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An enhanced smoothed l0-norm algorithm for the passive phased array system, which uses the covariance matrix of the received signal, is proposed in this paper. The SL0 (smoothed l0-norm) algorithm is a fast compressive-sensing-based DOA (direction-of-arrival) estimation algorithm that uses a single snapshot from the received signal. In the conventional SL0 algorithm, there are limitations in the resolution and the DOA estimation performance, since a single sample is used. If multiple snapshots are used, the conventional SL0 algorithm can improve performance in terms of the DOA estimation. In this paper, a covariance-fitting-based SL0 algorithm is proposed to further reduce the number of optimization variables when using multiple snapshots of the received signal. A cost function and a new null-space projection term of the sparse recovery for the proposed scheme are presented. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, we present the simulation results and the experimental results based on the measured data.

본 연구에서는 조선시대 한반도에서 발생한 전염병과 이상기상 및 기후변동의 상관성을 고찰하였다. 1392~1917년 기간의 전염병 및 이상기상 현상과 기후변동은 조선왕조실록 과 승정원일기 등의 문헌에 수록된 관련 기사의 시계열적인 통계분석을 통해 파악하였다. 이들에 대한 분석 결과 조선시대 한반도에서는 1511~1560년, 1641~1740년, 1781~1850년의 소빙기적 징후로 나타난 천변재이와 같은 이상기상과 기후변동이 따뜻한 겨울, 파종기 강우량 변동, 추운 봄가을을 불러오면서 당시 전염병이 발생하고 창궐하는데 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 1440년대, 1600년대, 1680년대의 극심한 가뭄(旱災)과 1410년대, 1520년대, 1660년대의 홍수(水災)와 같은 건습의 변동도 전염병 발생에 있어 유의미한 동인이었던 것으로 확인되었다.

The authors address the performance analysis of the least squares (LS) Prony method for estimating the natural frequencies of radar target in the study. Based on the perturbation theory and the Taylor series expansion, the authors get explicit expressions of the mean square error (MSE) of the LS solution, the MSE of the z-plane natural frequencies and the MSE of the s-plane natural frequencies. The validity of the derived expressions is demonstrated by comparing the analytic results with simulation results. For further validation of the results, simulation results of the GPOF method have been used for comparison.

The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) is developing the Korea space launch vehicle (KSLV)-II for a flight test in 2021, and it has already produced the test launch vehicle (TLV) for a performance test of the 75 tonf liquid engine that will be used in the KSLV-II for the first time. The TLV utilizes, with slight changes, the same parts of the KSLV-II to avoid development delays and reduce development costs. In this study, the aerodynamic coefficients are predicted through a CFD analysis of the TLV with the umbilical plate used at the beginning of its development, and the flow characteristics around the umbilical plate are analyzed. In addition, we calculate the control ratio, which is the design requirement of the control system, using the predicted aerodynamic coefficients and investigated the effect of the umbilical plate mounted on the aft body of the TLV on its longitudinal stability. This study presents the aspects to be considered in the design of the umbilical plate and control system of a low aspect ratio launch vehicle.

In this paper, we apply the Newton-type method for the optimization of cost functions for spectrum estimation-based bistatic DOD (direction of departure)/DOA (direction of arrival) estimation algorithm of the bistatic conventional beamforming and the bistatic capon beamforming algorithm in the bistatic MIMO radar system. Explicit expressions of the first derivatives and the second derivatives of the cost functions are presented. The Newton-type search for simultaneous update of the DOD/DOA based on the gradient and the Hessian of the cost function is also presented. The performance improvement in terms of estimation accuracy is demonstrated using the Monte–Carlo simulations.

The total least squares Prony method is used for estimating s-plane natural frequencies from noisy late time response. It consists of three steps: In the first step, the minimum eigenvector of a matrix, whose entries are defined from the noisy late time response, should be computed. In the second step, the roots of a polynomial, whose coefficients are the entries of the minimum eigenvector defined in the first step, are estimated. The roots in the second step are defined as z-plane natural frequencies. In the third step, s-plane natural frequencies are obtained from z-plane natural frequencies. In this paper, a rigorous derivation of the mean square error of the estimator in each step due to an additive noise in the late time response is presented: In the first step, it is shown how the minimum eigenvector of a matrix is perturbed due to an additive noise in the late time response. In the second step, it is derived how the roots of a polynomial are perturbed due to perturbation in the coefficients of the polynomial. In the third step, it is derived how the s-plane natural frequencies are perturbed due to perturbation in z-plane natural frequencies. The mean square error for the first step, the second step and the third step are presented in (26) , (36) , and (44) , respectively, and the validity of these expressions is illustrated in the results using simulated response and experimentally measured data. In conclusion, the mean square errors of the minimum eigenvector, the z plane natural frequencies, and the s plane natural frequencies for the total least squares Prony method can be obtained analytically from (26) , (36) and (44) without a computationally intensive Monte-Carlo simulation.

