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Integral transforms have wide applications in the various disciplines of engineering and science to solve the problems of heat transfer, springs, mixing problems, electrical networks, bending of beams, carbon dating problems, Newton’s second law of motion, signal processing, exponential growth and decay problems. In this paper, authors discussed the duality relations of Kamal transform with Laplace, Laplace–Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms. Tabular presentation of Laplace transform, Laplace–Carson transforms, Aboodh transform, Sumudu transform, Elzaki transform, Mohand transform and Sawi transform of mostly used basic mathematical functions are given to visualize the importance of duality relations of Kamal transform with Laplace, Laplace–Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms. To show the practical importance of the paper, a problem of the field of pharmacokinetics has been taken and solved in full steps using Kamal transform with the help of mention duality relations. Results show that Kamal transform and Laplace, Laplace–Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms have a strong relationship.

Pulau madura pada masa kolonial belanda sudah menggunakan transportasi kereta api. Awalnya moda transportasi KA memang hanya digunakan sebagai sarana angkutan garam sebagai komiditi utama Madura antara Kalianget dan Kamal maupun sebaliknya. Sejak tahun 1984 jalur kereta api Madura di tutup secara keseluruhan dikarenakan angkutan transportasi kalah saing dengan angkutan umum lainya jarak pendek. Pada tahun 2009 dengan dibukanya jembatan Suramadu geliat pertumbuhan ekonomis sosial madura khususnya kabupaten Bangkalan mulai berkembang hal ini ditandai dengan rencana pembangunan Central Bussines District di daerah Sukolilo dan rencana pembangunan pelabuhan peti kemas di daerah tanjung bulu pandan yang memerlukan infrastruktur transportasi penghubung khususnya distribusi barang yang salah satunya adalah menggunakan kereta api. Penelitian ini bertujuan memilih trase kereta api terbaik di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) yang merupakan metode pengambilan keputusan, yang peralatan utamanya adalah sebuah hirarki. Penelitian ini memberikan 2 alternatif pemilihan trase diantaranya trase A trase eksisting yang sudah ada dari Pelabuhan kamal sampai Kota Bangkalan. Sedangkan trase B adalah trase yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini dari ujung jembatan Suramadu sisi Madura sampai Stasiun Tunjung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa membangun trase kereta api baru menjadi alternatif terpilih dibandingkan dengan melakukan reaktivasi dengan kriteria tata ruang menjadi kriteria terpenting yang harus didahulukan dalam memilih alrernatif trase. Secara keseluruhan membangun trase baru dari Suramadu ke Bangkalan dirasa lebih penting oleh para responden jika dilihat dari segi tata ruang, desain, kerawanan bencana dan kebutuhan dana.

This study is entitled "Perception of the Community Against Modern Markets" This study presents two formulations of the problem, namely whether the influence of modern markets on the social life of the community and how the public perception of the modern market in Kamal, Bangkalan Regency. Based on the formulation of the problem, this study has a purpose to see people's perception of the existence of a modern market in Kamal, Bangkalan Regency. To find out the influence of the modern market on people's social life in Kamal, Bangkalan Regency. To know the development of capitalism in Indonesia by connecting capitalism and the development of modern markets. This type of research is qualitative descriptive, using several informants to conduct interviews and observations. The source of the data used is the primary source, namely information that comes from direct observation to the research location by means of observation and interviews. While secondary sources are data obtained from documentation or library studies to complete primary data. Data collection is carried out through field research through observation, interviews, and documentation.

