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Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common secondary kidney disease. Immune and inflammatory responses play an influential role in the development of DN. This study aims to explore the role and mechanisms of immune- and inflammatory-related factors in DN. Participants from the NHANES 2013–2018 were included to evaluate the association between the SII and DN. Considering the skewed distribution of SII, log SII was used for subsequent analysis. Then, the DEGs were extracted from the GSE96804 dataset by the “limma” package of R, which were further screened out genes in the key module based on WGCNA. The intersection genes between DEGs and key module genes were the key genes for the following mechanism exploration. The CyTargetlinker plug-in of Cytoscape software was used to construct the drug-genes network. Molecular docking was used to calculate the binding affinity between potential drugs and the hub genes. Among the 8236 participants from NHANES 2013–2018, Log SII was significantly associated with DN (p

Abstract Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between methyl mercury (MeHg) level and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) risk based on the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011–2012). Methods A total of 5243 participants with 20 variables were enrolled. The importance of these variables on TB infection was first ranked by XGBoost and Random Forest methods. Then the association between MeHg level and infection risk was evaluated by restricted cubic spline, threshold effect, and generalized linear regression analyses. We also explored the factors correlated with the difference in MeHg level and finally conducted a mediation analysis to assess the mediating effect of MeHg in LTBI. Results 521 participants were experiencing the LTBI, and 12 variables showed the differences between infection and non-infection groups (all P 5.75 µg/L (P

According to previous studies, D-dimer levels are associated with the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the results of current studies are limited and controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and prognostic and pathological characteristics of PC patients. We first searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, CBM, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang to identify available studies. The relationship between pretreatment d-dimer levels and prognosis in PC patients was assessed using the combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used in assessing the relationship between pathological characteristics and d-dimer levels in PC patients. Stata 12.0 software was used for all statistical analyses. In total, we included 13 studies involving 2777 patients. The results showed that elevated pre-treatment d -dimer levels were significantly associated with OS deterioration (HR = 1.46 95% CI: 1.34–1.59; p

Introduction: β-Elemene (β-ELE), derived from Curcuma wenyujin, has anticancer effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the potential target and detail mechanism were still not clear. TFEB is the master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Ferroptosis, a promising strategy for cancer therapy could be triggered via suppression on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Weather TFEB-mediated lysosome degradation contributes to GPX4 decline and how β-ELE modulates on this process are not clear. Objectives: To observe the action of β-ELE on TFEB, and the role of TFEB-mediated GPX4 degradation in β-ELE induced ferroptosis. Methods: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking were applied to observe the binding affinity of β-ELE on TFEB. Activation of TFEB and lysosome were observed by immunofluorescence, western blot, flow cytometry and qPCR. Ferroptosis induced by β-ELE was observed via lipid ROS, a labile iron pool (LIP) assay and western blot. A549TFEB KO cells were established via CRISPR/Cas9. The regulation of TFEB on GPX4 and ferroptosis was observed in β-ELE treated A549WT and A549TFEB KO cells, which was further studied in orthotopic NOD/SCID mouse model. Results: β-ELE can bind to TFEB, notably activate TFEB, lysosome and transcriptional increase on downstream gene GLA, MCOLN1, SLC26A11 involved in lysosome activity in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cells. β-ELE increased GPX4 ubiquitination and lysosomal localization, with the increase on lysosome degradation of GPX4. Furthermore, β-ELE induced ferroptosis, which could be promoted by TFEB overexpression or compromised by TFEB knockout. Genetic knockout or inactivation of TFEB compromised β-ELE induced lysosome degradation of GPX4, which was further demonstrated in orthotopic NSCLC NOD/SCID mice model. Conclusion: This study firstly demonstrated that TFEB promoted GPX4 lysosome degradation contributes to β-ELE induced ferroptosis in EGFR wild-type NSCLC, which gives a clue that TFEB mediated GPX4 degradation would be a novel strategy for ferroptosis induction and NSCLC therapy.

Abstract Background and Objective Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release (ER) capsules are commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Evaluation of the bioequivalence of generic formulations with reference products is essential to ensure therapeutic equivalence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence, safety, and tolerability of Chinese-manufactured venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules compared with USA-manufactured EFFEXOR® XR in healthy Chinese volunteers under fed conditions. Methods A randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover study was conducted. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive the test formulation (one 150-mg ER capsule manufactured in China) or the reference formulation (one 150-mg ER capsule manufactured in the USA). The bioequivalence of the two drugs was assessed using the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last sampling time (AUC0–t ) and the maximum observed concentration (C max). Results A total of 28 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either the test or reference capsule. All the subjects completed the study and were included in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety analyses. The mean AUC0–t and C max of venlafaxine and its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine were comparable between the test and reference products with both parameters close to 100% and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals within the specified 80–125% bioequivalence boundary. Safety was also assessed between the two products and all adverse events (AEs) in this study were mild in severity. Conclusions Both the test and reference venlafaxine hydrochloride ER capsules were bioequivalent and showed a similar safety and tolerability profile in the population studied. Clinical Trials Registration This study was registered at the Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Publicity Platform ( http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html ) with registration number CTR20211243, date: June 1, 2021.

In this study, static and dynamic desorption methods, infrared spectroscopy and, in vitro antioxidant modeling were used to isolate, purify, and investigate the bioactivity of melanoidins extracted from hypoheat-induced Lycium barbarum L. The results showed that melanoidin fractions with molecular weight in the range of 3−10 kDa were the dominant and most valuable fractions. In the purification phase, the optimal purification conditions were: a loading concentration of 4 mg·mL−1, elution volume of 6 BV, and an elution flow rate of 1 mL·min−1. Purified dominant melanoidin fractions (UF3) exhibited typical Maillard reaction (MR) characteristics in FTIR. The storage stability showed that sunlight and heat treatment exacerbated the instability of the purified UF3. At the same time it was relatively stable under dark conditions and incandescent light, with a retention rate of about 90%. After in vitro digestion, the purified UF3 still exhibited good antioxidant activity, and the DPPH scavenging activity and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability reached more than 60%.

