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The article was substantiated features of the activities of joint stock companies (JSCs), the theoretical and economic foundations of financing JSCs through shares, was analyzed the current state of financing JSCs through shares in the Republic of Uzbekistan, was described the priority directions of financing JSCs through shares, also developed scientific and practical conclusions andproposals

Currently, questions about digitalization, namely the digital transformation of the fuel and energy complex, are often raised in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic lies in the importance and necessity of introducing digital tools in the oil and gas industry. The arguments, substantiating the effects of digital transformation in the oil and gas complex are presented. The interpretation of the digital transformation of the Russian fuel and energy complex is given. The statistical data of the Ministry of Energy on the assessment of the total effect of digital transformation by 2035 are presented. The influence of digital technologies is analysed on the example of the oil and gas company Public Joint Stock Company “Lukoil”. The necessity of the National Infrastructure Investment Project, the importance of creating a center for hard-to-recover reserves and the introduction of an intelligent field are shown.

The publication is aimed at clarifying the essence of corporate management, studying the peculiarities of the formation of the corporate sector in Ukraine, researching existing problems and outlining promising ways for the development of the corporate management system. The author considers approaches to defining the concept of «corporate management». The article clarifies the role of the corporate management system in the national economy and the peculiarities of the formation of the corporate sector in our country, the basis of which is the inefficient structure of shareholders’ property, the presence of a large number of shares owned by the State and the need to solve the problem of managing the State-owned corporate rights, as well as a powerful tax burden. On the basis of the considered peculiarities of two corporate management systems: insider, in which the property is concentrated in the hands of several persons who own significant shares of corporate property, and outsider, in which joint-stock ownership is sufficiently dispersed, the Ukrainian model of corporate management is substantiated, which at the present stadium is at the stage of its formation and combines elements of both the first and second systems. It is emphasized that, despite the significant problems of modern corporations, they are able to ensure the highest production efficiency, which can be an impetus for the economic progress of our country. Concrete measures have been proposed to improve the functioning of the corporate sector of the Ukrainian economy, in particular: effective regulatory framework; bringing the internal provisions in force at the level of joint stock companies in accordance with the norms of the current legislation; increasing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian stock market; transformation of the State as the owner of shares into an effective shareholder through the creation of a proper system of the State regulation of the capital market; unshadowing of the corporate sector in order to improve the information disclosure procedure; improvement of the organizational and management structure of joint stock companies through a clear distribution of power, responsibility and accountability; optimization of dividend policy; effective management of corporations; improving the level of corporate culture; formation of an effective corporate control system.

The article is aimed at defining the conceptual principles for the development of a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies (JSC) in Ukraine, which will contribute to increasing the level of capitalization and security of both listing companies and the stock market as a whole. The theoretical and methodological basis are fundamental provisions of both economic and institutional theory, security theory, system analysis using such general scientific methods of cognition of economic phenomena and processes as theoretical generalization, synthesis, induction, and deduction. The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of conceptual principles of the system of ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies in Ukraine. In order to research the implementation of the State’s approaches to ensuring the national financial security and the capital markets development, strategic documents in Ukraine were analyzed and an inconsistency between target indicators and formulations of strategic goals were determined. A complex of hypotheses is formed and proved, approaches and principles of the conception of forming a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies are substantiated, taking into account the peculiarities of the State regulation of the financial security sphere. The developed conception is based on a new scientific approach to searching ways to improve the financial security system of joint stock companies in Ukraine. It can be concluded that implementation of the proposed conceptual bases will allow the achievement of the expected results, strengthen the financial security of JSC, make them more resistant against system crises, and create a stable basis for their long-term development.

The article proposes an effective mechanism for managing the renewal of fixed assets of textile industry enterprises, taking into account the industry features of the production of digital textiles on the basis of an information and analytical platform.The theoretical and methodological foundations of the system approach have been tested on the processes of managing the renewal of fixed assets and their financing in Public Joint Stock Company “Mogotex”. The innovation and investment project for the renovation of finishing production is based on the results of an analytical study, reasonable parameters and criteria, which makes it possible to create the framework of Industry 4.0 and the basis for industrial scientific and technological integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept, essence, structure and types of corporate relations in joint-stock companies in the Russian Federation. The authors note that joint-stock companies are the most important type of corporate organizations, which account for a significant share of the country's gross domestic product.

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of retaining young specialists at the enterprises of the Russian mining industry. It defines the importance of such an important area of work of personnel management services, as primary adaptation, for the successful solution of this problem. The complex content of adaptation programs for young specialists is revealed and the main strategies for their retention in modern conditions are outlined. At the theoretical level of consideration of the problem, general scientific research methods were used, as well as specific sociological analysis and content analysis of the works of leading Russian scientists in the field of personnel management. The applied significance of the article is to describe the practical work of the personnel management services of the Joint Stock Company ALROSA to retain young specialists at the mining industry enterprises.

The aim of the research is to analyses and, using analogy, to examine exhaustively the areas of legal uncertainty in the mechanism of social capital formation of commercial entities, while at the same time checking the coherence of the statutory analogy and the analogy in law as a universal means of protecting and combating gaps in the business sphere. A combination of general logical methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and generalization, characteristic of works dealing with civil law, were applied. At the same time, the analogy method was used as a research tool and as a research tool. The conclusions of the work include the identification of specific gaps in the legal regulation of the procedure, methods, and terms of payment of share capital, the identification of ways to overcome these gaps casually and the formulation of proposals for the legislative updating of the regulatory structure of the share capital of commercial companies.

The article discusses systems for the comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of corporations, which allow linking various financial, production, personnel and other characteristics of corporations activities in a single coordinate system. KEY WORDS: Corporation, finance, production, personnel issues, descriptions of corporations, coordinates.

