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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Rezūm is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that uses injections of sterile water vapor directly into the prostate for ablation. Althou...

A magnetic compass sense has been demonstrated in all major classes of vertebrates, as well as in many invertebrates. In mammals, controlled laboratory studies of mice have provided evidence for a robust magnetic compass that is comparable to, or exceeds, the performance of that in other animals. Nevertheless, the vast majority of laboratory studies of spatial behavior and cognition in murine rodents have failed to produce evidence of sensitivity to magnetic cues. Given the central role that a magnetic compass sense plays in the spatial ecology and cognition of non-mammalian vertebrates, and the potential utility that a global/universal reference frame derived from the magnetic field would have in mammals, the question of why responses to magnetic cues have been so difficult to demonstrate reliably is of considerable importance. In this paper, we review evidence that the magnetic compass of murine rodents shares a number of properties with light-dependent compasses in a wide variety of other animals generally believed to be mediated by a radical pair mechanism (RPM) or related quantum process. Consistent with the RPM, we summarize both published and previously unpublished findings suggesting that the murine rodent compass is sensitive to low-level radio frequency (RF) fields. Finally, we argue that the presence of anthropogenic RF fields in laboratory settings, may be an important source of variability in responses of murine rodents to magnetic cues.

OBJECTIVE Rezūm vapor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that uses injections of sterile water vapor directly into the prostate for tissue ablation. Although Rezūm is currently indicated for use in men with prostate sizes ≥30 and ≤80 ml, it is unclear how effective Rezūm is for men in urinary retention. We sought to determine whether Rezūm is effective in the treatment of catheter-dependent urinary retention secondary to BPH. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive patients who presented for urinary retention and subsequently treated with Rezūm. We evaluated procedural details and examined variables pre- and post-Rezūm (at 6 months) including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life (IPSS-QOL), maximum flow (Qmax ), post void residual volume (PVR), prostate specific antigen, rate of retention, and use of alpha blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI). RESULTS Of the 49 patients included in this study, median age of was 73 years, median prostate volume was 73cc (Interquartile range [IQR]: 50, 103) and a median lobe was present in 80% of patients. All patients were in urinary retention before treatment with a median PVR of 900 ml (IQR: 566, 1146). Following Rezum, IPSS (17 pre-Rezūm, 4 post-Rezūm) and IPSS-QOL (4 pre-Rezūm, 1 post-Rezūm) both improved at 6 months (p

Over the last few years, we have witnessed tremendous progress on many subtasks of autonomous driving, including perception, motion forecasting, and motion planning. However, these systems often assume that the car is accurately localized against a high-definition map. In this paper we question this assumption, and investigate the issues that arise in state-of-the-art autonomy stacks under localization error. Based on our observations, we design a system that jointly performs perception, prediction, and localization. Our architecture is able to reuse computation between both tasks, and is thus able to correct localization errors efficiently. We show experiments on a large-scale autonomy dataset, demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed approach., Comment: CVPR 21

This is the first study to report the whole match, ball-in-play (BiP), ball-out-of-play (BoP), and Max BiP (worst case scenario phases of play) demands of professional soccer players competing in the English Championship. Effective playing time per soccer game is typically &lt, 60 min. When the ball is out of play, players spend time repositioning themselves, which is likely less physically demanding. Consequently, reporting whole match demands may under-report the physical requirements of soccer players. Twenty professional soccer players, categorized by position (defenders, midfielders, and forwards), participated in this study. A repeated measures design was used to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) data over eight professional soccer matches in the English Championship. Data were divided into whole match and BiP data, and BiP data were further sub-divided into different time points (30–60 s, 60–90 s, and &gt, 90 s), providing peak match demands. Whole match demands recorded were compared to BiP and Max BiP, with BiP data excluding all match stoppages, providing a more precise analysis of match demands. Whole match metrics were significantly lower than BiP metrics (p &lt, 0.05), and Max BiP for 30–60 s was significantly higher than periods between 60–90 s and &gt, 90 s. No significant differences were found between positions. BiP analysis allows for a more accurate representation of the game and physical demands imposed on professional soccer players. Through having a clearer understanding of maximum game demands in professional soccer, practitioners can design more specific training methods to better prepare players for worst case scenario passages of play.

Introduction: The widespread use of diagnostic and therapeutic ionizing radiation raises concerns regarding excessive occupational and patient exposure. In this study, we test a novel fluo...

