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“İş kazası” kavramı; işyerinde işçinin karşı karşıya kaldığı istenmeyen, beklenmeyen, ihmalkârlık, kusur, dikkatsizlik, kasıt ve şanssızlıksonucu meydana gelen olayları kapsamaktadır. İş kazaları açısından Türkiye, dünyada üçüncü ve Avrupa’da ise birinci sırada yeralmaktadır. Bu kazalarının dört temel nedeni vardır ve “4M” kuralı olarak bilinir. Bunlar; insan, makine, ortam/çevre ve yönetim olaraksıralanmaktadır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği literatüründe yaygın olarak bu kazaların %88’i tehlikeli hareket, %10’u tehlikeli durum ve %2’siise sebebi kaçınılmaz ve bilinmeyen nedenler olarak belirtilmektedir. Ancak iş kazalarının %50’sinin kolaylıkla ve %48’inin ise sistemliçalışmak suretiyle yani genel olarak iş kazaların %98’inin; gerekli tedbirler alındığı takdirde meslek hastalıklarının da %100önlenebileceği gerçeğinden hareketle her yıl iş kazalarının artıyor olması “iş güvenliği, iş kazası, tehlike, risk, tedbir, kader/cilik, teolojikaçıdan kaza, ihmal, kaçınılmazlık, kötü talih, mesleğin/işin fıtratı ve iş cinayeti” gibi kavramların tanım ve içeriklerinin yeniden gözdengeçirilip, değerlendirilmesinin elzem olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu noktada, çalışanların sahip olduğu “sorumluluk, kader, kadercilik,alınyazısı, kaza ve tevekkül” anlayışları/inançları belirleyici olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada daha önce “iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kültürü”ile “iş kazaları ve kader” temalı yapılmış olan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca iş kazalarının azaltılmasına yönelik yanlış algıla(nıl)an,inanılan ve/ya bilin(il)en geleneksel ve teolojik yaklaşımların olması gereken bilimsel zemine oturtulmasına çalışılmıştır. Bu sayede çalışanların inançlarını da dikkate alarak iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kültürü oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunulmuştur. Definition of occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death. Turkey, in terms of occupational accidents, is in the third place in the world and ranks first in Europe. These accidents have four main reasons, and "4M" is known as the rule. These are man, machine, media and management. In the occupational health and safety literature, 88% are unsafe acts of persons, 10% are unsafe mechanical or physical conditions, and 2% are unpreventable (i.e. acts of God). However, 50% of the occupational accidents can be prevented easily and 48% of them can be prevented by working systematically. Considering that generally 98% of the occupational accidents and 100% of occupational diseases can be prevented if necessary precautions are taken but on the other hand the fact that number of occupational accidents increase year by year makes it necessary to re-evaluate the concepts such as occupational safety, occupational accident, hazard, risk, precautions, fatalistic belief, fatalism, negligence, inevitability, bad fortune, occupational murder. At this point, the “responsibility, fatalistic belief, fatalism, preordain and truckle” perceptions/beliefs that employees have may be determining. In this study, studies on “occupational health and safety culture” and “occupational accidents & fate/fatalism” studies have been examined. In addition, efforts have been made to place the misunderstood, believed and/or known/provincial traditional and theological approaches to the reduction of occupational accidents/murders on the scientific definitions. In this respect, contribution has been provided about building an occupational health and safety culture, taking the beliefs of employees into account.

Acoustic analysis is the most basic method used for speech emotion recognition. Speech records are digitized by signal processing methods, and various acoustic features of speech are obtained by acoustic analysis methods. The relationship between acoustic features and emotion has been investigated in many studies. However, studies have mostly focused on emotion recognition success or the effects of emotions on acoustic features. The effect of spoken language on speech emotion recognition has been investigated in a limited number. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variability of the relationship between acoustic features and emotions according to the spoken language. For this purpose, three emotions (anger, fear and neutral) of three different spoken languages (English, German and Italian) were used. In these data sets, the change in acoustic features according to spoken language was investigated statistically. According to the results obtained, the effect of anger on the acoustic features does not change according to the spoken language. For fear, change in spoken language shows a high similarity in Italian and German, but low similarity in English.

In this study, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on chitosan (Ch) was prepared with addition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), lithium trifluro methane sulfonate (LiTRIF), propylene carbonate (PC) by solvent casting technique. The chitosan-based polymer electrolyte was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity value was calculated as 4.2 x 10-4 S/cm. The SPE having good ionic conductivity was used to fabricate electrochromic device with glass/ITO/WO3׀PEDOT:PSS-Ch-LiTRIF-PC׀ITO/glass whose performance was evaluated via cyclic voltammetry, transmittance, repeating chronoamperometry. The optical contrast of ECD was attained as 22% at 800 nm, which resulting in coloration efficiency of 67 cm2/C. The ECD displays fast response time for coloration (tc ) is 0.29 s. Upon reversal of potential bleaching (tb ) forms within 3 s. The findings demonstrated that this SPE electrolyte has promising candidate for use in optoelectronic applications.

Geliştirilmesi düşünülen su kaynakları havza temelli bütüncül bir yaklaşım ile planlanmalı, projelenmeli ve işletilmelidir. Havza bazlı yaklaşımlar ile su kaynaklarına ilişkin projelerin geliştirilmesi ve etkin şekilde işletilebilmesi için su kaynaklarının istenilen zaman ve doğrulukta ölçülmesi çok önemlidir. Su kaynağı doğru ve istenilen zaman aralıklarında ölçülmediğinde, geliştirilecek yeni projeler için doğru verilerin sağlanması ve işletilen sulama, enerji, içme suyu ve ekoloji projelerine tahsis edilen su miktarlarının hazırlanan entegre havza su planına göre kullanılıp, kullanılmadığının belirlenebilmesi, hazırlanan havza su planlarının uygulama ile ne derece örtüştüğünü hesaplamak mümkün olmayacaktır. Bu sorunu çözmenin tek yolu gelişmiş yöntemlerin kullanılması olup, bu konuya ilişkin taslak çalışma, plan ve önerilerin hazırlanması ve hızla uygulamaya geçirilmesi entegre havza yönetiminin en önemli unsurudur. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde tarım, sanayi ve turizm potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu Büyük menderes havzasında; sulama, enerji, içme ve kullanma, taşkın ve ekoloji amaçlı projelerin entegre işletilmesi için havza su kaynaklarının istenen zaman aralıklarında doğru biçimde ölçülüp, izleneceği ve aynı zamanda denetlenebileceği bir ölçüm ve izleme sisteminin nasıl olması gerektiğine ilişkin bir çalışmanın unsurları araştırılmış, düşünülen bu sistemin entegre havza yönetimi için önemi ve nasıl gerçekleştirileceğine ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur. The water resources considered to be developed should be planned, projected and operated with a holistic approach based on the basin. It is very important to measure the water resources at the desired time and accuracy in order to develop and effectively operate the projects related to water resources. When the water source is not measured accurately and at the desired time intervals, it will not be possible to provide accurate data for the new projects to be developed and to determine whether the amounts of water allocated for irrigation, energy, drinking water and ecology projects are used according to the integrated basin water plan prepared, and to calculate the extent to which the prepared basin water plans overlap with the application. The only way to solve this problem is to use advanced methods. For this reason, the draft works on this issue, plans and proposals and the rapid implementation are the most important elements of integrated watershed management. In this study, the elements of a study on how measurement and monitoring system should be able to accurately measure, monitor and control the basin water resources at the desired time intervals for the integrated operation of irrigation, energy, drinking and potable, flood and ecological projects, are investigated. Recommendations have been made about the importance of this system and how to implement in integrated basin management.

In this work, we review axiomatic systems and prove some of the equivalent axiomatizations of Boolean algebras. Also we prove the independence of three axioms, proposed by Huntington and then by Robbins, which form a minimal set of axioms for Boolean algebras., Bu çalışmada, aksiyomatik sistemler araştırıldı ve Boole cebirlerinin denk aksiyomlaştırmalarının bazıları ispatlandı. Ayrıca, Huntington ve sonrasında Robbins tarafından ileri sürülen, Boole cebirleri için aksiyomların bir minimal kümesini oluşturan üç aksiyomun bağımsızlığını ispatlandı.

Honey is a spectacular food due to its great ingredients and bioactivity. Since antic times, it has been known and used by the people as food and medicine. Herein, the antiradical and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of sunflower honey produced in four regions of Adana city and variouswholesalersthrough Turkey were studied. The antiradical activity was performed using ABTS and DPPH assays, while lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was carried out using theβ-carotene-linoleic acid test. All sunflower honey samples exhibited excellent antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The honey samples scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals in the range of 27-30 and 15-18 µg/mL, IC50values, respectively. The sunflower honey samples from variouswholesalersserved 46-60 and 31-45 µg/mL IC50values, respectively. The sunflower honey inhibited lipid peroxidation dose-dependently. The IC50values were calculated in the range of 5-7 µg/mL. On the other hand, the sunflower honey purchased from variouswholesalersdisplayed 11-14 µg/mL inhibitory activity. The results of antiradical activities supported those results of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The activities of processed sunflower honey samples exhibited less activity than those of produced ones. It was concluded that the filtering process and honey sample's shelf life might affect the lesser antiradical and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Moreover, the possibilities such as storage and processing of honey are among the factors that affect the composition of honey. Consuming or using honey freshly, therefore, advised to be benefited from the medicinal properties of honey.