Finance Minister AHM Mustafa Kamal, along with the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, proposed the national budget for fiscal year 2019-2020 in the Jatiya Sangsad on June 13, 2019. The proposed budget, amounting to Tk 5,231.90 billion, is the largest-ever in the history of Bangladesh. This budget will be more challenging to implement as the deficit is about 22.78 per cent or Tk 1,453.80 billion. The proposed budget has set a target to collect Tk 680.16 billion from external sources. This is also the largest-ever target set by Bangladesh in getting foreign loans. If the government can manage this, then private sector borrowing from external sources may gain momentum. Secondly, it has been proposed that the government will take a loan of Tk 473.64 billion from the local banking system. This is likely to create pressure on the banking system. As a result, banks may fail to achieve target of providing loans to private enterprises. Thus shortage of loan products may hamper private sector growth, which in turn can affect investment growth. A revenue target of Tk 3,778.10 billion has been set in the proposed budget. This is very ambitious target and will create extra pressure on the National Board of Revenue (NBR). Such extraordinary tax pressure may lead to disputes between taxpayers and collectors. It's worth mentioning that the target of revenue collection in the current budget was originally Tk 3,392.80 billion. But due to inability of collecting this sum, the target was revised to Tk 3,166.12 billion later. The same fate may be waiting for this year's revenue target as well. The government should be cautious so that the revenue collection target does not create an undesirable situation where taxpayers are harassed by tax collectors.

The purpose of this study was to find out the management of Islamic boarding schools in improving student entrepreneurship education at Darul Kamal Islamic Boarding School, Kembang Kerang, East Lombok. The research method used is a qualitative research method. The research data is described or described in the form of a description according to the actual situation. Data collection techniques were carried out by making interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis was carried out logically and systematically starting from data reduction, displaying data and providing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the management of Islamic boarding schools in improving student entrepreneurship education at Ponpes Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang Lombok Timur begins with planning, organizing, actuating and controlling to identify and align activities or programs in accordance with the agreed plans and goals to be achieved. together. Activities carried out to improve student entrepreneurship education at Ponpes Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang Lombok Timur are carried out by internalizing it through various aspects such as integrated entrepreneurship education in all subjects, integrated entrepreneurship education in extra-curricular activities, integration of entrepreneurship education into materials/books teaching, integrating entrepreneurship education through school culture and integrating entrepreneurship education through local content. In addition, sewing skills, skills in making woven fabrics (slicing woven fabrics), tile making skills, kopsis (student cooperatives), calligraphy making, ingke or plate making crafts, flower pot making crafts from used plastic and internships for students.

History learning is often seen as imaginative and unreal learning for students. Interactive media is needed by educators in cultivating students’ awareness for society through an understanding of historical and cultural values. In the village of Kamal Arjasa, there are many megalithic remains that can be used as a source of learning. The development of a digital catalog based on an android application about Megalithic Sites in Kamal Village, can be an alternative in efforts under preserve historical heritage. This study uses the research and development method with Sutopo’s multimedia product development model. The findings of the study show that, it was identified 43 historical relics had been well cared for and moved at the Duplang Site while 24 historical relics had not been moved (in situ). This data is used for developing digital catalog products. Product trials by experts and early stage trials showed 86% results and student response results showed an applied rate of 92%. Accordingly, the digital catalog of Megalithic sites in Kamal Village is valid or suitable and can be used for learning social studies at SMP/MTs. especially material about Indonesia’s pre-literal period and its influence on the life of the immediate environment.

The development of Industrial Revolution 4.0 is very rapidly evolving, characterized by all areas connected through internet systems or cyber systems. The development of information technology leads to learning innovations, one of which is mobile learning. The COVID-19 virus is currently hitting the world. The closure of educational institutions due to the COVID-19 outbreak caused teachers to be instructed to teach through online learning platforms. Mobile learning is a learning model that uses mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, etc. Students’ lack of student interest can be improved by applying comparative methods and often used by students. The Jember region has many ancient relics, one of the antiquities in Jember is Kamal Site. Kamal Site has the potential for historical learning following KD 3.4. The method used is comparative research with a quantitative approach. The study sample was 36 students of SMAN Arjasa. Data collecting used questionnaires via a google form. Questionnaires were measured using a Likert scale. Researchers used a sample paired t-test. The results showed that the post-test value was higher than the pre-test value. Thus there is an increase in Student Interest after implementing mobile learning using WhatsApp. Before implementing mobile learning using WhatsApp the score of students was 30,31 and increased to 36,97. There is a different significance in the test results effect size of 0.66 with the medium category.

There are numerous integral transforms which are being extensively usedto solve many of the real life, science and engineering problems. In this paper, two integral transforms namely Kamal transform and very famous Laplace transform are studied comparatively. Application of these transforms to solve linear difference equations is demonstrated. Study shows that these integral transforms are in close connection to each other.