The research aims to define the roles that the internal audit activity can play in Egyptian business enterprises to confront the crisis of the spread of the Corona virus (Covid-19), and discover the challenges that the internal auditors may face while performing their work during the period of the epidemic. The research also aims to study the factors that should be taken into consideration when preparing and implementing the internal audit plan and reporting on the audit findings during the Corona virus (COVID-19) crisis, in addition to suggesting an alternative approach to facilitate the performance of internal audit tasks efficiently during this period, which is the remote auditing approach. To achieve these goals, the research relied on using the positive approach through the use of the deductive approach to analyze previous studies related to the research topic and derive the research hypotheses, in addition to using the inductive approach to test the validity of the research hypotheses in the real practice in the Egyptian business environment. This was done through a field study conducted on a sample of 95 individuals, which included three categories: the academics represented by the professors of accounting and auditing in the faculties of commerce in Egyptian universities, in addition to the members of the audit committees and the internal auditors of some joint stock companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. Statistical tests were used commensurate with the nature of the data collected. And based on the results of the statistical hypothesis test, the first hypothesis was accepted, which states that there is agreement between the study sample groups about the importance of the roles that the internal audit activity can play in business enterprises to confront the crisis of the Corona virus (Covid-19). Also, the second hypothesis was accepted , Which states that there is agreement between the study sample groups about the challenges that may face the internal auditors during the Corona virus (Covid-19) pandemic, as well as the third hypothesis which states that there is agreement between the study sample groups about the factors that should be considered when preparing and implementing the internal audit plan and reporting on the audit results during the Corona virus (Covid-19) crisis. Also, based on the results of the field study, it becomes clear the importance of developing the method of performing the internal audit activity during the Corona pandemic crisis, through applying modern audit methods, such as the remote audit approach, which relies on using information and communication technology to perform internal audit tasks efficiently , which enables the internal audit activity to provide the roles assigned to it and meet the needs of stakeholders , and overcome the challenges facing the internal auditors during the period of the epidemic on the other hand.

Introduction: in the paper, the authors highlight the problems of having “dead souls” or “lost” shareholders in a joint-stock company. The ways of their solution are analyzed. The purpose is to consider the advantages and disadvantages of “dead souls” in a joint-stock company. The question is raised about the need to modernize the legislation to solve this problem. Using the methods of scientific cognition, the authors analyzed the legal essence and legal consequences of the presence of “dead souls” (deceased shareholders) in the activities of joint-stock companies in order to identify the areas for improving the legislation in the field of regulating “dead souls” in a joint-stock company. Results: currently, joint-stock companies have difficulties with missing participants in the register, referred to as “dead souls”. This may cause significant losses to the joint-stock company and negatively affect the continuation of its activities. Conclusions: the majority of joint-stock companies that have previously fulfilled the obligation to maintain their own register do not now have the ability to control the personal data of shareholders and their participants. As a result, in this country, most joint-stock companies have difficulties with the presence of a general quorum at the general meetings of shareholders (50% + 1 share).

The article explores the problematic aspects of joint stock company liquidation. The essence and types of liquidation of joint stock companies have been analysed. The distinctive features of voluntary, compulsory and enforced liquidation of joint stock companies, as well as the liquidation of a bankrupt joint stock company and the liquidation on the basis of the law have been determined. The elements of the legal composition constituting the basis for the termination of joint stock companies by voluntary liquidation have been investigated. The complexity of the procedure of voluntary liquidation has been established. The expediency of introducing a simplified mechanism of voluntary liquidation has been substantiated. The main factors that hinder the liquidation of joint stock companies in Ukraine in the current context have been identified. The main problems of terminating joint stock companies through forced liquidation and the reasons for their emergence have been revealed. The main obstacles to compulsory liquidation of joint stock companies by judicial and administrative procedure have been elucidated. It has been ascertained that the current Ukrainian legislation on liquidation is still in its formative stage, characterized by inconsistencies, internal contradictions and fails to solve the main problem – a civilized exit of business entities, including joint stock companies, from the sphere of economic relations. Special emphasis is placed on researching the prospects for the development of legal regulation of relations connected with the liquidation of joint stock companies in the context of solving the revealed issues. It has been proposed as a priority step to address the problems of liquidation of joint stock companies by ensuring an adequate level of legal and regulatory regulation of the relations to terminate such organisations through liquidation. It has been reasoned that further research should be conducted into specific recommendations for solving the problems of JSC liquidation in order to consider them in the preparation of Draft No. 2493 for the second reading in the Supreme Council of Ukraine, as well as the systematisation of general rules on voluntary and compulsory liquidation in the Civil Code of Ukraine.

Pripajanje dioničkih društava temeljna je, a vjerojatno i najčešća statusna promjena kroz koju prolaze dionička društva. U ovom radu pripajanje se obrađuje s gledišta njegovih pravnih učinaka. Cilj je detaljno opisati, iz pravnog aspekta, sve radnje potrebne za uspješno provođenje statusne promjene pripajanja, počevši s neobveznim predradnjama poput dubinskog snimanja, pa sve do završetka pripajanja, njegova upisa u sudski registar i prestanka postojanja pripojenog društva. Na određenim dijelovima rada ukazuje se na potencijalno problematična zakonska rješenja, odnosno racionalizira se intencija zakonodavca prilikom pravnog uređenja pripajanja kao statusne promjene. Rad se dotiče i pojedinih oblika transakcija koje omogućuju postizanje učinaka pripajanja, bez da se formalnopravno pripajanje stvarno provodi., The merger of joint-stock companies is a fundamental and likely the most common statutory change which joint-stock companies go through. In this thesis, merger is treated from the point of view of its legal effects. The intended goal is to describe in detail, from a legal point of view, all the actions necessary for the successful implementation of this statutory change, starting with optional preliminary actions such as due diligence, and finishing with completion of the merger, its registration with the court registry and termination of existence of the merged company. In certain parts of the thesis, potentially problematic legal solutions are challenged, or the intention of the legislator’s regulation of mergers as statutory changes is explained in-depth. The thesis also touches on certain transactions and reorganizations that enables the legal effects of mergers to be achieved, without the formal legal merger actually being carried out.

