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Optic neuropathy is a group of optic nerve (ON) diseases with progressive degeneration of ON and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The lack of neuroprotective treatments is a central challenge for this leading cause of irreversible blindness. SARM1 (sterile α and TIR motif-containing protein 1) has intrinsic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) hydrolase activity that causes axon degeneration by degrading axonal NAD+ significantly after activation by axon injury. SARM1 deletion is neuroprotective in many, but not all, neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we compare two therapy strategies for SARM1 inhibition, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and CRISPR, with germline SARM1 deletion in the neuroprotection of three optic neuropathy mouse models. This study reveals that, similar to germline SARM1 knockout in every cell, local retinal SARM1 ASO delivery and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated RGC-specific CRISPR knockdown of SARM1 provide comparable neuroprotection to both RGC somata and axons in the silicone oil-induced ocular hypertension (SOHU) glaucoma model but only protect RGC axons, not somata, after traumatic ON injury. Surprisingly, neither of these two therapy strategies of SARM1 inhibition nor SARM1 germline knockout (KO) benefits RGC or ON survival in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)/optic neuritis model. Our studies therefore suggest that SARM1 inhibition by local ASO delivery or AAV-mediated CRISPR is a promising neuroprotective gene therapy strategy for traumatic and glaucomatous optic neuropathies but not for demyelinating optic neuritis.

Abstract Background Breast cancer continues to be the second most diagnosed cancer overall and the most diagnosed cancer for women in Australia. While mortality rates overall have declined in recent years, Indigenous women continue to be diagnosed at more marginal rates (0.9 times) and are more likely to die (1.2 times). The literature provides a myriad of reasons for this; however, the voices of Indigenous women are largely absent. This study sets out to understand what is happening from the perspectives of Australian Indigenous women with a view to charting culturally safer pathways that improve participation in screening and treatment by Indigenous women. Methods This co-design study was conducted using semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Recruitment of study participants was via snowball sampling. Participants were subsequently consented into the study through the Aboriginal Health Service and the research team. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data coded in NVivo12 using inductive thematic analysis. Results A total of 21 Indigenous women and 14 health service providers were interviewed predominantly from the same regional/rural area in NSW, with a small proportion from other states in Australia. Six major themes were identified: Access, Awareness, Community and Family, Lack of control, Negative feelings and associations and Role of services. Conclusion To improve access and participation of Indigenous women and ultimately improve mortality rates, breast cancer services must explicitly address cultural and community needs.

Background: the presence of hypertension-increased abdominal circumference phenotypes is considered a cardiometabolic deterioration prognostic index.Objective: to determine the frequency of women with altered waist phenotypes and to establish the association between these and the main cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to estimate the global cardiovascular risk at 10 years.Methods: descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, which included 100 women who attended the Provincial Climacteric Consultation, at the Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Cienfuegos Hospital, from March 2016 to 2020. The analyzed variables were: age, skin color, smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, uric acid, and triglycerides. The prevalence ratio was determined with a significance level of 95%.Results: the likelihood ratio showed a higher risk of presenting the phenotype in people over 45 years of age (1.47), obese (5.57), hypertensive (3.71) and diabetic (1.67). A significant association was found between smoking and physical activity with a probability ratio of 5.80 and 18, respectively.Conclusions: there is a significant relationship between altered abdominal waist phenotypes and the main cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased age, cardiovascular risk, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity.

Some evidence suggests body postures can elicit emotion. Compared to neutral postures, constrictive postures are associated with negative affect and low arousal, whereas expansive postures have shown mixed effects. Qualitative methods may allow insights into this phenomenon. We asked 15 participants (mean age 43 years) to adopt eight different expansive, constrictive, or neutral postures, drawn from previous power posing or postural studies. After a minute in each posture, participants were interviewed about how they felt and when they might adopt the posture in real life. Interviews were audio recorded and inductive thematic analysis conducted. Power poses were associated with power and confidence, but also aggression, arrogance, intimidation, and disrespect. The slumped posture was associated with sadness and low control, and the upright seated posture with being alert and apprehensive as well as formality. Neutral postures were associated with feeling relaxed and comfortable. These results suggest that expansive postures have mixed emotional effects, but are inappropriate in some contexts.

