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The actual context has enhanced job opportunities in the field of sport in order to respond to the current market demand. Thus, Physical Education and Sport Science graduates who begin to do differents jobs to the traditional ones but relate to their study field. The aim of this study was to guess which are the job preferences of the students of Physical Education and Sport Science of Seville University by gender and age doing the second cycle of their college degree and determine if there are significant differences. A descriptive analysis was carried out, using a questionnaire based on several researches, it was related to professional opportunities in sport sciences. The sample was of 118 students which represented 40.7% of the overall registered students. Results shown that sport management is the most preferable professional opportunity for women and men of the total sample, following in second place by teaching in secondary school for people older than 25 years of both sexes and teaching in primary school for the younger than 25 years. These findings announce changes in occupational trends in sports, to be taken into account in the framework of the European higher education (Degree of Science in Sport and Physical Activity, own US Masters and Official, lifelong learning programs...).

For a large part of the xixth century, the mosque and university of al-Azhar, the torchbearer of Sunni religious science in Egypt, kept a prevalent role in the instruction of the Egyptian elite. With the creation of the Superior Schools inspired by European models, and with their gradual expansion, al-Azhar started to be threatened as a major actor in the embryonic Egyptian Academia around 1900. Since al-Azhar was unable to fulfil the aspiration of an increasing part of the society for “modern” disciplines and methods, its graduates were confronted to a rising competition with those of institutions such as Dâr al-‘Ulûm or the School of the Cadis, for obtaining jobs of teachers or magistrates. The Great Mosque tried to respond to the threat by launching a radical reform of the studies that was hardly implemented in reality, and did not prevent al-Azhar to be slowly marginalized within Egypt’s higher education system at the dawn of the 1930s.

El artículo presenta los resultados arrojados de una investigación, realizada para analizar las propuestas deformación con jóvenes en el ámbito no formal de la educación, en el tema de empleo y trabajo. El objetivo se constituyó a través de la realización de un estado del arte para conocer las acciones de formación realizadas en el periodo del 2000 al 2006 en Medellín, Colombia. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue el hermenéutico, aplicado al análisis de textos escritos. Las conclusiones principales giran en torno a que las propuestas de formación para jóvenes, ubicadas desde la concepción de capacitación para el empleo, se sitúan de manera exclusiva en las capacidades técnicas del sujeto, y muestran la formación para el empleo como una forma de control social.O artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos de uma pesquisa realizada para analisar as propostas de formação com jovens no âmbito formal da educação, no tema de emprego e trabalho. O objetivo se constituiu por meio da realização de um estado da arte para conhecer as ações de formação realizadas no período de 2000 a 2006 em Medellín, Colômbia. O enfoque metodológico utilizado foi o hermenêutico, aplicado à análise de textos escritos. As conclusões principais giram em torno a que as propostas de formação para jovens localizadas sob a concepção de capacitação para o emprego, situam-se de maneira exclusiva nas capacidades técnicas do sujeito; mostram a formação para o emprego como uma forma de controle social.The article presents the results of a study developed to analyze the vocational and job-training proposals offered to young people in a non-formal educational setting. The objective was established by examining the state-of-the-art to become familiar with the type of training activities conducted the city of Medellín (Colombia) during the period from 2000 to 2006. As to method, a hermeneutical approach was applied to an analysis of written texts. Essentially, the conclusions indicate vocational education for young people conceived with the idea of training for employment focus entirely on the student's technical skills and capabilities, with vocational training being regarded as a form of social control to prevent violent behavior on the part of young people.

In this study the role of imposed facilities of the cooperation sector to create job opportunities in Khorasan province during the years 2000-2004 (3rd Development Plan) is examined. The theoretical framework of the research was established using library method. The findings showed that imposed facilities have realized 58.5% of the predicted job opportunities. Cooperation projects in agriculture & service sectors are more successful than industrial sectors in regard to job creation and development, complementary and construction projects have no significant difference in regard to job creation. Also facilities needed for employment of one individual in various economic sectors of several cities are shown to have no significant difference. In addition if the government aims to attract various small and scattered investments, imposed facilities constitute an effective factor, as the increase in the amount of facilities results in increased investments by the executors of cooperative projects.

