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In mammals, the transcription of transposable elements (TEs) is important for maintaining early embryonic development. Here, we systematically analyzed the expression characteristics of TE-derived transcripts in early embryos by constructing a database of TEs and transcriptome data from goats and using it to study the function of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in regulating early embryo development. We found that ERV1 made up the highest proportion of TE sequences and exhibited a stage-specific expression pattern during early embryonic development. Among ERV elements, ERV1 had the potential to encode the Gag protein domain to form virus-like particles (VLPs) in early goat embryos. Knockdown of ERV1_1_574 significantly reduced the embryo development rate and the number of trophoblast cells (P< 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing analysis of morula embryos showed that ERV1_1_574 mainly regulated the expression of genes related to embryo compaction and trophoblast cell differentiation, such as CX43 and CDX2. In summary, we found that ERV1 expression was essential for early embryonic development in goats through regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation.

Matched field inversion (MFI) has been studied extensively in shallow water environments to invert for the geoacoustic parameters using a vertical or horizontal linear array (VLA/HLA). Deploying VLA/HLA at sea is not easy, which limits the use of MFI in practice for large-area surveys. In the future, many inexpensive transceivers will likely be deployed in the ocean forming distributed networks. Geoacoustic parameters could potentially be inverted from signals received on the distributed sensors from distributed sources, such as that generated by a towed source or passing by ships, referred to as a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system. The data from each source can be processed like a virtual HLA; different virtual HLA geometries are generated for different source locations, providing propagation data along different azimuthal angles, referred to as spatial diversity. The signals between the distributed receivers may not be synchronized, hence only the frequency cost function will be used. The inversion performances using the MIMO system are evaluated using simulated data to compare with that obtained using the traditional methods with a VLA/HLA. Practical applications of this method are proposed. Some technical issues are studied using the Shallow Water 2006 data.

The outbreak of major public health emergencies such as the coronavirus epidemic has put forward new requirements for urban emergency management procedures. Accuracy and effective distribution model of emergency support materials, as an effective tool to inhibit the deterioration of the public health sector, have gradually become a research hotspot. The distribution of urban emergency support devices, under the secondary supply chain structure of “material transfer center-demand point,” which may involve confusing demands, is studied to determine the actual situation of fuzzy requests under the impact of an epidemic outbreak. An optimization model of urban emergency support material distribution, based on Credibility theory, is first constructed. Then an improved sparrow search algorithm, ISSA, was designed by introducing Sobol sequence, Cauchy variation and bird swarm algorithm into the structure of the classical SSA. In addition, numerical validation and standard test set validation were carried out and the experimental results showed that the introduced improved strategy effectively improved the global search capability of the algorithm. Furthermore, simulation experiments are conducted, based on Shanghai, and the comparison with existing cutting-edge algorithms shows that the designed algorithm has stronger superiority and robustness. And the simulation results show that the designed algorithm can reduce vehicle cost by 4.83%, time cost by 13.80%, etc. compared to other algorithms. Finally, the impact of preference value on the distribution of emergency support materials is analyzed to help decision-makers to develop reasonable and effective distribution strategies according to the impact of major public health emergencies. The results of the study provide a practical reference for the solution of urban emergency support materials distribution problems.

By combining python script invocation, the batch processing of molecular docking was achieved to screen 20 potential umami peptides out of the 208 peptides identified in chicken soup. Nine peptides were dominated by umami taste according to sensory analysis, among which PPQEAAQF (2.56) has the highest umami intensity, followed by AEEHVEAVN (2.43) and NEFGYSNR (2.19). The threshold of nine peptides ranged from 0.08 mM to 0.58 mM. In 0.35 % MSG, the effective threshold of umami-enhancing effect of LPLQD was 0.24 mM. In addition, the molecular docking results indicated that His71, Ser107, and Asp147 of taste receptor type 1 member 1, and Asn68, Asp216, His387, and Ala302 of taste receptor type 1 member 3 play critical roles in the binding with umami peptides by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force. Thus, the combination of molecular docking and python script invocation was effective and economical for umami peptides screening.

Novel Ag matrix electrical contacts, which are environment-friendly, are required to operate under complex service conditions and harsh environments. Therefore, it becomes necessary to urgently study their arc erosion properties in different atmospheres. Herein, Ag/Ti3SiC2 composite samples were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering, and the material's relative density, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, Brinell hardness, and flexural strength were measured. Moreover, the arc erosion behaviors of Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes in sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, and oxygen environments were investigated at 3 kV and 6 kV, and the mass loss, arc current, and discharge duration of the Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes in the 3 atm were recorded. The surface morphology and composition of the Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes were examined after arc erosion. In this study, the arc energy and mass loss had the highest values in oxygen, followed by nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride. Following the same trend of operating atmospheres, the erosion-region shape gradually changed from circular to irregular. By means of the Raman spectra, there was no composition change can be detected on the cathode in sulfur hexafluoride, TiNx was detected on the cathode in nitrogen, Ag2O, TiO2 and SiO2 were found on the cathode in oxygen. The resistance of the cathode material to arc erosion deteriorated gradually in the sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, and oxygen environments. Importantly, the arc erosion mechanism of the Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes in different atmospheres is also proposed in this study. This research can provide a reference for the applications of environmentally friendly Ag matrix electrical contact materials in different atmospheres.