Ujung - Kamal Ports is a ferry port that connects the island of East Java with Madura Island. These ports have a distance of about 2.5 nautical miles with shipping times of approximately 30-45 minutes. Since the operation of the Suramadu Bridge in 2009, the flow of passenger and vehicle visits at the Ujung-Kamal ports has decreased. this causes shipping operators for the Ujung-Kamal ferry port to reduce fleet size and operating time. Not only that, the number of fleets operated is uncertain, this has resulted in an inconsistent schedule for ship departures. besides that, it also resulted in many passengers having to wait or be late with ship departures. This study aims to plan the optimal Ujung-Kamal ferry operation. The method used in this research is the optimization method with scedulling problem. After optimizing the number of operating vessels, 2 ships were selected. The vessels are KMP Jokotole and KMP Tongkol. the ship sailing schedule in one day is 10 and 8 trips. The minimum cost for KMP Jokotole is IDR 6.357.855 per day and for KMP Tongkol is IDR 5.615.357 per day and the total cost per day is IDR 11,973,213.

The Iraqi Kurdish historian Kamal Mazhar Ahmad (1937-2021) was probably one of the best known and most productive historians. He belonged to the first generation of Iraqis to pursue postgraduate studies in the Soviet Union, and when he was allowed to return to Iraq in 1970, he played a crucial role in the institutionalization of academic institutions and disciplines there and acted as an intermediary between Iraqi Kurdish and Soviet academic circles. As a lecturer and later professor at Baghdad University, he trained thousands of (Arab and Kurdish) students. Abstract in Kurmanji Bi bîranîna Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), duayenê dîroknasên kurd Dîroknasê Kurd ê Iraqê Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), bê guman dîroknasê Kurdan ê herî berhemdar û bi bandor bû. Ew ji neslê ewil ê Iraqiyan bû ku li Yekîtiya Sovyetê di asta lîsansa bilind de xwendiye û, dema ku li sala 1970î destûra vegera li Iraqê wergirt, wî li wir roleke mezin di sazûmaniya babet û saziyên akademîk de leyist, û her weha navbênkariya derdorên akademîk ên Kurdî-Iraqî û Sovyetî kiriye. Wek dersdar û, bi pey re, profesor li Zanîngeha Bexdayê, wî bi hezaran xwendekar (hem Ereb hem Kurd) jî perwerde kirine. Abstract in Sorani Yadkirdnewey Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), diyartirîn mêjûnûse Kurdekan Mêjûnûsî benawbengî kurd Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021) yekêk bû le diyartirîn û karîgertirîn mêjûnûsekanî kurd. Yekêk bû le yekemîn newey ‘Êraqî ke xwêndinî ballay le Yekêtî Sovyet be dest hênawe. Ü katêk rêgay pêdra bgerrêtewe bo ‘Êraq le sallî 1970 da, rollêkî karîgerî bînî le be damezrawekirdnî nawende ekadîmyekan û beşe zanistyekan lew wllate da. Û herweha bû be nawendkarêk le nêwan ekadîmanî kurdî ‘Êraq û Yekêtî Sovyet da. Wekû mamostayekî zanko û paşan wek profîsorêk le Zankoy Bexdad, hezaran xwêndkarî kurd û ‘erebî perwerde û fêrkirdwe. Abstract in Zazaki Seba yadkerdişê Kemal Mezhar Ahmadî (1937-2021), duayenê tarîxnasanê kurdan Beno ke tarîxnasê kurdanê Îraqî Kemal Mezhar Ahmad (1937-2021) tarîxnasê kurdan o tewr berhemdar û tesîrdar bî. O neslê îraqijan ê verênî ra bî ke Yewîya Sovyetan de perwerdeyê lîsansê berzî wendbî. Wexto ke serra 1970î de destûr dîya ci ke agêro Îraq, uca dezgesazîya beş û enstîtuyanê akademîkan de rolêko elzem ard ca û mîyanê akademîsyananê kurdanê Îraqî û Sovyetan de mabênkarîye kerde. Sey dersdayox û dima zî sey profesorê Unîversîteya Bexdadî, ey bi hezaran wendekarî (ereb û kurdî) perwerde kerdî.