Background: Caucasian patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high gastric cancer (GC) may have better prognosis but worse outcomes. Objective: Here we explored the prognostic role of MSI in Asian patients. Methods: This post hoc analysis comprehended radically resected GC patients randomized to XP (capecitabine/cisplatin) or XPRT. MSI status was assessed by combining immunohistochemistry with multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The MSI prognostic effect on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Results: 393 tissue samples were analyzed and 35 (9%) were MSI-high. This subgroup was characterized by: older age, Borrmann classification 1–2, antral localization, T3–4 stage, and intestinal type. At univariable analysis, the microsatellite-stable subgroup showed a trend toward a worse prognosis as compared to the MSI-high group: 3-year DFS was 76.3 versus 85.4% (p = 0.122); 3-year OS was 81.7 versus 91.4% (p = 0.046). Multivariable analyses confirmed it in both DFS (hazard ratio, HR = 2.32 [95% CI 0.91, 5.88]; p = 0.077) and OS (HR = 3.17 [95% CI 0.97, 10.43]; p = 0.057). Conclusions: MSI-high status was associated with specific clinical-pathological features and a trend toward better outcomes of Asian GC patients.

In this paper, the performance analysis of the amplitude-comparison monopulse (ACM) algorithm under a correlated noise effect is dealt with. The noise received by a monopulse antenna is caused by various sources, such as jamming, multipath, clutter, and thermal noise. The noise variables caused by these noise sources may be correlated with each other when received by the antenna elements. We explicitly analyzed the angle estimation performance of the monopulse algorithm when a correlated noise is received by deriving the probability density function (PDF) of the channel noise variables. In this process, correlation coefficients between noise variables received by antenna elements are defined, and variance and correlation coefficients of channel noise variables are derived. The performance of the angle estimation is analyzed by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) for various variances and correlation coefficients of the received noise variables. The expectation operation required for calculating the RMSE is performed via numerical integration. Consequently, the analytically derived RMSE results show excellent agreements with the Monte Carlo simulation-based RMSE result, and it is confirmed that the RMSE decreases as the correlation coefficient between the received noise variables increases. When the SNR is high and on-axis, the RMSE decreases by 20% whenever the correlation coefficient between the reception noise variables increases by 0.2.

Direction finding has been extensively studied over the past decades and a number of algorithms have been developed. In direction finding, theoretic performance prediction is a fundamental problem. This paper addresses the performance analysis issue of interferometer-based 2D angle of arrival estimation using uniform circular array (UCA). We propose an analytic method for performance analysis of interferometer in the presence of Gaussian or uniform error in phase measurement of incident signal on each sensor. The analytic mean square error (MSE), which is approximately equal to the MSE of actual interferometer-based DOA estimation, is derived via Taylor expansion and approximation. The derived analytic MSE is useful for predicting how the MSE of the interferometer-based DOA estimation algorithm is dependent on the phase measurement error.

The cotton aphid or melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a polyphagous insect pest with a wide host range. Two distinct genetic clusters were found in A. gossypii populations in Korea. To determine whether the division of the genetic clusters was driven by insecticide selection pressure, the frequencies of insecticide resistance-associated mutations on three representative insecticide target genes [i.e., nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (nAChR), voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc), and acetylcholinesterase 1 gene (ace-1)] were predicted in A. gossypii populations with known genetic structures. Most populations revealed heterozygosity-resistant alleles for the nAChR R81T and vgsc M918L mutations, but homozygous-resistant alleles for the ace-1 S431F mutation. However, assessment of the three mutation frequencies revealed no apparent correlation between the genetic structures and the resistance profiles. The regression analysis revealed no correlation between the genetic cluster ratios and resistance allele frequencies (R81T, S431F, and M918L). We used three insecticides that are commonly used in greenhouses: imidacloprid (neonicotinoid), acephate (organophosphate), and esfenvalerate (pyrethroid), to test resistance and susceptibility in A. gossypii populations. The bioassay results revealed that the BS_19 (Busan) and JE_19 (Jeongeup) populations were resistant to imidacloprid and acephate, the HS_19 (Honseong) population was resistant to acephate and esfenvalerate, and susceptible lab strains only exhibited resistance to acephate. The bioassay results were correlated with mutation frequency, but no correlation was detected among genetic clusters. These results suggest that the distinct genetic structure observed in the Korean populations of A. gossypii is not likely influenced by insecticide resistance traits, but rather by other factors.