The uptake of Rodamine B (RhB) dye onto chemically prepared activated carbon from Delonix regia pods (DPAC) and seeds (DSAC) by response surface methodology were investigated. The activated carbons were prepared with 1 M nitric acid and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results obtained revealed that the prepared activated carbons DPAC and DSAC possess mesoporous structure. Optimization of the four operating variables viz; concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on RhB adsorption were examined using Box Behnken design (BBD). A maximum removal efficiency of RhB from aqueous solution was achieved at 99.16% and 98.36% for DSAC and DPAC respectively with initial concentration of 55 mg/L, 0.1 g dosage, pH 12 and 725 min for both adsorbents. Comparing the actual values 99.16% (DSAC) and 98.36% (DPAC) with predicted values 101.7% (DSAC) and 99.40% (DPAC) having good agreement confirms the suitability of the proposed model. The adsorption process fitted best into Freundlich isotherm model when compared with Langmuir and Temkin isotherm. The adsorption process was adequately described by pseudo-second order kinetics model. Intra-particle diffusion appears to control the adsorption process but is not the only rate limiting step.

Polymers lead to become emerging materials as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic media due to its larger surface area. This paper focuses on the characteristic of water solvent Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at interface of Mild Steel under 0.5 M HCl, examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization and weight reduction techniques. These entire outcomes of the study of characteristic of inhibitor behaved as in well connection and the restraint proficiency, which shows up to 93.7% in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid for 3hrs term. An advanced form of high spatial resolution imaging of surface of mild steel at different stages was found by using scanning electron microscopy.

In this study, in the spring of 2019, algaes of Ulva species were collected from eigh station in Giresun costline (Piraziz port, Bulancak port, Giresun port, Keşap station, Espiye-Opet stations, Tirebolu station, Görele station and Eynesil station in May. They are brought to the laboratory in polyethylene bottles. In general, the amount of seaweed samples to be tested was weighed around 15-20 g. Wet algae samples are extracted by methanol solutions with Soxhlet apparatus for 12 hours. By applying the necessary purification processes to the obtained solution, the concentrations of 16 PAH components were determined with the GC/MS device. The amount of most of the 16 PAH compounds in the Keşap site seaweed samples was the highest. The highest amount compounds are found to fluorene, phenanthrene and antresen, and it is high in Bulancak, Giresun-Liman and Keşap sites. It belongs to seaweed samples collected from Piraziz site, which has the lowest values among eight stations. Since the benzo [g, h, i] perylene is lower than the detection levels in many stations. The main origins of PAHs were found as both pyrolytic and petrogenic at most stations.

In this study, bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (SALEN) functionalized carbon dot derived from waste banana peels was synthesized using facile hydrothermal technique and the optical biomarker and adsorption properties of the highly fluorescent red nanomaterial studied. The carbon dot and its functionalized counterpart were characterized using FTIR, SEM/EDX and UV-Visible technique. Evaluation of the optical properties of the yellowish brown carbon dot and reddish highly luminescent functionalized carbon dot indicated band gap energy values of 1.85 and 2.04 eV respectively. Extraneous variables such as effect of initial metal ion concentration, pH and contact time were studied in the batch extraction process for the sorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. The sorption of Cd(II) ion was observed to be highest at pH 5 with 99.3 % removal efficiency. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic models indicated interplay of physisorption and chemisorption processes. The mechanism for the chelation of Cd(II) ions onto the surface of the functionalized carbon dot was mainly governed by inner aphere chelation and ion exchange. Reusability of the material was evaluated using adsorption-desorption experiments. Result of the study indicated the potential of the functionalized carbon dot as (i) semiconductor materials with strong photoluminescence at the visible region which could be used as environmental biomarker and as sensor (ii) effective, efficient and low cost adsorbent for remediating Cd(II) ions contaminated environment.

Narcissus tazetta Linnaeus are grown in the Karaburun district of the Agean Region in Turkey in large quantities. The flower has an economic value; however, the leaves of the plant are of no use. Within this study's scope, sorption behaviors of Narcissus tazetta L. leaf powder against cobalt and nickel ions were investigated by batch experiments. The effects of initial pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, temperature, and biosorbent dosage were examined using one-factor-at-a-time method. Maximum sorption capacities for Co(II) and Ni(II) were 43.48 and 35.97 mg g-1, respectively. The biosorption process is fast, and the equilibrium was attained in 15 min. for Co(II) and Ni(II). Data fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well for both metal ions. Thermodynamic parameters reveal that the biosorption is exothermic and spontaneous. Narcissus tazetta L. Leaf powder is a readily available, costless, and promising biomaterial that can be used to separate Co(II) and Ni(II) ions from an aqueous solution. © 2021, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

In this study, metal and metal-free novel phthalocyanines containing peripheral and non-peripheral tetra 2-ben-zylphenoxy groups were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, H-1 NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. These new phthalocyanines exhibited excellent solubility in most organic solvents, and their redox behavior was investigated in different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dichloromethane (DCM). The redox behavior of the peripheral and non-peripheral phthalocyanine compounds 1a -c and 2a -c was determined by cyclic voltammetry and in situ spec-troelectrochemistry. According to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) measurements, the peripheral and non-peripheral phthalocyanine-cobalt complexes which have higher mobility than others were utilized top-gate bottom-contact OFETs fabrication. The output characteristics of the device show that its mobility is approximately 5 x 10(-2) cm(2)/Vs with p-type accumulation.

In this article, the chemical compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the volatile oil from leaves of Olea europaea L. cultivar from Turkey (Ayvalık) has been studied. The essential oil was provided with a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS/FID. This analysis leads to the detection of 42 compounds representing 99.59±1.15% of the total oil. The major constituents were a-pinene (9.82±0.33%), benzylalcohol (8.83±0.27%), phenethylalcohol (8.52±0.25%), 2-monopalmitin (8.13±0.28%), palmitic acid (5.53±0.41%), octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropylester (5.84±0.42%), phytol (4.22±0.17%), and benzaldehyde (4.21±0.38%). The antimicrobial activities of the dried leaves essential oils were assessed against seven bacterial and four fungal strains. Significantly, the essential oil has an efficient antibacterial activity toward to the bacterial strains such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883. The olive a leaf essential oils showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This study gives more knowledge for the development of this crucial therapeutic plant.

For the protection of human health, clean and safe drinking water supply is important. In connection with this, the drinking and irrigation water of village Darra Pezu and its neighboring areas of district Lakki Marwat, Pakistan was evaluated for different physical and chemical constraints including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, turbidity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The standard analytical procedures were adopted for the study of each of these parameter. The obtained results of each parameter were compared to the standard permissible limits given by the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) as well as World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water and were found to be according to the safe limits prescribed by NDWQS and WHO except well water. The two well water samples of Wanda Sharbat and Wanda Gulmir have high pH, turbidity, EC, hardness, alkalinity, TDS, TSS values than that given by WHO and NDWQS. It is because the well water is open to atmosphere so due to which there is contamination by chemicals pollutants and high growth of algae. Overall, water from all the sources is reported irrigation while well water of the area is not fit for drinking and needs the government attention.

The present work investigates the synthesis of composite nanofiltration membrane and its application for the removal of complex electrolytes and e. coli from groundwater. A novel PIPCSP/TMC, flat sheet nanofiltration membrane was synthesized following the previous published work. The cross flow experimental runs were carried out for 2.5 hrs. under operating pressure ranges (1-5 bar). The effects of pressure on permeance, rejection and flux were determined. An electrolytes solution of KCl, was passed to test the membrane for pure water flux and solute rejection. Single binary ion solution shows rejection of K + (26%),and Cl- (95.5%), with a pure water flux upto 224 L.m-2.hr-1. The model solution of an e.coli after passing through membrane gives an e.coli rejection (100 %) with pure water flux up to 211.5 L.m-2 .h-1 . PIP-CSP/TMC nanofiltartion membrane showed high resistance to fouling and exhibited consistent results in continuous operation 4up to 50 hrs. in cross flow mode.