Prince Kamal Eldin Hussein was the son of Sultan Hussein Kamel. He was the heir presumptive, but he refused to rule in a unique case in the history of modern Egypt. There were many opinions concerning this matter, and it was kept secret in Egyptian history. This article discusses the role of the Prince in Egyptian life, and how he was close to the Egyptians. He was fond of exploring the desert, and made many important excavations there, so he deserves the Egyptian Tourism Ministry’s interest in his excavations since it celebrates the anniversary of the exploration of the Gilf Kebir area by arranging a journey every year to his plaque there. In the Hollywood film "The English Patient", the main character was transporting Prince Kamal Eldin's plaque to the Gilf Kebir Plateau in 1933. Since the release of this film the area has witnessed increased interest from tourists, scientists and historians.

Cross-cultural interactions between Egypt and Italy have had a significant impact on Egyptian modern art. By the end of the nineteenth century many Italian painters had established their studios in Cairo and Alexandria and worked as professors in art schools. They were committed to the institutionalization of the artistic practice, in particular, in the conception of the School of Fine Arts in Cairo established by Prince Youssef Kamal in 1908. Additionally, a number of young Egyptians belonging to the generation of the so-called “pioneers” received grants to study art in Italy, in particular in Rome and Florence. These ties were strengthened by the political climate and the diplomatic relationships between the Egyptian monarchy and the Italian government. This article proposes to examine the impact on visual culture created by the mobility of artists and circulation of images between Egypt and Italy. In this context, it aims to shed light on transnational exchanges and networks generated by spaces of cultural encounters or “contact zones” during the first quarter of the twentieth century.

INTRODUCTION:The personnel involved in managing hajj must have tried their best to provide a smooth, safe, and effective way in managing all aspects of hajj pilgrims. One of the most critical aspects that necessitate a serious attention is the crowd management of the hajj pilgrims. 'Crowd' here refers to gathering of a huge number of human beings that creates a compact and crowded situation, and may entail with all sorts of risks and threats (Lofland, 1985:3; Musse and Thalman, 1997:39; Brown and Lewis, 1998:649; and Sharma, 2000:298). Being a limited space, that holds hundreds of millions of pilgrims at the specific time especially in Arafah, Mina and Mekah, the pilgrims and their movements inevitably have to be carefully, skillfully, and effectively managed. Otherwise, disasters such as human stampede and health problems originating from the crowd are inevitable1. In other events like sports, politics, and entertainment, even fights could also occur.Due to the above mentioned reasons, one may not reject the importance of crowd management in any case (Imran Khan, 2013), hence the emergence of various forms of crowd management is the need of the hour. Fruin, (1993), for example, proposed that all organizers, or any organization that is involved in crowd management to use FIST which contains four elements. Firstly, be alert at all time of the threats and risks of the crowd; secondly, having knowledge in crowd types that intend to be managed; thirdly, continuous monitoring; and fourthly, give a serious attention on time. Soo Chin Pin, Fazilah Haron, Siamak Sarmady, Abdullah Zawawi Talib and Ahamad Tajudin Khader (2010) suggest TRIZ Theory (in Russian, Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch), which includes compartmentalization principles, nesting principles, pre-action principles, dimensional movement principles, and feedback principles. There are various studies conducted such as by Mohammad Yamin, M. Mohammadian, X. Huang, and Sharma (2008), Mohammad Yamin (2009), Mohamed Mohandes (2010), Alnizari (2011), Al-Hashedi A. H., Muhammad Rafie Mohd Arshad, Hasimah Hj Mohamed, and Ahmad Suhaimi Baharudin (2013), Nabeel Koshak and Akram Nour (2013), and Mohammad Rahami Roslan, Noor Asmawati Samsuri, Mohd Kamal A Rahim, Mohd Afiq Abdul Majid and Mohd Hazmi Mokhtar (2013) which suggest the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - a technology that is able to automatically identify and detect human beings, objects, businesses, and incidents using radio frequency (Finkenzeller, 2003; Hodges and McFarlane, 2005; Landt, 2005; and Hossain and Prybutok, 2008).However, the hajj crowd management should not be similar to the crowd management adopted in sports, political, and entertainment events. Unlike the crowd at sports, political, and entertainment events, the hajj pilgrims are all Muslims. The ultimate aim of all activities of each Muslim is for the sake of Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala (SWT) to accomplish the pleasure of Allah SWT (mardhatillah), through implementations that are not in contrary to shari' ah (Yusuf al-Qaradawi, 1996). Since hajj is an Islamic religious activity, like any other Islamic activities, the hajj crowd management, logically, should be based on a concept that emerges from within Islamic epistemological and philosophical underpinnings, namely the Islamic crowd management itself (Muhammad Syukri Salleh, 2003). But what is meant by Islamic crowd management? How does the hajj crowd being managed now? How far does the current hajj crowd management system is in compliance to the Islamic crowd management?This paper attempts to seek for answers to these three questions. In doing so, the paper is divided into three main sections. Firstly, the concept of Islamic crowd management; secondly, the current practice of crowd management; and thirdly, the contemporary hajj crowd management system vis-a-vis the Islamic crowd management.THE CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC CROWD MANAGEMENT:The concept of Islamic crowd management has yet to exist indeed. …