A long-lasting phytoplankton bloom, characterized by high chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in an eddy-like feature, was detected in MODIS satellite imagery of the northwestern Pacific following the passage of Typhoon Krosa in August 2019. Satellite datasets, Argo measurements, and regional ocean models were analyzed to determine the occurrence and abundance of high-Chl-a concentrations and the upper-ocean conditions associated with them before and after the passage of the typhoon. Remote sensing data revealed that the typhoon triggered sharp increases in surface Chl-a concentrations more than five times the pre-typhoon average, which lasted for two weeks. The elevated post-typhoon concentrations coincided with a pre-existing oceanic cyclone that was detected as an altimetry-based sea surface height anomaly. The typhoon looped around the oceanic cyclone and lingered for two days at slow speeds (less than 2 m/s), producing an unusual sea-surface cooling of up to approximately 9 &deg, C in the cyclonic eddy region. Our model successfully captured the typhoon-induced cold-core cyclonic circulation, which corresponded to the region of high Chl-a concentration. Model&ndash, data comparisons revealed that the looping motion of the slow-moving typhoon enhanced the pre-existing cyclonic circulation, resulting in strong vertical mixing and upwelling, consequently initiating a phytoplankton bloom due to increased nutrient supply to the euphotic zone.

In this paper, a compressive sensing-based data fitting direction-of-departure/direction-of-arrival (DOD/DOA) estimation algorithm is proposed to apply the superior performance of compressive sensing method to the bistatic MIMO sonar systems. The algorithm proposed in this paper optimizes the output data via convex optimization-based sparse recovery, so that it is possible to estimate the DOD and the DOA for each target accurately. In order to minimize the amount of computation, the cost function with constraint condition is implemented in this paper. Furthermore, the constraint condition parameter of the cost function is analytically derived. Through various simulations, it is shown that the superior DOD and DOA estimation performance of the proposed algorithm and that the analytical derivation of the constraint condition parameter is useful for determination of regularization parameter.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine how different threshold ranges of online-bandwidth visual feedback influence unilateral force control capabilities in healthy young women.MethodsTwenty-five right-handed young women (mean±standard deviation age = 23.6±1.5 years) participated in this study. Participants unilaterally executed hand-grip force control tasks with their dominant and non-dominant hands, respectively. Each participant completed four experimental blocks in a different order of block presentation for each hand condition: (a) 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with ±5% bandwidth threshold range (BTR), (b) 10% of MVC with ±10% BTR, (c) 40% of MVC with ±5% BTR, and (d) 40% of MVC with ±10% BTR. Outcome measures on force control capabilities included: (a) force accuracy, (b) force variability, (c) force regularity, and (d) the number of times and duration out of BTR.ResultsThe non-dominant hand showed significant improvements in force control capabilities, as indicated by higher force accuracy, less force variability, and decreased force regularity from ±10% BTR to ±5% BTR during higher targeted force level task. For both hands, the number of times and duration out of BTR increased from ±10% BTR to ±5% BTR.ConclusionsThe current findings suggested that the narrow threshold range of online-bandwidth visual feedback effectively revealed transient improvements in unilateral isometric force control capabilities during higher targeted force level tasks.