U radu izlažem temeljne razlike između glavne skupštine dioničkog društva te skupštine društva s ograničenom odgovornošću. Nakon uvodnog dijela u kojem pojašnjavam problematiku teme, rad je podijeljen na poglavlja u kojima usporednim pregledom oba organa izlažem glavne razlike između istih. Pregled razlika započinje komparativnom analizom zakonskog teksta o nadležnosti oba organa. U tom dijelu obrađujem paralelno Zakon o trgovačkim društvima, praksu sudova te knjige profesora Barbića, kako bih pristupio analizi sa što većim opsegom informacija, a u službi toga da kasniji deduktivni zaključak bude što precizniji. Nastavno, analiziram proces sazivanja oba organa te sve popratne radnje koje se uz sazivanje vežu. Tu prednjače razlozi sazivanja, vrijeme sazivanja te ovlast za sazivanje skupštine, dok se za dobivanje konačnih rezultata osvrćem i na rokove te dnevni red saziva glavne skupštine, odnosno skupštine. Nadalje, predstavljam ulogu predsjednika glavne skupštine, odnosno predsjedatelja skupštine. Analiziram i uspoređujem te dvije bitne uloge za funkcioniranje ovih organa te njihovu povezanost i razlike. Prije završnog dijela, rezerviranog za zaključak i konačni rezultat ovog rada, osvrćem se na odluke koje glavna skupština, odnosno skupština donosi. Tu je bitno vidjeti kako dolazi do donošenja odluka pa u radu analiziram sve aspekte tog procesa, od predlaganja odluka pa sve do glasovanja i konačno donošenja. Rad je zamišljen kao komparativna analiza, što znači da ću usporedbu glavne skupštine i skupštine raditi naizmjenično i neposredno kroz određena poglavlja, tako da na pod istim podnaslovom objasnim njihove ključne razlike, a tek onda prelazim na idući dio rada, pa sam ga tako pokušao i koncipirati. Ne preporučam učenje ili pripremu za određeni kolegij ili dio kolegija isključivo na temelju ovog rada, prvenstveno zbog kompleksnosti materije, ali se nadam da će osobi koja vlada istom dobro doći kao podsjetnik te širenje vidika zadane teme, pogotovo kod razumijevanja prava društava., In this paper I expose the fundamental differences between the general shareholders meeting of the joint stock company and the congregation of a limited liability company. After an introductory part explaining the topic, work is divided into chapters where simultaneous examination of both organs expose the main differences between them. The review of the differences shall be initiated by a comparative analysis of the legal text on the competence of both organs. In that regard, I am working in parallel to the Commercial Society Act, the practice of courts, and the book by Professor Barbić, in order to approach the analysis with as much information as possible and in the ministry that the later deductive conclusion is as precise as possible. Further, I analyse the process of convening both organs and all the accompanying actions that bind together. There are the reasons for the convening, the time of the convening, and the authority to convene the congregation, with the final results looking over and the time limits and the agenda shall be called by the general congregations or congregations. In addition, I present the role of the president of the general meeting, or the chairman of the congregation. I analyse and compare these two essential roles for the functioning of these organs and their relationship and the difference. Before the final part, reserved for the conclusion and the final result of this work, I refer to decisions that the general assembly, or congregation, brings. It is important to see how it comes to decision-making, so I analyse all aspects of this process, from proposing decisions and until voting and final adoption. The work is designed as a comparative analysis, which means that I will make the comparison between the general meeting and the congregation alternately and directly through certain chapters, so that under the same subheading I explain their key differences, and then I move on to the next part of the work, so I tried to counter it. I do not recommend teaching or preparation for a particular course or part of the college solely on the basis of this work, primarily because of the complexity of matter, but I hope that the person who rules the same good will come as a reminder and broaden the horizons of a given subject, especially in understanding the rights of societies.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role and significance of dividend policy in the financial management system of joint-stock companies, describes the theory of calculating dividends, approaches to the formation of dividend policy and the basic principles of dividend policy.

Aim. The study of the breed and productive qualities of Kalmyk Bactrian camels in the Kirovsky Research Center of the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and Methods. The main studies were carried out on producing servicing borax and camelomatki. Camels were kept, year-round feeding with concentrated feeds was carried out on the pasture in winter, the young animals were also fed. The analysis of zootechnical accounting was carried out using the materials of the annual appraisal of breeding animals of the Kalmyk Bactrian breed. Comparison of servicing borax and camelomatki of the Kalmyk breed was carried out taking into account a visual assessment, taking measurements according to the existing classical zootechnical methods. The assessment of the growth rate of animals was carried out on the basis of indicators of live weight. Wool productivity is determined by the haircut. Results. Based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that the number of Kalmyk Bactrian camels currently in the Kirovsky Autonomous Area of the Republic of Kalmykia is 380 heads, including 290 heads of camels. The analysis of structural changes in the herd and class composition showed that according to the class composition, the specific weight of elite class camels was 62.3%, class I – 37.7%. The hair cut ranges from 3800 g to 6500 g in males and from 3600 to 6200 g in females. Conclusion. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the entire herd of camels of the Kalmyk breed of the NAO PZ “Kirovsky” is purebred. The study of the class composition of the herd indicates the high breeding qualities of the bred camels. The data of wool productivity indicate a high quality and quantity of wool.