Basalt is one of the main components of megathrust faults in subduction zones where the world's largest earthquakes are generated. Paradoxically, pseudotachylytes have never been reported from basaltic rocks deformed at conditions compatible with the thermally-defined seismogenic zone. We report the first discovery of pseudotachylyte from oceanic crustal basalt, identified by microstructural criteria. The fault is located within a Late Cretaceous subduction complex, the Mugi Melange, and either formed along the plate interface during subduction or within the upper plate during underplating. After solidifying, the pseudotachylytes were fragmented by cataclasis and subsequently partially hydrated to produce phyllosilicates. Previous experiments using dry, felsic lithologies as starting material have shown that pseudotachylytes can be as strong as their host rock, deterring re-activation and favoring their preservation over geologic time. However, we show that where fluid is present, pseudotachylyte can be replaced by phyllosilicate-rich layers with a low frictional strength. The rate of dissolution is dependent on the bulk composition of the pseudotachylyte, with dissolution of mafic glasses occurring at least three orders of magnitude faster than felsic glasses. Under hydrothermal conditions, the replacement of pseudotachylytes by layers of frictionally weak phyllosilicates is predicted to occur over time intervals shorter than the megathrust earthquake cycle. This process likely reduces fault strength and promotes reactivation.

Following Henry James, literary-critical practices presume the autonomy and integrity of the literary text. The roman à clef meanwhile troubles this autonomy by presuming a transparent and concrete relation between text and world. By turning to the late nineteenth-century writer Vernon Lee, who elevates reference as a vital principle of all literary representation, this essay argues that the roman à clef challenges our assumptions about the value of reference. Lee’s novel Miss Brown (1884), a roman à clef about British aestheticism, is treated as a privileged case study for reading this alternative history of the novel. By focusing on the provisionality of literature, which Lee calls a “half-art,” this essay argues that literature’s reference to an external context provides a point of departure for thinking about women’s disempowerment and vulnerability in late nineteenth-century British culture. At the same time, it argues that provisionality offers a model for considering the broader consequences of limitation and determination in the history of the novel.

Cranial index is a widely used 2-dimensional measure of skull form. It has traditionally been calculated as a ratio of the maximal cranial width divided by the maximal skull length. Nevertheless, the points of maximal skull length change dramatically in sagittal craniosynostosis due to variable degrees of frontal and occipital bossing. Therefore, such anatomical changes influence the calculated cranial index. Method This is a retrospective comparative study of 2 methods of measuring cranial index; the traditional method that measures the skull length from glabella to opithcranion versus a modified method that measures the maximal skull length from the most anterior point of the frontal bossing to opithcranion. Cranial indices for 115 patients of radiologically and clinically diagnosed nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis were calculated using both methods. Correlation and Agreements Limits were calculated for comparison between the 2 methods. Results Males constituted 74.8% (n = 86) of the total sample size with the remaining 29 participants identified as female. The mean age of the study participants was 4.8 months (range 8 days-12 months). The 2 methods were strongly correlated (r = 0.94). The Agreement Limits were calculated to be between 4.02% and 0.18%. Conclusion Typical anatomical changes such as variable degrees of frontal and occipital bossing influence the accuracy of cranial index measurement in sagittal craniosynostosis. Traditional method of cephalic index measurement could underestimate the severity of scaphocephaly.

The inter-Asian contexts signaled in the title of this special issue serve a precise limiting role in relation to the issue’s topic (humans and networks) that is neither arbitrary nor determined by...

OBJECTIVE To assess interviewing applicant perceptions of a virtual urology residency interview in the setting of changes mandated by COVID-19 and to determine applicant preference for virtual or in person interviews. Applicant perceptions of multiple interview components were queried to identify program specific and interview modality specific strengths or weaknesses in the 2020 to 2021 Urology Match. METHODS A 12 question multiple choice and free text survey was emailed to 66 virtually interviewed applicants for open residency positions at a metropolitan training program after conclusion of interviews. Items of interest included interview type preference, overall interview impression, and recommendations for improvement. RESULTS A total of 50 of 66 (76%) applicants completed the survey corresponding to approximately 11% of the 2020 national urology applicant pool. A total of 49 of 50 (96%) respondents assessed faculty interaction and the virtual platform positively. A total of 38 of 50 (76%) was satisfied with their resident interaction and 32 of 50 (64%) applicants stated they were able to satisfactorily evaluate the site and program. Ultimately, 39 of 50 (78%) respondents would have preferred an in person interview to our virtual interview. Respondents cited challenges in assessing program culture and program physical site virtually. CONCLUSION The majority of survey respondents indicated a preference for in person interviews. A smaller proportion of applicants preferred virtual interviews citing their convenience and lower cost. Efforts to improve the virtual interview experience may focus on improving applicant-resident interaction and remote site assessment.

