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101. Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Womenʼs Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials

Author

Chlebowski, Rowan T., Anderson, Garnet L., Aragaki, Aaron K., Manson, JoAnn E., Stefanick, Marcia L., Pan, Kathy, Barrington, Wendy, Kuller, Lewis H., Simon, Michael S., Lane, Dorothy, Johnson, Karen C., Rohan, Thomas E., Gass, Margery L. S., Cauley, Jane A., Paskett, Electra D., Sattari, Maryam, and Prentice, Ross L.

Published
2020
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104. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.

Author

Anderson, Garnet L, Limacher, Marian, Assaf, Annlouise R, Bassford, Tamsen, Beresford, Shirley AA, Black, Henry, Bonds, Denise, Brunner, Robert, Brzyski, Robert, Caan, Bette, Chlebowski, Rowan, Curb, David, Gass, Margery, Hays, Jennifer, Heiss, Gerardo, Hendrix, Susan, Howard, Barbara V, Hsia, Judith, Hubbell, Allan, Jackson, Rebecca, Johnson, Karen C, Judd, Howard, Kotchen, Jane Morley, Kuller, Lewis, LaCroix, Andrea Z, Lane, Dorothy, Langer, Robert D, Lasser, Norman, Lewis, Cora E, Manson, JoAnn, Margolis, Karen, Ockene, Judith, O'Sullivan, Mary Jo, Phillips, Lawrence, Prentice, Ross L, Ritenbaugh, Cheryl, Robbins, John, Rossouw, Jacques E, Sarto, Gloria, Stefanick, Marcia L, Van Horn, Linda, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Wallace, Robert, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee

Subjects
Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Colorectal Neoplasms, Pulmonary Embolism, Coronary Disease, Hip Fractures, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Estrogens, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Hysterectomy, Cause of Death, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Double-Blind Method, Postmenopause, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Stroke, Conjugated, General & Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Despite decades of use and considerable research, the role of estrogen alone in preventing chronic diseases in postmenopausal women remains uncertain.To assess the effects on major disease incidence rates of the most commonly used postmenopausal hormone therapy in the United States.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled disease prevention trial (the estrogen-alone component of the Women's Health Initiative [WHI]) conducted in 40 US clinical centers beginning in 1993. Enrolled were 10 739 postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 years, with prior hysterectomy, including 23% of minority race/ethnicity.Women were randomly assigned to receive either 0.625 mg/d of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) or placebo.The primary outcome was coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (nonfatal myocardial infarction or CHD death). Invasive breast cancer incidence was the primary safety outcome. A global index of risks and benefits, including these primary outcomes plus stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), colorectal cancer, hip fracture, and deaths from other causes, was used for summarizing overall effects.In February 2004, after reviewing data through November 30, 2003, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) decided to end the intervention phase of the trial early. Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for CEE vs placebo for the major clinical outcomes available through February 29, 2004 (average follow-up 6.8 years), were: CHD, 0.91 (0.75-1.12) with 376 cases; breast cancer, 0.77 (0.59-1.01) with 218 cases; stroke, 1.39 (1.10-1.77) with 276 cases; PE, 1.34 (0.87-2.06) with 85 cases; colorectal cancer, 1.08 (0.75-1.55) with 119 cases; and hip fracture, 0.61 (0.41-0.91) with 102 cases. Corresponding results for composite outcomes were: total cardiovascular disease, 1.12 (1.01-1.24); total cancer, 0.93 (0.81-1.07); total fractures, 0.70 (0.63-0.79); total mortality, 1.04 (0.88-1.22), and the global index, 1.01 (0.91-1.12). For the outcomes significantly affected by CEE, there was an absolute excess risk of 12 additional strokes per 10 000 person-years and an absolute risk reduction of 6 fewer hip fractures per 10 000 person-years. The estimated excess risk for all monitored events in the global index was a nonsignificant 2 events per 10 000 person-years.The use of CEE increases the risk of stroke, decreases the risk of hip fracture, and does not affect CHD incidence in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy over an average of 6.8 years. A possible reduction in breast cancer risk requires further investigation. The burden of incident disease events was equivalent in the CEE and placebo groups, indicating no overall benefit. Thus, CEE should not be recommended for chronic disease prevention in postmenopausal women.

Published
2004

105. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Rossouw, Jacques E, Anderson, Garnet L, Prentice, Ross L, LaCroix, Andrea Z, Kooperberg, Charles, Stefanick, Marcia L, Jackson, Rebecca D, Beresford, Shirley AA, Howard, Barbara V, Johnson, Karen C, Kotchen, Jane Morley, and Ockene, Judith

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Cancer, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aging, Estrogen, Prevention, Breast Cancer, Clinical Research, Patient Safety, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees, Colorectal Neoplasms, Coronary Disease, Endometrial Neoplasms, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Female, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Postmenopause, Progesterone Congeners, Proportional Hazards Models, Pulmonary Embolism, Risk, Stroke, Survival Analysis, Thrombosis, Treatment Outcome, Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

ContextDespite decades of accumulated observational evidence, the balance of risks and benefits for hormone use in healthy postmenopausal women remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the major health benefits and risks of the most commonly used combined hormone preparation in the United States.DesignEstrogen plus progestin component of the Women's Health Initiative, a randomized controlled primary prevention trial (planned duration, 8.5 years) in which 16608 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years with an intact uterus at baseline were recruited by 40 US clinical centers in 1993-1998.InterventionsParticipants received conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d, in 1 tablet (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102).Main outcomes measuresThe primary outcome was coronary heart disease (CHD) (nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death), with invasive breast cancer as the primary adverse outcome. A global index summarizing the balance of risks and benefits included the 2 primary outcomes plus stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, hip fracture, and death due to other causes.ResultsOn May 31, 2002, after a mean of 5.2 years of follow-up, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo because the test statistic for invasive breast cancer exceeded the stopping boundary for this adverse effect and the global index statistic supported risks exceeding benefits. This report includes data on the major clinical outcomes through April 30, 2002. Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) (nominal 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were as follows: CHD, 1.29 (1.02-1.63) with 286 cases; breast cancer, 1.26 (1.00-1.59) with 290 cases; stroke, 1.41 (1.07-1.85) with 212 cases; PE, 2.13 (1.39-3.25) with 101 cases; colorectal cancer, 0.63 (0.43-0.92) with 112 cases; endometrial cancer, 0.83 (0.47-1.47) with 47 cases; hip fracture, 0.66 (0.45-0.98) with 106 cases; and death due to other causes, 0.92 (0.74-1.14) with 331 cases. Corresponding HRs (nominal 95% CIs) for composite outcomes were 1.22 (1.09-1.36) for total cardiovascular disease (arterial and venous disease), 1.03 (0.90-1.17) for total cancer, 0.76 (0.69-0.85) for combined fractures, 0.98 (0.82-1.18) for total mortality, and 1.15 (1.03-1.28) for the global index. Absolute excess risks per 10 000 person-years attributable to estrogen plus progestin were 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 8 more PEs, and 8 more invasive breast cancers, while absolute risk reductions per 10 000 person-years were 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures. The absolute excess risk of events included in the global index was 19 per 10 000 person-years.ConclusionsOverall health risks exceeded benefits from use of combined estrogen plus progestin for an average 5.2-year follow-up among healthy postmenopausal US women. All-cause mortality was not affected during the trial. The risk-benefit profile found in this trial is not consistent with the requirements for a viable intervention for primary prevention of chronic diseases, and the results indicate that this regimen should not be initiated or continued for primary prevention of CHD.

Published
2002

106. Healthy Lifestyle Index and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Postmenopausal Women With Normal Body Mass Index

Author

Peila, Rita, primary, Xue, Xiaonan, additional, Qi, Qibin, additional, Dannenberg, Andrew J., additional, Allison, Matthew A., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, LaMonte, Michael J., additional, Wild, Robert A., additional, Haring, Bernhard, additional, Pan, Kathy, additional, Tindle, Hilary A., additional, Foraker, Randi, additional, Saquib, Nazmus, additional, Barac, Ana, additional, and Rohan, Thomas E., additional

Published
2023
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108. Race and Ethnicity and Fracture Prediction Among Younger Postmenopausal Women in the Women’s Health Initiative Study

Author

Crandall, Carolyn J., primary, Larson, Joseph C., additional, Schousboe, John T., additional, Manson, JoAnn E., additional, Watts, Nelson B., additional, Robbins, John A., additional, Schnatz, Peter, additional, Nassir, Rami, additional, Shadyab, Aladdin H., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Cauley, Jane A., additional, and Ensrud, Kristine E., additional

Published
2023
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112. Womenʼs Health Initiative clinical trials: potential interactive effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with hormonal therapy on cardiovascular disease

Author

Jiang, Xuezhi, Nudy, Matthew, Aragaki, Aaron K., Robbins, John A., Manson, JoAnn E., Stefanick, Marcia L., OʼSullivan, David M., Shikany, James M., LeBlanc, Erin S., Kelsey, Anita M., Cauley, Jane, Martin, Lisa W., Payne, Martha E., Johnson, Karen C., Howard, Barbara, and Schnatz, Peter F.