The corporate governance as a regulatory system has started a journey towards independence for a while, and sooner or later it will turn into a self-standing field of science. This process is facilitated not only by its transdisciplinary nature, which combines legal science with economic science, within the civil law, the corporate law, business economics, management and organizational science, but also, in the case of state-owned companies, with public administration and proceedings law. The timeliness of the topic is illustrated by the prolonged transition to market economy following the 1989 regime change, the controversial application of company law, the scandals around certain privatization processes, the bankruptcy of many important state-owned enterprises, all of these bringing about a willingness to establish a regulatory framework. Taking into consideration the above short presentation, the subject of our analysis is very complex; this article intends to limit the examination to the Bucharest Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Code, investigating it in comparison to the provisions of the Romanian legal system. At the same time, it sets as an objective to make use of a concrete example (the most important Romanian state-owned joint stock company listed at the Bucharest Stock Exchange), Romgaz, in order to present the reader the ways and circumstances of the implementation of the general principles and provisions to comply with , as included in the Code.

As fast growth of Vietnam banks going with risk policies, We categorize listed banks on Vietnam stock exchange into 2 groups: Previous SOEs banks (including Vietcombank and Vietinbank) and Previous Private banks (including SHB, EIB and ACB). Authors then use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods. The research findings tell us that In groups of banks (SOEs previously) VCB and CTG we find out: G and Risk free rate (Rf) have higher impacts on beta CAPM, for internal factors. While In groups of joint stock banks (private banks) SHB, ACB and EIB we figure out: exchange rate and SP500 have higher impacts on beta CAPM, for external factors. Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing socio-economic roles of Vietnam banks in future and give out directions or implications for socio-economic policies.

By classifying period 2011-2020 into 2 stages: pre-low (L) inflation stage (2011-2015) and post-low inflation stage (2015-2020), we can compare market risk in total 7 listed big banks in Vietnam including: Previous SOEs banks (including VCB and CTG) and Previous Private banks (including STB, SHB, NVB, EIB and ACB). Authors then use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods, esp. Authors use comparison methods for analyzing and evaluating beta CAPM (Stand for market risk) of banks in 2 special stages. The research findings tell us that In groups of banks (SOEs previously) VCB and CTG we find out: beta mean GAP of CTG higher than beta mean GAP of VCB case (0.24 > 0.19), and GAP of beta mean is positive in this case for both periods. In groups of joint stock banks (private banks) SHB, STB, NVB, ACB and EIB we figure out: beta mean GAP of STB is the highest (0.68) while only 1 case SHB, in which beta mean GAP is negative (-0.26). Besides, this study also give out recommendations for risk policy implications for bank system and for the country.

Tiền gửi tiết kiệm đóng góp một phần quan trọng trong hoạt động ngân hàng, là hoạt động kinh doanh cơ bản của ngân hàng thương mại và là một trong những nền tảng cốt lõi để phát triển của ngân hàng. Đây cũng là cơ sở để tạo đầu ra cho hoạt động tín dụng và các hoạt động ngân hàng khác. Mục tiêu chính của nghiên cứu này nhằm xem xét mối quan hệ giữa các nhân tố tác động đến quyết định gửi tiết kiệm của khách hàng cá nhân tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Á Châu chi nhánh Thái Nguyên và đề xuất một số kiến nghị nhằm nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ tại ngân hàng này. Dữ liệu khảo sát thu thập từ 200 khách hàng cá nhân được phân tích để cung cấp bằng chứng. Nghiên cứu cũng sử dụng phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá để đánh giá độ tin cậy cho thang đo của các biến được đo lường. Kết quả cho thấy 5 biến số bao gồm thương hiệu ngân hàng, chính sách lãi suất, niềm tin của người có ảnh hưởng (bạn bè, gia đình, người thân), sự ưu đãi, kiến thức và thái độ của nhân viên có tác động đáng kể đến quyết định tiết kiệm của khách hàng cá nhân tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Á Châu. Nghiên cứu này đưa ra những khuyến nghị về cách tăng cường các biến số này để duy trì và thu hút quyết định gửi tiền tiết kiệm của khách hàng cá nhân.

Ô nhiễm nguồn nước đã và đang là vấn đề nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của cộng đồng và xã hội. Điều tra, khảo sát, thu thập dữ liệu về nguồn nước thải sau khai thác của mỏ than hiện nay là vấn đề cấp thiết, được các nhà khoa học và quản lý quan tâm. Mục tiêu bài báo đánh giá hiện trạng chất lượng nước thải của công ty cổ phần than VINACOMIN Hà Lầm, Quảng Ninh bằng màng lọc ultra filtration. Điều tra được thực hiện trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 5 năm 2020 đến tháng 12 năm 2020, vào cuối mùa khô và giữa mùa mưa, tập trung nghiên cứu về nước thải phát sinh từ quá trình khai thác, sản xuất và chế biến than tại các khu vực của Công ty. Qua nghiên cứu cho thấy nước thải hầm lò của công ty có mức độ ô nhiễm tương tự như phần lớn nước thải khai thác hầm lò. Qua hệ thống màng lọc sau xử lý, nước thải ra môi trường đạt tiêu chuẩn cho phép theo cột B QCVN 40:2015/BTNMT về nước thải công nghiệp; các giá trị như pH, tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), các kim loại và kim loại nặng như Fe, Mn,... đều nằm trong ngưỡng cho phép và được phép thải ra ngoài môi trường.