Zeytin ağacı (Olea europea), ağır ve zahmetli büyümesine rağmen oldukça uzun ömürlüdür. Zeytinyağı, insan beslenmesi ve biyolojik değeri bakımından diğer tüm yemeklik yağlardan üstündür. Kazdağları ise Dünya’nın en lezzetli zeytinyağlarının üretildiği yerlerden biridir. Bu Bölgeye ait zeytin, zeytin yaprağı ve zeytinyağlarında metal konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi insan sağlığı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada örneklerin çözünürleştirilmesinde mikrodalga sistemi, metal konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesinde ICP-MS cihazı tercih edilmiştir. Metot validasyonu parametreleri LOD (tespit limiti), LOQ (tayin limiti), lineerlik, geri kazanım ve kesinlik olarak belirlenmiştir. Geri kazanım, bilinen miktarda NIST 1573 a Tomato Leaves ve LGC 7162 Strawbery Leaves sertifikalı referans maddeler kullanılarak gerçekleşmiştir. % geri kazanım değerleri 99 ve 101 arasında değişmektedir. Numunelerde vanadyum (V), selenyum (Se), kobalt (Co), baryum (Ba), kurşun (Pb), arsenik (As), bakır (Cu), krom (Cr), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn), demir (Fe) ve nikel (Ni) farklı konsantrasyonlarda bulunmasına rağmen hiçbir örnekte kadmiyum (Cd) tespit edilmedi.

The electrochemical characterization of sulfadiazine-cysteine (SD-CYS) adduct formation was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7) on the basis of voltammetric current and peak potential measurements. Due to the association of cysteine with sulfadiazine, the reduction peak currents of mercuric and mercurous cysteine thiolates decreased and their peak potentials simultaneously shifted to less negative potentials. By using the current changes of mercurous cysteine thiolate, it was determined that cysteine and sulfadiazine are associated with a 1:1 stoichiometry with a conditional association constant of 1.99 ×10 4 M ? 1 . In addition to experimental studies, a computational approach was carried out to study the geometrical parameters, electron densities, and UV-Vis absorption spectra of sulfadiazine and SD-CYS adduct in water. Calculated (B3LYP/6-311 ++ G(d,p) level) and experimental UV-Vis absorption spectra of the compounds were found to be in good agreement in water. The computational study suggests that cysteine bound to the C(5) on the pyrimidine ring via SH-group nucleophilic attack. Computational results reveal that sulfadiazine and its derivatives effectively bind cysteine and may lead to new molecules/drugs to target cysteine. © TÜBİTAK, The authors are grateful to TÜBİTAK-ULAKBIM TRUBA and the Fen Cluster of the Ege University Faculty of Science for computer time.

Dimethylamine borane (DMAB) is a promising fuel alternative for fuel cell applications. In this work cyclic voltammetric behavior of DMAB was investigated on the polymerized aminophenol film decorated with Ag nanoparticles in alkaline media. The polymer film was formed on the glassy carbon electrode by electrochemical technique and then, the surface was modified with Ag nanoparticles. The surface of the modified electrode was identified by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The developed electrode has displayed high electrocatalytic activity for DMAB oxidation in alkaline media depending on the supporting electrolyte concentration. Experimental parameters such as cycle number used in electropolymerization of p-aminophenol, deposition of Ag nanoparticles and supporting electrolyte were optimized. © TÜBİTAK.

An amphiphilic core/shell-type polymer-based drug carrier system (HPAE- PCL-b-MPEG), composed of hyperbranched poly(aminoester)-based polymer (HPAE) as the core building block and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diblock polymers (MPEG-b-PCL) as the shell building block, was designed. The synthesized polymers were characterized with FTIR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and GPC analysis. Monodisperse HPAE-PCL-b-MPEG nanoparticles with dimensions of

The necessity for reduction of fossil fuel consumption and the increasing energy costs drives the interest in development of alternative renewable energies during past years. OFMSW (Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes) is a valuable source, while it can be converted to biogas via anaerobic digestion. In this study The anaerobic digestibility and methane generation potential of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) sampled during three seasons (autumn, winter and summer) of a year were determined using batch bioreactors with varying initial dry solid matter ratios (DM:5-35 %). Batch experiments were carried out both with and without anaerobic inoculum. On the basis of the laboratory results, biogas production potentials were determined to be in the range of 229 - 484 m3/tonDM for experiment using anaerobic inoculum and 84 – 176 m3 /ton DM for experiments without inoculum. The best organic matter combination belongs to autumn season and the best concentration was observed as 20% DM.

Truffles are very precious and expensive mushrooms owing to their distinctive aroma and great flavor. The present study was carried out to survey the nutritional value of Tuber nitidum, a wild edible mushroom belonging to Tuber genus. It was analyzed for fatty acid content, phenolic and volatile compounds and amino acid profile. The chemical composition of the studied mushroom species showed that this wild edible fungus is one of a rich phenolic and amino acid source. The characteristic mushroom odor compounds, 1-octen-3-ol (14.81%) and 1-octen-3-one (11.19%), have been also detected. However, it has been reported that p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid were found in ethyl acetate extract as phenolic ingredient. In the lipidic extract, it has been determined that 76.94% linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), 12.38% palmitic acid (C16:0), 6.38% oleic acid (C18:1n9c), 2.54% stearic acid (C18:0). The wild edible mushroom, Tuber nitidum, a wild edible mushroom, may be of value and importance in the food and pharmaceutical industry as a natural healthy product source. Trüfler, karakteristik aromaları ve leziz tadı nedeniyle çok değerli ve pahalı mantarlardır. Bu çalışma Tuber cinsine ait yabani yenilebilir bir mantar olan Tuber nitidum'un besin değerini araştırmak için yürütülmüştür. Yağ asidi içeriği, fenolik ve uçucu bileşikleri ve amino asit profili analiz edildi. Çalışılan mantarın kimyasal bileşimi, bu yabani yenilebilir mantarın zengin fenolik ve amino asit kaynağı olduğunu gösterdi. Karakteristik mantar koku bileşikleri, 1-okten-3-ol (%14.81) ve 1-okten-3-on (%11.19) da tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, fenolik bileşen olarak etil asetat ekstraktında p-hidroksi benzoik asit, gentisik asit, vanilik asit bulunmuştur. Lipid özütünde, %76.94 linoleik asit (C18:2n6c), %12.38 palmitik asit (C16:0), %6.38 oleik asit (C18:1n9c), %2.54 stearik asit (C18:0) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yabani yenilebilir mantar olan Tuber nitidum, doğal sağlıklı bir ürün kaynağı olarak gıda ve ilaç sektöründe bir değer olarak önemlidir.

Aptamers are selective molecules against to various sizes of targets from small molecules to mammalian cells. Here, we reported QDs containing electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. the electrode surfaces were modified by cysteamine (CysN), which has amine and thiol groups, via self-assembled monolayer formation. the carboxyl-functionalized quantum dots (QD) and aptamers (Apt) were conjugated to cysteamine modified gold electrodes. Linear range for E. coli O157:H7 was from 1 to 102 CFU/mL after incubation on CysN/QD/Apt modified Au surfaces. QDs provide fluorescence surface, so that adhesion of cells was followed using fluorescence microscope. Adhered cells were also imaged by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, cell analysis was carried out in real samples., Aptamerler, küçük moleküllerden memeli hücrelerine kadar çeşitli boyutlardaki hedeflere karşı seçici moleküllerdir. Burada, E. coli O157:H7 dedeksiyonu için QD içeren elektrokimyasal aptasensör rapor edilmiştir. Yüzeyler, amino ve tiyol grupları içeren sisteamin (CysN) ile kendiliğinden oluşan tek tabaka meydana gelişi ile modifiye edildi. Karboksil ile fonksiyonelleştirilen quantum noktalar (QD) ve aptamerler (Apt), sisteaminle modifiye edilmiş altın elektrotlara konjuge edildi. CysN/QD/Apt modifiye edilen Au yüzeylerde inkübasyon sorasında, E. coli O157:H7 için doğrusal aralık 1 to 102 CFU/mL idi. QD floresans yüzeyler sağlar, böylece hücrelerin adezyonu floresans mikroskop kullanılarak takip edildi. Adezyon sonrası hücreler aynı zamanda taramalı electron mikroskobu ile görüntülendi. Son olarak, hücre analizi gerçek örneklerde gerçekleştirildi.

Biochemical confirmation of anti-inflammatory activity of oxicam-based pharmaceutical compositions was performed by the determination of the level of one of the main markers of inflammation-C-reactive protein. Biochemical studies were carried out on laboratory animals (white WAG rats) to study the anti-inflammatory effects of meloxicam, piroxicam, caffeine, and pharmaceutical compositions consisting of meloxicam and caffeine, piroxicam and caffeine compared to the reference drug - sodium diclofenac. The content of CRP in serum of rats was determined using the CRP latex test kit (State registration number 1248/2002, Kharkiv, Ukraine). It was shown that composition of meloxicam and caffeine reduced the content of CRP by 16 times compared with formalin-induced edema, and by 2 times in comparison with the reference drug diclofenac sodium, which is statistically significantly different from the control, i.e. caffeine increases and potentiates anti-inflammatory action of meloxicam.