Published
2019
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115. Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer Incidence and Mortality during the Intervention and Postintervention Periods of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Author

Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Van Horn, Linda, primary, Caan, Bette J., primary, Aragaki, Aaron K., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan T., primary, Manson, JoAnn E., primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Tinker, Lesley F., primary, Kuller, Lewis H., primary, Hou, Lifang, primary, Lane, Dorothy S., primary, Johnson, Karen C., primary, Vitolins, Mara Z., primary, and Prentice, Ross L., primary

Published
2023
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116. Supplementary Table 1 from Cancer Incidence and Mortality during the Intervention and Postintervention Periods of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Author

Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Van Horn, Linda, primary, Caan, Bette J., primary, Aragaki, Aaron K., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan T., primary, Manson, JoAnn E., primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Tinker, Lesley F., primary, Kuller, Lewis H., primary, Hou, Lifang, primary, Lane, Dorothy S., primary, Johnson, Karen C., primary, Vitolins, Mara Z., primary, and Prentice, Ross L., primary

Published
2023
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117. Supplementary Table 2 from Cancer Incidence and Mortality during the Intervention and Postintervention Periods of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Author

Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Van Horn, Linda, primary, Caan, Bette J., primary, Aragaki, Aaron K., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan T., primary, Manson, JoAnn E., primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Tinker, Lesley F., primary, Kuller, Lewis H., primary, Hou, Lifang, primary, Lane, Dorothy S., primary, Johnson, Karen C., primary, Vitolins, Mara Z., primary, and Prentice, Ross L., primary

Published
2023
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118. Effect of intratrial mean 25(OH)D concentration on diabetes risk, by race and weight: an ancillary analysis in the D2d randomized study cohort

Author

Chatterjee, Ranee, primary, Davenport, Clemontina A., additional, Vickery, Ellen M., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Kashyap, Sangeeta R., additional, LeBlanc, Erin S., additional, Nelson, Jason, additional, Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Hughes, Bess Dawson, additional, Brodsky, Irwin, additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Chadha, Chhavi, additional, Chatterjee, Ranee, additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, Desouza, Cyrus, additional, Dolor, Rowena, additional, Foreyt, John, additional, Ghazi, Adline, additional, Hsia, Daniel S., additional, Kim, Sun, additional, Lewis, Michael R., additional, Liao, Emilia, additional, Malozowski, Saul, additional, Neff, Lisa M., additional, O’Neil, Patrick, additional, Park, Jean, additional, Peters, Anne, additional, Phillips, Lawrence S., additional, Pratley, Richard, additional, Raskin, Philip, additional, Rasouli, Neda, additional, Robbins, David, additional, Rosen, Clifford, additional, Aroda, Vanita R., additional, Sheehan, Patricia, additional, Staten, Myrlene A., additional, Ware, James H., additional, and Knowler, William C., additional

Published
2023
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121. Partial Meal Replacement Plan and Quality of the Diet at 1 Year: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial

Author

Brancati, Frederick L., Honas, Jeff, Cheskin, Lawrence, Clark, Jeanne M., Stewart, Kerry, Rubin, Richard, Charleston, Jeanne, Horak, Kathy, Bray, George A., Rau, Kristi, Strate, Allison, Armand, Brandi, Greenway, Frank L., Ryan, Donna H., Williamson, Donald, Bachand, Amy, Begnaud, Michelle, Berhard, Betsy, Caderette, Elizabeth, Cerniauskas, Barbara, Creel, David, Crow, Diane, Guay, Helen, Kora, Nancy, LaFleur, Kelly, Landry, Kim, Lingle, Missy, Perault, Jennifer, Shipp, Mandy, Smith, Marisa, Tucker, Elizabeth, Lewis, Cora E., Thomas, Sheikilya, Safford, Monika, DiLillo, Vicki, Bragg, Charlotte, Dobelstein, Amy, Gilbert, Stacey, Glasser, Stephen, Hannum, Sara, Hubbell, Anne, Jones, Jennifer, Lee, DeLavallade, Luketic, Ruth, Marshall, Karen, Oden, L. Christie, Raines, Janet, Roche, Cathy, Truman, Janet, Webb, Nita, Wrenn, Audrey, Nathan, David M., Turgeon, Heather, Schumann, Kristina, Cagliero, Enrico, Delahanty, Linda, Hayward, Kathryn, Anderson, Ellen, Bissett, Laurie, Ginsburg, Richard, Goldman, Valerie, Harlan, Virginia, McKitrick, Charles, McNamara, Alan, Michel, Theresa, Poulos, Alexi, Steiner, Barbara, Tosch, Joclyn, Horton, Edward S., Jackson, Sharon D., Hamdy, Osama, Caballero, A. Enrique, Bain, Sarah, Bovaird, Elizabeth, Goebel-Fabbri, Ann, Lambert, Lori, Ledbury, Sarah, Malloy, Maureen, Ovalle, Kerry, Blackburn, George, Mantzoros, Christos, Day, Kristinia, McNamara, Ann, Hill, James O., Miller, Marsha, Phillipp, JoAnn, Schwartz, Robert, Van Dorsten, Brent, Regensteiner, Judith, Benchekroun, Salma, Coelho, Ligia, Cohrs, Paulette, Daeninck, Elizabeth, Fields, Amy, Green, Susan, Hamilton, April, Hamilton, Jere, Leshchinskiy, Eugene, McDermott, Michael, Munkwitz, Lindsey, Rome, Loretta, Wallace, Kristin, Worley, Terra, Foreyt, John P., Reeves, Rebecca S., Pownall, Henry, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Jones, Peter, Burrington, Michele, Chen, Chu-Huang, Clark, Allyson, Gee, Molly, Griggs, Sharon, Hamilton, Michelle, Holley, Veronica, Joseph, Jayne, Pace, Patricia, Palencia, Julieta, Satterwhite, Olga, Schmidt, Jennifer, Volding, Devin, White, Carolyn, Saad, Mohammed F., Ghazarian, Siran, Chiu, Ken C., Botrous, Medhat, Chan, Michelle, Konersman, Kati, Perpetua, Magpuri, Johnson, Karen C., Gresham, Carolyn, Connelly, Stephanie, Brewer, Amy, Coday, Mace, Jones, Lisa, Lichtermann, Lynne, Vosburg, Shirley, Taylor, J. Lee, Kitabchi, Abbas E., Lambeth, Helen, Clark, Debra, Crisler, Andrea, Cunningham, Gracie, Green, Donna, Force, Debra, Kores, Robert, Rosenthal, Renate, Smith, Elizabeth, Sun, Maria, Soberman, Judith, Jeffery, Robert W., Thorson, Carolyn, Bantle, John P., Redmon, J. Bruce, Crow, Richard S., Crow, Scott, Raatz, Susan K., Brelje, Kerrin, Campbell, Carolyne, Carls, Jeanne, Carmean-Mihm, Tara, Finch, Emily, Fox, Anna, Hoelscher, Elizabeth, James, La Donna, Maddy, Vicki A., Ockenden, Therese, Rice, Birgitta I., Skarphol, Tricia, Tucker, Ann D., Voeller, Mary Susan, Walcheck, Cara, Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Patricio, Jennifer, Heshka, Stanley, Pal, Carmen, Allen, Lynn, Hirsch, Diane, Holowaty, Mary Anne, Wadden, Thomas A., Maschak-Carey, Barbara J., Schwartz, Stanley, Foster, Gary D., Berkowitz, Robert I., Glick, Henry, Kumanyika, Shiriki K., Brock, Johanna, Chomentowski, Helen, Clark, Vicki, Crerand, Canice, Davenport, Renee, Diamond, Andrea, Fabricatore, Anthony, Hesson, Louise, Krauthamer-Ewing, Stephanie, Kuehnel, Robert, Lipschutz, Patricia, Mullen, Monica, Womble, Leslie, Iqbal, Nayyar, Kelley, David E., Wesche-Thobaben, Jacqueline, Kuller, Lewis, Kriska, Andrea, Bonk, Janet, Danchenko, Rebecca, Edmundowicz, Daniel, Klem, Mary L., Yamamoto, Monica E., Elnyczky, Barb, Grove, George A., Harper, Pat, Krulia, Janet, Mancino, Juliet, Mathews, Anne, Murray, Tracey Y., Ritchea, Joan R., Rush, Jennifer, Vujevich, Karen, Wolf, Donna, Wing, Rena R., Bright, Renee, Pera, Vincent, Jakicic, John, Tate, Deborah, Gorin, Amy, Gallagher, Kara, Bach, Amy, Bancroft, Barbara, Bertorelli, Anna, Carey, Richard, Charron, Tatum, Chenot, Heather, Chula-Maguire, Kimberley, Coward, Pamela, Cronkite, Lisa, Currin, Julie, Daly, Maureen, Egan, Caitlin, Ferguson, Erica, Foss, Linda, Gauvin, Jennifer, Kieffer, Don, Lessard, Lauren, Maier, Deborah, Massaro, J.P., Monk, Tammy, Nicholson, Rob, Patterson, Erin, Phelan, Suzanne, Raynor, Hollie, Raynor, Douglas, Robinson, Natalie, Robles, Deborah, Tavares, Jane, Haffner, Steven M., Montez, Maria G., Lorenzo, Carlos, Kahn, Steven E., Montgomery, Brenda, Knopp, Robert, Lipkin, Edward, Maciejewski, Matthew L., Trence, Dace, Barrett, Terry, Bartell, Joli, Greenberg, Diane, Murillo, Anne, Richmond, Betty Ann, Thomas, April, Knowler, William C., Bolin, Paula, Killean, Tina, Manus, Cathy, Krakoff, Jonathan, Curtis, Jeffrey M., Glass, Justin, Michaels, Sara, Bennett, Peter H., Morgan, Tina, Begay, Shandiin, Fallis, Bernadita, Hermes, Jeanette, Hollowbreast, Diane F., Johnson, Ruby, Meacham, Maria, Nelson, Julie, Percy, Carol, Poorthunder, Patricia, Sangster, Sandra, Scurlock, Nancy, Shovestull, Leigh A., Smiley, Janelia, Toledo, Katie, Tomchee, Christina, Tonemah, Darryl, Peters, Anne, Ruelas, Valerie, Sengardi, Siran Ghazarian, Graves, Kathryn, Serafin-Dokhan, Sara, Espeland, Mark A., Bahnson, Judy L., Wagenknecht, Lynne, Reboussin, David, Rejeski, W. Jack, Bertoni, Alain, Lang, Wei, Miller, Gary, Lefkowitz, David, Reynolds, Patrick S., Ribisl, Paul, Vitolins, Mara, Booth, Michael, Dotson, Kathy M., Hodges, Amelia, Williams, Carrie C., Barnes, Jerry M., Feeney, Patricia A., Griffin, Jason, Harvin, Lea, Herman, William, Hogan, Patricia, Jaramillo, Sarah, King, Mark, Lane, Kathy, Neiberg, Rebecca, Ruggiero, Andrea, Speas, Christian, Walkup, Michael P., Wall, Karen, Ward, Michelle, West, Delia S., Windham, Terri, Nevitt, Michael, Ewing, Susan, Hayashi, Cynthia, Maeda, Jason, Palermo, Lisa, Rahorst, Michaela, Schwartz, Ann, Shepherd, John, Marcovina, Santica M., Strylewicz, Greg, Prineas, Ronald J., Alexander, Teresa, Billings, Lisa, Campbell, Charles, Hall, Sharon, Hensley, Susan, Li, Yabing, Zhang, Zhu-Ming, Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J., Moran, Robert, Foushee, Richard, Hall, Nancy J., Harrison, Barbara, Hubbard, Van S., Yanovski, Susan Z., Cooper, Lawton S., Cutler, Jeffrey, Obarzanek, Eva, Gregg, Edward W., Williamson, David F., Zhang, Ping, Raynor, Hollie A., Anderson, Andrea M., Miller, Gary D., Reeves, Rebecca, Delahanty, Linda M., Vitolins, Mara Z., Harper, Patricia, Mobley, Connie, and Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth

Published
2015
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123. Four-Day Food Record Macronutrient Intake, With and Without Biomarker Calibration, and Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Author

Prentice, Ross L, Pettinger, Mary, Neuhouser, Marian L, Raftery, Daniel, Zheng, Cheng, Gowda, G A Nagana, Huang, Ying, Tinker, Lesley F, Howard, Barbara V, Manson, JoAnn E, Wallace, Robert, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Johnson, Karen C, and Lampe, Johanna W

Subjects
Epidemiology, Carbohydrates, Original Contribution, Nutrients, Diet Records, Postmenopause, Eating, Surveys and Questionnaires, Calibration, Chronic Disease, Humans, Female, Energy Intake, Biomarkers
Abstract

We recently evaluated associations of biomarker-calibrated protein intake, protein density, carbohydrate intake, and carbohydrate density with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative (1993–present, 40 US clinical centers). The biomarkers relied on serum and urine metabolomics profiles, and biomarker calibration used regression of biomarkers on food frequency questionnaires. Here we develop corresponding calibration equations using food records and dietary recalls. In addition, we use calibrated intakes based on food records in disease association estimation in a cohort subset (n = 29,294) having food records. In this analysis, more biomarker variation was explained by food records than by FFQs for absolute macronutrient intake, with 24-hour recalls being intermediate. However, the percentage of biomarker variation explained was similar for each assessment approach for macronutrient densities. Invasive breast cancer risk was related inversely to carbohydrate and protein densities using food records, in analyses that included (calibrated) total energy intake and body mass index. Corresponding analyses for absolute intakes did not differ from the null, nor did absolute or relative intakes associate significantly with colorectal cancer or coronary heart disease. These analyses do not suggest major advantages for food records or dietary recalls in comparison with less costly and logistically simpler food frequency questionnaires for these nutritional variables.

Published
2022
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127. Effects of Intensive BP Control in CKD

Author

Cheung, Alfred K., Rahman, Mahboob, Reboussin, David M., Craven, Timothy E., Greene, Tom, Kimmel, Paul L., Cushman, William C., Hawfield, Amret T., Johnson, Karen C., Lewis, Cora E., Oparil, Suzanne, Rocco, Michael V., Sink, Kaycee M., Whelton, Paul K., Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Basile, Jan, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Bhatt, Udayan, Chang, Tara I., Chertow, Glenn M., Chonchol, Michel, Freedman, Barry I., Haley, William, Ix, Joachim H., Katz, Lois A., Killeen, Anthony A., Papademetriou, Vasilios, Ricardo, Ana C., Servilla, Karen, Wall, Barry, Wolfgram, Dawn, Yee, Jerry, Cheung, Alfred K., Rahman, Mahboob, Reboussin, David M., Craven, Timothy E., Greene, Tom, Kimmel, Paul L., Cushman, William C., Hawfield, Amret T., Johnson, Karen C., Lewis, Cora E., Oparil, Suzanne, Rocco, Michael V., Sink, Kaycee M., Whelton, Paul K., Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Basile, Jan, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Bhatt, Udayan, Chang, Tara I., Chertow, Glenn M., Chonchol, Michel, Freedman, Barry I., Haley, William, Ix, Joachim H., Katz, Lois A., Killeen, Anthony A., Papademetriou, Vasilios, Ricardo, Ana C., Servilla, Karen, Wall, Barry, Wolfgram, Dawn, and Yee, Jerry

Published
2017
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130. Is the Long‐term Impact of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Cognitive Function Mediated by Changes in Leptin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentrations?

Author

Espeland, Mark A., primary, Carmichael, Owen T., additional, Evans, Joni K, additional, Hayden, Kathleen M., additional, Johnson, Karen C, additional, Kahn, Steven, additional, Luchsinger, Jose, additional, Marvocina, Santica, additional, and Neiberg, Rebecca H., additional

Published
2022
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131. Associations between cognitive function and endogenous levels of estradiol and testosterone in adults with Type 2 diabetes?