On the basis of a wide base of sources, the article highlights and analyzes the development of research work of aircraft engine companies in Zaporizhzhia during the 1970s. The existence of a single system of functioning of the Zaporizhzhia production association “Motorobudivnyk” (now the Public Joint Stock Company “Motor Sich”) and the Zaporizhzhia Machine-Building Design Bureau “Progress” (now the State Enterprise “Ivchenko – Progress”) is taken into account. The directions of research work that were peculiar to the specified period are established. These were inventive activities, development of technological processes, increasing the reliability and durability of gas turbine engines, automation and mechanization of production, cooperation with industry firms in other countries, and cooperation with research institutions. The development of a scientific-theoretical and technical basis for the production of aircraft engines is comprehensively assessed. Its dependence on structural subdivisions, which at the aircraft engine enterprises were the department of scientific and technical information, the Information and Computing Center, the department of patenting, innovation and invention of the plant, was determined. They were engaged in the accumulation, generalization and dissemination among specialists of their own and borrowed experience of both past and present. The activity of the scientific and technical council, which included leading specialists of Zaporizhia aircraft engine companies, was monitored. Factors that contributed to the revival of research in the second half of the 1970’s were identified. Among them, the leading place belongs to the creation and production of D-36 and D-18T aircraft engines. The design advantages of these engines are described. Some shortcomings and miscalculations made during their design are taken into account. Methods and measures aimed at overcoming the difficulties associated with the design, manufacture, operation and repair of aircraft engines are summarized. The research is based on the following methods: actualization, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, multifactor analysis, principles of historicism and objectivity.

مفهوم الاکتتاب في الشرکات الوقفية وأقسامها آلاء بنت أحمد بن عقيل الطيار. قسم الفقه وأصوله ، کلية التربية ، جامعة الملک سعود، المملکة العربية السعودية . البريد الإلکتروني : alaa.t_7@hotmail.com ملخص البحث : يقوم البحث على دراسة مفهوم الاکتتاب في الشرکات الوقفية، وأقسام الشرکة الوقفية, من ناحية التعريف بالاکتتاب لغة واصطلاحا ثم شرح التعريف المختار, ودراسة التعريفات الواردة في الشرکة الوقفية مع نقدها وتنقيحها ثم صياغة التعريف اصطلاحا بما يتناسب مع الشرکة الوقفية في العصر الحديث, وبيان شروط الشرکة الوقفية وأنواعهما, وبيان تفاصيل الأنواع والصور المتوافقة مع مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية في الوقف. أن التعريف الأدق للاکتتاب لغة هو: إعلان الرغبة في الحصول على بعض أسهم شرکة بعد تأسيسها، أو الحصول على بعض سنداتها؛ لأنه ذکر خطوات الاکتتاب صراحة، وهي إعلان الرغبة ثم الحصول على بعض الأسهم، إلا أن کل هذه التعريفات تشتمل أسس الاکتتاب المعاصر، وهي:إعلان الشرکة طرح أسهمها، کتابة أو تسجيل المکتتب في هذه الشرکة. دفع مبلغ معين في مقابل الحصول على جزء من أسهم هذه الشرکة. أن الاکتتاب في الاصطلاح دعوة توجهها شرکة مساهمة إلى أشخاص غير محددين؛ لزيادة رأس المال، بحيث يدفع الشخص مبلغا، فتعطيه الشرکة ما يقابله سهما قابلا للتداول بمقدار معين، ويکتسب بمقتضاه صفة الشريک. يمکن تعريف الشرکة الوقفية بأنها: «ملکية وقف أو أکثر لرأس مال شرکة تجارية، تستهدف الربح، وفقا للأنظمة التجارية والشرعية الخاصة بالوقف»؛ لأن الشرکة الوقفية تهدف إلى تحقيق الربح، کما تسعى لاستخدام أرباحها في المصارف الوقفية، فهي مرتبطة بالشرکات الربحية من جانب ممارسة الأنشطة التجارية، ومرتبطة بجانب غير ربحي؛ وهو صرف العوائد على مصارف وقفية. يمکن تقسيم الشرکة الوقفية إلى قسمين: شرکة کل أصولها من الأوقاف، وهي مدار حديث المتأخرين ، شرکة بعض أصولها وقفية والبعض الآخر ملک شخصي . الکلمات المفتاحية : مفهوم الاکتتاب ، الشرکة الوقفية ، أنواع الشرکة الوقفية ، أقسام الشرکة الوقفية . Meanings of The IPO of endowment companies Alaa bint Ahmed bin Aqeel Al-Tayyar Department of Jurisprudence and its Foundations, College of Education, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. E-mail : alaa.t_7@hotmail.com Abstract: The research is based on studying the issues of IPO for endowment companies، in terms of defining the underwriting and the endowment company، jurisprudential adaptation، types and the study of endowment companies . The most accurate definition of subscription language is: declaring the desire to acquire some shares of a company after its incorporation, or to obtain some of its bonds; Because he explicitly mentioned the steps of subscribing, which is the declaration of desire and then acquiring some shares. However, all these definitions include the foundations of contemporary subscription, which are:The company's announcement of the offering of its shares.Writing or registering the subscriber in this company.Paying a certain amount in exchange for a portion of the shares of this company. In the terminology, subscription is an invitation addressed by a joint stock company to unspecified persons. To increase the capital, so that the person pays an amount, so the company gives him the equivalent of a tradable share of a certain amount, according to which he acquires the status of a partner. An endowment company can be defined as: “One or more endowment ownership of the capital of a commercial company, aimed at profit, in accordance with the commercial and legal regulations of the endowment.” Because the endowment company aims to achieve profit, and it also seeks to use its profits in endowment banks, as it is linked to profit-making companies through the practice of commercial activities, and is linked to a non-profit aspect; It is the disbursement of proceeds to endowment banks. The endowment company can be divided into two parts: A company whose origins are all endowments, and it is the discourse of the latecomers A company, some of its assets are endowments and others are personal property key words: Meanings of The IPO , Endowment Company, Types Of Endowment Company , Divisions Of The Endowment Company.