This paper is about measurements of environmental radioactivity in samples taken from a lake bed and from different depths. The study is based on gamma spectrometric analysis of some radioisotopes encountered in sediment samples. For this purpose, sediments that have accumulated for thousands of years were used. Three core samples were taken from Kulakcayiri lake by drilling and taken from heights of 5-5.5 m, 10-10.5 m and 15-15.5 m at the same point and then moved to the laboratory. The analyses of the samples were carried out in the laboratory with the semiconductor HPGe detector. According to the results, the K-40 concentrations of the samples were 325 ± 18 Bq/kg, 353 ± 19 Bq/kg and 367 ± 19 Bq/kg, while their Th-232 concentrations were 38 ± 6 Bq/kg, 43 ± 6 Bq/kg and 42 ± 6 Bq/kg, respectively. Their concentrations of Ra-226 were calculated as 29 ± 5 Bq/kg, 26 ± 5 Bq/kg and 26 ± 5 Bq/kg, while the Cs-137 concentrations of the three samples were calculated as ?MDA (Minimum Detectable Activity) and existed at very low concentrations. The average activities of K-40, Th-232, Ra-226 and Cs-137 were found to be about 348 ± 186 Bq/kg, 41 ± 6.3 Bq/kg, 27 ± 5.1 Bq/kg and ?MDA, respectively. The results were compared with those of similar studies. These findings and assessments are expected to be an example for future studies and to be of reference quality. © 2018, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

A new, simple, fast and inexpensive method has been developed for the preconcentration of trace amounts of antimony(III) ions using nickel/nickel boride nanoparticles prior to their determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimization of the analytical parameters including initial pH, sorbent amount, contact time, sample volume, eluent type, and interference effects have been performed. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factor was 25 and the limit of detection was 0.02 µg/L. Calibration graph was obtained in the range of 0.08-0.80 µg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9924. The sorption capacity of the nickel/nickel boride nanoparticles was found to be as high as 2500 mg/g. The proposed method was applied to tap water and bottled drinking water. The quantitative recovery values were obtained in the range of 95-104 %. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were evaluated and the results showed that the sorption process fitted the Langmuir isotherm and monolayer adsorption process occurred. The proposed method was validated with a certified reference material. With the high capacity of the novel nickel/nickel boride nanosorbent, dynamic calibration range with suitable limit of detection and quantification, suitable enrichment factor, rapidity and cost-effectiveness, the proposed method is ideal for the preconcentration and determination of antimony(III).

This study investigates size and operating condition effects on energy production efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and economic potentials in production and utilization stages of a biogas system. In IZaYDaS plant, efficiencies of biogas production and electricity generation are found to be 28 % and 20 % independently from operating scheme, respectively. When these results are compared to a small capacity plant without an automatic control keeping the biogas system at or close to favorable conditions for fermentation and a lower quality electricity generator, both biogas and electricity production efficiencies are found to be lower showing the importance of operating conditions and size on energy production efficiency. organic waste processing is the major contributor to the GHG mitigation potential followed by fossil electricity and then chemical fertilizer replacement. Economically, liquid fraction of digestate is the major source of income due to its high amount followed by solid fraction of digestate and electricity sold to the grid. When different utilization paths are investigated for biogas, it is found that direct utilization of biogas has a higher GHG mitigation potential and favorable energetically. Bu çalışma bir biyogaz sisteminin üretim ve kullanım aşamalarındaki boyut ve işletme koşullarının enerji üretim verimi, sera gazı salınımının azaltılması ve ekonomik potansiyele etkisini incelemektedir. İZaYDaŞ tesisinde, biyogaz ve elektrik üretim verimleri işletim planından bağımsız olarak sırasıyla %28 ve % 20 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, biyogaz sistemini fermentasyon prosesi için optimum ya da optimuma yakın koşullarda tutan bir kontrol sistemine sahip olmayan düşük kapasiteli bir biyogaz tesisi ile karşılaştırıldığında, hem elektrik hem de biyogaz verimleri işletme koşullarının ve boyutun enerji üretim verimi üzerindeki etkisini gösterir şekilde düşük çıkmıştır. İncelenen tesiste, organik atıkların işlenmesi ve ardından fosil yakıt ve kimyasal gübre kullanımının ikame edilmesi sera gazı salınımlarının düşürülmesinde ki önemli faktörlerdir. Ekonomik olarak, elde edilen sıvı gübre ardından katı gübre ve şebekeye satılan elektrik gelir kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. Biyogaz için farklı kullanım yolları incelendiğinde, biyogazın doğrudan kullanımı enerjetik açıdan daha tercih edilir ve sera gazı azaltma potansiyelinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.

Composite phase change materials (PCM) of stearic acid/graphene oxide were prepared by thiol-alkyne click coupling reaction.Stearic acid was firstly modified with propargyl to introduce thiol-yneclickable sites. Different amounts of graphene oxide were added to thiol-alkyne clickable formulation. To evaluate phase change properties of PCMs differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used. Thermal stability and degradation profiles of PCMs were investigated. The structural characterization of stearic propargyl ester and PCMs was performed by aTR-FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of graphene oxide increased the maximum weigh loss temperature from 328 to 351 ˚C with respect to the base formulation. Moreover, the crosslinking of stearic acid prevented the leakage of PCMs. Stearik asit-grafen oksit kompozit faz değişim malzemeleri (PCM) tiyol-alkin klik kapanma reaksiyonu ile hazırlandı. Öncelikle stearik asit tiyol-yne klik gruplarının bağlanması amacıyla modifiye edildi. Farklı miktarlarda grafen oksit tiyol-klik formülasyonuna eklendi. PCM’lerin faz değişim özelliklerini incelemek için diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC) kullanıldı. PCM’lerin termal kararlılık ve bozunma profil incelendi. Stearik propargyl esteri ve PCM’lerin yapısal karakterizasyonu ATR-FTIR spektroskopisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Grafen oksit eklenmesiyle baz formülasyona göre maksimum kütle kaybı sıcaklığı 328 dan 351 ˚C ye yükseldi. Aynı zamanda stearik propargyl çapraz bağlanmasıyla PCM’lerin akma problem engellendi.

Bu araştırmanın amacı Multipl Skleroz (MS) ile Tümor Nekroz Faktör-Alfa (TNF-A) geninin promotör bölgesindeki (-376) gen polimorfizmi arasındaki ilişkininin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Yapılan çalışmada 100 MS hastası ve 100 sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 200 birey incelenmiştir. Bunun için ilk olarak kandan DNA izolasyonu yapılmış ve elde edilen DNA’lardan TNF-A geninin promoter – 376 bölgesi polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi ile çoğaltılmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise elde edilen PCR ürünleri Tsp50 enzimi ile kesilerek genotip dağılımları ve allel frekansları incelenmiştir. Türk popülasyonunda MS hastalığı ile TNF-A – 376 polimorfizminin genotip dağılımı arasında kuvvetli bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p=0,010). Aynı zamanda TNF-A – 376 polimorfizminin allel frekansı MS hastalığıyla bir ilişki göstermektedir (p=0.011). Bu ilişkide TNF-A – 376 polimorfizminin heterozigot genotip G/A olduğu ve A allelinin koruyucu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. TNF-A – 376 polimorfizmi ile MS arasında hastalığın risk oluşturması açısından herhangi bir ilişki bulunmamıştır ancak G/A genotipi ve A allelinin sağlıklı kişilerde koruyucu etkisi olabildiği düşünülmektedir. The purpose of this study is the detection of the association between MS and TNF-A gene promoter – 376 polymorphism.In this study, 100 MS patients and 100 healthy controls were examined. Firstly, genomic DNA was extracted from human leukocyte nuclei isolated from whole blood by standard methods and then the promoter region of TNF-A including – 376 polymorphism was amplified with PCR method. Secondly, the PCR products were digested with a digestion enzyme and genotype distributions and allele frequencies were determined. A strong association between MS and TNF-A – 376 genotype distribution was detected (p= 0,010). At the same time TNF-A – 376 allele frequency was showed an association with MS (p=0,011), but this association indicates that GA genotype and A allele have protective effects. There is not an association between TNF-A – 376 polymorphism and MS progression, but GA genotype and A allele may be the protective factors in the healthy people.