Abstract The non-euphorigenic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has been used successfully to treat childhood-onset epilepsies. These conditions are associated with developmental delays that often include vocal learning. Zebra finch song, like language, is a complex behavior learned during a sensitive period of development. Song quality is maintained through continuous sensorimotor refinement involving circuits that control learning and production. Within the vocal motor circuit, HVC is a cortical-like region that when partially lesioned temporarily disrupts song structure. We previously found CBD (10 mg/kg/day) improves post-lesion vocal recovery. The present studies were done to begin to understand mechanisms possibly responsible for CBD vocal protection. We found CBD markedly reduced expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers. These effects were associated with regionally-reduced expression of the microglial marker TMEM119. As microglia are key regulators of synaptic reorganization, we measured synapse densities, finding significant lesion-induced circuit-wide decreases that were largely reversed by CBD. Synaptic protection was accompanied by NRF2 activation and BDNF/ARC/ARG3.1/MSK1 expression implicating mechanisms important to song circuit node mitigation of oxidative stress and promotion of synaptic homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that CBD promotes an array of neuroprotective processes consistent with modulation of multiple cell signaling systems, and suggest these mechanisms are important to post-lesion recovery of a complex learned behavior.

This study analyzes the proportion of workers with occupations at high risk of being replaced by technology in Colombia and explores the personal, occupational and business characteristics that make workers more or less vulnerable to the fourth industrial revolution. We use a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to show that more than a third of workers have jobs at high risk of automation; however, variables such as educational level, job training, economic sector, among others, are significant characteristics that mitigate the negative impacts of technological progress on employment.

PurposeTo test the hypothesis that rod photoreceptor mitochondria function in vivo progressively declines over time.Methods2, 12, and 24 month-old dark- and light-adapted C57BL/6J (B6J) mice were examined by OCT. We measured (i) an index of mitochondrial configuration within photoreceptors measured from the profile shape aspect ratio (MCP/AR) of the hyperreflective band posterior to the external limiting membrane (ELM), (ii) a proxy for energy-dependent pH-triggered water removal, the thickness of the ELM-retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE), and its correlate (iii) the hyporeflective band (HB) signal intensity at the photoreceptor tips. Visual performance was assessed by optokinetic tracking.ResultsIn 2 and 24 month-old mice, MCP/AR in both inferior and superior retina was smaller in light than in dark; no dark–light differences were noted in 12 month-old mice. Dark-adapted inferior and superior, and light-adapted superior, ELM-RPE thickness increased with age. The dark–light difference in ELM-RPE thickness remained constant across all ages. All ages showed a decreased HB signal intensity magnitude in dark relative to light. In 12 month-old mice, the dark–light difference in HB magnitude was greater than in younger and older mice. Anatomically, outer nuclear layer thickness decreased with age. Visual performance indices were reduced at 24 month-old compared to 2 month-old mice.ConclusionWhile the working hypothesis was not supported herein, the results raise the possibility of a mid-life adaptation in rod mitochondrial function during healthy aging in B6J mice based on OCT biomarkers, a plasticity that occurred prior to declines in visual performance.

BackgroundCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are used to treat a range of cardiovascular diseases and can lead to substantial clinical improvements. However, studies evaluating patients’ experiences of living with these devices are sparse and have focused mainly on implantable cardioverter defibrillators. In addition, there has been limited evaluation of how people living with a CIED use social media to gain insight into their condition. ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze posts from web-based communities called subreddits on the website Reddit, intended for people living with a CIED, to characterize the informational needs and experiences of patients. MethodsReddit was systematically searched for appropriate subreddits, and we found 1 subreddit that could be included in the analysis. A Python-based web scraping script using the Reddit application programming interface was used to extract posts from this subreddit. Each post was individually screened for relevancy, and a register of participants’ demographic information was created. Conventional qualitative content analysis was used to inductively classify the qualitative data collected into codes, subcategories, and overarching categories. ResultsOf the 484 posts collected using the script, 186 were excluded, resulting in 298 posts from 196 participants being included in the analysis. The median age of the participants who reported this was 33 (IQR 22.0-39.5; range 17-72) years, and the majority had a permanent pacemaker. The content analysis yielded 5 overarching categories: use of the subreddit by participants, questions and experiences related to the daily challenges of living with a CIED, physical sequelae of CIED implantation, psychological experiences of living with a CIED, and questions and experiences related to health care while living with a CIED. These categories provided insight into the diverse experiences and informational needs of participants living with a CIED. The data predominantly represented the experiences of younger and more physically active participants. ConclusionsSocial media provides a platform through which people living with a CIED can share information and provide support to their peers. Participants generally sought information about the experiences of others living with a CIED. This was often done to help overcome a range of challenges faced by participants, including the need to adapt to living with a CIED, difficulties with navigating health care, psychological difficulties, and various aversive physical sequelae. These challenges may be particularly difficult for younger and physically active people. Health care professionals may leverage peer support and other aid to help people overcome the challenges they face while living with a CIED.