In this article, the application of the policy for managing the risk of insolvency is relevant, methodological approaches to the development of a digital model for analyzing and assessing the risk of insolvency are considered, which is focused on the universal concept of liquidity management for a machine-building company, taking into account the following algorithm: the principle of effective management of the structure of working capital; the principle of efficient use of financial resources; the principle of restoring solvency; the principle of effective management of borrowed funds and the principle of effective use of labor resources.

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze phamacies’ satisfaction and factors affecting pharmacies’ satisfaction to the medicine supply service of Pymepharco Joint Stock Company in Ho Chi Minh city, in 2020. Methods: Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was employed at 200 pharmacies in 2020. This study proposes a conceptual framework of pharmacies’ satisfaction. The scale’s reliability is assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) model. Therefore, pharmacies’ satisfaction is evaluated by the multiple linear regression model. Main findings: The scale is built with 6 factors, including Product (5 items), Employee service capacity (6 items), Price and Payment (4 items), Response (9 items), Confidence (4 items) and Satisfaction (2 items). When calculating the Crobach’s Alpha with 30 items, Cronbach’s Alpha was from 0.769 to 0.904 for reliability. After applying EFA, all factors are required, of which Eigenvalue of independent element was 1,034 > 1 and Eigenvalue of dependent element was 1,825 > 1. After the linear regression analysis variability, there are 4 crucial factors affecting pharmacies’ satisfaction to the medicine supply service of Pymepharco, In particular, Response is the most powerful factor (standardized Beta coefficient equal to 0.363), the second is Pharmaceutical products (standardized Beta coefficient equal to 0.230), the third is Price and Payment (standardized Beta coefficient equal to 0.149) and finally, Employee Serviceability (standardized Beta coefficient equal to 0.145). Conclusion: The study has proposed a conceptual framework of pharmacies’ satisfaction to the medicine supply service of Pymepharco joint stock company and determined that the response factor is the most influential factor on pharmacy satisfaction. Key words: pharmacies’ satisfaction, medical supply service, Pymepharco Joint Stock Company.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and legal status of joint-stock companies in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the dynamics of the development of the institute of joint stock companies in Russia from the moment of its appearance to the present.

The purpose of the current study is to examine whether “learning by Zoom” or e-learning was a short-term temporary solution or whether there is a real chance that distance teaching and learning will become a teaching technique in the post-COVID era. What is teachers’ personal preference for e-learning with regard to interpersonal interaction with the students, the benefits of e-learning for students, as well as interest, order, organization, and clarity in teaching. Moreover, the effectiveness of e-teaching was examined from a multicultural perspective – at schools in Israel, the hi-tech state, and in Belarus, where the culture of the book is a major symbol. We explored the perceptions of teachers in Israel and in Belarus on four measures: personal preferences, advantages and disadvantages for teaching and learning, measures of good teaching (interest, order, and organization), and interpersonal interactions between the teacher, the students, and the faculty. E-teaching is not an alternative for traditional education but does generate a new reality that facilitates great improvements and advantages but produces new challenges for the educational system.

The adoption of limited liability in the nineteenth century is considered to have boosted economic growth and expanded capital markets in Europe and North America. Despite similar legal changes in ...

Regional airports play a significant role inpromotion of connectivity and regional development. This is one of reasons whyairports are treated as public assets and in 77 % cases (airportsproviding scheduled air transport services) owned and operated by public sectorin the EU. 71 % of these publicairports have corporatized airport operators. Latviahas threepublic civil aviation airports planned for scheduled flights until 2015: Riga InternationalAirport as well as Liepaja Airportand Ventspils Airport (Kurzeme planning region). Latviacurrently has decentralised operational model of airports. Riga InternationalAirport is owned by state and operatedby a joint stock company.Regional airports are owned by Liepaja and Ventspils municipalities andoperated by 100 % municipality owned limited liability companies. Liepaja Airport and Ventspils Airport plan to certify itsaerodromes and start scheduled flights in 2015. The long term traffic forecastof both airports is short to provide a long term financial sustainability.Regional airports are reliant on public service obligation compensations foroperation and maintenance of airfields as well as diminishing compensations toairlines for operating of scheduled flights. Considering the aerodrome’scertification and financial feasibility risks, alternative operational modelsare worth considering. They include centralised model (joint operation of allthree airports by a state owned company) and semi-centralised model (jointmanagement of regional airports by resource sharing). The main conclusion is that current decentralisedoperational model is not feasible to provide long term operationalsustainability of regional airports and it is worth considering introduction ofalternative operational models (preferably centralised model) subject tofurther analysis. KEY WORDS: regional airports,airport management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/rfds.v10i2.145

For a proper understanding of the institution of legal responsibility in corporate relations, it is necessary to clearly define the range of subjects of corporate relations, which, in turn, is determined by the types of corporate relations in which these entities participate. It is the nature of corporate relations that determines the peculiarities of the responsibility of management bodies and persons who manage a joint-stock company. Corporate relations in a joint-stock company arise in connection with the creation, operation and termination of a joint-stock company as a legal entity, an independent legal entity endowed with separate property, which has its own internal organizational structure and acts in economic turnover on its own behalf obligations to creditors. The emergence of a joint stock company as a legal entity, with its members, founders, property owner, members of management bodies, creditors, as well as other stakeholders (stakeholders), causes a particularly complex structure of corporate relations, which can be distinguished not only internal management relations legal entity, but also external relations that ensure the participation of legal entities in economic turnover, as well as organizational and property relations between members of business associations, groups, associated and related companies. Corporate responsibility is one of the most important factors that ensure the stability of corporate relations. This determines the scientific interest in corporate responsibility throughout the history of corporate law, due to the development of organizational and legal forms of economic activity based on corporate relations. A systematic analysis of the current legislation allows to determine the range of subjects of corporate responsibility.