Although the teaching if of African traditional and art music in Ghanaian universities began from independence in 1957, the introduction of local popular music has taken much longer, partly a consequence of imported high-art notion that treated popular music as trivial, ephemeral and low-brow. Although Nkrumah utilised local popular, traditional and arts music in nation building after his overthrow in 1966 his vision was never fully transmitted into the universities where students were only expected to be bi-musical, i.e. familiar with traditional music and art music. The first evidence of a growing Ghanaian academic interest in popular performance studies was the pioneering work of the university lecturers Efua Sutherland, K.N. Bame and Attana Mensah during the 1960s/70s. But this area was not included in the university curriculum until the 1990s, when the University of Ghana changed its position due to several factors. One was the burgeoning local popular music industry (after the music industry decline during the 70s/80s military regimes) and the consequent job opportunities for students. Another was the rise of pop influenced local gospel music from the 1980s that sanctified the guitar and dance-band music. Thirdly there was an interest in Afropop by foreign world music students coming in large numbers after Ghana’s economic liberalisation of the late 1980’s

This paper provides new important evidence on the spatial dimension of social class inequalities in graduates’ labour market outcomes, an aspect largely overlooked within the existing literature. Using data from the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Early and Longitudinal Survey (DLHE) for the 2008/09 graduate cohort and applying multilevel logistic regression models, we investigate whether and the extent to which social class inequalities in graduates’ occupational outcomes vary depending on the job opportunities in the geographical area where they find employment. By examining different macro-level indicators, we find wider social inequalities by parental social class in areas with fewer opportunities in high professional and managerial occupations and smaller inequalities in areas with more opportunities. Interestingly, this pattern applies only to graduates who moved away from their place of origin. We interpret this finding as the result of selective migration, that is, areas with more opportunities attract the better-qualified graduates irrespective of their social origin. Finally, graduates’ HE experiences—in particular, their field of study—and sector of employment explain most of the social class gap in areas with fewer job opportunities.

