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PR, IFPRI4; DCA; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance, DGO; SAR

PR, IFPRI4; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance, SAR; DGO

PR, IFPRI5; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance, DGO; SAR, 410 pages

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance, SAR; DGO

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all, SAR, Past studies have reported serious levels of food insecurity and under-nutrition existing in the eastern belt of India. This study specifically examined the food consumption pattern, levels of nutrition intake and nutrient intake gap of sample households in 12 villages of Eastern India based on data collected during the agricultural year 2011–12. The results point to serious levels of nutrient intake deficit in the sample villages, though with notable disparities in its level of incidence. Major socio-economic and demographic variables that determine the calorie deficit status of the households were identified, the knowledge of which is important while planning interventions.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Agricultural Transformation and Market Integration (ATMI), SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), This study’s objective is to examine the factors that have driven structural transformation (ST) in the Southeast Asian (SEA) economies and the policies supporting the process. It sets the stage by evaluating the ST in each country, quantifying the contribution of “within sector” and “structural change” to overall productivity growth and estimating the turning points (TPs) to gauge the prospects of income convergence. Eight SEA countries, undergoing a steady rate of economic growth —Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand (CLMVPMIT) are chosen for analysis. We find their progress on ST to be consistent with the theory and historical patterns experienced in several developed and developing countries. However, progress is diverse across these countries and lags behind developed countries, indicating that labor is not exiting agriculture as fast as agriculture’s share of value added has been declining. The ST has decreased from 49 percent in Thailand to almost 3 percent each in Cambodia and Malaysia during 1991 to 2016. Further, the contribution of within change to productivity, which was pivotal during the 1990s in each country is rather subdued during the 2000s, thereby giving comparative primacy to structural change. A relatively higher—57 to 80 percent—contribution of structural change in Cambodia and Lao PDR, together with productivity growth, may be explained by increasing migration and trade in nonagriculture products. We also find that while Lao PDR, Thailand, and Indonesia have reached their TPs, other nations, especially the poorer ones such as Viet Nam, Myanmar, and Philippines are predicted to take at least a decade towards this goal. Empirical analysis suggests ST in CLMVPMIT is positively driven by agricultural productivity, terms of trade, and public investments in infrastructure, with little role for rural to urban migration and market integration. Large inter-sectoral productivity differentials across SEA co

PR, IFPRI3; CRP4; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies, SAR; A4NH, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

PR, IFPRI4; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; CRP7, SAR; EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; G Cross-cutting gender theme, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI5; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

PR, IFPRI4; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; CRP2; Capacity Strengthening; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The paper examines the impact of access to India’s farm science centers (Krishi Vigyan Kendras, or KVKs) on agricultural households’ welfare using household-level data from the nationally representative Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households conducted by India’s National Sample Survey Office in 2013. Employing different matching techniques and endogenous switching regression models, we find that the KVKs have a positive and statistically significant impact on agricultural households’ economic welfare, although that impact is heterogeneous. Further, the investments made in expansion of India’s network of KVKs have been quite remunerative, as the benefit-to-cost ratio of expenditure on KVKs ranges from 8 to 12. Moreover, our findings suggest that expanding rural formal credit markets and promoting literacy can maximize the potential impact of KVKs on agricultural households’ economic welfare.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP4; DCA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Agricultural Transformation and Market Integration (ATMI), SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), Over the past few decades, the agricultural sector of Southeast Asia has experienced robust growth and undergone a structural transformation albeit differentially across the countries in the region. The main aims of this paper are to understand the process of transformation and sources of growth in agriculture in the broader context of economy-wide changes in domestic and international markets, and to suggest technological, institutional and policy measures for faster, efficient and sustainable growth. Our findings show faster growth in agriculture in comparatively low-income countries, with technological change, area expansion and diversification being the main drivers. On the other hand, agricultural growth in high-income countries has been relatively slow, and driven by price increases, mainly of the export-oriented commercial crops, such as oil-palm, rubber and coconut; and also, by area expansion. In view of the fixed supply of land and high volatility in global food prices, area and price driven growth is unlikely to sustain in the long-run. For efficient, sustainable and inclusive growth, the recourse has to be with exploiting potential of (i) existing and frontier technologies, by investing more in agricultural research and extension systems, and (ii) diversification of production portfolio towards higher-value food commodities by strengthening institutions that link farmers to remunerative markets; and investing in post-harvest infrastructure for food processing.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; CRP2; CRP4; ReSAKSS Asia; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Capacity Strengthening, SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), Contract farming is emerging as an important institutional innovation in the high value food chain in developing countries including Bangladesh, and its socioeconomic implications are topic of interest in policy debates. This study is an empirical assessment to explore the determinants of participation and the impact of contract farming on welfare and adoption of food safety practice in Bangladesh. Our analysis indicates that contract farmers are more likely to have better access to agricultural extension services, attended proportionately more community meetings, households members are member of organizations, access more credit, are located farther from output market, and have larger herd sizes. We also find that network variables such as time spent with cooperatives and other institutions and price fluctuation and average prices received experience before participation in contract are strongly associated with participation in contract farming. We find that contract farming has a robust positive impact on welfare measured by expenditure, farm profit and farm productivity, and food safety practice adoption even after innovatively controlling for observed and unobserved heterogeneity among dairy farmers. More specifically results indicate that a one unit increase in the likelihood of participating in contract farming is associated with a 42, 35,34 and 9 percent increase in household expenditure, gross margin and net margin per cow, and food safety practice adoption rate respectively, among other positive impacts.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; CRP2; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Capacity Strengthening; Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP), SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), Food quality and safety have been the central issues of food economics and are considered among the most important food attributes. However, evidence of the impact of food safety consciousness on consumers' food purchasing behavior is limited. This paper studies the impact of food safety consciousness on weekly milk expenditure, milk price paid, milk quantity purchased, and the probability of purchasing milk from modern market outlets in Nepal. We conducted dairy consumer survey in four selected districts of the country and employed an instrumental variable regression and quantile instrumental variable to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effects. The results suggest that education, income, and social network are the major factors that positively influence food safety consciousness. An increase in the food safety consciousness level by 1% increases the weekly milk expenditure, milk price paid, and weekly milk purchased by 1.37%, 0.66%, and 1.27%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that an increase in food safety consciousness by 1% is associated with a 37% higher probability of selecting a modern milk outlet. At higher levels of food safety consciousness, female-headed households are significantly more likely to purchase milk from modern outlets in comparison to male-headed households. Our findings imply that increasing food safety consciousness is likely to improve food security (through more consumption of milk and other healthy food) and the welfare of smallholder dairy farmers (through increased milk demand and higher milk prices paid by consumers).