Author

Robusto, Brian Andres, primary, Espeland, Mark A., additional, Bahnson, Judy, additional, Bennett, Wendy, additional, Cook, Delilah R., additional, Hayden, Kathleen M., additional, Howard, Marjorie, additional, Hugenschmidt, Christina E, additional, Johnson, Karen C, additional, Luchsinger, Jose A, additional, Yasar, Sevil, additional, and Yassine, Hussein N., additional

Published
2022
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132. Longer-Term All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality With Intensive Blood Pressure Control

Author

Jaeger, Byron C., primary, Bress, Adam P., additional, Bundy, Joshua D., additional, Cheung, Alfred K., additional, Cushman, William C., additional, Drawz, Paul E., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Lewis, Cora E., additional, Oparil, Suzanne, additional, Rocco, Michael V., additional, Rapp, Stephen R., additional, Supiano, Mark A., additional, Whelton, Paul K., additional, Williamson, Jeff D., additional, Wright, Jackson T., additional, Reboussin, David M., additional, and Pajewski, Nicholas M., additional

Published
2022
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133. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Rare and Low-Frequency Coding Variants Associated with LDL Cholesterol

Author

Gabriel, Stacey B., Altshuler, David M., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Allayee, Hooman, Cresci, Sharon, Daly, Mark J., de Bakker, Paul I.W., DePristo, Mark A., Do, Ron, Donnelly, Peter, Farlow, Deborah N., Fennell, Tim, Garimella, Kiran, Hazen, Stanley L., Hu, Youna, Jordan, Daniel M., Jun, Goo, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kang, Hyun Min, Kiezun, Adam, Lettre, Guillaume, Li, Bingshan, Li, Mingyao, Newton-Cheh, Christopher H., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Peloso, Gina, Pulit, Sara, Rader, Daniel J., Reich, David, Reilly, Muredach P., Rivas, Manuel A., Schwartz, Steve, Scott, Laura, Siscovick, David S., Spertus, John A., Stitziel, Nathaniel O., Stoletzki, Nina, Sunyaev, Shamil R., Voight, Benjamin F., Willer, Cristen J., Rich, Stephen S., Akylbekova, Ermeg, Atwood, Larry D., Ballantyne, Christie M., Barbalic, Maja, Barr, R. Graham, Benjamin, Emelia J., Bis, Joshua, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bowden, Donald W., Brody, Jennifer, Budoff, Matthew, Burke, Greg, Buxbaum, Sarah, Carr, Jeff, Chen, Donna T., Chen, Ida Y., Chen, Wei-Min, Concannon, Pat, Crosby, Jacy, Cupples, L. Adrienne, D’Agostino, Ralph, DeStefano, Anita L., Dreisbach, Albert, Dupuis, Josée, Durda, J. Peter, Ellis, Jaclyn, Folsom, Aaron R., Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S., Fox, Ervin, Funari, Vincent, Ganesh, Santhi K., Gardin, Julius, Goff, David, Gordon, Ora, Grody, Wayne, Gross, Myron, Guo, Xiuqing, Hall, Ira M., Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heckbert, Susan R., Heintz, Nicholas, Herrington, David M., Hickson, DeMarc, Huang, Jie, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Jacobs, David R., Jenny, Nancy S., Johnson, Andrew D., Johnson, Craig W., Kawut, Steven, Kronmal, Richard, Kurz, Raluca, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Larson, Martin G., Lawson, Mark, Lewis, Cora E., Levy, Daniel, Li, Dalin, Lin, Honghuang, Liu, Chunyu, Liu, Jiankang, Liu, Kiang, Liu, Xiaoming, Liu, Yongmei, Longstreth, William T., Loria, Cay, Lumley, Thomas, Lunetta, Kathryn, Mackey, Aaron J., Mackey, Rachel, Manichaikul, Ani, Maxwell, Taylor, McKnight, Barbara, Meigs, James B., Morrison, Alanna C., Musani, Solomon K., Mychaleckyj, Josyf C., Nettleton, Jennifer A., North, Kari, O’Donnell, Christopher J., O’Leary, Daniel, Ong, Frank, Palmas, Walter, Pankow, James S., Pankratz, Nathan D., Paul, Shom, Perez, Marco, Person, Sharina D., Polak, Joseph, Post, Wendy S., Psaty, Bruce M., Quinlan, Aaron R., Raffel, Leslie J., Ramachandran, Vasan S., Reiner, Alexander P., Rice, Kenneth, Rotter, Jerome I., Sanders, Jill P., Schreiner, Pamela, Seshadri, Sudha, Shea, Steve, Sidney, Stephen, Silverstein, Kevin, Smith, Nicholas L., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Srinivasan, Asoke, Taylor, Herman A., Taylor, Kent, Thomas, Fridtjof, Tracy, Russell P., Tsai, Michael Y., Volcik, Kelly A., Wassel, Chrstina L., Watson, Karol, Wei, Gina, White, Wendy, Wiggins, Kerri L., Wilk, Jemma B., Williams, O. Dale, Wilson, Gregory, Wilson, James G., Wolf, Phillip, Zakai, Neil A., Hardy, John, Meschia, James F., Nalls, Michael, Singleton, Andrew, Worrall, Brad, Bamshad, Michael J., Barnes, Kathleen C., Abdulhamid, Ibrahim, Accurso, Frank, Anbar, Ran, Beaty, Terri, Bigham, Abigail, Black, Phillip, Bleecker, Eugene, Buckingham, Kati, Cairns, Anne Marie, Caplan, Daniel, Chatfield, Barbara, Chidekel, Aaron, Cho, Michael, Christiani, David C., Crapo, James D., Crouch, Julia, Daley, Denise, Dang, Anthony, Dang, Hong, De Paula, Alicia, DeCelie-Germana, Joan, Drumm, Allen DozorMitch, Dyson, Maynard, Emerson, Julia, Emond, Mary J., Ferkol, Thomas, Fink, Robert, Foster, Cassandra, Froh, Deborah, Gao, Li, Gershan, William, Gibson, Ronald L., Godwin, Elizabeth, Gondor, Magdalen, Gutierrez, Hector, Hansel, Nadia N., Hassoun, Paul M., Hiatt, Peter, Hokanson, John E., Howenstine, Michelle, Hummer, Laura K., Kanga, Jamshed, Kim, Yoonhee, Knowles, Michael R., Konstan, Michael, Lahiri, Thomas, Laird, Nan, Lange, Christoph, Lin, Lin, Lin, Xihong, Louie, Tin L., Lynch, David, Make, Barry, Martin, Thomas R., Mathai, Steve C., Mathias, Rasika A., McNamara, John, McNamara, Sharon, Meyers, Deborah, Millard, Susan, Mogayzel, Peter, Moss, Richard, Murray, Tanda, Nielson, Dennis, Noyes, Blakeslee, O’Neal, Wanda, Orenstein, David, O’Sullivan, Brian, Pace, Rhonda, Pare, Peter, Parker, H. Worth, Passero, Mary Ann, Perkett, Elizabeth, Prestridge, Adrienne, Rafaels, Nicholas M., Ramsey, Bonnie, Regan, Elizabeth, Ren, Clement, Retsch-Bogart, George, Rock, Michael, Rosen, Antony, Rosenfeld, Margaret, Ruczinski, Ingo, Sanford, Andrew, Schaeffer, David, Sell, Cindy, Sheehan, Daniel, Silverman, Edwin K., Sin, Don, Spencer, Terry, Stonebraker, Jackie, Tabor, Holly K., Varlotta, Laurie, Vergara, Candelaria I., Weiss, Robert, Wigley, Fred, Wise, Robert A., Wright, Fred A., Wurfel, Mark M., Zanni, Robert, Zou, Fei, Nickerson, Deborah A., Rieder, Mark J., Green, Phil, Shendure, Jay, Akey, Joshua M., Bustamante, Carlos D., Crosslin, David R., Eichler, Evan E., Fox, P. Keolu, Fu, Wenqing, Gordon, Adam, Gravel, Simon, Jarvik, Gail P., Johnsen, Jill M., Kan, Mengyuan, Kenny, Eimear E., Kidd, Jeffrey M., Lara-Garduno, Fremiet, Leal, Suzanne M., Liu, Dajiang J., McGee, Sean, O’Connor, Timothy D., Paeper, Bryan, Robertson, Peggy D., Smith, Joshua D., Staples, Jeffrey C., Tennessen, Jacob A., Turner, Emily H., Wang, Gao, Yi, Qian, Jackson, Rebecca, Peters, Ulrike, Carlson, Christopher S., Anderson, Garnet, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Assimes, Themistocles L., Auer, Paul L., Beresford, Shirley, Bizon, Chris, Black, Henry, Brunner, Robert, Brzyski, Robert, Burwen, Dale, Caan, Bette, Carty, Cara L., Chlebowski, Rowan, Cummings, Steven, Curb, J. David, Eaton, Charles B., Ford, Leslie, Franceschini, Nora, Fullerton, Stephanie M., Gass, Margery, Geller, Nancy, Heiss, Gerardo, Howard, Barbara V., Hsu, Li, Hutter, Carolyn M., Ioannidis, John, Jiao, Shuo, Johnson, Karen C., Kooperberg, Charles, Kuller, Lewis, LaCroix, Andrea, Lakshminarayan, Kamakshi, Lane, Dorothy, Lasser, Norman, LeBlanc, Erin, Li, Kuo-Ping, Limacher, Marian, Lin, Dan-Yu, Logsdon, Benjamin A., Ludlam, Shari, Manson, JoAnn E., Margolis, Karen, Martin, Lisa, McGowan, Joan, Monda, Keri L., Kotchen, Jane Morley, Nathan, Lauren, Ockene, Judith, O’Sullivan, Mary Jo, Phillips, Lawrence S., Prentice, Ross L., Robbins, John, Robinson, Jennifer G., Rossouw, Jacques E., Sangi-Haghpeykar, Haleh, Sarto, Gloria E., Shumaker, Sally, Simon, Michael S., Stefanick, Marcia L., Stein, Evan, Tang, Hua, Taylor, Kira C., Thomson, Cynthia A., Thornton, Timothy A., Van Horn, Linda, Vitolins, Mara, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Wallace, Robert, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Zeng, Donglin, Applebaum-Bowden, Deborah, Feolo, Michael, Gan, Weiniu, Paltoo, Dina N., Sholinsky, Phyliss, Sturcke, Anne, Zhang, He, Xue, Chenyi, Schmidt, Ellen M., Tang, Zheng-Zheng, Auer, Paul, Li, Kuo-ping, Flannick, Jason, Zhang, Ji, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gaulton, Kyle, Lindgren, Cecilia, Locke, Adam, Manning, Alisa, Sim, Xueling, Holmen, Oddgeir L., Gottesman, Omri, Lu, Yingchang, Ruderfer, Douglas, Stahl, Eli A., Duan, Qing, Li, Yun, Durda, Peter, Isaacs, Aaron, Hofman, Albert, Bis, Joshua C., Correa, Adolfo, Griswold, Michael E., Jakobsdottir, Johanna, Smith, Albert V., Schreiner, Pamela J., Feitosa, Mary F., Zhang, Qunyuan, Huffman, Jennifer E., Wassel, Christina L., Martin, Lisa W., Rosenthal, Elisabeth A., Tsai, Michael, Fox, Ervin R., Jackson, Rebecca D., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Uitterlinden, André G., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Jr., Borecki, Ingrid B., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Chen, Y. Eugene, Bottinger, Erwin P., Loos, Ruth J.F., Sætrom, Pål, Hveem, Kristian, Boehnke, Michael, Groop, Leif, McCarthy, Mark, Meitinger, Thomas, North, Kari E., Altshuler, David, and Abecasis, Goncalo R.