Aiming at the problem that the existing risk assessment methods in China cannot simply and accurately assess the safety risk of gas wells, a rapid semi-quantitative risk assessment method for gas wells under high temperature and pressure is studied. Based on the rapid risk assessment method of annulus well with pressure in Chevron Company and the existing risk assessment methods, the well barrier and annulus pressure of high temperature and high pressure gas wells are fully considered. A rapid semi-quantitative risk assessment method for high temperature and high pressure gas wells is established, which takes the annulus pressure value, well service life, annulus pressure recovery after pressure relief, reservoir conditions (formation pressure, production) and well CO2 and H2S content as the key risk indexes. The method is applied in a gas field, and the risk value and risk grade of a practical well are semi-quantitatively evaluated. The overall risk situation of the well is obtained. The research results provide important technical guidance for the safe production of gas well.

Liming is a common strategy applied to attain optimal pH for tea growth in severely acidic soils. Tea however is a calciphobous plant, and the effects of liming on its growth and nutrient uptake remain poorly understand. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the effects of liming on soil chemical properties and tea nutrient content. In this study, a tea plantation that had exhibited large variation in growth after liming was selected as a study site. We categorized plots into two growth condition groups: Plot 1 (poor growth) and Plot 2 (excellent growth). Tea nutrient levels, and soil chemical properties were then compared between the two groups. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and transformed vegetation index (TVI) values were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in Plot 2 than in Plot 1. Yield, number of buds per m2, and 100-bud weight were significantly higher in Plot 2. These results were attributed to higher N, K, and Al concentrations and lower Ca concentrations in leaves, and lower pH and available Ca and higher available Al in soil. Leaf concentrations of K and Al were significantly negatively correlated with leaf concentrations of Ca and soil pH. A positive relationship was observed between leaf concentrations of K and Al, indicating inhibited K and Al uptake due to over-liming, restricting tea growth. In conclusion, our results show that tea growth will be restricted by over-liming, as a result of the high soil pH and Ca concentration inhibiting the K and Al uptake.

Pesticides that have accumulated in arable soil could be easily transported by wind erosion, thereby potentially threating air quality and human health in surrounding areas. The risks this poses to farmers exposed to pesticide-associated dust is still unknown, especially in rural areas of China. In this study, we screened pesticide residues in dust (indoor and outdoor) collected from the homes and yards of pesticide sprayers (21 participants) and farm workers (14 participants) living in Quzhou County located in the North China Plain to assess health risks by exposed to pesticide-contaminated dust. The results showed that multiple pesticide residues were detected in the dust samples and more than 90% of the samples contained over 10 pesticide residues. The maximum detected number of residues was 23, out of the 25 pesticides currently used in the farming area. There was a wide range of pesticide concentrations with the geometric mean values measuring between 0.03 and 0.86 mg kg−1. More residues and higher concentrations of pesticides were detected in indoor dust compared to outdoor dust. Over the monitoring period, the pesticide application has not caused significant pesticide accumulation in dust. The measured concentrations of carbendazim, dimethomorph, dimethomorph and pendimethalin paired indoor-outdoor dust samples were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). The health risks were assessed using the hazard index (HI) and highest HI was found for children under indoor exposure (HI = 0.82). In addition, based on the survey and statistics, pesticide preparation in the home was significantly correlated with the pesticide indoor exposure level. Therefore, farmers should take measures, such as preparing pesticides outside of the house or in the open fields with protection, in order to avoid the exposure risk of pesticides associated with dust.

Hyperspectral remote sensing data have great potential for plant classification, monitoring, and mapping due to their considerable spectral information. A spectral library can be used for the automatic interpretation of remote sensing data, which is an efficient tool for the classification of plant species. Given that similar spectral signatures are usually found among different plant species, it is critical to identify plant-sensitive spectral features when constructing a robust plant spectral library. This study proposed an approach to the establishment and application of a plant spectral library based on spectral data from ground objects. It included a spectral feature screening method for plant spectral response and a feature robustness analysis method suitable for monitoring, while unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral imaging data was used to validate mapping results. This study was divided into an urban scenario and an agricultural scenario based on plant composition, and a set of spectral feature sensitivity methods based on Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) and Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance was proposed. At the same time, a robust spectral analysis method was developed based on illumination and noise disturbance. The performance of K-nearest neighbour algorithm (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine coupled with a Genetic Algorithm (GA-SVM) for plant classification modelling were compared. Results showed that the spectral indices obtained by sensitivity and robustness screening were effective for plant classification, and the GA-SVM model had the highest accuracy with overall accuracy (OAA) = 0.98, Kappa = 0.98 in the urban scenario, and OAA = 0.97, Kappa = 0.97 in the agricultural scenario. In addition, pixel-based crop classification validation based on UAV hyperspectral imaging also had high accuracy, and the plot level classification results were in good agreement with field survey results. Therefore, it is feasible to use a plant spectral library to assist in monitoring and mapping of plant species using hyperspectral remote sensing images at large scales. The effects of plant growth status, growth stage, and other changes on classification should be further studied.

Mounting evidence indicates that there exists an association between heparanase (HPSE) and several physiological and pathological mechanisms in humans. However, the dynamics of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HPSE expression in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of HPSE in PC tissues and cell lines by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of HPSE on migration and invasion in sh-NC and sh-HPSE PC cell lines. In addition, tumor growth was assessed in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. The expression levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related biomarkers and the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were assessed by analyzing the results of western blot and RT-qPCR assays. The results indicated that the expression of HPSE was substantially higher in PC tissues and cell lines, whereas experimental knockdown of HPSE suppressed the rates of migration and invasion of PC cells. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of EMT biomarkers and determine the function of HPSE in EMT. Furthermore, our results indicated that downregulation of HPSE expression decreased the expression of Wnt/β-catenin associated proteins. In conclusion, HPSE appears to be a good candidate as a molecular target for the treatment of PC based on the finding of the present study.

