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The solution of nonlinear mathematical models has much importance and in soliton theory their worth has increased. In present article, a research has been made of nonlinear Jimbo Miwa and Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli equations, to discuss behavior of these equations and to attain travelling wave solutions. Exp(-f(?)) -expansion technique is used to construct soliton wave solutions. Wave transformation is applied to convert problem in the form of ordinary differential equation. The drawn-out novel type outcomes pay an essential role in the transportation of energy. It is noticed that under study approach is extremely dependable and it may be prolonged to further mathematical models signified mostly in nonlinear differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear mathematical problems and their solutions attain much attention in solitary waves. In soliton theory an efficient tool to attain various types of soliton solution is the exp-function technique. Under study article is devoted to find soliton wave solutions of fractional fifth order evolution equation via a reliable mathematical technique. By use of proposed technique we attain soliton wave solution of various types. The regulation of proposed algorithm is demonstrated by consequent analytical results and computational work. It is noticed that under discussion technique is user friendly with minimum computational work, also we can extend it for physical problems of different nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The persuasive evidence shows that proper Zinc (Zn) nutrition is important for human health. Hence an attempt was made to evaluate the serum Zn levels in children suffering from high respiratory infection in children aged 2-12years in Pakistan. Study Design: Case-control study. Setting: Jinnah Medical Teaching Hospital Peshawar with the collaboration of National Physical Standard Laboratory PCSIR Islamabad. Period: March 2017 to March 2019. Material & Methods: 60 children who were suffering from upper respiratory tract infection and were admitted in the Paediatric ward of Jinnah medical teaching hospital Peshawar. 60 normal controls of the same genders with an age range 2-12 years were selected for this study. Serum zinc levels were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The serum zinc level was found to be low in 80% patients. Mean ±SD of serum zinc were 58.9 ±2.70µg/dl in diseased group and 100 ±2.22µg/dl in controls respectively. In patients serum zinc level was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: We may conclude that Zinc deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of upper tract respiratory infection since most diseased children have low serum Zn level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear mathematical problems and their solutions attain much attentions. In soliton theory an efficient tool to attain various types of soliton solutions is the Exp-function technique. Under study article is devoted to find soliton wave solutions of YTSF equation and Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation (CBS) of fractional-orders via a reliable mathematical technique. By use of proposed technique we attains soliton wave solution of various types. The regulation of proposed algorithm is demonstrated by consequent numerical results and computational work. It is concluded that under discussion technique is user friendly with minimum computational work, also we can extend for physical problems of different nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children and adolescents comprise a significant proportion of people living with HIV. The effects of HIV on the growing brain have generated interest among researchers in this field. Deficits arising during this crucial phase of neuromaturation due to HIV infection need to be assessed and addressed. Neurological soft signs (NSSs) can act as a proxy marker for underlying neuropsychological deficits. The present study aims to study the NSSs in pediatric patients with HIV and compare with healthy controls (HCs). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight children aged between 6 and 16 years diagnosed with HIV were selected by purposive sampling, and the Physical and Neurological Examination of Soft Signs (PANESS) scale was applied. Fifty children matched by age and sex were recruited from a nearby school, and the PANESS scale was applied. Children were divided into age- and gender-specific groups. The outcome scores of cases and controls groups were compared. Results: Males and females aged 13–16 years with HIV showed more soft signs as compared to HCs, with respect to gait errors, dysrhythmia, impersistence, speed of repetitive and sequenced movements, overflow with gaits, overflow with sequenced movements, total overflow, and overflow in excess of age. The differences in scores were less marked in younger age groups among both the genders. Conclusions: The persistence of NSSs in older age group in HIV-infected children may point toward the presence of HIV-associated neurological disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study was targeted to observe the impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on activities of daily living (ADL) and community reintegration of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Settings and Participants: Based on purposive sampling technique, ten patients with TBI falling in the age range of 20–40 years and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen from All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, India. Design: A quasi-experimental design, i.e., nonequivalent control group design was chosen for the study. Materials and Methods: Patients were assessed on Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Adults, Cognitive Symptoms Checklist, and Community Integration Questionnaire. Patients in experimental group were given neuropsychological rehabilitation for 6 months. Brainwave-R and Talking Pen were used as rehabilitative tools. Results: Patients with TBI have significant neuropsychological deficits observed in memory, visuo-spatial organization, arithmetic, spelling, writing, fine motor coordination, and executive functioning. Neuropsychological deficits have a major impact on ADL and community reintegration. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is effective in rehabilitating neuropsychological deficits, which in turn leads to improvement in ADL and community reintegration. Conclusion: Neuropsychological rehabilitation should be one of the major goals in rehabilitation procedures for patients with TBI in order to bring overall improvement in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have a wide range of neuropsychological deficits including attention, memory, and executive functioning. The study was targeted to use a neuropsychological approach in remediating attention and fine motor training or the incoordination of children with ADHD- Inattentive type (IA). Material/Methods: A total of 20 primary school children fulfilling the criteria of ADHD- IA type were selected from different schools in Mysuru, India. Neuropsychological deficits were assessed using appropriate tools. Children in the experimental group were given attention and fine motor training for 3 months. A post test was conducted after 3 months training. The maintenance effect of therapy was studied until the completion of 1 year. Results: Results revealed that attention fine motor training was effective in improving focused and selective attention, working memory, new learning ability, visual fluency and fine motor training incoordination. Conclusions: It can be concluded that a neuropsychological rehabilitation is effective in remediating the deficits faced by children with ADHD-IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows a review