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are important indicators of healthcare quality. The aseptic non touch technique (ANTT), a standardised aseptic technique, is a crucial preventative measure against HAIs. However, there is insufficient evidence currently available regarding ANTT awareness and proficiency among nurses. This study aimed to investigate the status of ANTT proficiency in a cohort of nurses and analyse the associated risk factors, with the ultimate goal of providing a reference for promoting the application of ANTT in clinical practice. Methods The study population was sampled from nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province, China, in January 2024. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire to assess ANTT knowledge. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the risk factors influencing ANTT knowledge in nurses. Results A total of 458 nurses were included in this study. The cohort had an overall score of 49.7% correct responses on the ANTT knowledge questionnaire, with a mean score of 12.4 ± 2.4 out of 25, and 30.1% of the nurses felt that they did not need training related to ANTT. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that professional title, educational level, and the need for ANTT training were independently associated with ANTT knowledge in nurses. Nurses with Master’s degrees and associated chief nurses were observed to have higher levels of ANTT knowledge compared to the rest. Conclusions ANTT knowledge is insufficient among nurses in China, and its importance is not widely recognised. Continuous efforts are required to strengthen this knowledge. Constructing sustained, multiform, and stratified training programmes may represent an effective method to strengthen ANTT knowledge among nurses and promote its clinical use.

Abstract Objective Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) remains clinical challenging due to its rarity and underwhelming management outcomes. This study aimed to describe a novel TAO rabbit model that demonstrates a closer resemblance to TAO. Methods Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits underwent the surgical implantation of calibrated gelatin sponge particles (CGSPs) into their right femoral artery. The CGSPs were soaked in different solutions to simulate different types of thrombi: normal (NT; normal saline); inflammatory TAO thrombus (TAO; dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]), and DMSO with methotrexate (MTX). All groups underwent clinical assessment, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and histopathological analysis at time points day 0 (immediate), week 1 (acute), week 2 (subacute), and week 4 (chronic). Results The TAO rabbit presented with signs of ischemia of the right digit at week 4. On DSA, the TAO rabbits exhibited formation of corkscrew collaterals starting week 1. On H&E staining, gradual CGSP degradation was observed along with increased red blood cell aggregation and inflammatory cells migration in week 1. On week 2, disorganization of the tunica media layer and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was observed. In the TAO rabbit, migrated VSMCs, inflammatory cells, and extracellular matrix with collagen-like substances gradually occluded the lumen. On week 4, the arterial lumen of the TAO rabbit was filled with relatively-organized VSMC and endothelial cell clusters with less inflammatory cells. Neorevascularization was found in the MTX-treated group. Conclusion The novel TAO rabbit model shows a closer resemblance to human TAO clinically, radiographically, and histopathologically. Histological analysis of the IT progression in the TAO model suggests that it is of VSMC origin.

Abstract Vibrio spp. are major pathogens responsible for mortality and disease in various marine aquaculture organisms. Effective disease control and genetic breeding strategies rely heavily on understanding host vibriosis resistance mechanisms. The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is economically vital but suffers from substantial mortalities due to vibriosis. Through continuous selective breeding, we have successfully obtained vibriosis-resistant families of this species. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis on three organs, including liver, spleen and intestine from selected resistant and susceptible tongue soles. Additionally, we integrated these data with our previously published RNA-seq datasets of skin and gill, enabling the construction of organ-specific transcriptional profiles and a comprehensive gene co-expression network elucidating the differences in vibriosis resistance. Furthermore, we identified 12 modules with organ-specific functional implications. Overall, our findings provide a valuable resource for investigating the molecular basis of vibriosis resistance in fish, offering insights into target genes and pathways essential for molecular selection and genetic manipulation to enhance vibriosis resistance in fish breeding programs.

Abstract HRB500E rebar is a low-alloy high-strength steel with excellent mechanical properties and good plasticity but suffers from deficient corrosion resistance. This can be solved by adding trace elements, including rare earth elements. Herein, the corrosion-resistant behavior of rebar was evaluated by weightlessness testing and electrochemical measurements, and the effects of Ce on the structural evolution of the corrosion product layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe X-ray Micro-Analyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that adding Ce to the rebar improved the densification of the reinforcing surface corrosion products, as well as reduced the corrosion rate of the experimental rebar. Compared to C0 sample without Ce, the rebar sample containing 0.044 wt.% Ce displayed increased Ecorr by 0.051 V, decreased Icorr by 15.573 mA cm−2, enhanced Rc of the corrosion product layer by 112.71 Ω cm2, incremented α-FeOOH content in the corrosion product layer, and boosted ratio of α/γ* in the corrosion product layer by 10.11%. Furthermore, the oxide (CeO2) formed by Ce in the corrosion layer of the rebar bar surface existed in the rust layer, resulting in a stable corrosion product layer with improved blocking ability of the corrosive medium. Overall, the addition of Ce at certain ratios looks promising to produce HRB500E rebar with excellent corrosion resistance and extended service life under harsh conditions.

Abstract Background The cranial-caudal-medial approach (CCMA) has been proposed for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy nowadays. This study aimed to investigate the safety and oncological efficacy of CCMA in the treatment of right-sided colon cancer compared to the medial–lateral approach (MLA). Methods Patients diagnosed with right-sided colon cancer were included from February 2015 to June 2018, retrospectively, dividing into the CCMA group and the MLA group. We compared the basic characteristics and the short-term and long-term outcomes in two groups. Results Two hundred and ninety-six patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics were similar in two groups. Compared with MLA group, CCMA group exhibited shorter operation time (136.3 ± 25.3 min vs. 151.6 ± 21.5 min, P

Abstract Contemporary studies in polarization multiplexing are hindered by the intrinsic orthogonality constraints of polarization states, which restrict the scope of multiplexing channels and their practical applications. This research transcends these barriers by introducing an innovative nonorthogonal polarization-basis multiplexing approach. Utilizing spatially varied eigen-polarization states within metaatoms, we successfully reconstruct globally nonorthogonal channels that exhibit minimal crosstalk. This method not only facilitates the generation of free-vector holograms, achieving complete degrees-of-freedom in three nonorthogonal channels with ultra-low energy leakage, but it also significantly enhances the dimensions of the Jones matrix, expanding it to a groundbreaking 10 × 10 scale. The fusion of a controllable eigen-polarization engineering mechanism with a vectorial diffraction neural network culminates in the experimental creation of 55 intricate holographic patterns across these expanded channels. This advancement represents a profound shift in the field of polarization multiplexing, unlocking opportunities in advanced holography and quantum encryption, among other applications.