Context: In the United States, Black nursing home (NH) residents have higher rates of pressure injury (PI) than White residents. Although some studies ascribe this to a relatively high proportion of Black residents in NHs with poor outcomes and limited resources, the factors that associate with PIs and their consequences across and within NHs remain poorly understood. Also, little is known about PIs among residents of differing races and ethnicities. Objectives: Using four national datasets from 2016–2017, we evaluated U.S. NHs to characterize differences in PI-related outcomes among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indian or Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, and clarified the impact of resident-, facility-, and community-level characteristics on these outcomes. Methods: We calculated the annual incidence rate of PIs, the probability of PI healing, and the prevalence of PI-associated pain and analgesic prescription. We determined the bivariate associations between each of these outcomes and race/ethnicity, and between each outcome and multiple potential covariates. Multivariable analyses then evaluated the associations between each outcome and race/ethnicity while adjusting for covariates. Findings: In the bivariate analyses, the annual incidence rate of stage 2, 3, 4, and unstageable PIs for Whites was lower than Blacks and Hispanics, similar to American Indians or Alaska Natives, and higher than Asians and Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders. In the multivariable analyses, the PI incidence rate ratio was higher only among American Indians or Alaska Natives, and this difference was associated with a NH-level variable—the proportion of racial and ethnic minority residents. Other outcomes did not vary by race/ethnicity. An adjusted exploratory analysis was conducted to help explain the difference between the bivariate and multivariable analyses and revealed an important within-NH difference: Compared to Whites, the PI incidence rate ratios were higher in women who were Black, or American Indian or Alaska Native. Limitations: Our findings are correlational and may be impacted by unevaluated variables and the limitations of administrative data. Implications: In U.S. NHs, the annual incidence rate of PIs varies by race/ethnicity. Facility characteristics strongly influence this variation. Higher incidence rate ratios among racial and ethnic minority residents also are explained by differences within NHs and are striking among subgroups, including female residents who are Black, or American Indian or Alaska Native. Future research should evaluate the sexes separately and explore both across-NH and within-NH differences to determine whether there are structural inequities, bias, and disparate care.

IntroductionPreterm birth is increasingly recognized to cause lifelong functional deficits, which often show no correlate in conventional MRI. In addition, early postnatal infection with human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is being discussed as a possible cause for further impairments. In the present work, we used fixel-based analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI to assess long-term white matter alterations associated with preterm birth and/or early postnatal hCMV infection.Materials and methods36 former preterms (PT, median age 14.8 years, median gestational age 28 weeks) and 18 healthy term-born controls (HC, median age 11.1 years) underwent high angular resolution DWI scans (1.5 T, b = 2 000 s/mm2, 60 directions) as well as clinical assessment. All subjects showed normal conventional MRI and normal motor function. Early postnatal hCMV infection status (CMV+ and CMV−) had been determined from repeated screening, ruling out congenital infections. Whole-brain analysis was performed, yielding fixel-wise metrics for fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and fiber density and cross-section (FDC). Group differences were identified in a whole-brain analysis, followed by an analysis of tract-averaged metrics within a priori selected tracts associated with cognitive function. Both analyses were repeated while differentiating for postnatal hCMV infection status.ResultsPT showed significant reductions of fixel metrics bilaterally in the cingulum, the genu corporis callosum and forceps minor, the capsula externa, and cerebellar and pontine structures. After including intracranial volume as a covariate, reductions remained significant in the cingulum. The tract-specific investigation revealed further reductions bilaterally in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the uncinate fasciculus. When differentiating for hCMV infection status, no significant differences were found between CMV+ and CMV−. However, comparing CMV+ against HC, fixel metric reductions were of higher magnitude and of larger spatial extent than in CMV− against HC.ConclusionPreterm birth can lead to long-lasting alterations of WM micro- and macrostructure, not visible on conventional MRI. Alterations are located predominantly in WM structures associated with cognitive function, likely underlying the cognitive deficits observed in our cohort. These observed structural alterations were more pronounced in preterms who suffered from early postnatal hCMV infection, in line with previous studies suggesting an additive effect.