The effects of ambient atmospheres on the arc erosion behaviors of Ti3SiC2 cathodes were investigated at 5.5 kV in argon, nitrogen, air, and oxygen. The mass loss of the cathodes increased in the order of argon, nitrogen, air, and oxygen and the morphologies were measured by 3D laser scanning confocal microscope with a gradual blooming phenomenon. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to detect the components of erosion regions. The erosion-chemical products mainly consisted of TiNx in nitrogen, TiNx, TiO2 and SiO2 in air, TiO2 and SiO2 in oxygen. The arc energy was responsible for the arc erosion characteristics in different atmospheres.

Background There is a growing number of evidence which report the relationship of the dual-specificity phosphatases 14 (DUSP14) with physiological and pathological mechanisms in the human body. However, it is still not known what if any role DUSP14 plays in pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods The study evaluates the levels of DUSP14 in the pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines using Western blotting and qRT-PCR to assess the levels of the DUSP14 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. After the DUSP14 was blocked, the following assays were performed: colony formation, assessments of scratch wound and transwell to examine the effects of DUSP14 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the pancreatic cancer. Results Results showed that there was a significant increase in the level of DUSP14 expression both in the pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Experimental downregulation of DUSP14 induced the inhibition of the capacity of proliferation, migration and invasion of the pancreatic cancer cells. Western blotting analyses showed changes in the levels of expression of the EMT biomarkers, which helped to determine the function of DUSP14 in EMT. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that DUSP14 is a novel molecular target that can be used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is one of the weeds that evolves resistance to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], the most widely used herbicide, and the weed may cause agronomic troublesome in the southern USA. This paper reports a study on developing a hyperspectral plant sensing approach to explore the spectral features of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-sensitive (GS) plants to evaluate this approach using machine learning algorithms to differentiate between GR and GS plants.On average, GR plants have higher spectral reflectance compared with GS plants. The sensitive spectral bands were optimally selected using the successive projections algorithm respectively wrapped with the machine learning algorithms of k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) with Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) to classify between GS and GS plants. At 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT) KNN and SVM could not acceptably classify the GR and GS plants but they improved significantly with the stages to have their overall accuracies reaching 73% and 77%, respectively, at 5 WAT. RF and FLDA had a better ability to classify the plants at 3 WAT but RF was low in accuracy at 2 WAT while FLDA dropped accuracy to 50% at 4 WAT from 57% at 3 WAT and raised it to 73% at 5 WAT.Previous studies were conducted developing the hyperspectral imaging approach to differentiate GR Palmer amaranth from GS Palmer amaranth and GR Italian ryegrass from GS Italian ryegrass with classification accuracies of 90% and 80%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the hyperspectral plant sensing approach could be developed to differentiate GR johnsongrass from glyphosate-sensitive GS johnsongrass with the highest classification accuracy of 77%. The comparison with our previous studies indicated that the similar hyperspectral approach could be used and transferred from classification across different GR and GS weed biotypes, such as Palmer amaranth, Italian ryegrass and johnsongrass, so it is highly possible for classification of more other GR and GS weed biotypes as well. On the basis of classic pattern recognition approaches the process of plant classification can be enhanced by modeling using machine learning algorithms. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Background Delayed union of most tibial fractures due to their special anatomical structures.So an effective animal model is very important to study the mechanism and method of fracture healing.However, due to the small tibia of mice, the operation is difficult, and the surgical model requires high surgical skills. The construction of the fixation model of intramedullary nail for this fracture has improved and simplified the traditional fixation model of intramedullary nail, which not only achieves the purpose of constructing the fracture model, but also makes it more simple and effective.Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a new mouse model to study fracture healing of tibia. Methods We chose a combination between an open osteotomy and intramedullary stabilization. The 22G needle was inserted into the fracture end in a closed manner by using an open approach for osteotomy at the middle and lower 1/3 level of the tibia.Fractured tibia were analyzed using microcomputed tomography and histology at days 7,14,21and 28after surgery. All animals displayed normal limb loading and a physio-logical gait pattern within the first three days after fracture. No animals were lost due to surgery or anesthesia. Results X-ray confirmed that the fracture types obtained by the fracture modeling method were transverse fractures. X-ray, Micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, histological staining and Real-time PCR showed that the fracture healing of mice was typical endochondral ossification, with high repeatability. Conclusion The mouse tibial fracture model established by intramedullary nailing is safe, rapid and simple. Its fracture healing is a typical intrachondral ossification with high repeatability, which can be better used for the study of molecular mechanism and clinical transformation of fracture healing and bone metabolism.

In order to solve the matching algorithm problem of network e-commerce platform, a method of applying BP neural network in the network e-commerce platform matching algorithm is proposed. First of all, combined with the actual situation of the platform, select 9 factors that are most in line with the company’s actual business model to influence the selection for analysis; secondly, import 60 sets of data into MATLAB software, measure the input and output data uniformly, and divide the sample data matrix into training set and test. Finally, after multiple factor combinations and verifications, it is concluded that in the training model of the five main factors, the prediction results of the model are compared with the real values. The feasibility of establishing the selection model based on BP neural network is proved. Online e-commerce platforms can refer to this model to build a product selection model that meets the needs of the platform, helping enterprises to achieve more efficient product selection work. Since the parameter initialization of the neural network is random, although the output results are different after the program runs for many times, the R2 is still stable between 0.7 and 1.0, which proves that the predicted value made by the system is highly approximate to the real value and can achieve the predicted effect.