Abstract In this study, the immersion test, surface analysis, cross-section analysis, quantitative analysis and electrochemical analysis were used to study the influence of Nb/V on the corrosion behavior of high-strength anti-seismic rebar in marine environments. The corrosion results clarified that the addition of Nb/V improved the corrosion resistance of the rebar, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of the rebar and improving the stability of corrosion layers. Firstly, the addition of Nb/V promoted the transformation of unstable Fe oxyhydroxides to stable Fe oxyhydroxides in the surface corrosion layers of the rebar, thus increasing the α/(β + γ) ratio, corrosion potential and total impedance value. Secondly, the addition of Nb/V induced the formation of Nb oxides and V oxides in the surface corrosion layers of the rebar, and the existence of these oxides repaired the surface defects of corrosion layers, thus enhancing the corrosion resistance performance of surface corrosion layers of the rebar.

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women during the third trimester resulted in overall adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to non-infected controls and a unique humoral and cellular response at delivery. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal/neonatal peripartum outcomes andimmunological profiles. Method In this study, we recruited 304 SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women and 910 SARS-CoV-2 non-infected pregnant women who were admitted for delivery. Peripartum and neonates’ outcomes response to SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed. Furthermore, we characterized the antibody and cytokines profile in SARS-CoV-2 infected maternal blood (MB) and cord blood (CB). We also assessed routine laboratory tests and liver function tests in MB before labor. Unpaired T test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used to analyze the data. Results SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women were significantly associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor (13.8% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.033) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (8.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.039). The risk of low birth weight (

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and further analyze the application prospects of the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA assay in the early screening of colorectal cancer. MethodsSubjects were selected from a population attending the Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital. Each subject underwent a combined multi-target fecal FIT-DNA test (experimental group), a serum tumor marker test and enteroscopy (control group). The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of novel fecal molecular testing techniques for colorectal cancer screening with timely intervention given to screen positive individuals. ResultsThe data of 115 individuals were analyzed. Serum tumor markers test had a sensitivity of 63.2% (43/68) and a specificity of 74.5% (35/47). The enteroscopy had a sensitivity of 97.1% (66/68) and a specificity of 80.7% (38/47); the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA test had a sensitivity of 89.7% (61/68) and a specificity of 87.2% (41/47). ConclusionThe sensitivity and specificity of multitarget fecal FIT-DNA combined detection are better than those of serum tumor marker detection. Although its sensitivity is lower than enteroscopy, its operation is simpler and can be tested at home.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) presents a notable public health challenge on a global scale, exerting a considerable impact on individuals’ health and quality of life. There is mounting evidence indicating a robust association between MetS and levels of sex hormones. Therefore, the study aims to explore the relationship between sex hormone binding-globulin (SHBG) and MetS, and to provide evidence that could inform the development of effective prevention strategies for MetS. Methods Data for this cross-sectional investigation were collected during the 2013–2016 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), from which 5,499 adults were sampled. The criteria established by the Adult Treatment Program III of the National Cholesterol Education Program were utilized to define MetS. SHBG levels were measured using a standardized technique. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, multivariate restricted cubic spline, and threshold effect analyses were utilized to investigate the association between SHBG levels and MetS. Moreover, the stratified analyses and interaction tests of covariables were presented in a forest plot. Finally, sensitivity analysis was utilized to ensure the robustness of the results. Results Overall, 1822 participants had MetS. After adjusting for possible confounders, SHBG levels were associated with MetS (Odds ratio [OR], 0.984; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.981–0.986; P

Abstract In recent years, the precisely controlled synthesis of chiral twisted molecular carbons has emerged as a forefront topic in the research of carbon materials. Molecular carbons refer to carbon nanomaterials synthesized with precision at the atomic level. Through rational design, rigid and stable chiral twisted structures can be synthesized. The exploration in the field of chiral twisted molecular carbons is key to fully understanding the various twisted configurations of carbon materials and delving into the relationship between structure design and functionality. This review explores chiral twisted configurations of carbon nanomaterials such as nanographene, carbon nanobelts, carbon nanosheets, graphdiyne, etc. It emphasizes the role of photocyclization, Scholl reaction, and Diels–Alder reactions in achieving precise chiral control and discusses a range of innovative design strategies. These strategies have led to the development of various twisted structures, such as helical, propeller, and Möbius strip configurations. The introduction of chirality, combined with the inherent exceptional optical properties of nanocarbon materials, has facilitated the creation of materials with superior chiroptical performances. This advancement is driving applications in fields such as optoelectronics and chiral optics.

Abstract Circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) is closely associated with hair regression and shedding, but whether this risk can be transmitted to the offspring is unknown. Whether Pu‐erh tea, with alleviating effects of CRD‐mediated syndrome, can act on the transmission of alopecia risk to offspring is also unproven. Here, we obtained CRD parental mice offspring and found that CRD‐mediated alopecia risk can be transmitted to offspring, especially male offspring. Parental consumption of Pu‐erh tea, especially in females or both parents, reduced the risk of CRD‐mediated alopecia transmitted to offspring by inhibiting subcutaneous fat accumulation (downregulation of Rab18, fat‐specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and perilipin 1 (Plin1)), reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in skin tissue (NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)/ nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB)), balancing androgen and hair growth factor release (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)), and restoring hair follicle DNA repair function (upregulation of Ku70, 8‐Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), and Rad51). Transcriptomic analysis further clarified that the mechanism stemmed from the upregulation of gene expression in pathways such as the Wnt, Hippo, and other signaling pathways.

Purpose: To describe the anatomical and histological characteristics of the human MTL (meniscotibial ligament) that keeps the meniscus stable and are rarely discussed. Study design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In total, six fresh-frozen adult cadaver knees were dissected, and the dissection protocol were designed by two experienced anatomy professors. The anatomical morphology of MTL was observed. The main anatomical specimens included meniscus, tibial plateau, MTL. The osteotome was used to excise the portion of the tibial plateau, which could obtain the complex including partial meniscus, MTL, and a tibial fragment. A histopathologic study was performed by two experienced pathologists. Results: Macroscopically, the MTL could be divided into two parts: medial meniscotibial ligament (MMTL)and lateral meniscotibial ligament (LMTL). The MMTL is distributed continuously, whereas the LMTL is discontinuous on the tibial plateau. The average length from the tibial attachment of the LMTL to the articular surface was 19 ± 1.0mm (mean ± SD). The average length from the tibial attachment of the MMTL to the articular surface was 10 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± SD). Microscopy of the MTL showed that the MTL is a ligamentous tissue, composed of a network of oriented collagenous fibers. Conclusions: In all knees, the MTL was inserted on the outer edge of the meniscus, attaching to the tibia below the level of articular cartilage, which was key to maintaining the rotational stability of knee and the meniscus in the physiological position on the tibial plateau. Histological analysis of this ligament demonstrated that the MTL is a veritable ligamentous structure, which is made up of collagen type I–expressing fibroblasts. Clinical relevance: This article contributes to the understanding of the anatomical and histological characteristics of the MTL. It is beneficial to promote the development of relevant surgical techniques for the MTL lesion.