Günümüzde trafik kontrolsistemlerinin verimli çalışabilmesi için kısa dönemli trafiğin tahmin edilmesigerekli olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale İl sınırlarındaki (D-200, E88) karayoluna ait kısadönemli trafik tahmin modellerinin geliştirilmesi için dönemsel otoregresifbileşik hareketli ortalama (SARIMA) tekniği kullanılmıştır.. Modellemedekullanılan veri seti, yolun 29+100 km’ sinde belirlenen kesiminde, yaklaşık 2ay süre boyunca 15 dk.’ lık zaman dilimleri şeklinde yapılan sayımlardan herbir şerit için ayrı olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen trafik akımı verilerinin%80’ i SARIMA modellerinin oluşturulması için, kalan kısmı ise modelintahminlerinin test edilmesi için kullanılmıştır. Farklı tiplerdeki SARIMAmodelleri iki şeritli karayolunun sağ ve sol şeritleri için oluşturulmuştur. Analizlersonucunda SARIMA(1,0,1)(0,1,1)672 her iki şerit için en düşük tahminhatalarını üretmiştir. Modellere ait R2 değerleri ise sağ şerit için0,92, sol şerit için 0,88 seviyelerinde olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Modellerinyüksek R2 değerleri ve düşük hatalar üretmesi nedeniyle geliştirilen SARIMAmodellerinin Türkiye karayollarının kesintisiz akım koşullarını sağlayan yolkesiminde Türkiye'de kullanılabileceğini anlaşılmıştır., Nowadays, forecasting short-term traffic isnecessary for traffic control systems to serve efficiently. In this study,short-term traffic forecasting models were developed using seasonalautoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) technique for the highway(D-200, E88) in Kırıkkale border. The dataset for modeling were collected foreach lane with 15 min periods from the road section which is in 29+100 km onthe highway for two months. The 80% of data were utilized to develop SARIMAmodels and the rest of the data were used for testing the models. As a resultof the analyses, SARIMA(1,0,1)(0,1,1)672 produced the lowest forecasting errorvalues for both lanes. The R2 values of the models were calculated about 92% forright lane and 88% for left lane. The models generated high R2 values and lowerrors, therefore developed SARIMA models can be used on uninterrupted roadsections in Turkish highways.

A new polymerization mechanistic transformation strategy, combining two different controlled polymerization techniques of different modes, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and photoinduced radical oxidation/addition/deactivation (PROAD), is successfully applied for the synthesis of block copolymers. Thus, mono- or bi- bromide functional polystyrenes (PS-Br or Br-PS-Br) synthesized by light induced ATRP were used as macroinitiator for the living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether via PROAD process to give the corresponding block copolymers. In this way, depending on the structure of the macroinitiator, AB or ABA type block copolymers (PS-b-PIBVE or PIBVE-b-PS-b-PIBVE) were formed. The final polymers and precursor polymers were characterized by spectral and chromatographic analyses.

In this study, amine-mediated silica aerogels dried under the ambient conditions in monolithic form were prepared by following sol-gel method. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was involved in the synthesis as a silica co-precursor. Imidazolium-based short-chain ionic liquids (ILs) were incorporated into the silica gel structure to control the gel shrinkage within the pores, as well as to eliminate the capillary effect during the solvent evaporation. A production procedure was developed to explore the synergistic effect of ionic liquids and amine-functionalized silica precursor on the textural and chemical properties of the final silica gels. Surface modifications of the samples were performed by using 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) to ensure hydrophobic characteristics. To reveal the chemical and morphological characteristics of the resultant material, various analyses were conducted. SEM and FTIR analyses were performed to investigate the morphological and chemical structure, whereas TGA analysis was carried out to determine the thermal stability of the silica gels. As a result, the ionic liquid embedded sample was obtained in a monolithic structure with a low density (0.45 g/cm3) and had a good thermal stability (up to 381 °C). Contact angle measurement also demonstrated that the desired monolithic sample has a hydrophobic characteristic with a water contact angle value of 113°. © 2018, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

In this study, nanocomposites were formed together with Keggin-type K7-xNaxPW11O39?14H2O polyoxotungstates (POTs) clusters and oxygenated-graphene (Oxy-G). It was produced as a multilayer via layer-by-layer self-assembly method using protonated poly (ethylenimine) (PEI). The produced (PEI/POTs/Oxy-G)n multilayer films were controlled by XRD, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. (PEI/POTs/Oxy-G)n multilayers are modified on a glassy carbon electrode. The hydrogen evolution reaction takes place by taking advantage of the electrocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite. They have been shown to exhibit a potentially good electrocatalytic activity at-0.4 V. A notable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction could be identified on the (PEI/POTs/Oxy-G)n multilayer. We demonstrate that expanded the application of POTs/G nanocomposites to the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. This excellent approach will offer new insights into different electrode structure and the development of novel electroactive catalysts. © 2018, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

İletkenpolimerler ilginç optik ve elektriksel özellikleri sayesinde teknolojikuygulamalarda kullanım potansiyeli en yüksek malzemelerden biridir. Fakatiletken polimerlerin zayıf çözünürlüğü, kolayca işlenememesi, mekanikdayanımının ve stabilitesinin iyi olmaması gibi nedenler pratik uygulamalardakullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iletken polimerler organikçözücüler (diklorometan, asetonitril, kloroform vb.) yerinepolistirensülfonikasit yardımıyla hazırlanan sulu dispersiyonunun elektrokimyasalolarak polimerleştirilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Böylelikle suda çözünmeyen birmonomer, çevre ve insan sağlığına zararlı organik çözücüler yerine sulu ortamdapolimerleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca sulu ortamda elde edilen iletken polimerinorganik çözücü varlığında elde edilen iletken polimere göre optik veelektriksel özelliklerinin daha üstün olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu makale ile çevreve insan sağlığına zararlı organik çözücülerde sentezlenen diğer iletkenpolimerlerin de sulu ortamda sentezlenebileceği ve elde edilen polimerlerinteknolojik uygulamalarda kullanımı için çok önemli olan optik ve elektrikselözelliklerinin daha üstün olabileceği gösterilmiştir., Thanksto their interesting optical and electrical properties, conductive polymers areone of the materials to have highest potential utility in technologicalapplications. But theirs usage in practical applications are limited due topoor solubility, cannot be easily processed and lack of good mechanicalstrength and stability. In this work, synthesis of conductive polymer wasachieved in environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion of polystyrene sulfonicacid instead of harmful organic solvent (dichloromethane, acetonitrile,chloroform,). Thus, a water-insoluble monomer was polymerized in an aqueousmedium instead of organic solvents which are harmful to environment and humanhealth. Also, conductive polymer obtained in aqueous medium has superioroptical and electrical properties than the conductive polymer obtained in thepresence of organic solvents. This paper has been shown that other conductivepolymers synthesized in hazardous organic solvents can be synthesized inaqueous media with superior optic and electrical properties which is importantfor the technological application.

In this study we focus on the stability of dynamic logistic equation which is used in single species population dynamics. Here we have introduced a quadratic Lyapunov function for generalized dynamic logistic equation on time scales. By using proposed Lyapunov function, asymptotic stability conditions for the equilibrium solution of dynamic logistic equation have been investigated.

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells were treated with the synthesized water soluble phthalocyanine derivatives to understand the effect of the compounds both on colorectal and liver cancer cells. The compounds inhibited cell proliferation and displayed cytotoxic effect on these cancer cell lines however; the effect of the compounds on healthy control fibroblast cell line was comparatively lower. The compounds can be employed for cancer treatment as anticancer agents., İnsan hepatoselüler karsinoma (HepG2) hücreleri ve kolorektal adenokarsinoma (DLD-1) hücreleri, bileşiklerin hem kolorektal hemde karaciğer kanseri hücrelerindeki etkisini anlamak için sentezlenen suda çözünür ftalosiyanin türevleriyle etkileştirildi. Bileşikler hücre proliferasyonunu inhibe etti ve bu kanser hücre dizileri üzerinde sitotoksik etki gösterdi; buna karşın bileşiklerin sağlıklı kontrol fibroblast hücre hattı üzerindeki etkisi nispeten daha düşüktü. Bu bileşikler kanser tedavisinde antikanser ajanlar olarak kullanılabilir.

Bu çalışma yapıca kararlı yeni bir faz değişim materyali olarak silikafume / Laurik asit(LA) kompozitinin hazırlanması, karakterize edilmesi ve ısıl enerji depolama özelliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine amaçlanmıştır. Kompozitler LA’nın silikafume içine vakum altında emdirme yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. Erimiş LA silikafume içerisinde akma davranışı göstermeden %30 oranında hapsedilebilmiştir. Üretilen kompozit faz değişim malzemesi (FDM); SEM ve FT-IR analiz teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Kompozit FDM’nin ısıl enerji depolama özellikleri DSC analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. DSC analiz sonuçları kompozit FDM’nin erime noktasının ve erime entalpisinin sırasıyla 43.19 oC ve 73.14 J/g olduğunu göstermiştir. Çok sayıda gerçekleştirilen ısıtma-soğutma döngüleri sonucunda kompozit FDM’lerin kimyasal olarak kararlı ve enerji depolama özelliklerini önemli düzeyde koruduğunu göstermiştir. TG analiz sonuçları silikafumeye emdirilen LA’nın termal kararlılığının yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kompozit FDM’lerin ısıl iletkenliği farklı oranlarda karbon nano tüp (CNTs) ilave edilerek arttırılmıştır. Ayrıca CNTs ilavesinin kompozit FDM’nin ısıl enerji depolama ve salıverme süreleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. This paper is aimed to prepare, characterize, and determine thermal energy storage properties of silicafume/lauric acid(LA) composite as a novel formstable composite phase changematerial(PCM). The composite PCM was prepared by incorporating LA in the silicafume by using vacuum impregnation method. The LA could be retained by 30 wt% into the silicafume without the leakage of melted LA from the composite. The composite PCM was characterized by using SEM and FT-IR analysis techniques. Thermal energy storage properties of the composite PCMs were determined by DSC analysis. DSC results showed that the melting temperature and latent heat of the composite PCMs are 43.19 oC and 73.14 J/g, respectively. Thermal cycling test was conducted to determine the thermal reliability of the composite PCM and the results showed that the composite PCM had good thermal energy storage reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis revealed that the impregnated LA into the silicafume had good thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of the composite PCM was improved by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different mass fractions. The effect of CNTs addition on the thermal energy storage/release times of the produced composite PCM was also tested.

