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Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (JOCSTEC) is the property of PT. Padang Tekno Corp and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A total of 92 individual trees with DBH of 5 cm and above comprising 21 families, 28 genera and 35 species were measured, identified and recorded. This study aimed to enumerate the tree species composition and estimate the diversity index of trees with DBH of 5 cm and above at Pulau Banding, Perak. An ecological plot size of 70 m x 70 m or 0.49 ha was established and divided into three subplots. The data collection was collected to determine the number of species, number of individuals and DBH within the plots. The Shannon Diversity Index was estimated at H’ = 2.98 (H’max = 3.53) while the Simpson’s Index (D) was 0.10 and Species Evenness (E) was 0.85. Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae) was the most important species with an IV i (Important Value Index) of 24.7%, while Dipterocarpaceae was the dominant family for the study area with an IV i of 45.36%. The total aboveground biomass of all trees with a DBH of 5 cm and above in a 0.49 ha plot in Pulau Banding was estimated at 66.2 t/ha. Hence this study is providing preliminary data on tree species composition at Pulau Banding, Perak for conserving the remaining valued timber trees that are still in the regeneration phase.

The distribution and diversity of the Rubiaceae species were investigated along one trail at Pulau Banding, Gerik, Perak. This study aims to identify and estimate the diversity of the Rubiaceae species. The diversity and distribution of the Rubiaceae species were calculated using Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index, Simpson's Diversity Index and relative abundance index. A total of 139 individuals from nine species were recorded from Pulau Banding, Perak which are Mitracarpus hirtus, Gardenia carinata, Aidia densiflora, Hypobathrum hirtum, Coffea arabica, Psychotria marginata, Lasianthus constrictus, Porterandia anisophyllea and Ixora finlaysoniana. The values of the Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index (H′) and Simpson's Diversity Index (D) are 1.55 and 3.27, respectively. This indicates that M. hirtus is the most dominant species, encompassing 49% of all recorded Rubiaceae. Since it has many benefits such as food, timber, medicine, and the diversity of conservation value, this is vital as baseline data for researchers to propose solutions to the stakeholders and conservation sustainability of the Rubiaceae family as plant resources in Pulau Banding, Perak.

Although molecular vibronic spectra generation is pivotal for chemical analysis, tackling such exponentially complex tasks on classical computers remains inefficient. Quantum simulation, though theoretically promising, faces technological challenges in experimentally extracting vibronic spectra for molecules with multiple modes. Here, we propose a nontrivial algorithm to generate the vibronic spectra using states with zero displacements (squeezed vacuum states) coupled to a linear optical network, offering ease of experimental implementation. We also fabricate an integrated quantum photonic microprocessor chip as a versatile simulation platform containing 16 modes of single-mode squeezed vacuum states and a fully programmable interferometer network. Molecular vibronic spectra of formic acid and thymine under the Condon approximation are simulated using the quantum microprocessor chip with high reconstructed fidelity (> 92%). Furthermore, vibronic spectra of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and benzene under the non-Condon approximation are also experimentally simulated. Such demonstrations could pave the way for solving complicated quantum chemistry problems involving vibronic spectra and computational tasks beyond the reach of classical computers. Proof-of-principle photonic quantum simulations of molecular vibronic spectra have been realised, but scalability to more complex systems is hindered by the difficulties in generating squeezed coherent states with multiple modes. Here, the authors demonstrate an alternative approach relying on vacuum-squeezed state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dentate nuclei of the cerebellum are key sites of neuropathology in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Reduced dentate nucleus volume and increased mean magnetic susceptibility, a proxy of iron concentration, have been reported by magnetic resonance imaging studies in people with FRDA. Here, we investigate whether these changes are regionally heterogeneous. Methods: Quantitative susceptibility mapping data were acquired from 49 people with FRDA and 46 healthy controls. The dentate nuclei were manually segmented and analyzed using three dimensional vertex‐based shape modeling and voxel‐based assessments to identify regional changes in morphometry and susceptibility, respectively. Results: Individuals with FRDA, relative to healthy controls, showed significant bilateral surface contraction most strongly at the rostral and caudal boundaries of the dentate nuclei. The magnitude of this surface contraction correlated with disease duration, and to a lesser extent, ataxia severity. Significantly greater susceptibility was also evident in the FRDA cohort relative to controls, but was instead localized to bilateral dorsomedial areas, and also correlated with disease duration and ataxia severity. Conclusions: Changes in the structure of the dentate nuclei in FRDA are not spatially uniform. Atrophy is greatest in areas with high gray matter density, whereas increases in susceptibility—reflecting iron concentration, demyelination, and/or gliosis—predominate in the medial white matter. These findings converge with established histological reports and indicate that regional measures of dentate nucleus substructure are more sensitive measures of disease expression than full‐structure averages. Biomarker development and therapeutic strategies that directly target the dentate nuclei, such as gene therapies, may be optimized by targeting these areas of maximal pathology. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Suicide has a wide range of interrelated determinants including social, economic, psychological and religious factors. This study examine the key determinants contributing to suicidal attitude, highlighting the socio-economic role and mental health disorder such as isolation, familial relationships, unemployment, poverty, hopelessness, depression and anxiety. The qualitative study explores the determinants of suicide through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and observatory tools with suicide committers and family members of affected individuals in Muzaffargarh, Punjab. This study mainly focus on the life after suicide attempt, the role of community and people perceptions towards suicide. Society perceived differently the phenomenon of suicide and consider the committer as dead after attempt but study have second face of survival of committers. It needs to provide healthy and non-isolated environment to the stressed individuals and gaming activities should be helpful for strong mental health capabilities to cope up with social, economic stressing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ongoing global expansion of salt-affected land is a significant factor, limiting the growth and yield of crops, particularly rice (Oryza sativa L). This experiment explores the mitigation of salt-induced damage in rice (cv BRRI dhan100) following the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Methods: Rice seedlings, at five- and six-weeks post-transplanting, were subjected to salt stress treatments using 50 and 100 mM NaCl at seven-day intervals. Bacterial cultures consisting of endophytic PGPR (Bacillus subtilis and B. aryabhattai) and an epiphytic PGPR (B. aryabhattai) were administered at three critical stages: transplantation of 42-day-old seedlings, vegetative stage at five weeks post-transplantation, and panicle initiation stage at seven weeks post-transplantation. Discussion: These findings highlight the potential of PGPR to bolster physiological and biochemical functionality in rice by serving as an effective buffer against salt stress-induced damage. B. subtilis showed the greatest benefits, while both the endophytic and epiphytic B. aryabhattai had commendable effects in mitigating salt stress-induced damage in rice plants. Results: Salt stress induced osmotic stress, ionic imbalances, and oxidative damage in rice plants, with consequent negative effects on growth, decrease in photosynthetic efficiency, and changes in hormonal regulation, along with increased methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity. PGPR treatment alleviated salinity effects by improving plant antioxidant defenses, restoring ionic equilibrium, enhancing water balance, increasing nutrient uptake, improving photosynthetic attributes, bolstering hormone synthesis, and enhancing MG detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]