Abstract Cellular senescence is characterized by a decrease in protein synthesis, although the underlying processes are mostly unclear. Chemical modifications to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) frequently influence tRNA activity, which is crucial for translation. We describe how tRNA N7-methylguanosine (m7G46) methylation, catalyzed by METTL1-WDR4, regulates translation and influences senescence phenotypes. Mettl1/Wdr4 and m7G gradually diminish with senescence and aging. A decrease in METTL1 causes a reduction in tRNAs, especially those with the m7G modification, via the rapid tRNA degradation (RTD) pathway. The decreases cause ribosomes to stall at certain codons, impeding the translation of mRNA that is essential in pathways such as Wnt signaling and ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, chronic ribosome stalling stimulates the ribotoxic and integrative stress responses, which induce senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Moreover, restoring eEF1A protein mitigates senescence phenotypes caused by METTL1 deficiency by reducing RTD. Our findings demonstrate that tRNA m7G modification is essential for preventing premature senescence and aging by enabling efficient mRNA translation.

Abstract Genetic code expansion has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely introducing unnatural chemical structures into proteins to improve their catalytic functions. Given the high catalytic propensity of histidine in the enzyme pocket, increasing the chemical diversity of catalytic histidine could result in new characteristics of biocatalysts. Herein, we report the genetically encoded Nδ-Vinyl Histidine (δVin-H) and achieve the wild-type-like incorporation efficiency by the evolution of pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase. As histidine usually acts as the nucleophile or the metal ligand in the catalytic center, we replace these two types of catalytic histidine to δVin-H to improve the performance of the histidine-involved catalytic center. Additionally, we further demonstrate the improvements of the hydrolysis activity of a previously reported organocatalytic esterase (the OE1.3 variant) in the acidic condition and myoglobin (Mb) catalyzed carbene transfer reactions under the aerobic condition. As histidine is one of the most frequently used residues in the enzyme catalytic center, the derivatization of the catalytic histidine by δVin-H holds a great potential to promote the performance of biocatalysts.

Abstract Regioselective and enantioselective hydroxylation of propargylic C-H bonds are useful reactions but often lack appropriate catalysts. Here a green and efficient asymmetric hydroxylation of primary and secondary C–H bonds at propargylic positions has been established. A series of optically active propargylic alcohols were prepared with high regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) under mild reaction conditions by using P450tol, while the C≡C bonds in the molecule remained unreacted. This protocol provides a green and practical method for constructing enantiomerically chiral propargylic alcohols. In addition, we also demonstrated that the biohydroxylation strategy was able to scaled up to 2.25 mmol scale with the production of chiral propargyl alcohol 2a at a yield of 196 mg with 96% ee, which’s an important synthetic intermediate of antifungal drug Ravuconazole. Graphical Abstract

Abstract To detect and analyze the changes of microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of patients with IIIB prostatitis before and after low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment, and to explore the mechanism of LIPUS in the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP). 25 patients (study power was estimated using a Dirichlet-multinomial approach and reached 96.5% at α = 0.05 using a sample size of 25) with IIIB prostatitis who were effective in LIPUS treatment were divided into two groups before and after LIPUS treatment. High throughput second-generation sequencing technique was used to detect and analyze the relative abundance of bacterial 16 s ribosomal variable regions in EPS before and after treatment. The data were analyzed by bioinformatics software and database, and differences with P

The deintercalation of weakly bonded A element affects the microstructure and properties of MAX phases and their reinforced composites. In this work, the effect of M-site element on the interaction of Al-containing M2AlC (M = V, Cr) phase and Ag, and the induced properties of Ag/M2AlC electrical contact materials (ECMs) were investigated. Though Ag and Al are soluble to each other and can form intermetallics, the variation of M element significantly affected the vacancy formation of Al, and thereby the interfacial reaction of Ag/M2AlC. The difficult formation of Al vacancy in V2AlC contributed to no obvious interfacial reaction in Ag/V2AlC. But the easy deintercalation of Al atoms in Cr2AlC led to their massive replacement by Ag, which generated Ag nano-twins and Cr3C2 with the same crystallographic relationship in one original Cr2AlC, and Cr7C3 and Ag3Al as well. Due to the distinct interactions, the resistivities of Ag/V2AlC and Ag/Cr2AlC increased by roughly 1 and 5 times after sintering, respectively. The low resistivity and proper hardness of the sintered Ag/V2AlC, which were very close to those of the “all-purpose” commercial Ag/CdO, contributed to its superior arc erosion resistance.

In this study, the synergistic effect of the Nb content and cooling rate on the microstructural transformation, precipitation behavior, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled rebar was studied using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation machine, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a universal tensile testing machine. The results showed that the synergistic effect of Nb content and cooling rate could optimize the microstructure and precipitation behavior of rebar, promote ferrite and pearlite transformation, and reduce the ferrite grain size, pearlite lamellar spacing, and precipitated phase size, thereby improving the strength and plasticity of Nb-containing rebar. When the cooling rate was 3 °C/s and the Nb content was 0.035 wt%, the ferrite grain size decreased to 21.45 μm, the pearlite lamellar spacing refined to 0.222 μm, and the particle size of the (Nb, Ti, V) C precipitates reduced to 5 nm. Accordingly, the yield and tensile strength increased to 779 ± 6 MPa and 973 ± 8 MPa, respectively, the elongation at fracture increased to 16.35%, and the microhardness increased to 311.39 ± 8.0 HV.

