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We consider early time cosmic evolution in string gas cosmology dominated by open strings attached to D-branes. After reviewing statistical properties of open strings in D-brane backgrounds, we use dilaton-gravity equations to determine the string frame fields. Although, there are distinctions in the Hagedorn regime thermodynamics and dilaton coupling as compared to closed strings, it seems difficult to avoid Jeans instability and assume thermal equilibrium simultaneously, which is already a known problem for closed strings. We also examine characteristics of a possible subsequent large radius regime in this setup., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, revtex4, v2: comments and references added, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

We point out that in the context of quantum fields in time dependent classical backgrounds, the number of created particles with a given momentum largely deviates about its mean value. Since the corresponding Fourier modes are nonlocal, this deviation shows that the expectation value of the number operator can only make sense in an ensemble of spacetimes. Using a complete orthonormal family of localized wave packets, we show how an ensemble interpretation can be given to cosmological particle creation in local terms. The reheating process following inflation is reexamined in the light of this construction., Comment: 7 pages, received an honorable mention in 2008 Gravity Research Foundation essay competition, to appear in special issue of IJMPD

In the context of quantum fields in time dependent classical backgrounds, we notice that the number of created particles with a given momentum largely deviates about its mean value. Guided with this observation we use a complete orthonormal family of localized wave packets to calculate the deviations in the number and energy densities of particles produced in a volume of a given size during reheating. It turns out that at the end of reheating there exists (in general tiny) spatial variations in these densities on Hubble length scales over which local interactions are incapable of restoring homogeneity. This signals the destruction of perfect homogeneity attained after inflation due to the quantum nature of particle production process in reheating., Comment: 9 pages, revtex4, v3: minor changes, a reference added

We observe that when a local patch in a radiation filled Robertson-Walker universe inflates by some reason, outside perturbations can enter into the inflating region. Generally, the physical wavelengths of these perturbations become larger than the Hubble radius as they cross into the inflating space and their amplitudes freeze out immediately. It turns out that the corresponding power spectrum is not scale invariant. Although these perturbations cannot reach out to a distance inner observer shielded by a de Sitter horizon, they still indicate a curious boundary effect in local inflationary scenarios., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, revtex4, v4: minor typos corrected, twocolumn version

We seek S-brane solutions in D=11 supergravity which can be characterized by a harmonic function H on the flat transverse space. It turns out that the Einstein's equations force H to be a linear function of the transverse coordinates. The codimension one H=0 hyperplane can be spacelike, timelike or null and the spacelike case reduces to the previously obtained SM2 or SM5 brane solutions. We then consider static S-brane configurations having smeared timelike directions where the transverse Lorentzian symmetry group is broken down to its maximal orthogonal subgroup. Assuming that the metric functions depend on a radial spatial coordinate, we construct explicit solutions in D=11 supergravity which are non-supersymmetric and asymptotically flat. Finally, we obtain spacelike fluxbrane backgrounds which have timelike electric or magnetic fluxlines extending from past to future infinity., Comment: 22 pages, v2: references added

In a toy model with gases of membranes and strings wrapping over a two-dimensional internal torus, we study the stabilization problem for the shape modulus. It is observed that winding modes of partially wrapped strings and momentum modes give rise to stress in the energy momentum tensor. We show that this stress dynamically stabilizes the shape modulus of the two torus., Comment: 16 pages, revtex4, v2: comments and references added

We consider linear cosmological perturbations on the background of a D-brane gas in which the compact dimensions and the dilaton are stabilized. We focus on long wavelength fluctuations and find that there are no instabilities. In particular, the perturbation of the internal space performs damped oscillations and decays in time. Therefore, the stabilization mechanism based on D-brane gases in string theory remains valid in the presence of linearized inhomogeneities., Comment: 11 pages, v2: minor changes, references added, to appear in JHEP

We investigate toy cosmological models in (1+m+p)-dimensions with gas of p-branes wrapping over p-compact dimensions. In addition to winding modes, we consider the effects of momentum modes corresponding to small vibrations of branes and find that the extra dimensions are dynamically stabilized while the others expand. Adding matter, the compact volume may grow slowly depending on the equation of state. We also obtain solutions with winding and momentum modes where the observed space undergoes accelerated expansion., Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, v2: comments and references added, to appear in JCAP

In self-interacting scalar field theories kinetic expansion is an alternative way of calculating the generating functional for Green's functions where the zeroth order non-Gaussian path integral becomes diagonal in x-space and reduces to the product of an ordinary integral at each point which can be evaluated exactly. We discuss how to deal with such functional integrals and propose a new perturbative expansion scheme which combines the elements of the kinetic expansion with that of usual perturbation theory. It is then shown that, when the cutoff dependent bare parameters in the potential are fixed to have a well defined non-Gaussian path integral without the kinetic term, the theory becomes trivial in the continuum limit., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, revtex4, v4: minor changes, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