The main purpose of this research is to contribute with current and systematized information to institutions that train and educate librarians in Chile. The curriculum offered by the schools of library science in Chile; the requirements and functions the labor market requires from librarians; and the relationship that exist between the two of them were analyzed. The scope of the study covers curricula of the schools of library science of the following universities: Playa Ancha, Tecnológica Metropolitana, Alberto Hurtado y Católica de la Santísima Concepción. The functional requirements for librarians of 418 job offers published by the Chilean Library Association between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. The curriculum courses were classified in 10 areas of knowledge, as well as the requisites for librarians in the job offers. This classification allowed establishing a priority scale and a relational analysis between both, schools of library science and employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study links TREE panel data surveying school-to-work transitions in Switzerland with unique job advertising data from the Swiss Job Market Monitor that mirrors individual job opportunities. We investigate: (i) whether occupational change and unskilled entry level employment are two related transition outcomes among graduates from initial vocational education and training (IVET) in the occupational labour market of Switzerland. Our analysis further focuses on (ii) the impact of a low number of occupation-specific job opportunities on the risk of such a combined horizontal and vertical job-education mismatch, and (iii) the extent to which overall labour demand facilitates occupational changes to skilled employment. Methods: We make use of bivariate probit analysis to investigate occupational change and unskilled entry employment among IVET graduates as interrelated transition outcomes. Results: The empirical results suggest that occupational change and unskilled entry employment are two interrelated transition outcomes among IVET graduates in Switzerland. The results further support our hypothesis that a low number of occupation-specific job vacancies at labour market entry increase the risk of simultaneously experiencing both forms of job-education mismatches for IVET graduates. High overall labour demand enables occupational changes to skilled employment. Conclusions: We conclude that for an integration of IVET graduates into occupationally and educationally matching positions it is crucial that the IVET programmes offered match labour demand on an occupational basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the rarely studied relationship between job vacancies and inter-firm upward, lateral, and downward status mobility in an occupationally segmented labor market, taking Switzerland as the example. To conceptualize mobility mechanisms in this type of labor market, we introduce the concept of “occupational mobility chains” and test its validity. This concept provides the backdrop for developing time-dependent measures of individual job opportunities based on Swiss Job Monitor data. We link these measures with career data taken from the Swiss Life History Study and employ event history analysis to test different propositions of the ways in which status mobility is contingent on the number and the status of vacant positions. Results support our assumption that in occupationally segmented labor markets vacant positions affect status mobility only to the degree that they are located within workers’ occupational mobility chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the professional experiences of library and information science (LIS) graduates who pursue non-library roles. The changes impacting the LIS profession make this an important topic as Masters of Library and Information Science programs are increasingly marketing their programs as preparing students for a wide range of professional opportunities. In particular, this article explores some of the types of non-library roles pursued by LIS graduates, the transferable competencies that allow LIS graduates to transition into these work roles, how these professionals develop the skills and competencies that they need to transfer into new employment opportunities, and the desired career paths and career planning activities of LIS graduates working in non-library roles. These data were collected in a grounded theory study involving 20 LIS graduates working in a range of non-library roles. This research may help LIS educators to better prepare their students for diverse career opportunities and LIS program administrators to promote their programs to a wider range of potential students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the number of job opportunities collected from a Japanese job searching site (“fromA navi”) and an inter- national job searching site (“Indeed”). We confirm that a relationship between the number of job opportunities and socioeconomic quantities (the population, the numbers of firms and workers) in each 1-km grid square in Japan. The number of workers is the best explanatory variable to explain the number of job opportunities in Japan. The regression coefficients can be used as an indicator to grasp Japanese macroeconomic conditions. From a global point of view, we analyse the number of job opportunities in about 16,000 cities all over the world. We confirm the daily number of job opportunities in each city varies in time and show some asso- ciations with macroeconomic indicators. We compute a relationship between means of the daily number of job opportunities and their standard deviations and confirm that it follows a scaling relationship with power law exponent α = 1. A possible model based on Poisson processes with intensity of which varies in time on the basis of a common noise is proposed to explain the phenomenon empirically observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at evaluating the impacts of the loans provided by the social fund for developing small scale projects with respect to offer job opportunities or the degree of project implementation. The results indicated that the credit administration did not concentrate on the youth category, therefore this kind of loans does not offer direct job opportunities in the exposed activity from these loans. In the same time these loans participated in other fields such as facilitating work abroad. The results also indicated that the value of the loan allocated to cattle breeding of calves fattening not adequate with offering complete job opportunity, it may be used as complementing another one, or to solve the financial problems for the borrowers. It was indicated that there was some problems in implementing the projects, and about 87.84% from the sample did not implement the project, while 12.16% did partial implementation and the project stopped. The results indicated that the most important substitute for using the loans· were marriage sons and facilitate travel abroad and purchasing car or building private house. In addition the credit agents concerned only with repaid loans without serious follow up the implementation of the projects. The results indicated that the inrest rate on the loans is considered the most important problem related credit activity while the high prices of production inputs and veterinary care were the most important probles facing project implementation. The study recommends adjusting the fund programms and including new fields to be adequate with the requirements. The recommendations also include that it is very important to offer the data and the information about the activities of the social fund for the searchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns regarding the environment and society have inspired several studies on sustainable supply chain management. These studies typically consider that enterprises are motivated by incentives such as subsidies. Consequently, these studies have developed various optimization models based on the positive aspects of such incentives. However, many social science studies argue that subsidies are not always effective. Here, to clarify the relationships between sustainable supply chains and subsidies, we developed mixed-integer linear programming models, considering various subsidy programs, for sustainable supply chain design. The solutions of our numerical experiments on these models provided important managerial insights. We found each subsidy program has significantly different outcomes in terms of job quality and quantity. Further, a fixed subsidy program for supply chains is more effective than other programs. ● Optimization models are proposed to compare subsidy programs ● Theoretical analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted ● The effect of government subsidy programs on job creation is analyzed. ● Positive and negative aspects of subsidy programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Poor job retention among people with mental health conditions has been an issue of concern in general, as well as within Supported Employment. Traditionally the attention has been directed mainly towards the individual employee, rather than the working place as a whole. OBJECTIVE: The pilot project 'Employer guides' was launched by the Norwegian Labour and Welfare administration in 2009. Employer guides are professionals who assist employers/managers in order to improve their ability to retain and hire employees with mental health issues and/or problems related to substance abuse. The aim of the project has been to generate and disseminate new knowledge about feasible and successful support strategies that increase work retention as well as labour market inclusion of people with mental health issues. METHODS: The Work Research Institute (WRI) in Oslo conducted a comprehensive formative evaluation of the pilot project from 2009 to 2012. RESULTS: Employer guides' interventions contributed to improve employers' ability to deal with employees who are struggling with mental health conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot project has developed new - more comprehensive - tasks within 'On the job support'. There is still a lack of knowledge about what support is necessary and feasible so that the work inclusion of people with mental health conditions is perceived as risk-free from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2002, a study was published in Newspaper Research Journal that explored the preparedness of graduating journalism students to cover business news. In 2012, a follow-up survey of business editors at the nation’s daily newspapers was done to see whether progress had been made in the training of journalism students for the business news beat. More than half of the editors in 2012 still rated journalism graduates unprepared, reflecting a call once again for academia to recognize that business journalism is a reporting area in high demand, requiring specialized skills that often are not taught at universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although some points of job opportunities and employment areas of veterinarians were mentioned in various editions in Turkey, countrywide study was not determined. The present study was undertaken to determine the permanent employment status, changing job opportunities and cross-sectoral orientations of veterinarians and to evaluate the views and expectations regarding to sectors for near future and the year 2023. For this aim, a questionnaire was applied to totally 771 veterinarians, from public workers (398) and private sector workers (377). According to data analysis, it was determined that public sector employees expect more to found a permanent job when compared with private sector employees but change their job less than others. Although private sector seems to be more advantageous in terms of job opportunities the transition from private sector to public sector was found to be higher rates in today's conditions. The particular fields expected to have the highest improvement potential were 'food quality and security', 'organic agriculture-animal husbandry', 'herd health', 'public health' and 'companion animal sector' in near future and 2023. In conclusion, it can be said that public space are more preferable than the other work areas in veterinary medicine in Turkey and the opinions of participants about the areas which will gain the importance in next future and 2023 year point to "One medicine one health concept" awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated attitudes toward interdisciplinary education by appraising the Interdisciplinary Health Communication (IHC) Certificate program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a case study. Sixteen affiliated faculty and thirteen students enrolled in the IHC program as of 2008-2009 were surveyed. Although the attitude was overall positive, multiple barriers exist (e.g., lack of administrative support, registration difficulties). The faculty developed courses and administered teaching strategies unique to the IHC program. Students expected certification would translate into better job opportunities. Recommendations for successful initiation and maintenance of interdisciplinary certificate programs are discussed along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study examining community factors which impact classroom environment by comparing perceptions of students taking same class from same instructor in online and traditional classroom settings. It highlights some key factors including an increase of basic computer knowledge and faster means of communication between computers. It concludes that these community factors were perceived differently by students in two groups which lead to different level of satisfaction.