CD73, an important metabolic and immune escape-promoting gene, catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine (ADO). AMP has anti-inflammatory and vascular relaxant properties, while ADO has a strong immunosuppressive effect, suggesting that CD73 has pro-inflammatory and immune escape effects. However, CD73 also decreased proinflammatory reaction, suggesting that CD73 has a positive side to the body. Indeed, CD73 plays a protective role in diabetes, while with age, CD73 changes from anti-atherosclerosis to pro-atherosclerosis. The upregulation of CD73 with agents, including AGT-5, Aire-overexpressing DCs, Aspirin, BAFFR-Fc, CD4+ peptide, ICAs, IL-2 therapies, SAgAs, sCD73, stem cells, RAD51 inhibitor, TLR9 inhibitor, and VD, decreased diabetes and atherosclerosis development. However, the downregulation of CD73 with agents, including benzothiadiazine derivatives and CD73 siRNA, reduced atherosclerosis. Notably, many CD73 agents were investigated in clinical trials. However, no agents were used to treat diabetes and atherosclerosis. Most agents were CD73 inhibitors. Only FP-1201, a CD73 agonist, was investigated in clinical trials but its further development was discontinued. In addition, many lncRNAs, circRNAs, and genes are located at the same chromosomal location as CD73. In particular, circNT5E promoted CD73 expression. circNT5E may be a promising target for agent development. This mini-review focuses on the current state of knowledge of CD73 in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and its potential role in agent development.

Rapid urbanization intensifies the challenges of achieving satisfaction and equity in ecosystem services (ESs). Beginning with a theoretical overview, we identify five pivotal challenges in managing urban ESs, forming the basis for our integrative analysis. Employing a multi-level analytical perspective, our research quantifies ESs satisfaction through supply–demand ratios and evaluates ESs equity via supply–demand Gini coefficient. Simultaneously explored the driving force relationship between these two dimensions. This study uses Guangdong Province, a typical urbanized area in China, as a case study to assess the supply and demand relationships of four regulating ESs: water retention, soil retention, carbon storage, and water purification. Our results highlight the disparity in ESs management effectiveness across different scales while the overall assessments might suggest adequate or equitable ESs, localized assessments within cities and regions often uncover specific ESs issues. A pivotal aspect is that single-factor critical to ESs satisfaction or equity dimension may have limited or opposing importance in another, but interactive effects of multiple factors can effectively mitigate these divergent impacts through non-linear synergies. These insights not only reveal the multiplex impacts of natural–social–economic drivers on urban expansion but also guide the targeted development in different management scale, multi-dimensional management strategies to address these disparities. This approach enriches the discourse on sustainable urban development and provides a robust framework for addressing the nuanced challenges of urban ESs management.

Dust concentration in coal mine roadways significantly affects worker safety and health. Effective dust control is critical for optimizing the mine ventilation system and creating a safer working environment. This study investigates the impact of ventilation duct arrangements on dust concentration in a heading face, aiming to identify the optimal configurations for minimizing dust levels and enhancing worker safety. Using numerical simulations based on the gas-solid two-phase flow model in Fluent, we analyzed the effects of varying duct outlet distances and heights on airflow patterns and dust dispersion. Mesh generation, grid independence verification, and detailed parameter settings ensured accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. Results indicate that positioning the duct outlet 8 m from the heading face reduces dust concentration to approximately 39 mg/m³, while setting the duct height at 1.5 m notably decreases dust levels in the worker breathing zone. A mesh density of 576,449 cells ensured convergence and computational efficiency with an error margin within 2%. The findings provide practical insights into ventilation system optimization for coal mine heading faces, contributing to improved occupational health and operational safety. Future research should focus on validating these results through field experiments and addressing complex real-world conditions.

IntroductionA growing body of evidence suggests a potential connection between myocardial infarction (MI) and lung cancer (LC). However, the underlying pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This research aims to identify common genes and pathways between MI and LC through bioinformatics analysis.MethodsTwo public datasets (GSE166780 and GSE8569) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Common DEGs were enriched using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Hub genes were identified and their diagnostic performance was evaluated. Gene co-expression networks, as well as regulatory networks involving miRNA-hub genes and TF-hub genes, were also constructed. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted.ResultsAmong the datasets, 34 common trend DEGs were identified. Enrichment analysis linked these DEGs to key biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Eight hub genes (CEBPA, TGFBR2, EZH2, JUNB, JUN, FOS, PLAU, COL1A1) were identified, demonstrating promising diagnostic accuracy. Key transcription factors associated with these hub genes include SP1, ESR1, CREB1, ETS1, NFKB1, and RELA, while key miRNAs include hsa-mir-101-3p, hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-mir-29c-3p, hsa-mir-93-5p, and hsa-mir-155-5p. Additionally, potential therapeutic drugs were identified, with zoledronic acid anhydrous showing potential value in reducing the co-occurrence of the two diseases.DiscussionThis study identified eight common signature genes shared between NSCLC and AMI. Validation datasets confirmed the diagnostic value of key hub genes COL1A1 and PLAU. These findings suggest that shared hub genes may serve as novel therapeutic targets for patients with both diseases. Ten candidate drugs were predicted, with zoledronic acid showing potential for targeting dual hub genes, offering a promising therapeutic approach for the comorbidity of lung cancer and myocardial infarction.

A 13-year-old boy was admitted to Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University due to HBV-related liver cancer. Intrahepatic metastasis was considered to occur by CT scan. A gastroscope revealed esophagogastric variceal bleeding, and later, the patient underwent a successful liver transplantation. Fourteen months posttransplant, chest CT indicated lung metastasis, and the patient underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. Twenty-one months posttransplant, gastroscopy revealed a gastric fundus tumor growing into the gastric cavity. Proximal gastrectomy was performed, and pathology indicated moderately to poorly differentiated carcinoma without invasion of serosa, suggesting the first study to report HCC metastasis to the stomach lumen without invasion of serosa after LT. Currently, the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level of the patient has dropped below normal.

Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineages escape most preclinical/clinical neutralizing antibodies in development, suggesting that previously employed antibody screening strategies are not well suited to counteract the rapid mutation of SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen better broad‐spectrum neutralizing antibody. In this study, a comprehensive approach to design broad‐spectrum inhibitors against both SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 by leveraging the structural diversity of nanobodies is proposed. This includes the de novo design of a fully human nanobody library and the camel immunization‐based nanobody library, both targeting conserved epitopes, as well as the development of multivalent nanobodies that bind nonoverlapping epitopes. The results show that trivale B11‐E8‐F3, three nanobodies joined tandemly in trivalent form, have the broadest spectrum and efficient neutralization activity, which spans from SARS‐CoV‐1 to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. It is also demonstrated that B11‐E8‐F3 has a very prominent preventive and some therapeutic effect in animal models of three authentic viruses. Therefore, B11‐E8‐F3 has an outstanding advantage in preventing SARS‐CoV‐1/SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, especially in immunocompromised populations or elderly people with high‐risk comorbidities.