Published
2014
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136. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-Term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials

Author

Manson, JoAnn E., Aragaki, Aaron K., Rossouw, Jacques E., Anderson, Garnet L., Prentice, Ross L., LaCroix, Andrea Z., Chlebowski, Rowan T., Howard, Barbara V., Thomson, Cynthia A., Margolis, Karen L., Lewis, Cora E., Stefanick, Marcia L., Jackson, Rebecca D., Johnson, Karen C., Martin, Lisa W., Shumaker, Sally A., Espeland, Mark A., and Wactawski-Wende, Jean

Published
2018
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142. Effects of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Womenʼs Health Initiative: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Schnatz, Peter F., Jiang, Xuezhi, Aragaki, Aaron K., Nudy, Matthew, OʼSullivan, David M., Williams, Mark, LeBlanc, Erin S., Martin, Lisa W., Manson, JoAnn E., Shikany, James M., Johnson, Karen C., Stefanick, Marcia L., Payne, Martha E., Cauley, Jane A., Howard, Barbara V., and Robbins, John

Published
2017
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143. Effects of Longitudinal Glucose Exposure on Cognitive and Physical Function: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Movement and Memory Study

Author

Beavers, Kristen M., Leng, Iris, Rapp, Stephen R., Miller, Michael E., Houston, Denise K., Marsh, Anthony P., Hire, Don G., Baker, Laura D., Bray, George A., Blackburn, George L., Hergenroeder, Andrea L., Jakicic, John M., Johnson, Karen C., Korytkowski, Mary T., Dorsten, Brent Van, and Kritchevsky, Stephen B.

Published
2017
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144. Association of Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups With Cognitive Status Without Modification From Lifestyle Intervention.

Author

Bancks, Michael P., Lovato, James, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Coday, Mace, Johnson, Karen C., Munshi, Medha, Rebello, Candida, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., and Espeland, Mark A.

Abstract

Context: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for incident dementia but whether risk and treatment/prevention strategies differ by diabetes subgroup is unknown. Objective: We assessed (1) whether specific type 2 diabetes (T2D) subgroups are associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD), and (2) whether T2D subgroups modified the association of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) multidomain intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) with MCI/PD. Methods: We included 3760 Look AHEAD participants with T2D and overweight or obesity randomly assigned to 10 years of ILI or diabetes support and education. We used k-means clustering techniques with data on age of diabetes diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to characterize diabetes subgroups at randomization. Prevalent MCI/PD were centrally adjudicated based on standardized cognitive tests and other health information 10 to 13 years after randomization. We estimated marginal probabilities for prevalent MCI/PD among T2D subgroups with adjustment for potential confounders and attrition and examined whether ILI modified any associations. Results: Four distinct T2D subgroups were identified, characterized by older age at diabetes onset (43% of sample), high HbA1c (13%), severe obesity (23%), and younger age at onset (22%). Unadjusted prevalence of MCI/PD (314 cases, 8.4%) differed across T2D subgroup (older onset=10.5%, severe obesity=9.0%, high HbA1c=7.9%, and younger onset=4.0%). Adjusted probability for MCI/PD within T2D subgroup was highest for the severe obesity subgroup and lowest for the younger onset subgroup but did not differ by ILI arm (interaction P value=0.84). Conclusions: Among individuals with T2D and overweight or obesity, probability of MCI/PD differed by T2D subgroup. Probability of MCI/PD was highest for a subgroup characterized by severe obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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145. Association of tea-drinking habits with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective cohort study among postmenopausal women.

Author

Wang, Zikun, Arthur, Rhonda, Shadyab, Aladdin H., Saquib, Nazmus, Johnson, Karen C., Snetselaar, Linda G., Mu, Lina, Chen, Zhongxue, and Luo, Juhua

Subjects
CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia, B cell lymphoma, POSTMENOPAUSE, TEA, DRINKING behavior, NON-Hodgkin's lymphoma, LONGITUDINAL method, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

Although biological evidence suggests that tea consumption may protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), epidemiological evidence has been unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between tea-drinking habits and the risk of NHL in a large nationwide prospective cohort of postmenopausal US women. 68 854 women who were enrolled from 1993 through 1998 in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and responded to year 3 annual follow-up questionnaire comprised the analytic cohort. Newly diagnosed NHL cases after the year 3 visit were confirmed by medical and pathology reports. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess the associations of tea-drinking habits (specifically, the amounts of caffeinated/herbal/decaffeinated tea intake) with the overall risk of NHL and three major subtypes (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n 195, 0·3 %), follicular lymphoma (n 128, 0·2 %) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (n 51, 0·1 %)). Among 62 622 participants, a total of 663 (1·1 %) women developed NHL during a median follow-up of 16·51 (sd 6·20) years. Overall, different amounts of type-specific tea intake were not associated with the risk of NHL regardless of its histologic subtypes after adjustment for confounders. Our findings suggest that tea intake at the current consumption level does not influence the risk of NHL, regardless of its histologic types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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146. Home Literacy Experiences and Shared Reading Practices: Preschoolers With Hearing Loss.