Transfusion of HLA-matched platelets can reduce the effect of alloimmune responses on platelet transfusion efficacy, however, finding HLA-matched platelets in the population is nearly impossible. Almost all HLA-matched platelets from relatives are half-matched, but the hemostatic efficacy of relative donor platelets is unclear. Our goal was to compare the hemostatic effect of relative donated platelets and unrelated donors platelets. In this retrospective cohort study, We analyzed 31 patients who received platelet transfusions from relatives (treatment group) and 35 patients who received platelet transfusions from unrelated donors (comparison group). Except for the relatively small proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome in the treatment group, baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between the two groups. Hemostasis and prevention of bleeding in the treatment group showed significant superiority (P

Plasmonic resonances empowered by bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer unprecedented opportunities to tailor light–matter interaction. However, excitation of high quality-factor ( Q -factor) quasi-BICs is often limited to collimated light at specific polarization and incident directions, rendering challenges for unpolarized focused light. The major hurdle is the lack of robustness against weak spatial coherence and poor polarization of incident light. Here, addressing this limitation, we demonstrate sharp resonances in symmetric plasmonic metasurfaces by exploiting BICs in the parameter space, offering ultraweak angular dispersion effect and polarization-independent performance. Specifically, a high- Q ( ≈ 71 ) resonance with near-perfect absorption ( > 90 % ) is obtained for the input of unpolarized focused light covering wide incident angles (from 0° to 30°). Also, giant electric and magnetic field enhancement simultaneously occurs in quasi-BICs. These results provide a way to achieve efficient near-field enhancement using focused light produced by high numerical aperture objectives.

Studies on the effects of transcriptional memory on clone reprogramming in mammals are limited. In the present study, we observed higher levels of active histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and repressive (5-methylcytosine) epigenetic modifications in bovine early cloned embryos than in in vitro fertilized embryos. We hypothesized that aberrant epigenetic modification may result in transcriptional disorders in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. RNA sequencing results confirmed that both abnormal transcriptional silencing and transcriptional activation are involved in bovine SCNT reprogramming. The cloned embryos exhibited excessive transcription in RNA processing- and translation-related genes as well as transcriptional defects in reproduction-related genes whose transcriptional profiles were similar to those in donor cells. These results demonstrated the existence of active and silent memory genes inherited from donor cells in early bovine SCNT embryos. Further, H3K4me3-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) mRNA was injected into the reconstructed embryos to reduce the increased H3K4me3 modification. KDM5B overexpression not only reduced the transcriptional level of active memory genes, but also promoted the expression of silent memory genes; in particular, it rescued the expression of multiple development-related genes. These results showed that transcriptional memory acts as a reprogramming barrier and KDM5B improves SCNT reprogramming via bidirectional regulation effects on transcriptional memory genes in bovines.

Previous studies have revealed that blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BUN/ALB) is one of major risk factors of mortality in pneumonia. However, there are fewer scientific research about the correlation between BUN/ALB ratio and outcome of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids. This study was undertaken to explore the prognostic value of BUN/ALB ratio for mortality of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids.The present study was a retrospective cohort study. 1397 subjects receiving glucocorticoids alone or glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants from six secondary and tertiary academic hospitals in China were analyzed. The endpoint of the study was 30-day mortality. It was noted that the entire study was completed by Li et al. and uploaded the data to the DATADRYAD website. The author only used this data for secondary analysis.After adjusting potential confounders (age, sex, WBC, persistent lymphocytopenia, PLT, ALT, AST, Cr, high-dose steroid use, and COPD), non-linear relationship was detected between BUN/ALB ratio and 30-day mortality, whose point was 0.753. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left and right sides of inflection point were 23.110 (7.157, 74.623) and 0.410 (0.074, 2.283), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed the positive association was stronger among subjects with connective tissue disease.The relationship between BUN/ALB ratio and 30-day mortality of pneumonia in patients receiving glucocorticoids is non-linear. BUN/ALB ratio is positively related with 30-day mortality when BUN/ALB ratio is less than 0.753.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard or low-dose chemotherapy followed by HLA-mismatched allogeneic T-cell infusion (allo-TLI) for the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and patients with intermediate-2 to high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).MethodsWe carried out a prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial. Totally of 25 patients were enrolled, including 17 AML patients and 8 MDS patients. Each patient received four courses of non-ablative chemotherapy, with HLA-mismatched donor CD3+ allo-TLI 24 h after each course. AML patients received chemotherapy with decitabine, idarubicin, and cytarabine, and MDS patients received decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.ResultsA total of 79 procedures were performed. The overall response rates of the AML and MDS patients were 94% and 75% and the 1-year overall survival rates were 88% (61–97%) and 60% (13–88%), respectively. The overall 60-day treatment-related mortality was 8%. Compared with a historical control cohort that received idarubicin plus cytarabine (3 + 7), the study group showed significantly better overall response (94% vs. 50%, P=0.002) and overall survival rates (the 1-year OS rate was 88% vs. 27%, P=0.014). Post-TLI cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) occurred after 79% of allo-TLI operations, and 96% of CRS reactions were grade 1.ConclusionElderly AML patients and intermediate-2 to high-risk MDS patients are usually insensitive to or cannot tolerate regular chemotherapies, and may not have the opportunity to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Our study showed that non-ablative chemotherapy followed by HLA-mismatched allo-TLI is safe and effective, and may thus be used as a first-line treatment for these patients.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=20112.