Subject area The case is designed for students with prior knowledge of principles of management, particularly leadership theories. The case would also benefit bachelor students who already took an introductory course to leadership such as organizational behavior or graduate students who are familiar with the leadership and/or entrepreneurship literature. This case study may be used in the following academic courses: theories of leadership, leadership and leaders, organizational leaders’ roles, management skills, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial management. Study level/applicability This case study may be used in the following academic programs: Bachelor’s in Business Administration Master of Science in Business Administration MBA Programs. Case overview Kamal Reggad is a Moroccan entrepreneur who created the company Menaclick, an online business that aims to sell and promote various products and services nationally and internationally at discounted prices. Goods and services are posted on Menaclick’s website www.hmizate.ma, which means “good deals” in Moroccan Arabic. The Hmizate platform operates a daily-deals and group-buying website offering discounted deals to Moroccan customers. The deals are mainly on goods and services such as traveling, food, esthetics, shopping, high-tech gadgets and recreational events (Eco, 2013). Menaclick is based in Casablanca, Morocco, and its website www.hmizate.ma is one of the most popular websites in the country with over 40,000 visitors per day. In the past few years, Kamal has been significantly contributing to building the groundwork of the e-commerce industry in Morocco, a course that has been changing the way Moroccan customers shop for goods and services. In fact, it is because of the merits of group-buying sites such as Hmizate that over 16 million Moroccan internet users navigate the net daily to buy products and services online with ease and facility (Maroc Numeric Cluster, 2014). Kamal Reggad is a fitting example of an innate leader who introduced a new leadership style to Morocco. Kamal took a colossal risk by targeting a new and unexplored market in Morocco which is the e-commerce business; his risks have paid off. As the case explains, Kamal’s success is because of his passion, perseverance and positive attitude. Expected learning outcomes In general, the objective of the case study is to further enhance the understanding of leadership in general and entrepreneurial spirit in particular. The case study will assist students in developing their leadership-related skills through the discussion of a real-life situation and experience and propose an example of the importance of participative leadership during the launching phase of a business venture. The case is designed to provoke and stimulate students’ personal reflections about a particular management style, especially in entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

This article explores animal tales in two modern Libyan novels: Sarīb (2001; A Long Story) by Aḥmad al-Faytūrī and La compagnie des Tripolitaines (2011; Under the Tripoli Sky) by Kamal Ben Hameda. The article argues that the tales, interwoven with other layers of history in the narratives that frame them, represent ways of recuperating collective memory from experiences of vulnerability within war, deprivation and oppression, while also testifying, more broadly, to the violence that underlies nation, empire and civilization. Examining the context of 1960s’ Libya, in which the tales are told, as well as their female tellers and young recipients, it relates them to notions of creaturely memory and deep history, which serve to destabilize accepted narratives of nation, and uncomplicated notions of human progress and ascendency.