Dünyada birçok ekosistemde yayılış gösteren Inocybe, cins düzeyinde teşhisi kolay olmasına rağmen, morfolojik özelliklerinin birbirine yakın olmasından dolayı, tür düzeyinde tayini zaman alabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, Inocybe cinsi son yıllardaki moleküler tekniklerdeki gelişmelerin etkisiyle filogenetik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan filogenetik analizler, cins içindeki taksonomik problemlerin ortadan kaldırılabilmesi için kullanışlı veriler sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Kütahya yöresinden toplanan Inocybe örneklerinin morfolojik ve moleküler analizi yapılarak cins içindeki filogenetik pozisyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, örneklerin ITS bölgesinin sekansları çıkartılmış, GenBank’tan alınan diğer sekanslarla karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan morfolojik ve filogenetik analizler sonucunda, araştırma bölgesinden I. calida, I. cervicolor ve I. rimosa taksonları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu taksonların yer aldığı Cervicolores, Marginatae ve Rimosa seksiyonları filogenetik olarak değerlendirilmiş ve türler arasındaki morfolojik farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Inocybe is a fungi genus widespread in the world ecosystems and relatively easy to be identified at the genus level; however species identification for this genus is at times may take time due to close similarities in morphological characteristics among some of the species. For this reason, the genus Inocybe has also been continuously evaluated phylogenetically by taking advantage of the developments in molecular approaches in recent years. The phylogenetic analyzes provide useful inputs to tackle taxonomic problems within the genus. In this context, we aim to conduct morphological and molecular analyzes of Inocybe samples collected from Kütahya region to determine phylogenetic positions in the genus. Towards this goal, ITS regions of the samples were sequenced and compared with the other sequences obtained from GenBank. As a result of the morphological and phylogenetic analyzes performed, I. calida, I. cervicolor and I. rimosa taxa were identified from the study area. Furthermore, the Cervicolores, Marginatae and Rimosa sections of these taxa were phylogenetically evaluated and the morphological differences between the species are discussed.

Naltrexone is one of the classical opioid antagonists. In substantially lower than standard doses, they apply different pharmacodynamics. A daily dose of 1 to 5 mg is considered as low-dose naltrexone (LDN). Clinical reports of LDN have demonstrated its possible benefits in diseases such as fibromyalgia, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis, complex-regional pain syndrome, Hailey-Hailey disease, and cancer.The aim of the present study was to establish the inherent stability of naltrexone and stability indicating assay method for simultaneous determination of naltrexone after being subjected to acidic and basic stress.A forced degradation study of naltrexone in its tablet form was conducted under the acidic and basicconditions in order to develop a rapid and sensitive stability indicating UV-Visible method for the quantification of naltrexone. Quantification was achieved by UV detection at 286.60 nm, on the basis of peak area. Naltrexone was found to be unstable and degraded in the acidic and basic buffer up to 3 hours.

In this work, a biosensor that uses gelatin and alginate hydrogels in addition to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as sensor matrix was developed in order to detect superoxide radicals (O2•-), which play role in carcinogenesis when present in excess levels. Parameters affecting the performance of the biosensor such as amount of gelatin-alginate ratio, amount of TiO2 NPs, concentration of SOD enzymes and glutaraldehyde cross-linker were investigated. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry were used as electrochemical technique for the development of biosensor as well as characterisation steps. The developed biosensor exhibited two linear ranges between 0.0009 mM – 0.125 mM and 0.25 mM – 2 mM which were utilized as calibration curves. Detection limit of the biosensor was found 0.9 μM, which was at appropriate level for the detection of O2•- in tumour samples. Finally, the constructed biosensor showed significant analytical performance such as high selection for O2•-, low detection limit, and long-term stability.

Fotovoltaik termal sistemler, aynı yüzeyden hem termal hem elektrik enerjisi kazanmak için oldukça popülerdir. Bu çalışmada, PV panelinaltına yerleştirilmiş siyah boyalı absorber plakanın ısı kazancı deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla bakır borulu bir ısı değiştiricidizayn edilmiştir. Ayrıca siyah boyalı bir alüminyum emici plaka dizayn edilerek absorber ve ısı değiştirici ısıl iletken bir yapıştırıcı sayesindebirleştirilmiştir. En sonunda absorber, PV panelin arkasına yerleştirilmiş ve ısı yalıtım malzemesi ile yalıtılmıştır. Ayrıca sistem, bir suısıtma sistemi ile birleştirilmiş olup absorber plakanın ısı kazancı farklı iklim koşulları için araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, farklı güneş ışınımı,çevre sıcaklığı ve rüzgar hızları için yürütülmüştür.Sonuçlar, soğutmadan önce, absorber plaka sıcaklığının 70-80 °C seviyelerine ulaştığınıgöstermiştir. Ayrıca absorberin iyi oranda termal güneş enerjisi kazandığı görülmüştür. Bu enerji kolaylıkla su ısıtma sistemlerinde kullanılabilir.Ayrıca, su ısıtma sistemi sayesinde absorber sıcaklığının optimum değerlere düşürülebileceği görülmüştür. Photovoltaic – thermal systems are very popular for gaining both thermal and electrical energy from same surface. In this study, thermal gain of black colored absorber plate that placed at beneath of PV panel was investigated experimentally. For this purpose, it was designed that copper tubes heat exchanger. Also it was designed that a black painted aluminum absorber plate. Absorber and heat exchanger were joined by means of thermally conductive adhesive. Finally, absorber was placed to beneath of the PV panel and it was insulated using heat insulation material. Also absorber system was integrated with a water heating system. Thermal gain of absorber plate was investigated for different climatic conditions. Research was conducted for different solar irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity values.Results show that absorber temperature reaches up to 70 – 80 °C before the cooling. Also it has been seen that absorber, gained well amount solar thermal energy. This energy can be used for water heating systems easily. Also it has been seen that absorber temperature can be decrease to optimum value by means of water heating system.

In the present study, the effects of cerium oxide (CeO2) additive on the sinterability, microstructural, mechanical and in-vitro bioactivityproperties of a commercially synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated. HA without CeO2 additive started to decompose at 1100oC, but the decomposition temperature of the CeO2 added samples decreased up to 900 oC. Decomposition rate of the sintered samples increasedby increasing sintering temperature. It was about 5.8% for pure HA, and increased to 11.4% when the CeO2 additive to HA reachedto 2.5 wt%. SEM images showed that an excessive grain growth as well as microcracks occured on the surface of pure HA when it wassintered at the temperatures than that of 1100 oC. The microcracks were also observed on the surface of HA-CeO2 composites, when theywere sintered at 1300 oC. The composite of HA-0.5CeO2 sintered at 1100 oC possess the higher fracture toughness (Kıc) (2.510 ± 0.225MPam-1/2) and the higher compressive strength (152.73 ± 6.31 MPa) compared to other HA-CeO2 composites, and its mechanical propertiesare higher than that of pure HA at about 2-3 times. In-vitro bioactivity test results showed that apatite layers on the surface of the sampleswere in the different morphologies. Bu çalışmada, seryum oksit (CeO2) ilavesinin ticari saflıktaki bir sentetik hidroksiapatitin (HA) sinterlenebilme, mikroyapısal, mekanik ve in-vitro biyoaktivite özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. CeO2 ilavesiz HA 1100 oC sıcaklıkta dekompoze olmaya başlamış, CeO2 ilave edilmiş numunelerde dekompoze olma sıcaklığı ise 900 oC’ ye kadar düşmüştür. Sinterlenmiş numunelerin dekompoze olma oranı sinterleme sıcaklığının artmasıyla artmıştır. Saf HA’ nın dekompoze olma oranı yaklaşık % 5.8 iken, HA’ ya yapılan CeO2 katkı maddesi ağırlıkça% 2.5’ e ulaştığında %11.4’ e yükselmiştir. SEM görüntüleri 1100 oC’ nin üstündeki sıcaklıklarda sinterlenen saf HA’ nın yüzeyinde aşırı tane büyümelerinin yanı sıra mikroçatlakların meydana geldiğini göstermiştir. Mikroçatlaklar ayrıca HA-CeO2 kompozitlerinin yüzeyinde, 1300 oC sıcaklıkta sinterlendiklerinde gözlemlenmiştir. 1100 oC’ de sinterlenmiş HA-0.5CeO2 kompoziti, diğer HA-CeO2 kompozitlerine kıyasla daha yüksek kırılma tokluğu (Kıc) (2.510 ± 0.225 MPam-1/2) ve daha yüksek basma dayanımına (152.73 ± 6.31 MPa) sahiptir ve mekanik özellikleri saf HA’ dan yaklaşık 2-3 kat daha yüksektir. İn-vitro biyoaktivite testi sonuçları, numunelerin yüzeyindeki apatit katmanlarının farklı morfolojilerde olduğunu göstermiştir.