Dynamic quantitative descriptive analysis and temporal dominance of sensations were used to analyze the data of sensory evaluation and characterize the taste profiles of chicken soup. The results showed that umami and saltiness were the dominant taste of the chicken soup and chicken soup with ginger. Nine taste peptides were identified by Nano-LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and evaluated by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue. Among the identified peptides, AGPSIVH, IKDPHVD and TPPKID were characterized by umami. Besides, IKDPHVD, FAGDDAPR and NALNDITSL showed umami-enhancing effects. The results of molecular docking suggested that the key binding sites were crucial to the docking, such as His71, Ser107 and Glu301 of taste receptor type 1 member 1 and Asp216, Ser104, His145 and Ala302 of taste receptor type 1 member 3. Considering the ranking of sensory analysis, the interaction with taste receptor type 1 member 3 was more likely to relate to the umami intensity of peptides.

The average porosity and permeability in the developed clastic rock reservoir in Tarim oilfield in China is 22.16% and 689.85×10-3 μm2. The isolation layer thickness between water layer and oil layer is less than 2 meters. The pressure of oil layer is 0.99 g/cm3, and the pressure of bottom water layer is 1.22 g/cm3, the pressure difference between them is as bigger as 12 to 23 MPa. It is difficult to achieve the layer isolation between the water layer and oil layer. To solve the zonal isolation difficulty and reduce permeable loss risk in clastic reservoir with high porosity and permeability, matrix anti-invasion additive, self-innovate plugging ability material of slurry, self-healing slurry, open-hole packer outside the casing, design and control technology of cement slurry performance, optimizing casing centralizer location technology and displacement with high pump rate has been developed and successfully applied. The results show that: First, the additive with physical and chemical crosslinking structure matrix anti-invasion is developed. The additive has the characteristics of anti-dilution, low thixotropy, low water loss and short transition, and can seal the water layer quickly. Second, the plugging material in the slurry has a better plugging performance and could reduce the permeability of artificial core by 70-80% in the testing evaluation. Third, the self-healing cement slurry system can quickly seal the fracture and prevent the fluid from flowing, and can ensuring the long-term effective sealing of the reservoir. Fourth, By strict control of the thickening time (operation time) and consistency (20-25 Bc), the cement slurry can realize zonal isolation quickly, which has achieved the purpose of quickly sealing off the water layer and reduced the risk of permeable loss. And the casing centralizers are used to ensure that the standoff ratio of oil and water layer is above 67%. The displacement with high pump rate (2 m3/min, to ensure the annular return velocity more than 1.2 m/s) can efficiently clean the wellbore by diluting the drilling fluid and washing the mud cake, and can improve the displacement efficiency. The cementing technology has been successfully applied in 100 wells in Tarim Oilfield. The qualification rate and high quality rate is 87.9% and 69% in 2019, and achieve zone isolation. No water has been produced after the oil testing and the water content has decreased to 7% after production. With the cementing technology, we have improved zonal isolation, increased the crude oil production and increased the benefit of oil.

To study the umami peptides derived from porcine bone soup, ultrafiltration fractions with molecular weight less than 1 kDa were screened by sensory analysis which showed higher umami intensity. Four potential umami peptides were identified from the screened fractions by Nano-LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, among which FSGLDGAK, FAGDDAPR and FSGLDGSK were proved to have dominant umami taste by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue. The threshold of the three peptides ranged from 0.1 mM to 0.89 mM. In addition, FSGLDGSK had the highest umami intensity and exhibited a significant umami-enhancing effect in a 0.35% monosodium glutamate solution. The results of molecular docking simulation showed that the key binding sites of taste receptor type 1 member 1 (His71, Asp108 and Glu301) and taste receptor type 1 member 3 (Glu48, Ser104 and His145) were crucial to the interaction with the umami peptides. Besides, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond mainly contributed to the mechanism of umami taste.

Meta-surfaces are composed of an array of artificial nanostructures. The electromagnetic wave can be manipulated with its phase, polarization, and amplitude at will. Nowadays, the demand for photonics is extended from classical to quantum optics. With the advent of the post-Moore era, the fabrication technology of the semiconductor industry has faced the problem of the physical limitation approach. They have urgently needed to find out new methods and new physics to break through this dilemma. Quantum optics technology is the most suitable solution for this situation. Here, the design, fabrication, and application of the novel optical meta-devices are reported from classical to quantum optics in this talk. The meta-lens array with achromatism is used to demonstrate a light field system for imaging and sensing. The integrated meta-lens array is used to demonstrate a high dimensional quantum light source chip with excellent performance of quantum fidelity.

In recent years, Meta-lens has become a new type of optical device, showing excellent performance and novel applications. The nanoantennas of meta-lens can be used to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization at well. The phase part is the most important part of the function of the meta-lens. However, so far, the phase distribution of meta-lenses has not been directly measured, which further hinders the quantitative evaluation of their performance. We have developed an interferometric imaging phase measurement system for meta-lens and meta-devices. This system can measure the phase distribution by shooting the interference pattern. The phase distribution of meta-lenses can be measured to quantitatively characterize the imaging performance. Our meta-lens phase measurement system can help for designers to optimize the design, for manufacturers to identify defects, thereby improving the manufacturing process. This work will pave the way for meta-lens in industrial applications.

The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late-gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late-gestation and lactating sows. Forty-five late-gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually-housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001) while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late-gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late-gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5 to 375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07 to 0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC (2012) to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late-gestation sows.