Copyright of Economists' Forum / Közgazdász Fórum is the property of Hungarian Economists' Society of Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on the history of the Al-Azhar University, located in Cairo, Egypt, which is a historic center of Islamic learning that includes secular subjects in the curriculum. Particular focus is given to the period between 1860 and 1930, when Al-Azhar went through turmoil, protests, and multiple social as well as political crises, which forced it to modify its functioning, in the beginning of the 20th century. The growing marginalization of Al-Azhar, partly caused by the competition of other universities, at this period, is examined.

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research study is a descriptive analysis of the cost effectiveness of formal and non-formal system of Primary Teacher Certificate (PTC) programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In this research the Allama Iqbal Open University PTC trainees and conventional PTC trainees were considered as a population of the study, their time duration of the course, courses admission system, cost effectiveness, teacher training, job opportunities, examination system, and follow up study were investigated. Specific indicators were used to determine the extent to which these components contributed to the efficient running of teacher education programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. As for the objectives of the study were concerned, the following were focused upon: to compare the inputs for producing PTC teachers by formal and non-formal system, to compare the characteristics of PTC trained teachers by formal and non-formal system to be taken in equal numbers, to identify the needs of non-formal education in the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and to determine the cost effectiveness of non-formal PTC teachers. Data was collected through survey and questionnaires. The following results were made by the researcher in the light of analysis of data. Majority of the PTC pass-outs were confronted with the problems, like inadequacy of trained teachers and lack of computers and Internet facilities. There is a wide spectrum of issues relating to the lack of well-integrated media with content difficulties and learning from media and the lack of provision of guidance and counselling. This study is significant as it deals with training of PTC teachers by formal and non-formal system. On the basis of the previous research studies and insight of general literature, the following hypothesis was drawn to be tested by the present study: The cost-effectiveness of open education is not greater than the cost of regular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As painful as this recession has been, the reality is that even when it is over, the outlook of most Americans will not be optimistic because with globalization also came global labor market and millions of American workers are now competing for jobs with Chinese, Indians, Brazilians, Mexicans, etc. Our workforce is fragmented, consisting of skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers. Additionally, our population is aging - while life expectancy is rising, and so a crucial question arises: What fields should one pick that gives the best opportunity to grow and find job in the next decade? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]