We consider evolution of compact extra dimensions in cosmology and try to see whether wrapped branes can prevent the expansion of the internal space. Some difficulties of Brandenberger and Vafa mechanism for decompactification are pointed out. In both pure Einstein and dilaton gravities, we study cosmology of winding brane gases in a continuum approximation. The energy momentum tensor is obtained by coupling the brane action to the gravity action and we present several exact solutions for various brane configurations. T-duality invariance of the solutions are established in dilaton gravity. Our results indicate that phenomenologically the most viable scenario can be realized when there is only one brane wrapping over all extra dimensions., Comment: 17 pages, RevTex4, 2 figures, a paragraph added, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity

We present a cosmological model in 1+m+p dimensions, where in m-dimensional space there are uniformly distributed p-branes wrapping over the extra p-dimensions. We find that during cosmological evolution m-dimensional space expands with the exact power-law corresponding to pressureless matter while the extra p-dimensions contract. Adding matter, we also obtain solutions having the same property. We show that this might explain in a natural way why the extra dimensions are small compared to the observed three spatial directions., Comment: 6 pages, RevTex4, added a figure, section IV rewritten, conclusions unaltered

We construct open cosmic string solutions in Schwarzschild black hole and non-dilatonic black p-brane backgrounds. These strings can be thought to stretch between two D-branes or between a D-brane and the horizon in curved space-time. We study small fluctuations around these solutions and discuss their basic properties., Comment: 11 pages, REVTex, 5 figures, a reference added

We search for Ricci flat, K\"{a}hler geometries which are asymptotic to the cone whose base is the space T^{11} by working out covariantly constant spinor equations. The metrics we find are singular in the interior and introducing parallel D3-branes does not form regular event horizons cloaking the naked singularities. We also work out a supersymmetric ansatz involving only the metric and the 5-form field corresponding to D3-branes wrapping over the non-trivial 2-cycle of T^{11}. We find a system of first-order equations and argue that the solution has an event horizon and the ADM mass per unit volume diverges logarithmically., Comment: 11 pages, Latex, references and a note added, to appear in Physics Letters B

In a recent paper, we have pointed out a relation between the Killing spinor and Einstein equations. Using this relation, new brane solutions of D=11 and D=10 type IIB supergravity theories are constructed. It is shown that in a brane solution, the flat world-volume directions, the smeared transverse directions and the sphere located at a fixed radial distance can be replaced with any Lorentzian Ricci flat, Euclidean Ricci flat and Einstein manifolds, respectively. The solution obtained in this fashion is supersymmetric when the Ricci flat and Einstein manifolds have Killing spinors. We generalize intersecting brane solutions, in which M5, M2 and D3-branes also wrap over the cycles determined by the K\"{a}hler forms of Ricci flat K\"{a}hler manifolds. New, singular, Ricci flat manifolds as (generalized) cones over the U(1) bundles over Ricci flat K\"{a}hler spaces are constructed. These manifolds have covariantly constant spinors and give rise to new, supersymmetric, Ricci flat compactifications of non-gauged supergravity theories. We find M2 and D3-brane solutions, which asymptotically approach these singular vacua., Comment: 20 pages, Latex, typos corrected, minor changes

The classical cross section for low energy absorption of the RR-scalar by a stack of noncommutative D3-branes in the large NS B-field limit is calculated. In the spirit of AdS/CFT correspondence, this cross section is related to two point function of a certain operator in noncommutative Yang-Mills theory. Compared at the same gauge coupling, the result agrees with that of obtained from ordinary D3-branes. This is consistent with the expectation that ordinary and noncommutative Yang-Mills theories are equivalent below the noncommutativity scale, but it is a nontrivial prediction above this scale., Comment: 13 pages, Latex, corrected some typos (in the text)

According to the positive energy conjecture of Horowitz and Myers, there is a specific supergravity solution, AdS soliton, which has minimum energy among all asymptotically locally AdS solutions with the same boundary conditions. Related to the issue of semiclassical stability of AdS soliton in the context of pure gravity with a negative cosmological constant, physical boundary conditions are determined for an instanton solution which would be responsible for vacuum decay by barrier penetration. Certain geometric properties of instantons are studied, using Hermitian differential operators. On a $d$-dimensional instanton, it is shown that there are $d-2$ harmonic functions. A class of instanton solutions, obeying more restrictive boundary conditions, is proved to have $d-1$ Killing vectors which also commute. All but one of the Killing vectors are duals of harmonic one-forms, which are gradients of harmonic functions, and do not have any fixed points., Comment: 22 pages, Latex, short comments and a reference added

It is shown that, under certain conditions, the existence of a Killing spinor on a bosonic background of a supergravity theory implies that the Einstein equations are also satisfied. As an application of the theorem, we obtain a new black fivebrane solution of D=11 supergravity, which has $K3\times R$ topology and preserves 1/4'th supersymmetries of the theory., Comment: 12 pages, Latex