Typha is a cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus that includes species with widespread global distributions. In previous studies, a revised molecular phylogeny was inferred using seven plastid loci from nine Typha species across different geographic regions. By utilizing complete organellar genomes, we aim to provide a more comprehensive dataset that offers a robust phylogenetic signal for resolving Typha species evolutionary relationships. Here, we assembled T. latifolia and T. domingensis mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) using a combination of short-read and long-read data (PacBio, ONT). The mitogenomes of both species are assembled into single circular molecules of 395,136 bp and 395,140 bp in length, respectively, with a similar GC content of 46.7%. A total of 39 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes were annotated in both mitogenomes. The plastid genomes (plastomes) of both species possess typical quadripartite structures observed across most plants, with sizes of 161,545 bp and 161,230 bp. The overall average GC content of the plastomes of both species was 36.6%. The comparative analysis of the plastome and mitogenome revealed that 12 mitogenome DNA fragments share similar sequences with in the repeat regions of the corresponding plastomes, suggesting a past transfer of repeat regions into the mitogenome. Additionally, the mitogenomes of the two Typha species exhibited high sequence conservation with several syntenic blocks. Phylogenetic analysis of the organellar genomes of the two Typha species and 10 related species produced congruent phylogenetic trees. The availability of these organellar genomes from two Typha species provide valuable genetic resources for studying the evolution of Typhaceae and will improve taxonomic classifications within the family.

BackgroundBrain has been shown to undergo progressive atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, more evidence is needed to elucidate how the brain structure changes during the progression to AD. Here, we observed differences in the cerebral structure among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and patients with AD.MethodsA total of 46 participants were selected and divided into AD, aMCI, and healthy control (HC) groups. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was performed on all participants. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) techniques were utilized to analyze sMRI data so as to identify significant differences among the specific brain regions of these three groups. Then, a correlation analysis was performed on the characteristics of the identified brain regions and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cognitive assessment scores.ResultsThe volume of the left precuneus region, which was identified by voxel-based morphometry, and the thickness of both sides of the inferior parietal, which was identified by surface-based morphometry, were shown to be less in AD/aMCI patients, compared to those of the HC. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant differences between the volume of the left precuneus region and the MMSE/MoCA scores, as well as between the thickness of the left and right sides of the inferior parietal region and the MMSE/MoCA scores.ConclusionThe sMRI characteristics of the identified brain regions were considered to be potential predictive diagnostic biomarkers for AD.Systematic review registrationIdentifier: ChiCTR2400092593.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite recent improvements in incidence and mortality rates, the prognosis of lung cancer remains dire.18F-FDG PET/CT plays a vital role in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of lung cancer. However, the high glucose metabolism in inflammatory lesions, driven by macrophage activation, aggregation, and the release of inflammatory factors, is a primary source of false-positive results in FDG PET/CT oncology. This significantly diminishes the specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in diagnosing and staging lung cancer.Here we show FoxO1 plays a role in glucose metabolism in macrophages.We found that metformin regulated FoxO1 expression in macrophages, regulated the expression of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis of macrophages, thus reducing inflammatory glucose metabolism and improving the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in lung cancer.We anticipate that our study could provide a credible approach to improve tumor diagnostic accuracy with PET/CT.

Salicylic acid (SA) is widely used in food storage, preservatives, additives, healthcare, and the pharmaceutical industry. However, various poisoning symptoms are frequently reported upon ingestion of a large amount of SA. Therefore, discovering new tools for sensing SA with fast, simple, and portable performance is imperative. Herein, five rhodamine-based fluorescent sensors were constructed, and investigated their SA detection profiles. Probe 1 was excellent selective with a rapid response, highly sensitive (LOD = 2.5 μM), good interference resistance, and unaided eye recognition. The spray experiment and paper-based test strips indicating that probe 1 enables to the on-site and quantitatively detect SA on actual food surfaces by using a smartphone identifying the RGB values. The sensing performance was validated in soil samples, water, and various agricultural food samples. Overall, the constructed SA sensor can function as a promising, convenient, and affordable tool for point-of-care detection of SA in diversiform environmental samples.

Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) not only generate electricity but also produce a substantial amount of waste heat. This study introduces a novel conceptual framework that integrates a PAFC, a gas turbine, and a waste heat recovery unit to provide combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) services for various applications. The system's operational versatility is achieved by manipulating valve openings, allowing for the regulation of waste heat utilization across six distinct operational modes. A thermodynamic model has been developed and validated to evaluate system performance under diverse design conditions and configurations.A comprehensive analysis examines the impact of key variables on system metrics, including efficiency, exergy, and economic performance. Additionally, the analysis assesses system exergy losses and economic viability, revealing that the PAFC module experiences the highest energy loss, followed by the ARS and ORC, while the DHW exhibits the lowest relative losses. Furthermore, the economic evaluation underscores the system's adaptability, suggesting that it is a potentially viable option for CCHP production.

Background To investigate the prognostic implications of histology among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using the data from a Chinese cohort and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods We included patients diagnosed with WHO II and III subtypes NPC from two independent cohorts (Xiamen [XM]-NPC cohort and SEER-NPC cohort).Results We identified 726 patients in the XM-NPC cohort and 1334 patients in the SEER cohort. In the XM-NPC cohort, 94 (12.9%) and 632 (87.1%) patients had WHO II and III subtypes, respectively. In the SEER-NPC cohort, 839 (62.9%) and 495 (37.1%) patients had WHO II and III subtypes, respectively. WHO II subtype patients had a higher smoking rate than the WHO III subtype (57.4% vs. 43.4%) in the XM-NPC cohort. There were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor stage, or nodal stage between the two subtypes in both cohorts. In the XM-NPC cohort, patients with the WHO II subtype had worse locoregional relapse-free survival (82.2% vs. 89.5%, p = 0.063), distant metastasis-free survival (72.4% vs. 85.9%, p = 0.028), disease-free survival (61.6% vs. 78.8%, p = 0.003), and overall survival (OS) (71.7% vs. 84.0%, p = 0.035) than those with WHO III subtype. In the SEER-NPC cohort, patients with the WHO II subtype had worse NPC-specific survival (81.1% vs. 89.4%, p