Author

DesJardin, Jean L, Stika, Carren J, Eisenberg, Laurie S, Johnson, Karen C, Ganguly, Dianne Hammes, and Henning, Shirley C

Subjects
HOME environment, LITERACY, TEACHING methods, SELF-evaluation, PARENTS of children with disabilities, CHILD behavior, LANGUAGE & languages, EXPERIENCE, PARENTING, COMPARATIVE studies, HEARING disorders, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, PARENT-child relationships, READING, LONGITUDINAL method, VIDEO recording, CHILDREN
Abstract

Home literacy experiences and observed parent and child behaviors during shared book reading were investigated in preschool-age children with hearing loss and with typical hearing to examine the relationships between those factors and children's language skills. The methods involved parent-reported home literacy experiences and videotaped parent–child dyads during shared book reading. Children's language skills were tested using the Preschool Language Scale-4. The results indicated significant differences between groups for home literacy experiences and observed parent and child behaviors. Parents of children with hearing loss were found to read more frequently to their children than parents of children with typical hearing, yet scored lower for literacy strategies and teaching techniques compared to parents of children with typical hearing. Children with hearing loss scored lower in interactive reading behaviors compared to children with typical hearing. For children with hearing loss, frequency of book reading and child interactive reading behaviors were strong predictive factors for children's language skills. These results suggest that families of children with hearing loss would benefit from professional support as they read storybooks to their children. Similarly, children with hearing loss should be encouraged to be more interactive during shared book reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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148. 1066-P: Association of T2D Subgroups with MCI/Dementia

Author

BANCKS, MICHAEL, primary, LOVATO, JAMES, additional, BALASUBRAMANYAM, ASHOK, additional, CODAY, MACE, additional, JOHNSON, KAREN C., additional, MUNSHI, MEDHA, additional, REBELLO, CANDIDA J., additional, WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE E., additional, and ESPELAND, MARK, additional

Published
2022
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149. Low Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Older Women. Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Long Life Study

Author

Haring, Bernhard, primary, McGinn, Aileen P, additional, Kamensky, Victor, additional, Allison, Matthew, additional, Stefanick, Marcia L, additional, Schnatz, Peter F, additional, Kuller, Lewis H, additional, Berger, Jeffrey S, additional, Johnson, Karen C, additional, Saquib, Nazmus, additional, Garcia, Lorena, additional, Richey, Phyllis A, additional, Manson, JoAnn E, additional, Alderman, Michael, additional, and Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, additional

Published
2022
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150. Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure

Author

Kurella Tamura, Manjula, primary, Gaussoin, Sarah, additional, Pajewski, Nicholas M., additional, Zaharchuk, Greg, additional, Freedman, Barry I., additional, Rapp, Stephen R., additional, Auchus, Alexander P., additional, Haley, William E., additional, Oparil, Suzanne, additional, Kendrick, Jessica, additional, Roumie, Christianne L., additional, Beddhu, Srinivasan, additional, Cheung, Alfred K., additional, Williamson, Jeff D., additional, Detre, John A., additional, Dolui, Sudipto, additional, Bryan, R. Nick, additional, Nasrallah, Ilya M., additional, Whelton, Paul, additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Snyder, Joni, additional, Bild, Diane, additional, Bonds, Denise, additional, Cook, Nakela, additional, Cutler, Jeffrey, additional, Fine, Lawrence, additional, Kaufmann, Peter, additional, Kimmel, Paul, additional, Launer, Lenore, additional, Moy, Claudia, additional, Riley, William, additional, Ryan, Laurie, additional, Tolunay, Eser, additional, Yang, Song, additional, Reboussin, David, additional, Williamson, Jeff, additional, Ambrosius, Walter T., additional, Applegate, William, additional, Evans, Greg, additional, Foy, Capri, additional, Kitzman, Dalane, additional, Lyles, Mary, additional, Pajewski, Nick, additional, Rapp, Steve, additional, Rushing, Scott, additional, Shah, Neel, additional, Sink, Kaycee M., additional, Vitolins, Mara, additional, Wagenknecht, Lynne, additional, Wilson, Valerie, additional, Perdue, Letitia, additional, Woolard, Nancy, additional, Craven, Tim, additional, Garcia, Katelyn, additional, Lovato, Laura, additional, Newman, Jill, additional, Lovato, James, additional, Lu, Lingyi, additional, McLouth, Chris, additional, Russell, Greg, additional, Amoroso, Bobby, additional, Davis, Patty, additional, Griffin, Jason, additional, Harris, Darrin, additional, King, Mark, additional, Lane, Kathy, additional, Roberson, Wes, additional, Steinberg, Debbie, additional, Ashford, Donna, additional, Babcock, Phyllis, additional, Chamberlain, Dana, additional, Christensen, Vickie, additional, Cloud, Loretta, additional, Collins, Christy, additional, Cook, Delilah, additional, Currie, Katherine, additional, Felton, Debbie, additional, Harpe, Stacy, additional, Howard, Marjorie, additional, Lewis, Michelle, additional, Nance, Pamela, additional, Puccinelli-Ortega, Nicole, additional, Russell, Laurie, additional, Walker, Jennifer, additional, Craven, Brenda, additional, Goode, Candace, additional, Troxler, Margie, additional, Davis, Janet, additional, Hutchens, Sarah, additional, Killeen, Anthony A., additional, Lukkari, Anna M., additional, Ringer, Robert, additional, Dillard, Brandi, additional, Archibeque, Norbert, additional, Warren, Stuart, additional, Sather, Mike, additional, Pontzer, James, additional, Taylor, Zach, additional, Soliman, Elsayed Z., additional, Zhang, Zhu-Ming, additional, Li, Yabing, additional, Campbell, Chuck, additional, Hensley, Susan, additional, Hu, Julie, additional, Keasler, Lisa, additional, Barr, Mary, additional, Taylor, Tonya, additional, Davatzikos, Christos, additional, Nasarallah, Ilya, additional, Desiderio, Lisa, additional, Elliott, Mark, additional, Borthakur, Ari, additional, Battapady, Harsha, additional, Erus, Guray, additional, Smith, Alex, additional, Wang, Ze, additional, Doshi, Jimit, additional, Wright, Jackson T., additional, Rahman, Mahboob, additional, Lerner, Alan J., additional, Still, Carolyn, additional, Wiggers, Alan, additional, Zamanian, Sara, additional, Bee, Alberta, additional, Dancie, Renee, additional, Thomas, George, additional, Schreiber, Martin, additional, Navaneethan, Sankar Dass, additional, Hickner, John, additional, Lioudis, Michael, additional, Lard, Michelle, additional, Marczewski, Susan, additional, Maraschky, Jennifer, additional, Colman, Martha, additional, Aaby, Andrea, additional, Payne, Stacey, additional, Ramos, Melanie, additional, Horner, Carol, additional, Drawz, Paul, additional, Raghavendra, Pratibha P., additional, Ober, Scott, additional, Mourad, Ronda, additional, Pallaki, Muralidhar, additional, Russo, Peter, additional, Raghavendra, Pratibha, additional, Fantauzzo, Pual, additional, Tucker, Lisa, additional, Schwing, Bill, additional, Sedor, John R., additional, Horwitz, Edward J., additional, Schellling, Jeffrey R., additional, O’Toole, John F., additional, Humbert, Lisa, additional, Tutolo, Wendy, additional, White, Suzanne, additional, Gay, Alishea, additional, Clark, Walter, additional, Hughes, Robin, additional, Dobre, Mirela, additional, Still, Carolyn H., additional, Williams, Monique, additional, Bhatt, Udayan, additional, Hebert, Lee, additional, Agarwal, Anil, additional, Murphy, Melissa Brown, additional, Ford, Nicole, additional, Stratton, Cynthia, additional, Baxter, Jody, additional, Lykins, Alicia A., additional, McKinley Neal Leena Hirmath, Alison, additional, Kwame, Osei, additional, Soe, Kyaw, additional, Miser, William F., additional, Sagrilla, Colleen, additional, Johnston, Jan, additional, Anaya, Amber, additional, Mintos, Ashley, additional, Howell, Angel A., additional, Rogers, Kelly, additional, Taylor, Sara, additional, Ebersbacher, Donald, additional, Long, Lucy, additional, Bednarchik, Beth, additional, Schnall, Adrian, additional, Smith, Jonathan, additional, Peysha, Lori, additional, Leach, Lisa, additional, Tribout, Megan, additional, Harwell, Carla, additional, Ellington, Pinkie, additional, Banerji, Mary Ann, additional, Ghody, Pranav, additional, Rambaud, Melissa Vahídeh, additional, Townsend, Raymond, additional, Cohen, Debbie, additional, Huan, Yonghong, additional, Duckworth, Mark, additional, Ford, Virginia, additional, Leshner, Juliet, additional, Davison, Ann, additional, Veen, Sarah Vander, additional, Gadegbeku, Crystal A., additional, Gillespie, Avi, additional, Paranjape, Anuradha, additional, Amoroso, Sandra, additional, Pfeffer, Zoe, additional, Quinn, Sally B., additional, He, Jiang, additional, Chen, Jing, additional, Lustigova, Eva, additional, Malone, Erin, additional, Krousel-Wood, Marie, additional, Deichmann, Richard, additional, Ronney, Patricia, additional, Muery, Susan, additional, Trapani, Donnalee, additional, Rocco, Michael, additional, Goff, David, additional, Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Coker, Laura, additional, Hawfield, Amret, additional, Yeboah, Joseph, additional, Crago, Lenore, additional, Summerson, John, additional, Hege, Anita, additional, Diamond, Matt, additional, Mulloy, Laura, additional, Hodges, Marcela, additional, Collins, Michelle, additional, Weathers, Charlene, additional, Anderson, Heather, additional, Stone, Emily, additional, Walker, Walida, additional, McWilliams, Andrew, additional, Dulin, Michael, additional, Kuhn, Lindsay, additional, Standridge, Susan, additional, Lowe, Lindsay, additional, Everett, Kelly, additional, Preston, Kelry, additional, Norton, Susan, additional, Gaines, Silena, additional, Rizvi, Ali A., additional, Sides, Andrew W., additional, Herbert, Diamond, additional, Hix, Matthew M., additional, Whitmire, Melanie, additional, Arnold, Brittany, additional, Hutchinson, Philip, additional, Espiritu, Joseph, additional, Feinglos, Mark, additional, Kovalik, Eugene, additional, Gedon-Lipscomb, Georgianne, additional, Evans, Kathryn, additional, Thacker, Connie, additional, Zimmer, Ronna, additional, Furst, Mary, additional, Mason, MaryAnn, additional, Powell, James, additional, Bolin, Paul, additional, Zhang, Junhong, additional, Pinion, Mary, additional, Davis, Gail, additional, Bryant, Winifred, additional, Phelps, Presley, additional, Garris-Sutton, Connie, additional, Atkinson, Beatrice, additional, Contreras, Gabriele, additional, Suarez, Maritza, additional, Schulman, Ivonne, additional, Koggan, Don, additional, Vassallo, Jackie, additional, Peruyera, Gloria, additional, Whittington, Sheri, additional, Bethea, Cassandra, additional, Gilliam, Laura, additional, Pedley, Carolyn, additional, Zurek, Geraldine, additional, Baird, Miriam, additional, Herring, Charles, additional, Smoak, Mary Martha, additional, Williams, Julie, additional, Rogers, Samantha, additional, Gordon, Lindsay, additional, Kennedy, Erin, additional, Belle, Beverly, additional, McCorkle-Doomy, Jessica, additional, Adams, Jonathan, additional, Lopez, Ramon, additional, Janavs, Juris, additional, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, additional, Chapman, Arlene, additional, Dollar, Allen, additional, Williams, Olubunmi, additional, Han, Yoosun, additional, Haley, William, additional, Fitzpatrick, Peter, additional, Blackshear, Joseph, additional, Shapiro, Brian, additional, Harrell, Anna, additional, Palaj, Arta, additional, Henderson, Katelyn, additional, Johnson, Ashley, additional, Gonzalez, Heath, additional, Robinson, Jermaine, additional, Tamariz, Leonardo, additional, Denizard, Jennifer, additional, Barakat, Rody, additional, Krishnamoorthy, Dhurga, additional, Greenway, Frank, additional, Monce, Ron, additional, Church, Timothy, additional, Hendrick, Chelsea, additional, Yoches, Aimee, additional, Sones, Leighanne, additional, Baltazar, Markee, additional, Pemu, Priscilla, additional, Jones, Connie, additional, Akpalu, Derrick, additional, Chelune, Gordon, additional, Childs, Jeffrey, additional, Gren, Lisa, additional, Randall, Anne, additional, Dember, Laura, additional, Soares, Denise, additional, Yee, Jerry, additional, Umanath, Kausik, additional, Ogletree, Naima, additional, Thaxton, Schawana, additional, Campana, Karen, additional, Sheldon, Dayna, additional, MacArthur, Krista, additional, Muhlestein, J. Brent, additional, Allred, Nathan, additional, Clements, Brian, additional, Dhar, Ritesh, additional, Meredith, Kent, additional, Le, Viet, additional, Miner, Edward, additional, Orford, James, additional, Riessen, Erik R., additional, Ballantyne, Becca, additional, Chisum, Ben, additional, Johnson, Kevin, additional, Peeler, Dixie, additional, Chertow, Glenn, additional, Tamura, Manju, additional, Chang, Tara, additional, Erickson, Kevin, additional, Shen, Jenny, additional, Stafford, Randall S., additional, Zaharchuk, Gregory, additional, Del