Non-PR, IFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; CRP2; Agricultural Transformation and Market Integration (ATMI), DSGD; SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), Despite the importance of Southeast Asia (SEA) region in the world for economy and agriculture, and despite reported evidence of the modernization of various aspects of the agricultural sector, the information has not been compiled in ways that provides more representative insights of the regions, as well as chronological, dynamic perspectives across different aspects of the overall agricultural developments. This report partly fills this knowledge gap by summarizing the key characteristics in SEA region of the agricultural development, as well as changes in related outcomes, such as nutrition, natural resource endowments, and the labor movement into non-farm economies. In doing so, the report gathers secondary cross-country data on key aspects of the agricultural modernization and diversification. Overall, the SEA region has seen a relatively fast movement of labor out of the agricultural sector into non-farm sectors including trade, restaurants and hotel industries in the last few decades, leading to higher labor productivity growth than land productivity growth. Despite the important roles of trade, the agricultural production within the region and in each country continues to account for important sources of food and nutrition. The modern production technologies and inputs have spread constantly within the region, but with considerable time lags across countries. The growth of vegetable oils and aquaculture production have been considerable, and contrast with South Asia (SA)where similar patterns have been observed for vegetables and milk production. The public sector has played important roles in agricultural research and development (R&D)on genetic improvements, and infrastructure development, while keeping the nominal assistance to the sector through market interventions to a relatively modest level, which has been accompanied by the significant growth of the private-sector participation in the provisions of inputs, services and agricultural finance. The agri