We identify a sample of spectroscopically measured emission line galaxy (ELG) pairs up to z=1.6 from the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels (WISP) survey. WISP obtained slitless, near-infrared grism spectroscopy along with direct imaging in the J and H bands by observing in the pure-parallel mode with the Wide Field Camera Three (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From our search of 419 WISP fields covering an area of ~0.5 deg$^{2}$, we find 413 ELG pair systems, mostly Halpha emitters. We then derive reliable star formation rates (SFRs) based on the attenuation-corrected Halpha fluxes. Compared to isolated galaxies, we find an average SFR enhancement of 40%-65%, which is stronger for major pairs and pairs with smaller velocity separations (Delta_v < 300 km/s). Based on the stacked spectra from various subsamples, we study the trends of emission line ratios in pairs, and find a general consistency with enhanced lower-ionization lines. We study the pair fraction among ELGs, and find a marginally significant increase with redshift $f \propto (1+z)^\alpha$, where the power-law index \alpha=0.58$\pm$0.17 from $z\sim$0.2 to $z\sim$1.6. The fraction of Active galactic Nuclei (AGNs), is found to be the same in the ELG pairs as compared to isolated ELGs., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

This introduction to the special section ‘The Half-Life of the Avant-Garde: 50 Years On from 50 Years On’ explains why the section is conceived to look back at the century since the First World War. It is designed to offer ways of rethinking the concept and the role of the anniversary, where the First World War constitutes the memorialized event. The organization of the section follows the movement between often hidden or submerged forms of continuity. It attempts to think some of the aesthetic and technological legacies and inheritances of the First World War in its durational 100th anniversary (2014–18) through a specific temporal strategy most succinctly captured in the phrase ‘50 years on from 50 years on’. The entry point is the middle of the 20th century, allowing contributors to work backward and forward by examining links between the three separate temporal frames (1964–68, 1914–18 and 2014–18). The consistency but also the strangeness of critical practices, as world history passes with its violent climaxes and depressions, has unique contours in each frame, with Dada providing an exemplary through-line.

The use of telemedicine for mentoring and proctoring is long-standing, but only in recent years has it been applied to the many specialties in surgery. Despite being relatively new, the concept of telepresence and telesurgery and the new technological advances in robotic surgery have made possible telementoring and teleproctoring in many disciplines including such as e-ICU consultations and advise on how to manage a critically ill patient. This form of telementoring and teleproctoring is probably best known clinically relevant, yet it has been accepted as routine care. Other forms of telementoring and teleproctoring include telemedicine and telepresence applications for trauma, emergency management. In this chapter we will address telementoring, and to a lesser degree teleproctoring in just about all surgical disciplines with exception of gynecology and orthopedics.

Objective To characterize the rates of endovascular stapler complications during hilar ligation in minimally invasive radical nephrectomy over the last 10 years. Material and Methods We reviewed the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database from January 1, 2009 to August 1, 2019. Staplers were categorized according to type, namely Ethicon Inc. endocutters (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick NJ); Endo-GIA (Medtronic, Minneapolis MN); and Endo-TA (Medtronic, Minneapolis MN). Results There were 383 cases of complications involving staplers, 63% with Ethicon endocutters; 28% with GIA; and 9% with TA. 22 deaths (5.7% of total complications) were attributed to staplers. No deaths or reoperations occurred due to TA staplers. TA staplers were also associated with a reduced incidence of conversion to open as compared to Ethicon and GIA staplers. Apart from one device, manufacturer evaluation of returned devices either showed no abnormalities or attributed fault to improper use of staplers. Discussion We characterized stapler complications during a 10-year period for minimally invasive radical nephrectomy. No deaths or reoperations occurred due to TA staplers, perhaps due to cutting and stapling occurring in separate steps. Based on manufacturer evaluation attributing stapling malfunctions to human errors, training of operating room staff on proper use of these devices is critical to prevent potentially significant complications from occurring.

Atropine eye drops and myopic retinal defocus each slow progression of myopia (short-sight). They also cause thickening of the choroid, and it has been suggested that the thickening is a precursor for reduced eye growth and slowed myopia progression. We investigated whether choroidal thickening due to optical defocus would add to thickening due to atropine when both were applied simultaneously. Addition would suggest that combining the two clinical treatments may improve efficacy of myopia control. We studied 20 children receiving 0.3% atropine daily for myopia control, over a period of 6 months. We imposed short periods of retinal defocus (1 h of myopic or hyperopic defocus (± 2.00D)) both before, and after 1 week and 3 and 6 months of atropine treatment. Prior to atropine, myopic or hyperopic defocus caused significantly thicker or thinner choroids respectively (± 12 µm, p