International audience; The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of the soybean plant, Glycine max, a major world-wide agricultural crop. We assembled a de novo genome sequence of Ap. glycines Biotype 1, from a culture established shortly after this species invaded North America. 20.4% of the Ap. glycines proteome is duplicated. These in-paralogs are enriched with Gene Ontology (GO) categories mostly related to apoptosis, a possible adaptation to plant chemistry and other environmental stressors. Approximately one-third of these genes show parallel duplication in other aphids. But Ap. gossypii, its closest related species, has the lowest number of these duplicated genes. An Illumina GoldenGate assay of 2380 SNPs was used to determine the world-wide population structure of Ap. Glycines. China and South Korean aphids are the closest to those in North America. China is the likely origin of other Asian aphid populations. The most distantly related aphids to those in North America are from Australia. The diversity of Ap. glycines in North America has decreased over time since its arrival. The genetic diversity of Ap. glycines North American population sampled shortly after its first detection in 2001 up to 2012 does not appear to correlate with geography. However, aphids collected on soybean Rag experimental varieties in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), and Wisconsin (WI), closer to high density Rhamnus cathartica stands, appear to have higher capacity to colonize resistant soybean plants than aphids sampled in Ohio (OH), North Dakota (ND), and South Dakota (SD). Samples from the former states have SNP alleles with high FST values and frequencies, that overlap with genes involved in iron metabolism, a crucial metabolic pathway that may be affected by the Rag-associated soybean plant response. The Ap. glycines Biotype 1 genome will provide needed information for future analyses of mechanisms of aphid virulence and pesticide resistance as well as facilitate comparative analyses between aphids with differing natural history and host plant range.

BackgroundGastric cancer is among the most lethal human malignancies. Previous studies have identified molecular aberrations that constitute dynamic biological networks and genomic complexities of gastric tumors. However, the clinical translation of molecular-guided targeted therapy is hampered by challenges. Notably, solid tumors often harbor multiple genetic alterations, complicating the development of effective treatments.MethodsTo address such challenges, we established a comprehensive dataset of molecularly annotated patient derivatives coupled with pharmacological profiles for 60 targeted agents to explore dynamic pharmacogenomic interactions in gastric cancers.ResultsWe identified lineage-specific drug sensitivities based on histopathological and molecular subclassification, including substantial sensitivities toward VEGFR and EGFR inhibition therapies in diffuse- and signet ring-type gastric tumors, respectively. We identified potential therapeutic opportunities for WNT pathway inhibitors inALK-mutant tumors, a significant association betweenPIK3CA-E542K mutation and AZD5363 response, and transcriptome expression ofRNF11as a potential predictor of response to gefitinib.ConclusionsCollectively, our results demonstrate the feasibility of drug screening combined with tumor molecular characterization to facilitate personalized therapeutic regimens for gastric tumors.

Amplitude-comparison monopulse radar in tracking radar uses the tracking scheme of a monopulse radar to estimate the angle components of a target. The performance of the amplitude comparison monopulse radar under measurement uncertainty is analysed. Measurement noises are modelled as Gaussian random variables. Taylor series expansion is adopted to get analytic expression of the mean square error (MSE). Estimation accuracy, in terms of the MSEs for estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm, is usually obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation, which can be computationally intensive especially for large number of repetitions in the Monte Carlo simulation. To get reliable MSE in the Monte Carlo simulation, the number of repetitions should be very large, which implies that there is a trade-off between reliability of the MSE and computational burden in the Monte Carlo simulation. This paper shows the performance of amplitude comparison monopulse radar by linear approximation of nonlinear equations to estimate the DOA. The performance of amplitude comparison monopulse radar is quantitatively analysed via the MSEs, and the derived expression is validated by comparing the analytic MSEs with the simulation based MSEs. In addition, it is shown in the numerical results that analytically derived MSE is much less computationally intensive in comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation-based MSE, which implies that the proposed scheme in this paper results in drastic reduction in computational complexity for evaluation of the MSE.

A new architecture for antireflection (AR) has been developed to break the trade-off between the optical transmittance and the electrical conduction impeding the performance of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films. The tapered porous nanostructure with a complex continuous refractive index effectively eliminates reflections from the interfaces between air and the TCO and TCO and the substrate. Compared to the conventional TCO film, the AR TCO film exhibited the same electrical conduction, with an average transmittance of 88.7% in the 400–800 nm range, a 10.3% increase. The new AR TCO film is expected to improve the performance of various optoelectronic devices.