Kamal Firdaus, December 2012. The Aplication Learning in General School. The problem of this paper is about the facilities, utilities, teacher’s quality and quantity, participation and extra work as well as the future is pledge of application of physical and healt education learning in general school. The aims of this paper are physical domain, psychomotor, cognittif and affectif. The conslusions of this paper are : Training program developing sports is a part of an effort in increasing physical and spintual of human a quality. The aim of physical education is oriented to the curriculum. The aplication of physical education in school is an effort of athlete’s talentskoting. Suggestions of this paper are: To keep balance between learning in one side and an effort of sport achievement increasing in another side. The quantity and the quality of teachers is the main support to the process of teaching and learning. There is the need inereasl the school facilities in quantity a well as the quality

Supervised by Dr. Abu Raihan Mostofa Kamal, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology

The following article deals with the lexical and semantic features of Uzbek-Tajik words on the example of the analysis of the Uzbek language by Jamal Kamal. The work of Jamal Kamal and his role in Uzbek literature are presented as well.

This article was carried out to identify and to analyse the concept of Kamalullah in the collection of poems by Suhaimi Haji Muhammad that utilises the concept of Kamal within the theory of Takmilah. The study focused on the collection of poems entitled Taman Takwa that involved 79 titles related to divinity. The study was qualitatively analysed by implementing subjective statistical evidences. The secondary data were collected based on library research. The result of the study shows that the aspect of Kamalullah whether in the form of ma'ani (attributes that Allah has to show His perfection) or maknawi (attributes that Allah possesses) was successfully conceptualized by the poet. With reference to the 504 words and the adage of Kamalullah, were classified within the attribute of Qudrah, Iradah, Qaunuhu Sami'an, Sama’ and Mukhalafatuhu lil Hawadith. From the data, the poet wanted to emphasize on the ma'ani approach as compared to the maknawi approach through his poetry in delivering the atrributes of Kamalullah to the readers. This article concluded that muslim poets are responsible to preach to the society in understanding the concept and the discourse of Kamalullah by utilising their talent, creativity and also wisdom in the poetry creation.

This research is based on the condition in which printed books and modules were not enabling enough for the students to study the Introduction to Networking materials. The results were the students’ lack of learning motivation and low learning outcomes. One alternative to improve the motivation and interest in learning is using Unity 3D for learning resources. For this research, ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was used as the development model. The new materials were tested to XI grade TKJ students of SMKN 1 Kamal. Results obtained from survey on small group trials were 93% and for large group trials were 90%. After they were converted to the table of achievement level and qualification, the results acquired very high qualification of 90% -100% with highly feasible description.

Bryant University recently opened a spectacularly visually appealing, new building, the Academic Innovation Center (AIC). It was designed to promote innovative problem solving classroom experiences for business and liberal arts students alike with a spacious and wide open feeling. Bryant is among a group of other universities who are turning to radically different building design. Kamal (et.al.) in a lengthy white paper captures the essence of why universities are turning towards such novel architecture [1]. Students and faculty alike are enjoying the pleasure of working in such an aesthetically pleasing place. The intentions of this paper were to capture the emotions and perceptions of students regarding their impressions of the new building as it just opened, and capture perceptions on whether the new design really did effect a feeling of engagement and collaboration. Upon the opening semester, we surveyed the students that fall with a pre and post survey (September and December) regarding perceptions of engagement, collaboration, and enjoyment. We hoped that the administered survey would illustrate that the new space did indeed foster a feeling of academic success and bolster a new excitement for learning with the students. Varied statistical techniques were used to capture diverse results.

If one thing that the failed coup by a small but some of the top hierarchy of Turkish armed forces on that fateful July 15, 2016 day made clear, it was: the ordinary civilians, unarmed as they were poured into the streets to defend the government whatever way they can. This massive public sympathy and support for Turkish resident Erdogan and his government would be hard, if not impossible to understand, without knowing the historical intellectual, academic, and moral combat between the modernists and Islamist groups working within the country. Mustafa Kamal had turned Turkey, mostly by force, from Ottoman Empire into the secular mode using military power. Various Islamic revolutionary outfits struggled for the revival of Ottoman Empire. Among them Bedi-uz-Zaman Said Nursi managed to cast a strong influence. A little slow but steadfast effort influenced by Nursi movement. Islam-shy Western powers managed alternate power structure against sitting President Tayyep Erdogan. They, however, failed due to result oriented social work delivered by his regime as Mayor and Prime Minister. It is a lesson for other revolutionaries and Governments especially for Islamic revolutionaries that if politicians deliver no power can oust them like a bee from butter.