PR, IFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; EgyptSSP; BPRSSP, DGO; CPA; AFR; SAR; LAC; DSGD; MTID; PHND; ECAO, At the regional and country level, developments in 2018 had important repercussions for food security and nutrition. This section of the 2019 Global Food Policy Report offers perspectives on food policy developments across the major regions: Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition to events and policy changes, the growing focus on rural revitalization in many places and its potential to spark change are examined for each region.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; CRP2, DSGD; SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The frontiers of technologies have been constantly expanded in many industries around the world, including the agricultural sector. Among many “frontier technologies” in agriculture, are protected agriculture, precision agriculture, and vertical farming, all of which depart substantially from many conventional agricultural production methods. It is not yet clear how these technologies can become adoptable in developing countries, including, for example, South Asian countries like India. This paper briefly reviews the issues associated withthese three types of frontier technologies. We do so by systematically checkingthe academic articleslisted in Google Scholar, which primarily focus on these technologies in developing countries in Asia. Where appropriate, a few widely-cited overview articles for each technology were also reviewed. The findings generally reveal where performances of these technologiescan be raised potentially, based on the general trends in the literature. Where evidence is rich, some generalizable economic insights about these technologies are provided. For protected agriculture, recent research has focusedsignificantly on various features of protective structures (tunnel heights, covering materials, shading structures, frames and sizes) indicating that there are potentials for adaptive research on such structures to raise the productivity of protected agriculture. The research on protected agriculture also focuses on types of climate parameters controlled, andenergy structures, among others. For precision agriculture, recent research has focused on the spatial variability of production environments, development of efficient and suitable data management systems, efficiency of various types of image analyses and optical sensing, efficiency of sensors and related technologies, designs of precision agriculture equipment, optimal inputs and service uses, and their spatial allocations, potentials of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and nano-technologies.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; CRP4; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This paper evaluates the role of social networks in the adoption of mustard hybrids. The objectives of the paper are (i) to examine how the farmer’s adoption decision relates to the adoption choices of their network members particularly in case of hybrids; (ii) to test whether the lower-caste (Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe [SC/ST]) farmers relied more on social networks for information as compared to the higher-caste (non-SC/ST) farmers; and (iii) to explore whether social network effects are more pronounced when farmers interact within their caste as compared to outside the caste, the issue of homophily versus heterophily. The paper follows the model of social learning in Bandiera and Rasul (2006) extended by introducing the individual level covariates of network members. Further, we try to address endogeneity concerns by including village fixed effects and by analyzing the social network effects in a dynamic adoption framework. We establish evidence of endogenous effects in the adoption choices of hybrids i.e. more pronounced for the lower caste (schedule caste/tribe) vis-a-vis the higher caste. Further, network effects are stronger with homophily within the same caste.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; Capacity Strengthening; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; DCA; CRP2; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP4; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), One of the most promising strategies to boost farmers’ income in developing countries is the adoption of improved technologies, such as modern cultivars that may produce higher yields. This study aims to examine the adoption of modern cultivars in Rajasthan, one of India’s northern states. Our analysis is based on a primary survey of 1,500 farmers covering four major crops: wheat, mustard, pearl millet, and gram. The study aims to identify the farmer-level constraints in adopting modern cultivars and decomposing into the elasticity of adoption probability and the use intensity. The study also attempts to assess the role of the key characteristics of cultivars in their adoption. The authors implemented McDonald and Moffitt’s (1980) approach to decompose the overall elasticity into the elasticity of adoption probability and use intensity. To present cultivar-specific analysis, the authors modeled farmers’ decisions to adopt top cultivars accounting for concerns regarding independence of irrelevant alternative assumption in a multinomial logistics framework.

Non-PR, CRP4; IFPRI1; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The study explores the diffusion process of innovators, early adopters, and late adopters of agricultural technologies. We define innovators, early adopters, and late adopters based on the time taken to adopt improved technology in a well-defined geographic area. The paper is based on a primary survey of 866 wheat farmers conducted in the state of Rajasthan, India. The primary objective of the study is to identify the structural characteristics and information channels for farmers classified as innovators and early adopters. The secondary objective is to present a more disaggregated analysis by assessing the factors that affect the adoption of recent seed varieties. The first objective is based on binary choice modeling, and the second objective relies on the empirical formulation drawn from Besley and Case (1993) that accounts for the dynamic processes related to adoption in the cross-sectional framework.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

PR, IFPRI3; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; ISI, SAR

PR, IFPRI5, SAR

PR, IFPRI4, SAR

Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP7, SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), An estimated 1.06 million hectare of arable land in Bangladesh and 6.7 million hectares in India is affected by salinity (Rabbani 2013). Salinity intrusion adversely affects the livelihoods of farmers, especially rice cultivators and fisherfolks, vegetations, soil quality, and infrastructure in these areas (Habiba et al. 2014). The net cropped area in coastal Bangladesh has been decreasing over the last few years due to several factors and many studies have identified salinity as the chief cause for yield reduction in coastal agriculture (Baten 2015). Groundwater contamination due to saline water and similar adverse impacts on agriculture and livelihoods are also increasing in coastal India, especially in Kerala, Karnataka, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh (Naidu et al. 2013). The extent and intensity of salinity in the coming years are likely to increase due to climate change induced saltwater intrusion.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP2; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Capacity Strengthening; DCA; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), This paper attempts to quantify the benefits of contract farming (CF) on farmers’ income and investigates the determinants of participation in CF. This is based on a survey of 1,331 farmers from Maharashtra State in India engaged in onion, okra and pomegranate cultivation. The study, using 2-Stage Least Squares method and propensity score matching approach, reveals that CF ensures higher returns for smallholders to the tune of Rs 14.5 per kilogram over independent farmers. Access to institutional credit, extension services, farm size, personal ownership of transport and migration significantly affected farmers’ participation in CF. The empirical evidence of the benefits of CF for high-value export commodities should encourage government policies to promote and scale up the use of CF in India.