Abstract Background Volar plate injuries are a common hand injury and complications associated with this injury such as a fixed flexion deformity, persistent pain and oedema can have a significant impact on a person’s function. The literature reports these injuries are treated using various splinting materials such as thermoplastic, in varying degrees of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion or buddy loops. Despite volar plate injuries being reported as common, optimal non-surgical treatment of these injuries remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether a dorsal blocking orthosis in a neutral position (00) is more effective than buddy loops for a volar plate injury to the proximal interphalangeal joint in preventing a fixed flexion deformity, reducing pain, managing oedema, and promoting function. Methods This study is a single-centre, prospective parallel-group, single blinded (assessor), randomised clinical trial. Patients between 18–65 years, who have sustained a volar plate injury to a single digit, have adequate cognitive functioning and give written informed consent will be invited to participate in this study. Patients will be randomised to either the control group where they will be fitted with buddy loops and commence early active motion exercises or the experimental group where they will receive a dorsal thermoplastic orthosis in a neutral position and commence early active motion exercises. The primary outcome measure is passive proximal interphalangeal joint extension and secondary outcome measures include passive range of motion, total passive motion, active range of motion, total active motion, grip strength, oedema, pain, function and adherence to treatment. Assessments will be completed until 8 weeks following commencement of treatment. The sample size calculation indicates that 23 patients is required in each group. With an expected dropout rate of 25% a total of 32 patients will be enrolled in each group. Discussion This study will assist in trying to improve treatment of volar plate injuries and assist in reducing complications associated with volar plate injuries, potentially reducing the need for prolonged hand therapy. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001425785p). Ethical approval has been granted by the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District ethical committee (2022/ETH01697).

Abstract Background Children’s exposure to unhealthy food and beverage marketing has a direct impact on their dietary preference for, and consumption of, unhealthy food and drinks. Most children spend time online, yet marketing restrictions for this medium have had slow uptake globally. A voluntary Children’s and Young People’s Advertising (CYPA) Code was implemented in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ) in 2017. This study explores the Code’s limitations in protecting children from harmful food and beverage marketing practices on digital platforms accessible to children. Methods A cross-sectional content analysis of company websites (n = 64), Facebook pages (n = 32), and YouTube channels (n = 15) of the most popular food and beverage brands was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in NZ. Brands were selected based on market share, web traffic analysis and consumer engagement (Facebook page ‘Likes’ and YouTube page views). Analysis focused on volume and type of food posts/videos, level of consumer interaction, nutritional quality of foods pictured (based on two different nutrient profile models), and use of specific persuasive marketing techniques. Results Eighty-one percent of websites (n = 52) featured marketing of unhealthy food and beverages. Thirty-five percent of websites featuring unhealthy food and beverages used promotional strategies positioning their products as ‘for kids’; a further 13% used ‘family-oriented’ messaging. Several websites featuring unhealthy products also had designated sections for children, ‘advergaming,’ or direct messaging to children. Eighty-five percent of all food and drink company Facebook posts and YouTube videos were classified as unhealthy. Twenty-eight percent of Facebook posts for unhealthy products featured persuasive promotional strategies, and 39% premium offers. Nearly 30% of YouTube videos for unhealthy food and beverages featured promotional strategies, and 13% premium offers. Ten percent of Facebook posts and 13% of YouTube videos of unhealthy food and beverages used marketing techniques specifically targeting children and young people. Conclusions The voluntary CYPA Code has been in effect since 2017, but the inherent limitations and loopholes in the Code mean companies continue to market unhealthy food and beverages in ways that appeal to children even if they have committed to the Code. Comprehensive and mandatory regulation would help protect children from exposure to harmful marketing.

Introduction: The present research originated from the notable increase in injuries in football players in Honduras. Objective: The objective was to know the most frequent injuries and identify their location, classification and risk factors. Material and methods: The study used the indirect or non-interactive qualitative empirical method: consultation of official documents through the search in the database, PMC US National Library of Medicine , the keywords were used: football, most frequent injuries and risk factors, remaining 28 documents directly related to the theme. Results: The main results focus on the review carried out where it was verified that the most frequent lower limb injuries in football are located in: thigh-ankle, groin-hip, quadriceps-hamstrings, internal, cruciate and external ligaments. Regarding the classification, it was found that of the sports prevention group of the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine and that assumed by the Union of European Football Federations (UEFA) Champions League. Among the risk factors identified are: altered biomechanics of movement, body composition, previous injuries, flexibility deficit, insufficient development of endurance to isometric strength of the stabilizing muscles, muscle-tendon imbalance between quadriceps and hamstrings and the upper load volumes and training hours. Conclusion: The present study allowed assessing the most frequent injuries of the in lower limbs in football.