This chapter investigates and analyses al-Hakkamat women, as individuals, and as a traditional institution of authority within Darfuri Arab society, specifically the Baggara agro-pastoralists. It argues that the attendant uncertainties surrounding the pastoralists’ livelihood patterns have dictated the creation and development of al-Hakkamat using well-established procedures that usually start at a quite young age for females who aspire to be Hakkamat. The dynamism of circumstances within the tribal boundaries have enabled and reinforced al-Hakkamat's agency and power as the successor to a rich history of women and gender power relations in Darfur. This chapter clarifies and discusses the trajectory of the emergence and development of al-Hakkamat. AL-HAKKAMAT: MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE Many Darfuris think that the term al-Hakkamah (pl. al-Hakkamat : al is the definite article in Arabic) is the feminine form derived from the Arabic meanings of the word ‘hukm’, a semantic field that ranges from ‘judgement’, ‘ruling’, ‘governing’ or ‘condemnation’, to hākim or hakkam , meaning a male arbiter. This is reminiscent of the common vernacular term that the Darfuris often use to describe themselves as hukkām (sing. hākim ), meaning ‘people with a sense of ruling canon and etiquette’ (Kamal El-Din, 2007, p. 93). The senses of these male-oriented descriptions are feminised in a single word: ‘Hakkamah’, denoting a female who possesses a raft of special qualities: a poet, a performer and a singer. Her verse focuses on the words of wisdom, and she can exercise judgements and arbitration. These are the qualities that the respective society distinguishes as the basis for individual female's excellence. Baggara society thus generally agrees that ‘Hakkamah means hukum – ruling; if she orders you to offer help, you should obey, otherwise, she would dub you a coward’. ‘She is a person of wisdom and has the ability to judge others’, and she is ‘one of the women in the village or the camp who have a specific form of authority of arbitration. It is her power to exercise authority that qualifies her to be Hakkamah.’ However a retired Baggari teacher who is well versed in Baggara culture argues that the term Hakkamah is definitely not the feminine form in the Arabic language; rather, it is the neutral form of exaggeration (having more of a something) derived from hukm , just like the Arabic words allāmah , meaning a knowledgeable person, from ilm (knowledge), and fahh ā mah (a very perceptive person) from the word fahm (comprehension/ understanding).

In this Opinion Note, Mohd Hisham Mohd Kamal examines neutral humanitarian action during armed conflicts from an Islamic perspective. By analyzing the Qur'an and theSunnah, he finds that it is permissible to recognize a neutral third party. Moreover, Mohd Hisham Mohd Kamal considerssiyasah al-Shar'iyyahandmaqasid al-Shari'ahand finds that neutrality leads to the protection of lives and dignity and is thus compatible with the two concepts. He concludes that neutrality is permissible from the Islamic perspective.

Most of the accounts, whether in Arabic or English, which deal with the first 18 days (25 January – 11 February) of the 2011 Egyptian revolution highlight the unity of the Tahrir days. This paper investigates the homogenous Tahrir experience from the perspective of three Egyptian women writers who lived this experience. I analyse the intersection between the personal and the political in three texts: Ahdaf Soueif’s memoir Cairo: My City, Our Revolution, Mona Prince’s testimony Ismi Thawra (My Name is Revolution) and Donia Kamal’s novel Sigarah Sab‘a (A Seventh Cigarette). All three texts were published in 2012. The paper engages two specific feminist concepts: Judith Butler’s performativity and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s strategic essentialism. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part briefly outlines the theoretical framework. The second part situates the revolution and the writers in the context of Egyptian women’s earlier struggle for the nation, whilst exploring Nira Yuval-Davis and Ell...