In order to improve the reconstruction effect of plant hyperspectral images, a region-based block compressive sensing (RBCS) algorithm is proposed. Local means and local standard deviations (LMLSD) criterion is used to select the optimal band in the hyperspectral images. The k-means clustering algorithm is introduced to extract the tea regions from the optimal band. And spatial adaptive blocking strategy is involved to realize the optimized spatial blocking only for tea regions in the hyperspectral images. Then discrete cosine transform (DCT) sparse basis and random gaussian measurement matrix are combined to compress the data. Finally, stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit (StOMP) algorithm is used to reconstruct plant hyperspectral images. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), spectrum curve and spectral angle mapper (SAM) and the error of spectral indices are used to evaluate the reconstructed performance in the spatial and spectral domains. Experimental results show that the reconstructed performance of RBCS is significantly better than that of single spectral compressive sensing (SSCS) and block compressive sensing (BCS) at different sampling ratios.

The sparse representation of the original signal and compression of the sparse coefficients in the process of compressive sensing have a large influence on the reconstruction of plant hyperspectral data to retrieve plant physiological and biochemical parameters. In order to compress plant hyperspectral data more effectively, we should retain the non-redundant information of the original plant hyperspectral data which lays a good basis for spectral data recovery. Based on the compressive sensing of plant spectral data, discrete cosine transform (DCT), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) dictionaries are used to compress and reconstruct the plant spectra at different sampling. After the spectral curve, the error of spectral indices of the reconstructed data and the error of inversion model are evaluated, and experimental results show that the K-SVD dictionary can achieve better sparsity performance than that of the other dictionaries at different sampling rates. Based on the K-SVD dictionary, Gaussian matrix, Bernoulli matrix, partial Fourier matrix, sparse random matrix, Toeplitz matrix, and cycling matrix are used to compress and reconstruct the plant spectra at different sampling rates. Experimental results show that partial Fourier matrix can achieve the better compression performance of the spectral curve, SAM, spectral index error and the reconstructed mean PSNR values than that of the other measurement matrices. Therefore, the K-SVD dictionary and partial Fourier matrix of the compressive sensing show the best reconstructed efficiency.

Twisting behaviors of the optical vortices and the intensity patterns of a strongly focused, circularly polarized field with two off-axis vortices are investigated in this article. The transverse focal shift (TFS) which is mainly caused by the off-axis vortices and the strong focusing effect is also studied. It is very interesting to find that in the focal region the two off-axis vortices can coil many circles with each other as the beam propagates, and their trajectories form a double helical structure. Three factors for this twisting behavior are analyzed. It is also found that the intensity maxima of the total field are not strongly influenced by the twisting behavior of the vortices and rotate only a quarter circle (90°) to the focal plane. In contrast to the TFS in the linearly polarized field, the ‘actual focus/foci’ in this circularly polarized field does/do not move between the + y s axis and the − y s axis or the y s axis and the x s axis, but is/are always confined on the + y s ∕ y s axis. These results will be useful in understanding the general rotational behaviors in optical fields with off-axis vortices and can have applications in optical manipulations.

In this case report, we describe a tortuous, yet rare, treatment process of the patient. The first biopsy of the patient suggested inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, ALK (D5F3) positive. Considering the benign progression of the disease, and no indication for surgical resection, oral prednisone was given first. However, the disease rapidly progressed, and a second biopsy revealed a pulmonary sarcomatoid cancer. Since the biopsy was ALK (D5F3) positive, the effect of crizotinib treatment was significant, though crizotinib resistance unfortunately only occurred after 4 months. The third biopsy pathology was performed and confirmed lung adenocarcinoma. After switching to pembrolizumab treatment, the lesions were significantly reduced after four courses of treatment. The current condition of patient persisted in partial response., Video abstract Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/P5VzDi0PIB4

Accurate estimation of the ratio of carotenoid (Car) to chlorophyll (Chl) content is crucial to provide valuable insight into diagnoses of plant physiological and phenological status in crop fields. Studies for assessing the ratio of Car to Chl content have been extensively conducted with semi-empirical approaches using spectral indices. However, spectral indices established in previous studies generally relied on site- or species-specific measured data and these indices typically lacked sufficient estimation accuracy for the ratio of Car to Chl content to be used across various species and under different physiological conditions. In this study, we propose a novel combined carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio index (CCRI) in the form of the carotenoid index (CARI) divided by the red-edge chlorophyll index (CIred-edge): The value of the index is illustrated using synthetic data simulated from the leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT-5 and with extensive measured datasets at both the leaf and canopy level from the ANGERS dataset and winter wheat and maize field experiments. Results show that CCRI was the index with the highest correlation with the ratio of Car to Chl content in PROSPECT-5 simulations (R2 = 0.99, RRMSE = 8.65%) compared to other spectral indices. Calibration and validation results using the ANGERS and winter wheat leaf level data showed that CCRI achieved accurate estimation of the ratio of Car to Chl content (R2 = 0.52, RRMSE = 14.10%). CCRI also showed a good performance (R2 = 0.54, RRMSE = 17.08%) for estimation of the ratio of Car to Chl content in both calibration and validation with the winter wheat and maize canopy spectra measured in field experiments. Further investigation of the effect of the correlation between leaf Chl and Car content on the performance of CCRI indicated that variation of the correlation affected the retrieval accuracy of CCRI, and CCRI might not be very sensitive to changes of the ratio of Car to Chl content with low values (