Durante la pandemia de Covid-19, los docentes de una institución rural en Saboyá experimentaron un impacto negativo en sus procesos académicos debido al acceso limitado a internet por parte de los estudiantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar y analizar las estrategias de evaluación implementadas en las clases de inglés como lengua extranjera, mediadas por e-learning, en una escuela rural. Esta investigación se basó en un estudio de caso de tipo cualitativo en el que participaron voluntariamente los docentes de la institución. La información fue recopilada a través de cuestionarios, artefactos y notas de campo, y se analizó mediante un proceso de triangulación. Los resultados revelaron que la estrategia de evaluación aplicada en esta institución se enfocó en el desarrollo de guías de trabajo intercambiadas a través de WhatsApp. Por lo tanto, la evaluación tuvo una orientación principalmente sumativa. Asimismo, la comunicación se limitó a llamadas telefónicas, lo que resultó en una deficiencia en el proceso de retroalimentación.

_Background_: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are a widely used technology within health care. Nursing students require preparation during undergraduate education for the use of EMR. Nursing educators in universities also need to be proficient with EMR. This study reports the experiences and attitudes of nursing students and nurse educators using a simulated Academic Electronic Medical Record (AEMR) system within a nursing degree. _Aim_: To determine nursing student and nursing educator experience with and attitudes towards EMR and AEMR. _Methods_: Nursing students across three years of a Bachelor of Nursing program and nurse educators teaching with an AEMR system completed an online survey. _Results_: Findings from participating nursing students (n=103) revealed a favourable view of the learning and clinical relevance of AEMR (87.5%). Less than half (45.5%) of the surveyed students had been exposed to EMR whilst on clinical placements. In contrast most of the students (38.8%) who had been employed in a health care setting within the previous five years had used an EMR. Nurse educator responses (n=7) showed that most (n=5) had experience with EMR and viewed AEMR as important for student learning, with fewer (n=3) regarding it as an easy system to use. _Conclusion_: The survey revealed that both students and educators were satisfied with AEMR - and that AEMR use was acceptable for use in the University setting. However, the survey shows student exposure to EMR on placement is low. AEMR applications have the potential to bridge the gap in student experience however adequate support and training for academic staff in the use of AEMR is required.

Introduction Despite major advances in the field of neuroscience over the last three decades, the quality of assessments available to patients with memory problems in later life has barely changed. At the same time, a large proportion of dementia biomarker research is conducted in selected research samples that often poorly reflect the demographics of the population of patients who present to memory clinics. The Oxford Brain Health Clinic (BHC) is a newly developed clinical assessment service with embedded research in which all patients are offered high-quality clinical and research assessments, including MRI, as standard.Methods and analysis Here we describe the BHC protocol, including aligning our MRI scans with those collected in the UK Biobank. We evaluate rates of research consent for the first 108 patients (data collection ongoing) and the ability of typical psychiatry-led NHS memory-clinic patients to tolerate both clinical and research assessments.Ethics and dissemination Our ethics and consenting process enables patients to choose the level of research participation that suits them. This generates high rates of consent, enabling us to populate a research database with high-quality data that will be disseminated through a national platform (the Dementias Platform UK data portal).

Introducción: La neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial es poco frecuente; sin embargo, es necesario destacar que en los últimos años su incidencia ha aumentado de manera significativa en las pacientes más jóvenes, debido al aumento de la infección genital por el virus de papiloma humano. Objetivo: Describir la intervención quirúrgica de vulvectomía parcial en una paciente con cáncer de vulva, haciendo una valoración fundamentada en la teoría de Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, con un enfoque en el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, durante el perioperatorio. Material y métodos: Estudio de caso observacional, transversal y descriptivo, enfocado en una paciente que se seleccionó en una institución de salud pública de segundo nivel de atención de la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Resultados: Las intervenciones de enfermería fueron realizadas satisfactoriamente, por lo cual, la paciente tuvo un perioperatorio y una estadía hospitalaria sin complicaciones. Discusión: La modificación en el estilo de vida tras el diagnóstico de la patología vulvar en la paciente de estudio, nos demuestra que puede ser prevenida aplicando los métodos de autocuidado descritos por Dorothea Orem. Conclusión: La enfermera quirúrgica tiene un rol importante; en el preoperatorio, ayudando a la paciente a manejar sus sentimientos y brindándole información de su padecimiento y futura cirugía, en el transoperatorio evitando daños y vigilando que se realice una cirugía segura, en el posoperatorio, realizando una valoración para evitar riesgos que puedan prolongar su estadía hospitalaria.