Study Region: Tongde Basin, a typical alpine basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Study focus: Research on the hydrochemical pattern and availability of groundwater is very limited in alpine regions, which greatly hinders the rational ulitilization and scientific management of groundwater resources. Multiple approaches integrating self-organizing map, K-means, entropy weight were employed to elucidate the distinct hydrochemical evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins with dense human activities. New hydrological insights for the region: Multiple hydrochemical evolution patterns were discovered for groundwater in present alpine basin on northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Groundwater presents a gradual hydrochemical evolution from the piedmont to the riverside under the natural regulation with the increasing of TDS and major ions along the flow path. While, groundwater at some sporadic sites is featured with relatively high total alkalinity due to carbonate mineral dissolution. The riverine groundwaters are regulated by the strong hydrodynamic condition of river and demonstrate fresher hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwaters in the irrigation areas are featured by elevated nitrate levels with a maximum of 42.86 mg/L, attributed to agricultural pollution inputs. A conceptual model was established to illustrate the distinct hydrochemical fingerprints, evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins that with dense human activities. This research can enhance the understanding of groundwater chemical status, genesis and availability, and is beneficial for the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater resources in ecologically fragile alpine regions worldwide.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and decompensated cirrhosis (DC) are life-threatening syndromes that can develop at the end-stage of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Both ACLF and DC are complicated by hepatic and extrahepatic pathogeneses. To better understand the compartment-specific metabolic modulations related to their pathogenesis, HBV-DC, HBV-ACLF patients, and controls (30 each) were analyzed by metabolomics using portal (Port), hepatic vein (Hep), and peripheral (Peri) serum. Compartment ratios of metabolites (RatioHep/Port, RatioPeri/Hep, and RatioPort/Peri) were calculated. The liver tissues (10 per group) were analyzed using transcriptomics and metabolomics. An additional 75 patients with ACLF, 20 with DC, and 20 with liver cirrhosis (LC) were used to confirm oxlipid dysregulation. Both multi-omics datasets suggest suppressed energy, amino acid, and pyrimidine metabolism in the ACLF/DC liver. The serum metabolomic variations were contributed primarily by disease rather than sampling compartments, as both HBV-ACLF and HBV-DC patients demonstrated abnormal profiles of amino acids and peptides, indoles, purines, steroids, and benzimidazoles. In ACLF/DC patients, impaired hepatic metabolism resulted in a highly correlated hepatic and portal vein serum metabolome and release of inflammatory lipids and heme metabolites from the liver. HBV-ACLF showed higher RatioPeri/Hep of extrahepatic inflammatory oxlipids, while HBV-DC patients showed higher RatioPort/Peri of gut microbial metabolites. An inflammatory oxlipid outburst was confirmed in the early stages of HBV-ACLF. The inflammatory effects of the selected oxlipids were confirmed in monocytes. These findings support a synergy between liver-specific mechanisms and systemic inflammation in ACLF/DC development, and that pro-inflammatory oxlipids are metabolic signatures of early HBV-ACLF.

Inflammation responses have identified as a key mediator of in various liver diseases with high morbidity and mortality. cGAS-STING signalling is essential in innate immunity since it triggers release of type I interferons and various of proinflammatory cytokines. The potential connection between cGAS-STING pathway and liver inflammatory diseases has recently been reported widely. In our review, the impact of cGAS-STING on liver inflammation and regulatory mechanism are summarized. Furthermore, many inhibitors of cGAS-STING signalling as promising agents to cure liver inflammation are also explored in detail. A comprehensive knowledge of molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING signalling in liver inflammation is vital for exploring novel treatments and providing recommendations and perspectives for future utilization.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is extensively used as an antitumor agent, but its severe cardiotoxicity significantly limits its clinical use. Current treatments for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity are inadequate, necessitating alternative solutions. This study evaluated the effects of sarmentosin, a compound from Sedum sarmentosum, on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and dysfunction. Sarmentosin was administered as a pretreatment to both mice and H9c2 cells before Dox exposure. Subsequently, markers of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and ferroptosis in serum and cell supernatants were measured. Western blot analysis was utilized to detect levels of ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy proteins. Additionally, echocardiography, hematoxylin–eosin staining, ROS detection, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to support our findings. Results demonstrated that sarmentosin significantly inhibited iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress, thereby reducing Dox-induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice and H9c2 cells. The mechanism involved the activation of autophagy and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that sarmentosin may prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by mitigating ferroptosis. The study underscores the potential of compounds like sarmentosin in treating Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Rock asphalt (RA) has gradually been recognized as a green and efficient asphalt modifier. However, the weakness of low-temperature performance and fatigue resistance for RA modified asphalt limited its application and popularization in asphalt pavement. To overcome the above shortcomings, this study aimed to synergistically apply devulcanized rubber powder (DRP) with American rock asphalt (ARA) for asphalt modification. Multiple experiments such as dynamic shear rheology (DSR) and bending beam rheology (BBR) were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties and road performance of composite modified asphalt (CMA). Cigar tube test (CTT) was applied to assess storage stability of CMA. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and microscopic test (MT) were used to investigate the modification mechanisms. The results showed that CMA modified by DRP and ARA exhibited comparable storage stability, low-temperature performance and rutting resistance as SBS modified asphalt. ARA tended to cause aging problems of asphalt, but the addition of DRP effectively improved the aging resistance performance of modified binder blends, especially long-term aging resistance. The mixing of DRP, ARA and base asphalt is a physical process without chemical reactions. Even though the ash in ARA slightly lowered its storage stability, it significantly improved dispersion and homogenous interface of DRP in asphalt.

Reduced riverine sediment supply and sea-level rise (SLR) threaten land building and ecosystem in deltas. However, the sediment-morphodynamic processes in a channel-shoal complex are not well understood. Here, based on bathymetry and the Delft3D model, geomorphic changes and suspended sediment budgets in the South Passage, Nanhui and Jiuduansha Shoal in the mega-Changjiang Delta were examined. Results reveal that with riverine suspended sediment concentration (SSC) decreased by 75%, the net sediment deposition rate was reduced from 4.20 cm/yr in 1979–1990 to 3.21 cm/yr in 1990–2003, and further declined to 2.21 cm/yr in 2003–2013 and 0.40 cm/yr in 2013–2020. Severe erosion occurred along the upper South Passage and extended toward the mouth bar. Strong accretions accumulated in the Nanhui and Jiuduansha Shoal. After river SSC declined from 0.53 kg/m3 to 0.35 kg/m3, 0.16 kg/m3, and 0.12 kg/m3, net suspended sediment deposition was lowered by 3.13%, 7.35% and 8.67%, respectively. Moreover, SLR of 5 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm, and 50 cm resulted in a further 1.11%, 4.18%, 4.16%, and 14.79% reduction in sediment trapping efficiency. Our findings highlight the strong likelihood that reduced river sediment input, SLRs and intensified anthropogenic effects will exacerbate sediment deficit and erosion in mega fluvial-tidal deltas.