Cid, Margareth, additional, Dentinger, Michelle, additional, Sabino, Jennifer, additional, Sahay, Rukmani, additional, Telminova, Ekaterina, additional, Weiner, Daniel E., additional, Sarnak, Mark, additional, Chan, Lily, additional, Civiletto, Amanda, additional, Heath, Alyson, additional, Kantor, Amy, additional, Jain, Priyanka, additional, Kirkpatrick, Bethany, additional, Well, Andrew, additional, Yuen, Barry, additional, Chonchol, Michel, additional, Farmer, Beverly, additional, Farmer, Heather, additional, Greenwald, Carol, additional, Malaczewski, Mikaela, additional, Lash, James, additional, Porter, Anna, additional, Ricardo, Ana, additional, Rosman, Robert T., additional, Cohan, Janet, additional, Barrera, Nieves Lopez, additional, Meslar, Daniel, additional, Meslar, Patricia, additional, Conroy, Margaret, additional, Unruh, Mark, additional, Hess, Rachel, additional, Jhamb, Manisha, additional, Thomas, Holly, additional, Fazio, Pam, additional, Klixbull, Elle, additional, Komlos-Weimer, Melissa, additional, Mandich, LeeAnne, additional, Vita, Tina, additional, Toto, Robert, additional, Van Buren, Peter, additional, Inrig, Julia, additional, Cruz, Martha, additional, Lightfoot, Tammy, additional, Wang, Nancy, additional, Webster, Lori, additional, Raphael, Kalani, additional, Stults, Barry, additional, Zaman, Tahir, additional, Simmons, Debra, additional, Lavasani, Tooran, additional, Filipowicz, Rebecca, additional, Wei, Guo, additional, Miller, Gracie Mary, additional, Harerra, Jenice, additional, Christensen, Jeff, additional, Giri, Ajay, additional, Chen, Xiaorui, additional, Anderton, Natalie, additional, Jensen, Arianna, additional, Lewis, Julia, additional, Burgner, Anna, additional, Dwyer, Jamie P., additional, Schulman, Gerald, additional, Herrud, Terri, additional, Leavell, Ewanda, additional, McCray, Tiffany, additional, McNeil-Simaan, Edwina, additional, Poudel, Munmun, additional, Reed, Malia, additional, Sika, Mohammed, additional, Woods, Delia, additional, Zirkenbach, Janice L., additional, Raj, Dominic S., additional, Cohen, Scott, additional, Patel, Samir, additional, Velasquez, Manuel, additional, Bastian, Roshni S., additional, Wing, Maria, additional, Roy-Chaudhury, Akshay, additional, Depner, Thomas, additional, Dalyrymple, Lorien, additional, Kaysen, George, additional, Anderson, Susan, additional, Nord, John, additional, Ix, Joachim H., additional, Goldenstein, Leonard, additional, Miracle, Cynthia M., additional, Forbang, Nketi, additional, Mircic, Maja, additional, Thomas, Brenda, additional, Tran, Tiffany, additional, Rastogi, Anjay, additional, Kim, Mihae, additional, Rashid, Mohamad, additional, Lizarraga, Bianca, additional, Hocza, Amy, additional, Sarmosyan, Kristine, additional, Norris, Jason, additional, Sharma, Tushar, additional, Chioy, Amanda, additional, Bernard, Eric, additional, Cabrera, Eleanore, additional, Lopez, Christina, additional, Nunez, Susana, additional, Riad, Joseph, additional, Schweitzer, Suzanne, additional, Sirop, Siran, additional, Thomas, Sarah, additional, Wada, Lauren, additional, Kramer, Holly, additional, Bansal, Vinod, additional, Taylor, Corliss E., additional, Segal, Mark S., additional, Hall, Karen L., additional, Kazory, Amir, additional, Gilbert, Lesa, additional, Owens, Linda, additional, Poulton, Danielle, additional, Whidden, Elaine, additional, Wiggins, Jocelyn, additional, Blaum, Caroline, additional, Nyquist, Linda, additional, Min, Lillian, additional, Gure, Tanya, additional, Lewis, Ruth, additional, Mawby, Jennifer, additional, Robinson, Eileen, additional, Lewis, Cora E., additional, Bradley, Virginia, additional, Calhoun, David, additional, Glasser, Stephen, additional, Jenkins, Kim, additional, Ramsey, Tom, additional, Qureshi, Nauman, additional, Ferguson, Karen, additional, Haider, Sumrah, additional, James, Mandy, additional, Jones, Christy, additional, Renfroe, Kim, additional, Seay, April, additional, Weigart, Carrie, additional, Thornley-Brown, Denyse, additional, Rizik, Dana, additional, Cotton, Bari, additional, Fitz-Gerald, Meredith, additional, Grimes, Tiffany, additional, Johnson, Carolyn, additional, Kennedy, Sara, additional, Mason, Chanel, additional, Rosato-Burson, Lesa, additional, Willingham, Robin, additional, Judd, Eric, additional, Breaux-Shropshire, Tonya, additional, Cook, Felice, additional, Medina, Julia, additional, Ghazi, Lama, additional, Bhatt, Hemal, additional, Lewis, James, additional, Brantley, Roman, additional, Brouilette, John, additional, Glaze, Jeffrey, additional, Hall, Stephanie, additional, Hiott, Nancy, additional, Tharpe, David, additional, Boddy, Spencer, additional, Mack, Catherine, additional, Womack, Catherine, additional, Asao, Keiko, additional, Griffin, Beate, additional, Hendrix, Carol, additional, Johnson, Karen, additional, Jones, Lisa, additional, Towers, Chelsea, additional, Punzi, Henry, additional, Cassidy, Kathy, additional, Schumacher, Kristin, additional, Irizarry, Carmen, additional, Colon, Ilma, additional, Colon-Ortiz, Pedro, additional, Colón-Hernández, Pedro J., additional, Carrasquillo-Navarro, Orlando J., additional, Carrasquillo, Merari, additional, Vazquez, Nivea, additional, Sosa-Padilla, Miguel, additional, Cintron-Pinero, Alex, additional, Ayala, Mayra, additional, Pacheco, Olga, additional, Rivera, Catalina, additional, Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Irma, additional, 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Reiner, additional, Bigger, Thomas, additional, Bello, Natalie, additional, Homma, Shunichi, additional, Donovan, Daniel, additional, Lopez-Jimenez, Carlos, additional, Tirado, Amilcar, additional, Getaneh, Asqual, additional, Tang, Rocky, additional, Durant, Sabrina, additional, Maurer, Mathew, additional, Teruya, Sergio, additional, Helmke, Stephen, additional, Alvarez, Julissa, additional, Campbell, Ruth, additional, Pisoni, Roberto, additional, Sturdivant, Rachel, additional, Brooks, Deborah, additional, Counts, Caroline, additional, Hunt, Vickie, additional, Spillers, Lori, additional, Brautigam, Donald, additional, Kitchen, Timothy, additional, Gorman, Timothy, additional, Sayers, Jessica, additional, Button, Sarah, additional, Chiarot, June, additional, Fischer, Rosemary, additional, Lyon, Melissa, additional, Resnick, Maria, additional, Hodges, Nicole, additional, Ferreira, Jennifer, additional, Cushman, William, additional, Wall, Barry, additional, Nichols, Linda, additional, Burns, Robert, additional, Martindale-Adams, Jennifer, additional, Berlowitz, Dan, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Walsh, Sandy, additional, Geraci, Terry, additional, Huff, Carol, additional, Shaw, Linda, additional, Servilla, Karen, additional, Vigil, Darlene, additional, Barrett, Terry, additional, Sweeney, Mary Ellen, additional, Johnson, Rebecca, additional, McConnell, Susan, additional, Salles, Khadijeh Shahid, additional, Watson, Francoise, additional, Schenk, Cheryl, additional, Whittington, Laura, additional, Maher, Maxine, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Swartz, Stephen, additional, Conlin, Paul, additional, Alexis, George, additional, Lamkin, Rebecca, additional, Underwood, Patti, additional, Gomes, Helen, additional, Rosendorff, Clive, additional, Atlas, Stephen, additional, Khan, Saadat, additional, Gonzalez, Waddy, additional, Barcham, Samih, additional, Kwon, Lawrence, additional, Matar, Matar, additional, Adhami, Anwar, additional, Basile, Jan, additional, John, Joseph, additional, Ham, Deborah, additional, Baig, Hadi, additional, Saklayen, Mohammed, additional, Yap, Jason, additional, Neff, Helen, additional, Miller, Carol, additional, Zheng-Phelan, Ling, additional, Gappy, Saib, additional, Rau, Shiva, additional, Raman, Arathi, additional, Berchou, Vicki, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Olgren, Erin, additional, Marbury, Cynthia, additional, Yudd, Michael, additional, Sastrasinh, Sithiporn, additional, Michaud, Jennine, additional, Fiore, Jessica, additional, Kutza, Marianne, additional, Shorr, Ronald, additional, Mount, Rattana, additional, Dunn, Helen, additional, Stinson, Susan, additional, Hunter, Jessica, additional, Taylor, Addison, additional, Bates, Jeffery, additional, Anderson, Catherine, additional, Kirchner, Kent, additional, Stubbs, Jodi, additional, Hinton, Ardell, additional, Spencer, Anita, additional, Sharma, Santosh, additional, Wiegmann, Thomas, additional, Mehta, Smita, additional, Krause, Michelle, additional, Dishongh, Kate, additional, Childress, Richard, additional, Gyamlani, Geeta, additional, Niakan, Atossa, additional, Thompson, Cathy, additional, Moody, Janelle, additional, Gresham, Carolyn, additional, Whittle, Jeffrey, additional, Barnas, Gary, additional, Wolfgram, Dawn, additional, Cortese, Heidi, additional, Johnson, Jonette, additional, Roumie, Christianne, additional, Hung, Adriana, additional, Wharton, Jennifer, additional, Niesner, Kurt, additional, Katz, Lois, additional, Richardson, Elizabeth, additional, Brock, George, additional, Holland, Joanne, additional, Dixon, Troy, additional, Zias, Athena, additional, Spiller, Christine, additional, Baker, Penelope, additional, Felicetta, James, additional, Rehman, Shakaib, additional, Bingham, Kelli, additional, Watnick, Suzanne, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Weiss, Jessica, additional, Johnston, Tera, additional, Giddings, Stephen, additional, Yamout, Hala, additional, Klein, Andrew, additional, Rowe, Caroline, additional, Vargo, Kristin, additional, Waidmann, Kristi, additional, Papademetriou, Vasilios, additional, Elkhoury, Jean Pierre, additional, Gregory, Barbara, additional, Amodeo, Susan, additional, Bloom, Mary, additional, Goldfarb-Waysman, Dalia, additional, Treger, Richard, additional, Kashefi, Mehran, additional, Huang, Christina, additional, Knibloe, Karen, additional, Ishani, Areef, additional, Slinin, Yelena, additional, Olney, Christine, additional, Rust, Jacqueline, additional, Fanti, Paolo, additional, Dyer, Christopher, additional, Bansal, Shweta, additional, Dunnam, Monica, additional, Hu, Lih-Lan, additional, and Zarate-Abbott, Perla, additional

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2022
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