of earnings-expenses relationship of Indian Railways. The paper is focused on total earnings including freight, passengers and other earnings. The ordinary working expenses, depreciation-reserve-funds and appropriation-to-pension-funds are included in gross working expenses. The study covers the period of twelve years (from year 2000-01 to year 2011-12) and discusses ups and downs within this era. Further, the study applies operating ratio and net profit ratio to show the financial performance of Indian Railways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projective analytic theory is based on the assumption that deep and often unconscious feelings and motives may be accessed through various means of self expression. The drawing of human figure was seen by Machover as an ideal vehicle for self expression. Various studies reveal the indicators suggestive of various clinical groups, but there is scarcity of studies revealing the profile of normal Indian people. The present study was conducted to prepare a profile of normal Indian people on Human Figure Drawing Test. After screening through GHQ-5, 250 normal participants in the age group of 20 to 40 years with minimum education of 10 years were selected from selected districts of three states of India. Participants were instructed to draw a male and a female human figure on a blank piece of paper. The figures were analyzed on the basis of specific features such as line quality, placement of figure, position of hands and legs, quality of hairs, pattern of clothes etc. The results reveal that most of the drawings were placed on the top. It had heavy or reinforced line. Figures were sophisticated. Hairs were appropriately groomed with clear indication of waist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projective analytic theory is based on the assumption that deep and often unconscious feelings and motives may be assessed through various means of self expression (Machover, 1949). The drawing of a human figure was seen as an ideal vehicle for self expression. The present study was designed to use it as means of self expression and compare the pattern of responses of male and female schizophrenic patient. The sample comprised of 50 males and 50 females schizophrenic patients and 50 normal subjects. The mean, SD and t-test was computed to compare cognitive level between normal and schizophrenics: and male and female schizophrenic patients. The result revealed that schizophrenic group had significant level of cognitive impairment in comparison to normal control but there was no significant difference in level of cognitive impairment between male and female patients. The chi-square was also computed to compare the drawing patterns of male and female schizophrenic patients and the results indicated significant difference in their personality patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Based on self-determination theory (SDT), the present study aims to assess the effect of managerial (manager trust and support), work (job autonomy) and individual (intrinsic motivation) characteristics on job performance of telecommuters in a pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak period and is further studied longitudinally after six months of continued mandatory telecommuting. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from information technology (IT) sector employees in three phases and model fitness, reliability and validity of the data for all three phases were assessed through CFA models, while the hypotheses were tested through path analysis. Findings: Perceived manager trust and support increases job performance and the effect strengthens with an increase in telecommuting extent. Job autonomy had similar effects with the exception that employees did not enjoy autonomy when mandatory telecommuting arrangement was initially introduced. Lastly, intrinsic motivation fades away as employees continue to work permanently from their homes. Practical implications: Permanent full-time telecommuting is expected to continue for the unforeseeable future; the present study suggests that while ensuring increased trust, support and job autonomy to employees, managers must also ensure that employees do not feel professionally isolated and attempt to keep individuals intrinsically motivated. Originality/value: The authors assess the effect of managerial (manager trust and support), work (job autonomy) and individual (intrinsic motivation) characteristics on job performance under three different types of telecommuting arrangements (voluntary part-time, mandatory full-time and continued mandatory full-time) by collecting data in three different time frames from the same individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Isolated small gut mesentery injury after blunt abdominal trauma from the steering wheel in road traffic accidents is rare. These are always challenging to diagnose and pose a diagnostic dilemma. Objectives: To study the pattern of small gut mesenteric injury by steering wheel blunt abdominal trauma in road traffic accidents in patients who had laparotomy. Patients and Methods: A 10-year retrospective study was done to study isolated small gut mesentery injury. Results: All patients who had isolated mesenteric small gut injury were males. Jejunal mesentery was involved in 13 whereas 4 had ileal mesentery injury. Tear were longitudinal or transverse. Conclusions: Isolated small mesentery injury after blunt abdominal trauma from the steering wheel in road traffic accidents is rare. Tears are either longitudinal or transverse. Suture repair is to be done. Delay in reaching hospital or reaching the diagnosis could lead to morbidity and mortality. Isolated mesenteric injury should be considered in any patient with blunt abdominal trauma from steering wheel injury with no evidence of any solid organ injury in unstable patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptomyces scabies is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes common scab disease to several crops, particularly in the potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, a very devastating scab pathogen and difficult to manage in the field. Streptomyces has several species that cause common scab such as S. scabiei, S. acidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. turgidiscabies, S. ipomoeae. Common scab disease harmfully affects potato economic and market value due to the presence of black spots on the tuber. Owing to its genetic diversity and pathogenicity, the determination of pathogen presence in potato fields is still challenging. In this study, S. scabies genetic diversity was measured by surveying five potato-growing areas of Pakistan during the growing season 2019. A total of 50 Streptomyces isolates, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. griseoflavus were isolated and identified based on morphologic, biochemical and molecular analysis. Virulent confirmation assays confirmed ten virulent strains of Streptomyces spp. On the potato cultivars Cardinal and Santee. Among the Streptomyces species, S. scabies showed the highest scab index, followed by S. acidiscabies and S. griseoflavus by exhibiting the scab-like lesions on potato tubers. Ten potato cultivars were screened against these virulent isolates of Streptomyces. The Faisalabad white variety showed the highest scab index followed By Cardinal, Tourag, Kuroda, Santee, Lady Rosetta, Asterix, Diamant, Faisalabad red and Sadaf. Moreover, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Streptomyces spp. on potato tubers were also likely diverse in different geographical regions and also potato cultivars. This study represents a contribution to understanding the local interaction between potatoes and Streptomyces spp. in Pakistan. It will aid in supporting a solution for the management of this pathogen around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]