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The RSI Technical Working Group (TWG) developed a recommendation for a general RSI equation that is consistent with the language and intent of DoD Instruction 3200.19.

Poor communication between police and the public (particularly people who lack a full language proficiency) runs the risk of injustice and of inefficiencies in police procedures. This paper discusses revisions to the New South Wales Police Code of Practice designed to encourage interpreter use, improve interviews, and enhance the intelligibility of scripted 'cautions'. Each of these issues is framed in terms of a model of applied linguistics in which an issue or problem is defined (reflection), a solution is proposed and implemented (action), and the success of the solution is examined (evaluation). The changes to the Code of Practice have been implemented.

This paper argues that the role of knowledge in the explanation and production of intentional action is as indispensable as the roles of belief and desire. If we are interested in explaining intentional actions rather than intentions or attempts, we need to make reference to more than the agent's beliefs and desires. It is easy to see how the truth of your beliefs, or perhaps, facts about a setting will be involved in the explanation of an action. If you believe you can stop your car by pressing a pedal, then, if your belief is true, you will stop. If it is false, you will not. By considering cases of unintentional actions, actions involving luck and cases of deviant causal chains, I show why knowledge is required. By looking at the notion of causal relevance, I argue that the connection between knowledge and action is causal and not merely conceptual. “What knowledge adds to belief is not psychologically relevant.”1—Stephen Stich

Usually, discussions about the compatibility of content externalism with self-knowledge focus on our knowledge of content. I look at externalist consequences for our knowledge of our own attitude-types. I show that there is a certain kind of mistake about the nature of one's own attitudes which would not be possible if externalism were false. While this does not cause trouble for externalism in general, it does cause trouble for some externalists' explanations of the compatibility of externalism with self-knowledge. I end with a picture of our knowledge of the attitudes that is compatible with externalism.

A novel restriction fragment differential display lRFDDr RThPCR has been used to compare patterns of mRNA expression in bovine oocytes matured in vitro in the presence l10pr or absence of fetal calf serum lFCSr. Total RNA extracted from matured and denuded oocytes was processed using display Profile kit lDisplay System Biotechr. RFDD RThPCR products were separated on 6p polyacrylamide gel and analyzed using a Storm 860 scanner. Selected bands representing potentially differentially expressed fragments were excised from the gel and rehamplified. Rehamplified fragments with size matched to the original fragment were cloned into the TA vector and sequenced. Initially, 10 and 15 differentially expressed fragments were isolated from oocytes matured in the presence and absence of FCS, respectively. Eight out of 10 and 10 out of 15 fragments were rehamplified successfully as evidenced bysize similarity to the original fragments. Finally, the size of six inserts sequenced from each group matched the size of corresponding original as well as rehamplified fragments. Sequence comparison search revealed similarity of some isolated fragments to 18s ribosomal RNA, bovine apolipoprotein AhI, bovine mitochondrion DNA, human CGIh79 mRNA, human Ab1hinteractor protein, and bovine satellite DNA. The other sequenced fragments may represent novel genes. We showed that RFDD RThPCR can be effectively applied to contrast gene expression pattern in bovine oocytes and that presence or absence of FCS during maturation interval affects gene expression pattern in matured bovine oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:90–96, 2001. © 2001 WileyhLiss, Inc.

The subject of this paper is the assessment of the thermal and mechanical properties of Invar steel coatings, deposited using electric arc spraying, and the correlation of these properties to the spray parameters and processes used to offer coatings with characteristics appropriate to the requirements of tools used in the fabrication of precision polymer matrix composite work pieces. In particular, two processing methods, inert and air atomization, and three arc spray gun configurations (air cap design) were evaluated. The low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) properties of Invar are maintained in the spray-deposited coatings using both high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air-atomized arc spraying, although HVOF coatings have significantly lower CTE and greater durability than those deposited by arc spraying. The mechanical properties of the coatings are low compared to bulk Invar, regardless of the spray parameters and hardware used. Inert arc spraying affords more consistent coating characteristics but this comes with a compromised durability. The spray hardware was found to be more significant in determining the coating properties than the parameters employed.