The performance of the conventional beamforming for angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation algorithm under measurement uncertainty is analyzed. Gaussian random variables are used for modeling measurement noises. Analytic expression of the mean square error (MSE) is obtained via Taylor series expansion. In traditional performance analysis, estimation accuracy in terms of the MSEs is usually obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation, which is computationally intensive especially for large number of repetitions in the Monte Carlo simulation. For reliable MSE in the Monte Carlo simulation, the number of repetitions should be very large. To circumvent this problem, analytic performance analysis which is less computationally intensive than the Monte Carlo simulation-based performance analysis is proposed in this paper. After some approximations, we derive the closed form expression of the mean square error (MSE) for each incident signal. The validity of the derived expressions is shown by comparing an analytic MSE with an empirical MSEs. The Cramer–Rao bound is also used to further validate the derived analytic expression.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine how different threshold ranges of online-bandwidth visual feedback influence unilateral force control capabilities in healthy young women. Methods Twenty-five right-handed young women (mean±standard deviation age = 23.6±1.5 years) participated in this study. Participants unilaterally executed hand-grip force control tasks with their dominant and non-dominant hands, respectively. Each participant completed four experimental blocks in a different order of block presentation for each hand condition: (a) 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with ±5% bandwidth threshold range (BTR), (b) 10% of MVC with ±10% BTR, (c) 40% of MVC with ±5% BTR, and (d) 40% of MVC with ±10% BTR. Outcome measures on force control capabilities included: (a) force accuracy, (b) force variability, (c) force regularity, and (d) the number of times and duration out of BTR. Results The non-dominant hand showed significant improvements in force control capabilities, as indicated by higher force accuracy, less force variability, and decreased force regularity from ±10% BTR to ±5% BTR during higher targeted force level task. For both hands, the number of times and duration out of BTR increased from ±10% BTR to ±5% BTR. Conclusions The current findings suggested that the narrow threshold range of online-bandwidth visual feedback effectively revealed transient improvements in unilateral isometric force control capabilities during higher targeted force level tasks.

Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) is a prognostic indicator for coronary atherosclerosis that can cause a stroke or heart attack. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is widely used to calculate CACS. For asymptomatic patients, however, a CT-based screening tes is not recommended due to an unnecessary exposure to radiation and high cost. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to predict CACS from retinal fundus photographs. Our approach is non-invasive and can observe blood vessels without any side effects. Contrasted to other approaches, we can predict CACS directly using only retinal fundus photographs without the electronic health record (EHR) data. To overcome data deficiency, we train deep convolutional neural nets (CNNs) with retinal fundus images for predicting auxiliary EHR data related to CACS. In addition, we employ a task-specific augmentation method that resolves flare phenomenon typically occurred in a retinal fundus image. Our empirical results indicate that the use of auxiliary EHR data improves the CACS prediction performance by 4.2%, and flare augmentation by 2.4% on area under the ROC curve (AUC). Applying both methods results in an overall 6.2% improvement. In the light of feature extraction and inference uncertainty, our deep learning models can predict CACS using only retinal fundus images and identify individuals with a cardiovascular disease.

In this paper, a passive localization of the emitter using noisy angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements, called Brown DWLS (Distance Weighted Least Squares) algorithm, is considered. The accuracy of AOA-based localization is quantified by the mean-squared error. Various estimates of the AOA-localization algorithm have been derived (Doğançay and Hmam, 2008). Explicit expression of the location estimate of the previous study is used to get an analytic expression of the mean-squared error (MSE) of one of the various estimates. To validate the derived expression, we compare the MSE from the Monte Carlo simulation with the analytically derived MSE.

Typhoon-induced waves and surges are important when predicting potential hazards near coastal regions. In this paper, we applied a coupled modeling system for ocean–wave interaction to examine prediction capabilities for typhoon-induced waves and surges around the Korean Peninsula. To identify how ocean–wave coupling impacts wave and surge simulations during typhoon conditions, a set of comparative experiments was performed during Typhoon Bolaven (2012): (1) a fully coupled ocean–wave model, (2) a one-way coupled ocean–wave model without surface current feedback and ocean-to-wave water levels, and (3) a stand-alone ocean model without considering wave-based sea surface roughness (SSR). When coupled with the ocean model, the surface current reduced significantly the wave height on the right-hand side of the advancing typhoon track and improved prediction accuracy along the southern coast of Korea. Compared with the observed surge levels, the simulated surge height yielded improved results for peak height magnitude and timing compared with the uncoupled model. For wave-to-surge feedback, we found that wave-induced SSR plays an important role by modulating wind stress in the surface layer. The modulated wind stress directly affected the surge height, which improved surge peak prediction during the typhoon.

In this study the seismic performances of axi-symmetric steel building structures with circular plan shape were evaluated based on the ATC-63 approach. For analysis models, thirty-three-story vertically convex, concave, and gourd-type axi-symmetric buildings were designed using diagrid structure system, and their seismic performances were compared with those of the cylinder type regular steel structure. Seismic fragility analyses were carried out using twenty-two pairs of earthquake records to obtain the probability of failure for a given earthquake intensity. The validity of the response modification factor used in the seismic design of the model structures was also investigated. Based on the analysis results it was concluded that the response modification factor of 3.0 used in the design of the model structures is acceptable for the ATC-63 methodology. It was also observed that the seismic safety margin for a specific level of earthquake decreases as the vertical irregularity of the structure increases.