This paper provides an account of Professor Radha Kamal Mukerjee, highlighting his significant contributions to research in the area of labour and employment. It focuses on Professor Mukerjee’s inter-disciplinary approach to research and traces the eventful years of his scholarly journey. His seminal work, The Indian Working Class, was first published in 1945 and was mostly based on extensive fieldwork by the author in different parts of India over two decades. The present paper discusses Professor R.K. Mukerjee’s ideas, approaches and agenda on some important aspects of labour as contained in his book and attempts an assessment of the progress vis-a-vis the same over the last 70 years. It concludes that the relevance of his ideas, approaches and agenda remain undiminished even after a long span of 70 years.

Disability, Education and Employment in Developing Countries: From Charity to Investment is a seminal work by Kamal Lamichhane. It addresses data paucity in developing countries, where the majority...

Kamal village in West Jakarta is a lagging and slum area with the majority of its citizens less economically viable. We try to provide an alternative to the community especially for home and environmental lighting sources by introducing electric energy using sunlight. The use of solar electricity is expected by local residents, this is because people are no longer burdened by electricity bills every month. Currently there are still some houses in Kampung Kamal that have not been powered by electricity, especially in the homes of citizens who are very poor, they connect electricity illegally from neighboring houses or directly from electricity poles for lighting at night. Our project installs two Solar Power Generators for two poorest houses and one for street lighting for the community, aside from constructing communal sanitary facilities.

Research on attitudes toward advertising has been around for a long time. While no longer very prominent in the West, it remains an important topic in developing countries. For example, Dao et al. (2014) discuss advertising’s positive contributions to economic development, including how rapidly growing social media affects Southeast Asia’s transitional economies. Tomse et al. (2015) similarly examine public perceptions of benefits and problems of advertising on social media in transforming Eastern Europe. Drumwright and Kamal (2016) examine advertising’s cultural impact in the Middle East-North Africa. As they become more integrated into the global economy, many parts of the world are still struggling with issues the West learned to live with some time ago.

Written by Kamal Shukri Abdullah Sani, some things that people in Malaysia need to know, especially the Malays, about the Malay language are; First of all, this language is one of the advanced languages in the world, as well as in other languages such as English and other European languages, Arabic and others, dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Since that century the language has become the language of knowledge, language of literature or high literary language, government language, trade language and diplomacy language, not only in Malaya, for example in Malacca and in Johor, but also throughout the region now called the Malaysia-Indonesia-Brunei.

The Age of Discovery was an important historical period that occurred between the end of the fteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. It was marked in an European point of view by discovery and invasion of America, the transition from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean in southern Africa and the rst circumnavigation travel. These transoceanic voyages were only possible thanks to a tremendous e ort to search for the development of sciences, especially, Mathematics. In the present work, we present the main instruments that was commonly used in that astronomical navigation, and a Mathematics involved on them period for. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES A Era das Grandes Navegações foi um importante período histórico que ocorreu entre o m do século XV e o início do XVII e é marcada, para os europeus, pelo descobrimento das Américas, pelo estabelecimento da rota do Atlântico para o Índico pelo sul da África e pelas primeiras viagens de circunavegação do globo terrestre. Essas viagens transoceânicas só se tornaram possíveis graças a um esforço tremendo de busca pelo desenvolvimento das ciências, especialmente, a matemática, No presente trabalho, apresentamos os principais instrumentos que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento da navegação astronômica e a Matemática aliada à criação, constru ção e manuseio desses instrumentos náuticos antigos.

The purpose of this paper is to model variations of Brazil’s exchange rates and global shocks in order to establish if global oil prices and international interest rates (global shocks) have any impact on exchange rate variations in Brazil. After establishing the existence of ARCH effects and ensuring the stationarity of the data set, we estimate the symmetric GARCH (1,1) model along with two asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) and APARCH (1,1) models using the theoretical model of Kamal et al. (2012). The results show that the GARCH (1,1) model provides the best fit for Brazil’s exchange rate variations while the model selection chooses the Student’s t distribution as the preferable model of good fit compared to the alternatives. The study results show that Brazil’s exchange rates are significantly influenced by global shocks. Accordingly, we recommend that the Brazilian government should consider the impact of oil prices and global interest rates when formulating and implementing policies that impact on the exchange rate.