We consider a family of N-parameter reductions of Benney's equations, introduced in Gibbons and Kodama (Gibbons J and Kodama Y 1994 Solving dispersionless Lax equations Proc. Singular Limits of Dispersive Waves (Nato ASI Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser. B: Phys. vol 320) (New York: Plenum) p 61) as a generalization of the dispersionless Lax equations. Using Geogdzhaev's method (Geogjaev V V [Geogdzhaev V V] 1994 The quasiclassical limit of the inverse scattering problem method Proc. Singular Limits of Dispersive Waves (Nato ASI Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser. B: Phys. vol 20) (New York: Plenum) p 53), we solve the initial value problem for the reduced system. This construction is carried out explicitly for the reduction associated with an elliptic curve.

Spanish academic register is here explored in terms of M. A. K. Halliday's concepts of Mode, Field, and Tenor. It is found that striking differences between everyday Spanish and academic Spanish are related to the intrinsic nature of literacy and to academic uses of language. Important aspects of these differences are explored, and consequences for minority language maintenance are discussed.

We consider Benney's equations, and their reductions to systems with finitely many Riemann invariants. The equations describing these reductions were given in [5] and a construction of a class of their solutions was briefly described there. Here we discuss the properties of these equations in more detail, and investigate the relationship between these and Loewner's [10] theory of conformal mappings of slit domains. A dense family of explicit solutions is constructed.

Two layers of reality are manifested in the courtroom: that of the courtroom itself, the courtroom reality, and that of the events under examination in the case, the external reality. Both realities are represented through the language used in the courtroom. While interpreters tend to faithfully interpret language referring to the external reality, there are consistent and significant changes in their interpreted representation of the courtroom reality. Such changes may have significant influences upon evidence, and hence upon the outcome of the case. This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of courtroom transcripts involving Spanish-English interpreting by four interpreters in Sydney, Australia, where consistent changes in the interpreted versions were found.

Law is language. It is not solely language, since it is a social institution manifested also in non-linguistic ways, but it is a profoundly linguistic institution. Laws are coded in language, and the processes of the law are mediated through language. The legal system puts into action a society's beliefs and values, and it permeates many areas of life, from a teacher's responsibilities to a credit card agreement. The language of the law is therefore of genuine importance, particularly for people concerned with addressing language issues and problems in the real world—that is, Applied Linguists.

Since minority languages are used mainly in the home and in the minority-language community,there are limited opportunities to develop register aspects of literacy which develop through schooling. This means that minority language maintenance often becomes problematic in the area of linguistic aspects of literacy,discussed here in terms of academic register. Given the limited opportunities, it is important to discover the extent to which academic register develops in minority-language children. To do so, we need first to describe the academic register of the minority-language, and then to develop instruments to measure its development. This paper looks at the means that we developed to accomplish these two tasks of description and instrument development, in a study of Spanish-English biliteracy in Australia. The task of description was performed by comparing school textbooks from early primary and mid-secondary schooling. The task of instrumentation was accomplished by developing register-sensitive multiple-choice cloze tests.

13C CP and CPPI MAS NMR have been carried out on thermally cured samples of polymethylvinylsiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane. By varying the CP contact time, the α and β vinyl carbons and the methyl carbon of the CH3–(SiO

Thermally curable interpenetrating networks employing short and long chain components were successfully prepared via the sol-gel route. Their mechanical properties were assessed and correlated to their composition and structure. The role of the organic cross-links was found to be a larger determinant of the mechanical properties than the inorganic network. Their low frequency dielectric properties were investigated and found to be comparable to those of conventional encapsulation materials. Observed mass losses at 523 K ranged between 3–5% after 1000 minutes, the suspected mechanism being the development of organic cross-links.