Customer satisfaction is an important factor for the success of the companies. Efforts for cost reduction and production productivity arenot enough for companies unless customer satisfaction is provided. For this reason, the aim of companies from all sizes is to provide thebest and fastest service to customers. Therefore, the establishment and operation of a logistics network is important for a company fromthe original point to the point of arrival of a product or service. In cargo companies, transportation is the main procedure in terms of timeand capacity constraints such as the number of vehicles, products and employees. With this aim, Vehicle Routing Problem with Backauls(VRPB) is investigated to reduce the total distance travelled by vehicles for a hypothetical postal service firm. It is assumed that there aremore than a hundred centers of the firm that send their vehicles to the reception centers after the distribution centers are visited. The P-Medianclustering model is used based on the distances of the centers to each other, since the exact algorithms cannot solve this problem dueto a great number of centers. Then, vehicles in each cluster routed by using a modified mathematical model. Günümüzde firmalar arası rekabetin kilit taşını müşteri memnuniyeti oluşturmaktadır. Daha az maliyet, daha çok üretim gibi hedefler müşteri memnuniyetini sağlanmadıkça firmalar için yeterli olmaz. Bu nedenle küçükten büyüğe bütün firmaların amacı müşteriye en iyi, en hızlı şekilde hizmet sunmak ve müşteri memnuniyeti sağlamaktır. Bir ürün veya hizmetin başlangıç noktasından varış noktasına kadar olan süreçte lojistik ağının çok iyi kurulması ve sürecin işlemesi bir firma için önemlidir. Özellikle temel görevi taşımacılık olan kargo firmalarının araç, ürün ve çalışan sayısı gibi kısıtlar ve zaman açısından çok iyi bir sürece sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada posta hizmetleri için Araç Rotalama Problemi (ARP) üzerine çalışılmıştır. Araçlarını rotalarken önce dağıtım merkezlerine sonrasında kabul merkezlerine gönderen posta hizmetlerinin çok fazla şubesi bulunabilmektedir. Merkez sayısı çoğaldıkça en iyi çözümü veren algoritmalar bu problemi çözemeyeceği için merkezlerin birbirine olan uzaklıkları temel alınarak kümeleme metodu kullanılmıştır. Böylece birbirine yakın olan merkezler kendi içlerinde planlanarak toplam kat edilen uzaklık azaltılmaya çalışılmıştır.

In thispaper, we consider the stress-strength reliability for record data when the distribution ofrandom stress and strength have the type I extreme-value distribution.First, classical inference methods, namely uniformly minimum variance unbiasedestimate (UMVUE) and maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), are used for . Second,Bayesian inference of are considered for gamma priors assumption.When the common parameter of stress and strength variables is known, the exactBayes estimate and Bayesian credible interval of are obtained. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)method are used to derive the Bayes estimate and highest probability density(HPD) credible interval of when the common parameter is unknown. Finally,Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performance of theobtained estimates. A real data set about the weather temperature is analyzedto illustrate the performances of the derived estimators in the paper., Bu çalışmada, stres Y ve dayanıklılık X rastgeledeğişkenleri I. Tip uçdeğer dağılımına sahip olduğunda rekor değerler içinstres dayanıklılık modelinin güvenilirliği ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak için klasikyaklaşım yani değişmez en küçük varyanslı yansz minimum varyans tahmin edici veen çok olabilirlik tahmin edicisi kullanılmıştır. Sonra, önsellerin gammadağılımına sahip olması varsayımı altın için Bayesyaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Stres ve dayanıklılık değişkenlerinin ortakparametresi biliniyorken, nin kesin Bayestahmin edicisi ve Bayes güven aralığı elde edilmiştir. Stres ve dayanıklılıkdeğişkenlerinin ortak parametresi bilinmiyorken, ’nin Bayes tahmin edicisi ve en yüksek olasılıkyoğunluklu Bayes güven aralığı Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo (MCMC) metodu ileelde edilmiştir. Son olarak elde edilen tahmin edicilerin performanslarınıkarşılaştırmak için Monte Carlo simülasyonu gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilentahmin edicilerin performanslarını göstermek için hava sıcaklıkları ile ilgiligerçek veri seti analiz edilmiştir.

Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel technique andannealed under wide temperature range (450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800, and900 0C). To figure out thepossible structural phases X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used. Thelattice parameters were calculated by Rietveld analysis and correlated byannealing temperatures. For the synthesized nanoparticles, the optimumannealing temperatures were achieved at 450, 500, and 550 °C and furtherannealing temperature increment gave rise to secondary NiO peaks. The ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM) images show random ball-shaped particle distribution.Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed only the peaks belong to thecomposition. Magnetic measurements were performed using Quantum DesignVibrating Sample Magnetometer (QDVSM) tool for Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanosystems. From the DC magnetic field dependentmagnetization curves, clear paramagnetic behavior was revealed for all Cu-Nico-doped ZnO nanoparticles., Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03Onanoparçacıkları, sol-gel tekniği ile hazırlanıp geniş sıcaklık aralığında(450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800, 900 ° C) tavlandı. Olası yapısal fazlarıbelirlemek için X-ışını kırınım tekniği (XRD) kullanılmıştır. Kafesparametreleri Rietveld analizi ile hesaplanmış ve tavlama sıcaklıkları ileilişkilendirilmiştir. Sentezlenen nanoparçacıklar için, optimum tavlamasıcaklıkları 450, 500 ve 550 ° C'de elde edildi ve ayrıca tavlama sıcaklığıartışı ikincil NiO fazlarına yol açmıştır. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM)görüntüleri rastgele küre şeklindeki parçacık dağılımını göstermektedir. Enerjidağıtıcı X-ışını spektroskopisi (EDX) sadece kompozisyona ait pikleri göstermektedir.Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanoparçacıkları için manyetikölçümler, Kuantum Dizayn Titreşen Örnek Manyetometresi (QDVSM) kullanılarakyapıldı. DC manyetik alana bağlı mıknatıslanma eğrilerinden, tüm Cu-Ni ortakkatkılı ZnO nanoparçacıklarının net paramanyetik davranışı gösterildi.

Bu makalede, Kenmotsu manifoldlarında konformal Ricci solitonlarını karakterize eden koşullar incelenmiştir. Öncelikle (2?? + 1)-boyutlu ?? ?sınıfından diferensiyellenebilir bir ??2??+1 manifoldunun hemen hemen değme yapısı ve Kenmotsu manifoldların yapısı tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra, Ricci-recurrent, ?-recurrent, psedo-projektif ?-recurrent, concircular ?-recurrent Kenmotsu manifoldlarının tanımları verilmiştir ve bu tip manifoldlarda konformal Ricci solitonlarının hangi durumlarda daralan, genişleyen veya sabit olduğu şartlar araştırılmıştır. In this paper, we examine the conditions that characterize conformal Ricci solitons in Kenmotsu manifolds. Firstly, almost contact structure of a ?? ? class (2?? + 1)-dimensional differentiable ??2??+1 and the structure of a Kenmotsu manifold are introduced. Then, the definitions of Ricci-recurrent, ? - recurrent, psedo-projektif ? -recurrent, concircular?-recurrent Kenmotsu manifolds are given and the conditions that determine the conformal Ricci solitons in such manifolds are expanding, steady or shrinking are examined.

Polycylic aromatichydrocarbons negative effects are identified by various studies. Pre-processingmethods to increase analysis and pre-analysis concentration of PAHs have greatimportance, especially in drinking water. In this study, in drinkingwater, EPA 550.1 method used for analyis of polycylic aromatichydrocarbons in drinking water is aimed to reduce the amount and time byperforming the amount of chemical and analysis time. According to recovery andrepeatability parameters, results are obtained with evaluation compared withvalues in EPA method 550.1. Using a total of 70 ml chemical modified by methodfor six PAH parameters, the percentage recovery results are as follows; flouranthems %99,5, Benzo(b)flouranthene %90,5, Benzo(k)flouranthene %84,8,Benzo(a)pyrene %91,1, Benzo(g,h,i )perylene 75,9 and Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene %79,1. Another concept that forms the basis of the SPE method, relativestandard deviation of the percentage results for the same 6 PAH parameter areas follows; flouranthene % 12,8, Benzo(b)flouranthene % 8,4, Benzo(k)flouranthene%8,5, Benzo(a)pyrene % 8,02, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene % 12,2 andIndeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene % 17,5. In the modified innovative methods, recoveryand repeatability results are observed that analytically compatible to thevalues of the method EPA 550.1.

