) values of 23.1 (6.9) and 37.2 (9.1) respectively. Among the study participants, female individuals (60.05%) were mostly dissatisfied with the COVID-19 emergency healthcare service and dealt with more severe mental and physical disorders than male persons (39.95%) in the country. In this perspective, the study explored a dramatic increase in the mental stress and steady decline in life satisfaction of Bangladeshi individuals due to the false COVID-19 test certificates. Therefore, most of them had to go through multiple coronavirus tests to confirm the infected status. Additionally, participants visited at private hospitals for SARS-CoV-2 emergency support had higher levels of distress and dissatisfaction on the private healthcare services. Finally, the study found literally poor life satisfaction among all participants. Conclusion: The study found mental distress and life dissatisfaction caused by a private healthcare service faux pas in Bangladesh. So, this study suggests that a surge in the private healthcare service faux pas during or post coronavirus pandemic needs sustainable policy standards by the Government and nongovernment concerns. Fruitfully, the proper implementation of new policies especially for the private healthcare organizations is indeed essential to ensure a stress free healthy healthcare environment as well as higher life satisfaction for every individual in the country.

An experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Field Laboratory, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU) to evaluate the effects of age of seedlings on the yield and growth performance of transplanted Aus (T. Aus) rice variety from April 2019 to July 2019. The experiment was carried out assigning four age of seedlings (T1 = 22-day old, T2 = 24-day old, T3 = 27-day old, T4 = 30-day old) and two rice varieties (V1 = BRRI dhan83, V2 = BRRI dhan65). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. In case of variety, the highest plant height (102.108 cm), the highest grain yield (2.643 t/ha), and the highest harvest index (32.317%) were obtained in BRRI dhan83 where the lowest plant height (87.804 cm), the lowest grain yield (2.431 t/ha) and the lowest harvest index (32.068%) were obtained in BRRRI dhan65. The age of seedlings had significantly affected total tillers/hill, effective tillers/hill, panicle length in T. Aus rice variety. The highest plant height (98.16 cm), straw yield (6.122 t/ha), the maximum number of effective tillers/hill (15.347) were obtained in 24 days old seedlings. The highest grain yield (2.634 t/ha) was obtained from 27 days old seedlings, and the highest harvest index (33.88%) was obtained from 22 days old seedlings. The lowest grain yield (2.429) was obtained from 24 days old seedlings, and the lowest panicle length (13.753 cm), harvest index (30.467%), and the minimum number of effective tillers/hill (13.753) were obtained from 30 days old seedlings. The lowest straw yield (5.075 t/ha) and plant height (93.16 cm) were obtained from 22 days old seedlings. In case of interaction, the highest plant height (104.667 cm) and the harvest index (34.86%) were observed in BRRI dhan83 at 27 days old seedlings. The highest straw yield (5.805 t/ha) was observed in BRRI dhan65 at 30 days old seedlings. The maximum number of effective tillers/hill (18.519) was observed in BRRI dhan83 at 24 days old seedlings. The highest grain yield (2.94 t/ha) was observed in BRRI dhan83 at 22 days old seedlings. The lowest plant height (80.67 cm) was observed in BRRI dhan65 at 27 days old seedlings. The minimum number of total tillers/hill (17.01) was observed in BRRI dhan83 at 22 days old seedlings; lowest panicle length (20.78 cm), the minimum number of grains/panicle (68.07) were observed in BRRI dhan65 at 24 days old seedlings; 1000 grains weight (22.76 g), the lowest grain yield (2.18 t/ha) were observed in BRRI dhan83 at 24 days old seedlings; the lowest straw yield (4.54 t/ha) was observed in BRRI dhan65 at 22 days seedlings old and lowest harvest index (29.09%) were observed in BRRI dhan65 at 30 days old seedlings. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that almost all of the yield and yield contributing characters of T. Aus rice performed best under the interaction between age of seedlings 22 days old seedlings and the variety BRRI dhan85.

This study presents three different mathematical models for profit optimization of agricultural products in Bangladesh. The prime focus of the paper has been to develop a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and analyze this model for two situation of demand uncertainty. Considering demand will be known before and after production. For the mentions of above two cases, we investigate the change of solution applying least demand, maximum perhaps demand and extreme demand scenarios. I think this is real life problem and this analysis will be helpful for all types of agricultural producers. The proposed MILP model is to maximize the total profit and also to estimate the profitable production locations. The formulated MILP model were solved by A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) and results obtained by appropriate solver MINOS. Numerical example with the sensitivity of several parameters has been deployed to validate the models. Results show that maximum perhaps demand scenario gets better solution according to our expected value compare of other two scenarios.