The article focuses on the development of an automated system of processing and delivery of postal items by the Uzbek Post. Proposals and recommendations for the introduction of self-service automated complexes for the delivery of mail to the address have also been developed. The author scientifically substantiated his views on the seissues by analyzing the services of foreign postal enterprises in resolving various conflicts. The Republic of Uzbekistan includes postal facilities and postal routes that are continuously interconnected in the postal service, receiving, processing and delivery of periodicals. The postal service employs thousands of correspondents, remittances, parcels, and newspapers and magazines to millions of subscribers.

The research paper provides an analytical review of the rational organization of storage in transport, notes the works of scientists that are of great importance for the railway industry, and considers the issues of optimal placement of inventory items in the carriage depot of the Joint Stock Company "Uztemiryulyulovchi" ("Uzdzheldorpass"). The structure of a warehouse reflecting the main elements of technological sections, consisting of an unloading section, a cargo receiving section, a storage area (temporary and main), a picking section, a service and technical room, is presented. The developed mathematical models for determining rational placement, graphs of the effect of the life cycle of goods on the logistics cycle of replenishment of stocks, methods for determining the amount of supply of spare parts for mobile units when managing their stocks are presented.

The political liberalism that emerged after Second Constitutional Monarchy also reflected on the economy of the period and caused the non-Muslims to increase their activities in the economy. At first, this new situation of non-Muslims was not a problem but Tripoli’s loss and land loss in the Balkans caused strengthened nationalist discourses and with the outbreak of the First World War, it also strengthened the idea of ​​national economy, which was voiced before, and led this idea to find a better ground. The Committee of Union and Progress, which was in power during the war, intervened in the economy and encouraged the establishment of national companies for the subsistence of the country, while directing the Muslim-Turkish element to a favoured entrepreneurship and ignoring the speculative gains in order to create a domestic and national bourgeoisie. Anatolian National Crops Ottoman Joint Stock Company was established in 1915 as the first company that the national economic policy found an area of application. Anatolian National Crops Ottoman Joint Stock Company is important in terms of being the first company and testing the success of national economic policies. The aim of this study is to examine Anatolian National Crops Ottoman Joint Stock Company, which is the first company of the national economic policy, through the establishment regulations, reports on the activities of the company for two years, document and other sources which can be accessed from the archives of the National Library of Turkey, The Turkish History Foundation and Directorate of State Archives.

An upper bound for the ruin probability of a joint-stock insurance company is obtained, provided that the intervals between the claim times have a gamma distribution and the insurance company uses a linear barrier dividend strategy.

The artiсle is devoted to a number of both theoretiсal and praсtiсal problems related to the legal regulation of joint-stoсk сompany’s obligations to disсlose information and provide information, in partiсular, their сontent, relationship, goals of legal regulation of these duties, the сonsequenсes of their violation, as well as a list of information to be disсlosed joint stoсk сompany. The author argues that the obligation to disсlose information and the obligation to provide it are two independent obligations of the сompany. The researсhers show various approaсhes to defining the goals of establishing the obligations of a joint stoсk сompany to disсlose information and provide it. Examines the existing judiсial praсtiсe in this area. Problems in legal regulation of сivil and legal сonsequenсes of violation of these obligations by a joint-stoсk сompany are revealed. Made proposals to improve their legal regulation.

This study applied the SERVQUAL scale of Parasuraman et al. and the scale of previous research models to measure the quality of Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint-Stock Bank. The study used Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test method and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to verify and evaluate the scale conducted with a sample size of n = 215 respondents are customers who use the services of the bank. The research results serve as a basis for Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint-Stock Bank to know the factors of service quality that affect satisfaction, the relationship between service quality and satisfaction, level of customer evaluation of these factors, from which an appropriate strategy is carried out to improve customer satisfaction in the future.

The OECD defined corporate governance as, enforce laws, rules and standards that define the relationship between company management on the one hand, shareholders, stakeholders or parties associated with the company on the other, and urge financial institutions to adopt those laws and standards in their systems to ensure universal classification, such laws and standards are called corporate governance. Some countries have adopted such standards, which are based on integrity and transparency, such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, but the apply these standards to protect the minority of shareholders in the joint stock companies are in conflict with certain legal provisions laid down by the Jordanian legislature in the companies Act. The Jordanian companies' law and some other financial laws have, of course, included a number of factors that encourage corporate governance, but on the other hand, we find texts that still impede the application of these standards and provide indicators that do not encourage the application of their standards and affect the rights of minority shareholders. The study will refer to the most important corporate governance criteria that balance the rights of the minority and majority shareholders with those that still need to be modified.