Many reported synthetic methods for hollow porous carbon dodecahedrons based on a templating strategy are relatively complex, and the obtained hollow structure is usually single shell. Herein, we propose a multi-layered zeolitic imidazolate framework based self-templated synthesis of nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon dodecahedrons with various architectures such as single-shell, double-shell, yolk–shell and yolk-double-shell. The mechanism of formation of the hollow structure is also demonstrated and it indicates that our strategy can be extended to prepare more multi-shell or yolk-multi-shell nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon dodecahedrons. All obtained nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon dodecahedrons are employed as electroactive materials for the construction of supercapacitor electrodes. Owing to their hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure, high nitrogen doping, large surface area, graphitic structure, and the unique yolk-double-shell hollow structure, nitrogen-doped yolk-double-shell hollow porous carbon dodecahedrons (N-YDS-HPCDs) exhibit a distinguished capacitance of 346 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, excellent stability with approximately 93% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles, and a high energy density of 11.64 W h kg−1 at a power density of 250 W kg−1.

The optical illusion affects depth-sensing due to the limited and specific light-field information acquired by single-lens imaging. The incomplete depth information or visual deception would cause cognitive errors. To resolve this problem, an intelligent and compact depth-sensing meta-device that is miniaturized, integrated, and applicable for diverse scenes in all light levels is demonstrated. The compact and multifunction stereo vision system adopts an array with 3600 achromatic meta-lenses and a size of 1.2 × 1.2 mm

As dynamic nonlinearities, rate-limiters make it difficult to obtain globally optimal parameters for proportional-integral (PI) controllers to optimize a given control performance index. This paper proposes a parallel grid-search method to determine optimal PI controller parameters. First, the latent parameter set is formulated subject to feasible ranges and search steps for controller parameters. Second, values of the control performance index are calculated for all members in the latent parameter set. The parameters corresponding to the best control performance index are determined as optimal PI controller parameters. Parallel computations at multi-core CPUs are exploited to ensure all required computations to be completed within a given time span. Numerical and experimental examples are provided to support the proposed method.

Mushroom-forming fungi comprise diverse species that develop complex multicellular structures. In cultivated species, both ecological adaptation and artificial selection have driven genome evolution. However, little is known about the connections among genotype, phenotype and adaptation in mushroom-forming fungi.This study aimed to (1) uncover the population structure and demographic history ofWe analyzed genomes and fruiting body-related traits (FBRTs) in 133We detected three distinct subgroups ofAdaptation to the local environment, especially temperature, triggered genetic divergence and phenotypic differentiation of

Pesticides and fertilizers are often used to improve the yield and quality of cucumber fruit. In this study, the effect of pesticide applied with or without foliar fertilizer on the cucumber fruit metabolism was investigated. The results showed that the mixed use of pesticides and foliar fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of organic acids and the antioxidant level. When pesticide was used without foliar fertilizer, cucumber fruit up-regulated (1.3 times) shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway and improved the antioxidant capacity to deal with the pesticide stress. However, the tricarboxylic acid cycle was up-regulated 1.1 times and the antioxidant capacity was improved to promote the pesticide dissipation when pesticide was applied with foliar fertilizer. These observations indicate that the mixed application of foliar fertilizer and pesticides can regulate related metabolites and metabolic pathways, improve the quality and antioxidant capacity of cucumber fruit, and promote the dissipation of pesticides.

The mixed application of pesticides and foliar fertilizer has been widely used in the production of cucumber, however, their effects on plant growth and pesticide dissipation are still unclear. In this study, the effects of mixed application of pymetrozine, tebuconazole and foliar fertilizer on the cucumber plant growth and pesticide dissipation were investigated simultaneously. The results show that the mixed use of pymetrozine, tebuconazole, especially adding foliar fertilizer, improved the physiological indexes (i.e., area, nitrogen content and chlorophyll content of the leaves, and root growth) of cucumber plants compared to those with the application of single pesticide. Meanwhile, it can significantly affect the dissipation of pymetrozine even in the slower growth matrices (lower leaves, stems, and plants). The residue of tebuconazole in cucumber plants was affected by the combination of formulation type and foliar fertilizer. This study can provide data for scientifically guiding the mixed application of pesticide and fertilizer.