PR, IFPRI3; DCA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

PR, IFPRI4; DCA; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; CRP2, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Capacity Strengthening; Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP), SAR; DSGD; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), Adoptions of improved technologies and production practices are important drivers of agricultural development in low-income countries like Nepal. There are still knowledge gaps concerning what determines the adoption of different types of technologies and practices, how information about them is diffused, and what general impacts the interventions promoting them are having. In this paper we partly close the gap, using data collected for evaluations of the Knowledge-Based Integrated Sustainable Agriculture in Nepal (KISAN) project led by USAID. We find that factors important to increasing the adoption of improved technologies and practices include improved access to markets, the role of the private sector in selling improved seeds and disseminating information, membership in progressive farmers’ groups and cooperative societies, participation in agricultural training and farm visits, the provision of subsidies for seeds, and access to credit. Different factors are also found to affect the sources that farmers use for gathering information before adoption. The effects of KISAN projects vary significantly across the different crops grown, based on the evaluation models that address self-selection of both project participation and crop choices.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP4; DCA; CRP2; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; Agricultural Transformation and Market Integration (ATMI), SAR; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), In this paper, we address the question of market integration of Myanmar with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its other top trading partners. Focusing on agricultural trade, we use indicators – ‘Trade Potential’ and ‘Competition Indices’ to assess the nature and extent of the integration. This study highlights the exports of Myanmar which are competitive in the ASEAN markets and have high export potential. A higher trade potential with lower competition (value or volume) would indicate an opportunity for higher returns for agricultural producers. In the case of Myanmar, “dried legumes and beans,” “crustaceans,” “frozen fish,” “other oilseeds,” “maize,” and “preserved fruits and nuts” are identified as high-potential exports with lower competition in ASEAN markets which can be targeted for trade expansion. Finally, to demonstrate the upward movement in the value chain, possibly due to quality upgradation, we present the dynamics of the unit value of Myanmar’s agricultural exports.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; Capacity Strengthening; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR, This paper studies the high adoption of Pusa 44, a long-duration and old rice variety cultivated in Punjab, despite the availability of new short-duration varieties and the overall technological advancement of agriculture. We use farm-household data from a primary survey conducted in 2016-17. Pusa 44 yields on average 2.5 quintals higher per hectare than competing short-duration variety PR 121. It also consumes 16 percent additional water because of its longer duration. As energy for groundwater irrigation is provided tariff-free by the state, Pusa 44 farmers obtain higher net returns even though they pump additional groundwater. Consequently, they have little economic incentive to switch to new short-duration varieties. This varietal stickiness is a pressing policy issue considering the ongoing groundwater crisis in the state. We show that Punjab currently incurs an additional energy-subsidy cost of US$ 49 million per annum on irrigating Pusa 44. Future costs will continue to multiply unless farmers are incentivized to switch to short-duration rice varieties.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP2; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), This study investigates the impact of contract farming (CF) in baby corn production on yield, irrigation costs, fertilizer costs and usage of chemical fertilizer. We find that adoption of CF by baby corn smallholders, after controlling for characteristics of both control and treatment groups, leads to higher yields and lower spending on fertilizers and irrigation. Additionally, CF in baby corn farming leads to a reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers (Urea and DAP). Thus, CF intervention benefits the livelihood of smallholders, reduces environmental degradation and reduces stress on groundwater without compromising yield.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP); CRP2; Capacity Strengthening; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; IFPRI-ICAR, SAR; PIM, 26 pages, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Capacity Strengthening; IFPRI-ICAR, SAO; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), In this paper we apply duration analysis to study the factors driving the speed of adoption of a popular Basmati rice variety called Pusa 1121. We use data from a primary survey on variety adoption and crop economics conducted in 2017. The sample comprises of 1305 Basmati growing farmers from the north Indian states of Haryana and Punjab. Pusa 1121 was adopted rapidly by 60% farmers between 5 and 10 years from its release in 2005. Results from the duration analysis highlight the key role of superior quality traits of Pusa 1121 and assured market demand. Access to varietal information from extension agents also shortened farmers’ time to adoption. Moreover, we show that early adopters of Pusa 1121 positively influenced other farmers’ speed of adoption within their village network.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; Capacity Strengthening; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP), SAR; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)