The article focuses on one of the corporate forms of entrepreneurial activity - general and limited partnerships. Limited liability companies and joint stock companies are among the most popular legal forms of companies. However, the development of Ukrainian legislation moves in the direction of creating a system of different forms of entrepreneurship, which are aimed at different needs and interests of their founders. Such forms of entrepreneurship exist and operate successfully in Europe. Carrying out a comparative analysis in the article allows the author to confirm the existing thesis that there is no single vector in European countries concerning the legal status of these partnerships. Some states define these partnerships as legal entities, others - as a form of joint business activity. It is emphasized in the article that the European legal space is characterized by the use of the concept of defective legal entity. The author perceives any of these European approaches, but points to the need for its consistent reflection in all legal acts that determine the status of general and limited partnerships. The article supports the assertion formed in the scientific literature about the criticism of domestic legislation on general and limited partnerships. Such criticism concerns to those norms of Ukrainian legislation, which use untypical provisions for legal entities. All existing researches are directed to one aim - to develop a single vector in the regulation of general and limited partnerships. They should be regulated either as legal entities or as forms of joint activity on the basis of an agreement. The author states that the main attention in granting general and limited partnerships the status of a legal entity should be focused on clear boundaries between the liability of a legal entity and the subsidiary liability of its members. The article supports leading scholars’ critical assessment of the legislative definition of general partnerships as an association of persons for joint business activities. Based on the analysis of the definitions of a general partnership in EU law (for example, France), it is proposed to define a general partnership as an association of persons engaged in business activities through joint contributions of all participants (full partners) and their subsidiary liability for the company’s obligations. This wording indicates that the partnership itself carries out business activities, and not its members. The author also does not deny the possibility of introducing general and limited partnerships as associations of persons on the basis of an agreement on joint activities. At the same time, it is noted that all norms of national legislation should consistently adhere to such concept.

The authors of the article have analyzed the understanding of ownership as a central entity and the main regulator of economic relations within a joint-stock company. It has been stated that ownership is associated with such categories as «property» and «right», which raises a considerable number of methodological issues originated by the formation of joint-stock companies’ ownership and shareholders rights in relation to the ownership. Particular attention has been paid to the fact that ownership in such a company as an economic category performs a certain function, which consists in the formation of a considerable amount of capital on the most profitable for all persons involved in this process, in order to its maximum profitable use. It has been noted that if we talk about the ownership of a joint-stock company, then it is formed by the issue of shares, and accordingly, the company, which is interested in attracting significant funds, conducts open placement, the proceeds of which are accumulated to use in its business activities. The authors have provided arguments in favor of other positive aspects of stock ownership that make it universal and capable of application wherever there is the need to accumulate significant amounts of funds and limit the scope of liability. It has been concluded that ownership in a joint-stock company as an economic category performs a certain function, which makes it not only an economic, but also a legal category. This function is to generate a large amount of capital in the most profitable terms for all persons involved in this process, for its maximum profitable use. The category of «stock ownership» is used when referring to the legal regime of ownership in a joint-stock company — the ownership rights of the shareholders for the shares and the ownership rights of the company for the property, which in their implementation intersect and affect one another. It has been supposed that the most appropriate model, to which stock ownership tends, is confidential property, ideology and practices of trusts. However, it is quite clear that its application in Ukraine in the present state of legal regulation is hardly worth supporting.

In the following article, we analyze the trends in literary depiction of an important economic process in the post-war times (late 1850s), namely joint-stock companies, in A. F. Pisemsky’s novel The Turbulent Sea (1863). We detect and offer commentary on the parallels between descriptions of the ‘joint-stock fever’ depicted in the novel, and the materials on private enterpreneurship published in late 1850s. We offer a detailed analysis on the references to polemics between members of the Russian Society of Steamship Companies and Trade, one of the most influential joint-stock companies of the time, and N. P. Perosio, a journalist and economist, as well as the creator of The Reading Library and The Saint-Petersburg Bulletin. Our research is based on N. P. Perosio’s works, namely Notes on the Report by the Russian Society of Steamship Companies and Trade, The Protest, as well as Tondi’s The Reply to Sir Perosio’s Notes on the Report by the Russian Society of Steamship Companies and Trade, and V. Shultz’s A Dispute Between Sirs Perosio and Smirnov, The Response of Administrator Director of the Russian Society of Steamship Companies and Trade N. A. Novoselsky to Articles Criticizing Company Management, Notes and Projects of Establishment of a Coal Mine on Don, etc. We conclude that the analysis of strategies of depiction of economic processes in the novel offers a clearer understanding of A. F. Pisemsky’s perception of the ‘era of great reforms’. The novel shows that the idea expressed by the new government (development of private enterpreneurship) resulted in the emergence of unskilled enactors: the joint-stock companies were joined by people who lacked practical knowledge and did not wish to learn it, which, in its turn, resulted in wide-scale frauds performed by directors.

The purpose of this article is to consider the process of managing cash flows in joint-stock companies in the context of digitalization. Namely, the article considers the object and subjects of cash flow management, elements of the cash flow management system and factors that affect the volume and nature of the formation of cash flows. This article examines the assessment of cash flows of joint-stock companies, as well as their movement. The article reveals the principle of digital transformation of cash flow management in joint-stock companies, with a focus on the elements of digitalization of individual business processes.

The article examines the contractual obligations that raises due to termination of business companies in the area of corporate relations. It is noted that legal relations of termination of business entities are complex. The mentioned relations also involve contractual legal relations. At the same time, the availability of contractual relations as part of the legal relationship of termination with succession can be considered as the only central issue in the area under study. It is emphasized that the need for further scientific analysis of contractual obligations on the termination of business entities in the area of corporate relations is due to the lack of established approaches to understanding of the contracts that mediate the relationship of termination with succession. The focus is on such contractual constructions within the relevant relations: 1) termination with succession as a transaction (agreement) of a special type; 2) cover of the legal nature of individual forms of termination with succession (merger and takeover) as a specific transaction (identification of merger (takeover) with the particular agreements); merger and takeover agreements which are concluded during the termination with succession under the Law of Ukraine “On Joint Stock Companies”; Law of Ukraine “On Limited and Additional Liability Companies” (reorganization agreements; termination agreements).