Background: Dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal–autophagy pathway has been identified as a critical factor in the pathology of various demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases, including peripheral neuropathies. This pathway plays a crucial role in transporting newly synthesized myelin proteins to the plasma membrane in myelinating Schwann cells, making these cells susceptible to lysosome-related dysfunctions. Nevertheless, the specific impact of lysosomal dysfunction in Schwann cells and its contribution to neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Methods: We aim to mimic lysosomal dysfunction in Schwann cells using chloroquine, a lysosomal dysfunction inducer, and to monitor lysosomal leakiness, Schwann cell viability, and apoptosis over time. Additionally, due to the ethical and experimental issues associated with cell isolation and the culturing of human Schwann cells, we use human dental pulp stem cell-derived Schwann cells (DPSC-SCs) as a model in our study. Results: Chloroquine incubation boosts lysosomal presence as demonstrated by an increased Lysotracker signal. Further in-depth lysosomal analysis demonstrated an increased lysosomal size and permeability as illustrated by a TEM analysis and GAL3-LAMP1 staining. Moreover, an Alamar blue assay and Caspase-3 staining demonstrates a reduced viability and increased apoptosis, respectively. Conclusions: Our data indicate that prolonged lysosomal dysfunction leads to lysosomal permeability, reduced viability, and eventually apoptosis in human DPSC-SCs.

Abstract Dopamine has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of smoking. However, there remains a need for a better understanding of the effects of dopamine D1-like receptor agonists on nicotine intake and the role of sex differences in the effects of dopaminergic drugs on behavior. This work studied the effects of D1-like receptor stimulation and blockade on operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in male and female rats. The effects of the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.003, 0.01, 0.03 mg/kg) and the D1-like receptor agonist A77636 (0.1, 0.3, 1 mg/kg) on responding for nicotine and food, and locomotor activity were investigated. The effects of SCH 23390 were investigated 15 min and 24 h after treatment, and the effects of the long-acting drug A77636 were investigated 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h after treatment. Operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity were decreased immediately after treatment with SCH 23390. Treatment with SCH 23390 did not have any long-term effects. Operant responding for nicotine was still decreased 48 h after treatment with A77636, and food responding was decreased up to 24 h after treatment. Treatment with A77636 only decreased locomotor activity at the 48 h time point. There were no sex differences in the effects of SCH 23390 or A77636. In conclusion, the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 reduces nicotine intake and causes sedation in rats. Stimulation of D1-like receptors with A77636 decreases nicotine intake at time points that the drug does not cause sedation.

En el presente trabajo se aborda el tema de salud mental al interior de las organizaciones y las consecuencias de su no atención. La revisión teórica que se incluye permite distinguir los factores que la causan y los requerimientos que se deben cumplir para que se mantenga en óptimas condiciones y no afecte el rendimiento de los trabajadores. Se incorporan los resultados de una investigación de campo, la cual consideró como sujetos de estudio a una muestra representativa de los trabajadores que laboran en la industria del vestido en el municipio de Zapotlanejo, Jalisco en México. En la parte final del documento se incluyen recomendaciones para fortalecer el concepto de salud mental en los entornos laborales de las empresas objeto de estudio, con el propósito de incrementar su productividad.

La reciente migración desde Venezuela hacia Colombia es un fenómeno sin precedentes en la historia de América Latina y hasta el momento es poco lo que se ha investigado sobre las apreciaciones personales y los sentimientos de los migrantes en este país de acogida. En el presente documento analizamos los determinantes que inciden en la percepción de discriminación e identificación cultural por parte de la población migrante venezolana en Colombia. Para ello utilizamos un modelo no lineal ordenado y datos de la Encuesta Pulso de la Migración (epm) realizada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (Dane). Encontramos que factores como estar inscrito en un registro para migrantes, tener pasaporte, estar trabajando, la edad y el tamaño del hogar son altamente significativos a la hora de analizar las percepciones. Estos resultados son relevantes para la implementación de políticas públicas que busquen mejorar la calidad de vida de la creciente población venezolana en Colombia.