In view of the high shut in pressure of gas wells in Kuqa mountain front ultra-high pressure block where the highest shut in pressure of KeS X is 115MPa, the 105MPa casing head currently used can not meet the shut in demanding, so the risk of well control is high. A new 140MPa mandrel casing head was developed. Its sealing structure adopts the form of X Metal sealing at the upper end and rubber seal at the lower end, which has the characteristics of high pressure bearing and reliable sealing performance. The structural design verification of the 140 MPa mandrel casing head was conducted by finite element analysis(FEA) of the structural strength and sealing performance of the key components of the casing head, including casing head body and hanger. Then indoor evaluation tests were carried out on the material, strength and sealing performance of the casing head and hanger, as well as the overall structure, and the 140MPa mandrel casing is completed Finally, the quality control level of 140MPa mandrel casing head product has reached the requirements of ultra-high pressure field working condition through field trial in ultra-high pressure gas well, and it has the conditions for promotion and application in other ultra-high pressure gas wells. The results of and FEA show that the maximum bearing capacity of the mandrel type casing head is 793t, and no yielding occurs under the conditions of bearing capacity of 473t, external pressure of 140MPa and safety factor of 1.35; the maximum internal pressure resistance of the hanger is 212MPa, and no yielding occurs under the conditions of bearing capacity of 200t, internal pressure of 140MPa and safety factor of 1.35. The indoor evaluation test shows that: ① there is no sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the casing head body (0Cr18Ni9) and hanger (718); ② there is no leakage in the casing head body under 210MPa clean water and hanger under 140MPa nitrogen; ③ there is no yield in the casing head step and hanger under 673t pressure in the mandrel type casing head. The field test shows that the test pressure of the mandrel type casing head is 117MPa and it is qualified under 280t setting and hanging tonnage. At present, the 140 MPa mandrel casing head has been successfully used in Kuqa mountain for 15 wells, which provides a reliable guarantee for the safety production of ultra-high pressure gas wells. The 140MPa mandrel casing head developed in this paper has the following three innovations: ① adopt the structure without top wire, fix the wear-resistant sleeve by installing the top wire flange during drilling, and avoid the leakage caused by the top wire hole in the later production; ② adopt the form of upper metal seal + lower X-type rubber seal in the sealing structure of hanger, which can not only avoid the metal seal of hanger during the lowering process The seal assembly is damaged and fails, and in case of unqualified pressure test, the metal seal assembly at the upper end of the hanger can be replaced; ③ a limited step is designed at the contact part between the metal seal assembly at the upper end of the mandrel hanger and the casing head body, which can transfer the excess pressure to the casing head body, so as to avoid the failure of the rubber seal and bearing step at the lower part of the hanger.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used in a wide range of applications in the production of gene-edited animals and plants. Most efforts to insert genes have relied on homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated integration, but this strategy remains inefficient for the production of gene-edited livestock, especially monotocous species such as cattle. Although efforts have been made to improve HDR efficiency, other strategies have also been proposed to circumvent these challenges. Here we demonstrate that a homology-mediated end-joining (HMEJ)-based method can be used to create gene-edited cattle that displays precise integration of a functional gene at the ROSA26 locus. We found that the HMEJ-based method increased the knock-in efficiency of reporter genes by eightfold relative to the traditional HDR-based method in bovine fetal fibroblasts. Moreover, we identified the bovine homology of the mouse Rosa26 locus that is an accepted genomic safe harbor and produced three live-born gene-edited cattle with higher rates of pregnancy and birth, compared with previous work. These gene-edited cattle exhibited predictable expression of the functional gene natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1), a metal ion transporter that should and, in our experiments does, increase resistance to bovine tuberculosis, one of the most detrimental zoonotic diseases. This research contributes to the establishment of a safe and efficient genome editing system and provides insights for gene-edited animal breeding.

In mammals, sperm-borne regulators can be transferred to oocytes during fertilization and have different effects on the formation of pronuclei, the first cleavage of zygotes, the development of preimplantation embryos and even the metabolism of individuals after birth. The regulatory role of sperm microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of bovine preimplantation embryos has not been reported in detail. By constructing and screening miRNA expression libraries, we found that miR-202 was highly enriched in bovine sperm. As a target gene of miR-202, co-injection of SEPT7 siRNA can partially reverse the accelerated first cleavage of bovine embryos caused by miR-202 inhibitor. In addition, both a miR-202 mimic and SEPT7 siRNA delayed the first cleavage of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, suggesting that miR-202-SEPT7 mediates the delay of first cleavage of bovine embryos. By further exploring the relationship between miR-202/SEPT7, HDAC6 and acetylated α-tubulin during embryonic development, we investigated how sperm-borne miR-202 regulates the first cleavage process of bovine embryos by SEPT7 and demonstrate the potential of sperm-borne miRNAs to improve the efficiency of SCNT.

Glycoprotein (GP) Ib is a platelet membrane receptor complex exposed to vascular injury, proposed as an effective target for stroke therapy. Previously, we have observed that the GPIb antagonist anfibatide (ANF) could mitigate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. The current study was designed to investigate whether the amelioration of the BBB by ANF is mediated via the Epac signaling pathway. A murine model of CI/R injury was induced following 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). ANF (4 μg/kg) was intravenously injected 1 h after reperfusion. Herein, ANF ameliorated BBB disruption, increased the expression of tight junction proteins, suppressed F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, decreased the permeability of the ischemic brain tissue, and relieved brain edema. ANF-treated mice had smaller infarct volumes and less severe neurological deficits than the MCAO mice. Moreover, the effects of ANF and Epac1 agonists were very similar in the MCAO mice. Epac activation with a cAMP analog, 8-CPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP, mitigated the breakdown of BBB function and CI/R injury. The Epac specific antagonist, ESI-09, worsened barrier damage and cerebral impairment, antagonizing the protective effects afforded by ANF. In addition, ANF upregulated the expression of Epac1 protein in the ischemic cerebral cortex. Collectively, our results indicate that the protective effect of ANF on the BBB after CI/R could be attributed to the activation of the Epac pathway.

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four nereistoxin-related pesticides, viz. cartap, thiocyclam, thiosultap-monosodium, and thiosultap-disodium, in 20 plant foods. The samples were extracted using a hydrochloric acid solution containing cysteine hydrochloride, derivatized to nereistoxin under alkaline conditions, and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The average recoveries of the method were 72-108%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.3-14.7% (n = 1200, p 0.05). The intermediate precision and reproducibility experiments using established methods were also carried out. All the results passed the Cochrane and Grubbs tests (n = 2400, p 0.05). The RSDs of intermediate precision and RSDs of reproducibility among laboratories were in the ranges 1.7-10.9% and 2.4-15.3% (n = 2400, p 0.05), respectively, indicating that the accuracy and precision of the method are satisfactory. This method can be used to detect nereistoxin-related pesticides in plant foods.