In this study, we evaluate the performance of the recently developed incremental strong constraint 4-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation applied to the Yellow Sea (YS) using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Two assimilation experiments are compared: assimilating remote-sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and both the SST and in-situ profiles measured by shipboard CTD casts into a regional ocean modeling from January to December of 2011. By comparing the two assimilation experiments against a free-run without data assimilation, we investigate how the assimilation affects the hydrographic structures in the YS. Results indicate that the SST assimilation notably improves the model behavior at the surface when compared to the non-assimilative free-run. The SST assimilation also has an impact on the subsurface water structure in the eastern YS; however, the improvement is seasonally dependent, that is, the correction becomes more effective in winter than in summer. This is due to a strong stratification in summer that prevents the assimilation of SST from affecting the subsurface temperature. A significant improvement to the subsurface temperature is made when the in-situ profiles of temperature and salinity are assimilated, forming a tongue-shaped YS bottom cold water from the YS toward the southwestern seas of Jeju Island.

이 논문에서는 프로이트(Sigmund Freud)와 멜라니 클라인(Melanie Klein)의 대상관계 이론을 중심으로 연상호 감독의 〈부산행〉과 〈서울역〉 속의 좀비를 분석하였다. 정신내적(intrapsychic) 관점에서 구강-가학성, 시기심, 죽음 욕동 등의 정신분석 개념을 사용하여 좀비의 무의식적 의미를 탐구했다. 첫째, 영화 속에 묘사된 좀비와 좀비로 변하는 인물들에게 가학성, 탐욕, 시기심의 특징들이 발견되었으며 이는 멜라니 클라인의 편집-분열적 자리(paranoid-schizoid position)의 특징들과 일치했다. 둘째, 프로이트의 죽음 욕동과 반복 강박의 개념을 통해 ‘죽지 않은(undead)’ 좀비의 의미를 분석했다. 셋째, 프로이트의 꿈 이론을 사용하여 물려야만 전염되는 영화의 설정은, 무의식적 수준에서는 이미 모두가 좀비 바이러스에 전염되었다는 것으로 해석을 했다. 또한 우리에게 좀비 몹이라는 집단에 속하고 싶은 소원이 있으며 이는 초기 융합의 상태로 회귀하고 싶은 것으로 해석되었다. 이어서 좀비 영화의 등장 및 흥행과 현대 한국인의 무의식에 대한 몇 가지 가설을 제시했다. 현대 사회에서 구강성애와 반복 강박으로 대표되는 미성숙한 정신기능의 수준으로 퇴행하려는 경향성을 발견할 수 있었고 이는 그만큼 현실이 각박하다는 것을 시사했다. 마지막으로 통합과 애도라는 우울적 자리의 과업들이 완성되면 좀비 바이러스에 대한 면역체가 생길 수 있다고 추론했다. 이 논문의 목표는 다양한 이론적 접근들을 통해 정신분석적 영화비평의 발달에 기여하는 것이다.

Gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs) are recognized as promising candidates to reduce problems due to quantum effects in conventional nano-transistors. In this study we investigate whether structural modification of SNWTs leads to improved performance. A model calculation for a transistor with a channel length of several nanometers requires a quantum transport simulator, and we use a Wigner transport equation (WTE) discretized by a third-order upwind differential scheme (TDS) suggested by Yamada et al. (2009) for quantum transport simulations of gate-all-around silicon-shell nanowire transistors (SSNWTs), core gate SSNWTs (CG-SSNWTs), and independent CG-SSNWTs (ICG-SSNWTs). A WTE discretized by the TDS is known to produce highly accurate results. The SSNWT has a structure in which an insulator cylinder is inserted into the center axis of the SNWT, and the CG-SSNWT has a structure in which a core gate is inserted into the center axis of the SSNWT. The calculations show that the performances of the SSNWTs are improved by introducing the Si-shell structure and the core gate. The ICG-SSNWTs are identical in structure to the CG-SSNWTs, but the outer and core gates are independently biased. The calculations for the ICG-SSNWTs show that the threshold voltage can be controlled using the difference between the core and outer gate voltages.