The reductions of the Benney moment equations to systems of finitely many partial differential equations are discussed. Several families of these are constructed explicitly. These must all satisfy a compatibility condition, and the reduced equations are diagonalisable and semi-Hamiltonian. By imposing a further constraint, of scaling and Galilean invariance, the compatibility condition is reduced to a system of algebraic equations, whose solutions are described. A more general family of reductions is then constructed explicitly.

There is a mismatch between the language vitality of Greek, and the language vitality of Italian in Australia. Part of the explanation for the comparatively more rapid language shift in the Italian community may lie in perceptions of ethnolinguistic vitality. Giles, Rosenthal & Young (1985) have examined a Greek‐Australian community using the Subjective Vitality Questionnaire. This paper is a replication in predominantly Italo‐Australian suburbs of Sydney. It compares SVQ results for standard Italian and standard Greek in Australia in order to determine whether the substantial real difference in vitality between these two languages is reflected in perceived vitality as measured by the SVQ. Since Anglo‐Celts are a minority in many parts of Australia's larger cities, our second objective was to see whether perceptions of language vitality of subjects who are not members of the SVQ target language communities differ from those of the SVQ target language communities. The results show that the differe...

In second language instruction, language learning activities appear to have stages which follow a predictable sequence. The same can also be said of larger units of instruction, referred to here as “cycles”. Cycles and activities therefore can be viewed as having structures which consist of sequenced stages. This paper is an attempt to describe these structures which underlie second language instruction. While influences from many sources are acknowledged, the descriptive framework used here is that of the Genre, in the form developed in Systemic Linguistics. The paper provides a general description, then goes into greater depth, detailing the different forms these genre structures take, with illustrations from published material, recordings of classroom discourse, and teachers' notes. The cycle is divided into focused and unfocused types, and the means of combining the two types are discussed. Finally the paper discusses how such descriptions can be used in research into language instruction, in developing instructional materials, and in teacher development. A number of research questions arising from the descriptions are discussed.

The prevailing pattern of second language instruction in NSW schools is one in which the available time is distributed across several languages (a ‘breadth’ approach). With the impending introduction of second languages into many primary schools, a window of opportunity has opened: if all the available curriculum hours are devoted to a single language in primary and secondary school (a ‘depth’ approach) there is a possibility of most students attaining a communicative proficiency in a LOTE. This possibility can be increased (a) if the second language is a language spoken in the home (b) if certain classroom processes are adopted, and (c) if the language is more easily learnable. A case study of a school is presented which includes information and opinions gathered from parents on these issues, and an outline ‘depth’ curriculum for this school.

This article attempts to construct a mid-level theoretical overview of communication evidence (sometimes referred to as ‘forensic linguistics’), using decision trees as a theoretical framework. It suggests that there are three main issues – the nature of the sample, the type of evidence and the analysis used. The types of evidence are categorised into language crimes, tradenames, meaning transfer and author attribution, and examples and discussion are given for each. They are further subcategorised, and distinguishing features and characteristics are discussed. It is suggested that the type of analysis used to provide linguistic evidence needs to take into account simultaneously the method of analysis and the communication systems involved. Communication systems in turn are categorised according to ‘levels’ and variable features. This article is regarded as programmatic rather than conclusive – it is intended to stir debate, rather than be seen as a firm statement.

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of exercise on ovarian folliculogenesis and related hormones in mares. Mares (n = 11) were randomly assigned into a control (non-exercised) or treatment (exercised) group. Treatment mares (n = 5) were moderately exercised for 30 min, 6 d/wk. All mares underwent daily transrectal ultrasonographic examinations and ovarian follicles6 mm were measured. Blood samples were collected during the first (Cycle 1) and last (Cycle 4) cycle, and serum concentrations of cortisol, LH, and FSH were determined. Mean cortisol concentrations were elevated (P0.05) in exercised mares, 6.29 ± 0.22 compared with 5.62 ± 0.16 ng/dL (mean ± SEM), 30 min post exercise. There were no significant differences between groups in mean FSH concentrations; however, exercised mares had lower (17.3 ± 6.4 vs 41.1 ± 5.5 ng/mL; P0.05) peak LH concentrations. Furthermore, exercised mares experienced a longer (24.7 ± 0.8 vs 22.2 ± 0.8 d; P0.05) mean interovulatory interval for all cycles combined, fewer (P0.05) follicles 6 to 20 mm in diameter, and an increased (P0.05) number of follicles20 mm following deviation. The dominant and largest subordinate follicle in exercised mares had a greater (P0.05) mean diameter on the day of deviation, suggesting delayed deviation. Exercised mares also tended (P = 0.06) to have an increased number of cycles with at least two dominant follicles compared to control (62 vs 36%, respectively), indicating a decreased ability of the largest follicle to assert dominance. Under the conditions of this study, moderately exercising mares induced higher cortisol concentrations, lowered peak LH concentrations, and altered ovarian follicular dynamics.

Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of generating three-dimensional (3D) structures directly in rapid hardening Portland cement (RHPC) using 3D printing (3DP) technology. 3DP is an additive layer manufacturing (ALM) process that generates parts directly from CAD in a layer-wise manner. Three-dimensional structures were successfully printed using a polyvinylalcohol/RHPC ratio of 3:97 w/w, with print resolutions of better than 1 mm. The test components demonstrated the manufacture of features, including off-axis holes, overhangs/undercuts, etc. that would not be manufacturable using simple mould tools. Samples hardened by 1 day post-build immersion in water at RT offered modulus of rupture (MOR) values of up to 0·8±0·1 MPa, and, after 26 days immersion in water at RT, offered MOR values of 2·2±0·2 MPa, similar to bassanite based materials more typically used in 3DP (1-3 MPa). Post-curing by water immersion restructured the structure, removing the layering typical of ...

This article describes the research carried out by Warwick under the BAE Systems/EPSRC programme ‘Flapless Aerial Vehicles Integrated Interdisciplinary Research - FLAVIIR’. Warwick's aim in FLAVIIR was to develop low-cost innovative tooling technologies to enable the affordable manufacture of complex composite aerospace structures and to help realize the aim of the Grand Challenge of maintenance-free, low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle manufacture. This article focuses on the evaluation of a novel tooling process (variable cavity tooling) to enable the complete infusion of resin throughout non-crimp fabric within a mould cavity under low (0.1 MPa) injection pressure. The contribution of the primary processing parameters to the mechanical properties of a carbon composite component (bulk-head lug section), and the interactions between parameters, was determined. The initial mould gap ( di) was identified as having the most significant effect on all measured mechanical properties, but complex interactions between di, n (number of fabric layers), and vc (mould closure rate) were observed. The process capability was low due to the manual processing, but was improved through process optimization, and delivered properties comparable to high-pressure resin transfer moulding.

This article describes the research to date carried out under the BAE Systems/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)-funded programme ‘Flapless Aerial Vehicle Integrated Interdisciplinary Research’ (FLAVIIR), aimed at developing innovative technologies for the low-cost manufacture of next-generation Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The aim of the researchers in FLAVIIR was to develop low-cost innovative tooling technologies to enable the affordable manufacture of complex composite aerospace structures. The advances in tooling technology were achieved through the application of rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacture technologies to provide rapidly configured and reconfigurable tool concepts, for low-cost resin infusion moulding. This article introduces three tooling innovations: reconfigurable tooling concept, variable cavity tooling, and porous cavity tooling.

Time discretizations are found of lattice integrable systems of Lax type, including the infinite and periodic Toda lattices. The resulting systems are integrable. Considered as numerical schemes, they are implicit, but can be made explicit up to arbitrary order of the time step Δ t .

A reduction of Benney's equations is constructed corresponding to Schwartz-Christoffel maps associated with a family of genus six cyclic tetragonal curves. The mapping function, a second kind Abelian integral on the associated Riemann surface, is constructed explicitly as a rational expression in derivatives of the Kleinian sigma-function of the curve., Comment: 39pages, 3figures

We show how to construct the Hamiltonian structures of any reduction of the Benney chain (dKP) starting from the family of conformal maps associated to it., 35 pages, 2 figures