Hydrogen gas (H2(g))production is one of the major topic of the industry and energy productionfields, for the last decades. Especially it is popular with showing high energydensity. Among the other industrial methods electrolysis is the cleanest onewithout any by product emissions. It has been very popular to recovery of thediscarded materials (such as batteries) as an environmentally friendlyequipments. Here the coal of a used up battery is utilized as an electrode inthe electrolysis system in order to produce (H2(g)). Then theseelectrodes were modified with impregnation of Zr and Ce metals. At first, HNO3(aq) andH2SO4(aq)solutions were compared as electrolytes with plain electrodes and H2SO4(aq) isdefined as the optimum electrolyte medium (maximum H2(g) productiondensities as 24.10xE-5 mL sec-1 and 87.22xE-5mL sec-1,charge densities as 1137.40xE-4 C sec-1and 2976.19xE-4 C sec-1 and current densities as 45.68xE-7i sec-1 and 165.34xE-7 i sec-1 for 0.10 M HNO3(aq) andH2SO4(aq)solutions respectively). Then all of these modified electrodes were utilized tothe electrolysis system and compared in the case of H2(g) productionyield, charge and current density values. The best performances were obtainedfrom Ce modified electrode (maximum H2 (g) production density as125.00xE-5 mL sec -1, charge density as 4265.24xE-4C sec-1 and current density as 236.96xE-7 i sec-1 in 0.10 M of H2SO4(aq)electrolyte). Hydrogen is one of the most promising, clean and sustainableenergy carrier, that can be produced effectively by the usage of Ce modifiedbattery coal.

Bu çalışmada, Laurus nobilis, Oregano ve Cinnamomum zeylanicum bitkilerinden hidrodistilasyon yoluyla elde edilen uçucu yağlar kullanılarakGluconacetobacter hansenii P2A (KUEN 1606) tarafından sentezlenen bakteriyel selüloz (BC) membranlara antimikrobiyel özellikkazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Uçucu yağların analizi gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi (GC-MS) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Analiz sonucunda L. nobilis, Oregano ve C. zeylanicum uçucu yağlarının temel bileşenleri sırasıyla, 1,8-cineole (%63.7), carvacrol(%64,5) ve cinnamaldehyde (%80,9) olarak belirlenmiştir. BC membranlar, %1-12 (v/v) uçucu yağ içeren çözeltiler ile temas ettirilmişve daha sonra disk difüzyon tekniği ile Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, Gram pozitif) ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853,Gram negatif) bakterilerine karşı etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, L. nobilis uçucu yağı yüklenmiş BC membranların S. aureus’a karşıetkin olmadığını, P. aeruginosa’ya karşı ise ancak %8’in üzerindeki derişimlerde zayıf etki göstererek yarıçapı 2 mm’ye varan inhibisyonbölgeleri oluşturabildiğini göstermiştir. Öte yandan, Oregano ve C. zeylanicum uçucu yağları ile yüklenmiş biyofilmler yarıçapı sırasıyla13 mm ve 16 mm’ye varan inhibisyon bölgeleri oluşturarak her iki patojene karşı da yüksek etkinlik göstermişlerdir. In this study, it was aimed to gain antimicrobial property in to bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes synthesized by Gluconacetobacter hansenii P2A (KUEN 1606) using essential oils derived from Laurus nobilis, Oregano and Cinnamomum zeylanicum plants via hydrodistillation. The analysis of essential oils was realized by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Accordingly, major constituents of essential oils were identified as 1,8-cineole (63,7%), carvacrol (64,5%) and cinnamaldehyde (80,9%) for L. nobilis, Oregano and C. zeylanicum, respectively. BC membranes were contacted with solutions of 1-12% (v/v) oil content and then tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus auerus (ATCC 25923, Gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853, Gram negative) by disc diffusion technique. Results showed that BCs treated with the essential oil from L. nobilis were inactive against S. aureus and slightly active against P. aeruginosa only over concentrations of 8% with maximum inhibition radius of 2 mm. On the contrary, biofilms loaded with essential oils of Oregano and C. zeylanicum were highly active against both pathogens with inhibition zone reaching as high as 13 and 16 mm, respectively.

In the present work, 15 4-(1-(prop-2-in-1-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole-2-yl)-N'-(substitutedmethylene)benzohydrazide derivatives (4a-4o) were re-synthesized to evaluate their antifungal activity. Structure identification of synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory potential of the re-synthesized compounds was investigated against Candida supp. The compounds 4e and 4l showed significant anti fungal activity. Consistent with the activity studies, 4e was found to be potent derivative with its MIC50 value of (1.95 ?g/mL) against Candida glabrata. And 4l was found to be potent derivative with its MIC50 value of (1.95 ?g/mL) against Candida krusei., Mevcut çalışmada, 15 4-(1-(prop-2-in-1-il)-1H-benzimidazol-2-il)-N’-(sübstitüemetilen) benzohidrazit türevleri (4a-4o), antifungal aktivitelerini değerlendirmek üzere yeniden sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin yapı tanımlamaları 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve HRMS spektroskopik yöntemlerle açıklandı. Yeniden sentezlenen bileşiklerin antifungal etkinlikleri Candida türlerine karşı değerlendirildi. Bileşik 4e ve 4l önemli aktivite gösterdi. Aktivite çalışmaları ile uyumlu olarak, 4e bileşiği Candida glabrata'ya karşı 1.95 ?g / mL MIC50 değeri ile güçlü bir türev olarak bulundu. Aynı zamanda 4l bileşiği Candida krusei’ye karşı 1.95 ?g / mL MIC50 değeri ile güçlü bir türev olarak bulundu.

There may be more than one element affecting quality and efficiency in the manufacturing organizations. As a result of multiple elementsoccurring at the same time, permanent losses occur in final production and quality. Both the customer sense of trust and their satisfactionare negatively affected because of those problems.Failure to achieve targeted levels of quality and productivity in the organization reduces customer satisfaction. Quality and productivity inthe organization are affected by inefficiency in resource utilization, bottlenecks in the production and inefficient workflow design withinthe organization.This study aims to improve production process in a manufacturer of air operated diaphragm pumps by simulation analysis. Most efficientway of utilizing raw materials, manpower, vehicles and equipment is sought by simulation based process improvement. Discrete-event simulationsoftware (Arena) is used to detect problems in the production process such as: transportation, blockage and/or layout. Simulation isused to experiment with process improvement approaches without making changes in the real-world production system.Simulation models of the current state and the proposed future state with improvements to the layout of the production system are created.The results from the models were compared with each other and evaluations were made. The future state simulation model utilizes existingresources for process improvement, without the requirement for additional resource acquisition. Comparison of current state model and futurestate model simulation output data, suggests a 67% increase in the number of products produced per month. It is foreseen that this increasecan greatly affect the operational efficiency and future managerial decisions, and suggestions are made for future works. İmalat organizasyonlarında kaliteyi ve verimliliği etkileyen birden fazla unsur olabilir. Aynı anda meydana gelen çoklu elemanların bir sonucu olarak, nihai üretim ve kalitede kalıcı kayıplar meydana gelir. Bu sorunlar nedeniyle hem müşteri güven duygusu hem de memnuniyeti olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Kuruluşta hedeflenen kalite ve verimlilik seviyelerinin sağlanamaması müşteri memnuniyetini azaltır. Kurumdaki kalite ve verimlilik, kaynak kullanımındaki yetersizlik, üretimdeki darboğazlar ve organizasyon içindeki yetersiz iş akışı tasarımından etkilenir. Bu çalışma, simülasyonlu analizle hava ile çalışan bir diyafram pompa üreticisindeki üretim sürecini iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Simülasyona dayalı süreç iyileştirme ile hammadde, insan gücü, araç ve gereç kullanmanın en etkili yolu aranmaktadır. Kesikli olay simülasyon yazılımı (Arena), üretim sürecindeki sorunları tespit etmek için kullanılır: ulaşım, tıkanma ve / veya düzen. Simülasyon, gerçek dünya üretim sisteminde değişiklik yapmadan süreç iyileştirme yaklaşımlarını denemek için kullanılır. Üretim sisteminin düzeninde iyileştirmelerle mevcut durumun ve önerilen gelecek durumun simülasyon modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Modellerin sonuçları birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı ve değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Gelecekteki durum simülasyon modeli, ek kaynak edinme şartı olmadan, süreç iyileştirme için mevcut kaynakları kullanır. Mevcut durum modeli ve gelecekteki durum modeli simülasyonu çıktı verilerinin karşılaştırılması, ayda üretilen ürün sayısında % 67 artış olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu artışın operasyonel verimliliği ve gelecekteki yönetim kararlarını büyük ölçüde etkileyebileceği ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunacağı öngörülmektedir.