Optimising the cell type and configuration is a key approach for overcoming stress concentration and irreversible deformation in lightweight lattice structures with high strength. In this work, the topology optimisation method was utilised to design force-direction-sensitive structures, including face-centre loaded (FCL), central-edge loaded (CEL), and hybrid-loaded (HL) structures, which were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) using Nitinol (NiTi) shape memory alloy. Results indicated that the HL lattice exhibited the highest initial peak force of 7.6 kN with higher specific compressive strength (41.74 MPa·cm3/g) and specific energy absorption (6.82 J/g), which was benefit from the layer-by-layer deformation mechanism. Furthermore, the HL lattice also exhibited the best damping properties and energy absorption capacity, while achieving a high shape recovery ratio of 85%. This work offers insights into a design strategy for functional structures with high strength and large deformation recovery capacity.

Macroscopic deformation and microscopic pores are the main defects affecting the comprehensive performance of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parts. The LPBF process involves highly coupled multiple physical mechanisms over a wide time scale, making it difficult to obtain strongly correlated defect characteristics and achieve online monitoring. Thus, this study proposes an acoustic-based macro–micro defect synchronous monitoring technology. It enables monitoring by analysing process information progressively from intra-layer to inter-layer. The research identifies that high energy density leads to deformation defects, with helical scan strategy energy fluctuations exacerbating deformation. A correlation between keyhole pores and high-frequency signal components allows quantitative pore analysis directly from acoustic signals. Furthermore, an intelligent diagnosis model (gn-Res_SC) is proposed, incorporating high-order information interaction and residual structure for in-depth process analysis. The model demonstrates superior performance with accuracy (90.70%), recall (90.70%) and F1-score (90.40%) in LPBF acoustic monitoring signal evaluation.

ABSTRACTThe cuttlebone is known for its ability to possess high specific stiffness, progressive failure and lightweight from the porous chambered structure. Inspired by the microstructural characteristics of cuttlebone and incorporating the wall gradient design, a series of double-asymmetric honeycombs were designed and processed by LPBF. Results indicated that bionic structural units with the junction design can maintain the integrity of the residual parts after local buckling and failure, improving the load-bearing capacity. The double-asymmetric honeycomb with gradation parameter α = 2/3 achieved a maximum specific compressive strength of 70.64 MPa cm3/g. As α decreases, there is an increase in specific energy absorption and a narrowing of the hysteresis loop. The as-build honeycomb had undergone stress-induced martensite transformation during compression. The dissipated mechanical energy (ME) decreased with the increasing cycle number and the decreasing α. The results provide design guidelines and process strategies for developing high-performance honeycombs.

Objective To analyze the current treatment status and prognostic regression of the chronic NK cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD-NK).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 18 patients with CLPD-NK who were treated at our Hospital between September 2016 and September 2022.Results Eighteen patients were included: three patients were treated with chemotherapy, five patients underwent immune-related therapy, one patient was treated with glucocorticoids alone, five patients were administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood transfusion therapy, or anti-infection therapy, followed by observation and follow-up, and four patients were observed without treatment. Fifteen patients survived, including two patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and seven patients who achieved partial remission (PR), of whom one patient progressed to Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL) and sustained remission after multiple lines of treatment; three patients were not reviewed, of which one patient was still in active disease, three patients developed hemophagocytic syndrome during treatment and eventually died, one of them had positive Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) expression. The 5-years overall survival rate was 83%.Conclusion Most patients with CLPD-NK have inert progression and a good prognosis, whereas some patients have a poor prognosis after progressing to ANKL and combined with hemophagocytic syndrome. Abnormal NK cells invading the center suggest a high possibility of ANKL development, and immunosuppressants and hormones are effective treatments for this disease.

ABSTRACTLand surface emissivity (LSE) represents an essential parameter for understanding land change and surface energy balance. While numerous algorithms have been proposed to retrieve LSE, they are seldom applied to remote sensing data with high spatial resolution. The SDGSAT-1 satellite provides an opportunity to retrieve LSE with high spatial resolution that can be regarded as references for validating LSE products generated from coarse-spatial-resolution satellite data. However, no study has yet explored LSE-retrieval based on SDGSAT-1. This research seeks to fill this gap through evaluating the radiometric calibration accuracy of SDGSAT-1, using five methods to retrieve pixel-level emissivity of Guangzhou, and comparing such results with emissivity generated from other satellites (e.g. Landsat 8, ECOSTRESS, and MODIS) that transited Guangzhou during the similar period. Our results indicated that SDGSAT-1 performed well in radiometric calibration. Heterogeneous vegetation and man-made surfaces registered significant emissivity differences in varying spatial resolutions, whereas relatively homogeneous water bodies registered smaller differences. Decreasing spatial resolution amplifies the emissivity differences of the same land cover among distinctive sensors. The five emissivity-retrieval methods performed exceptionally well based on SDGSAT-1, registering average absolute differences less than 0.026 as compared with Landsat 8; with decreasing spatial resolutions, the maximum difference between SDGSAT-1 and MODIS LSE product reached 0.124.

Vaccination strategies that can induce a broad spectrum immune response are important to enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conducted a randomized, double-blind and parallel controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent (5×1010viral particles) and B.1.1.529 variant (5×1010viral particles) adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccines administrated via inhalation. 451 eligible subjects aged 18 years and older who had been vaccinated with three doses inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were randomly assigned to inhale one dose of either B.1.1.529 variant Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, N=150), bivalent Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, N=151), or Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (5×1010viral particles; Ad5-nCoV-IH group, N=150). Adverse reactions reported by 37 (24.67%) participants in the Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, 28 (18.54%) in the Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, and 26 (17.33%) in the Ad5-nCoV-IH group with mainly mild to moderate dry mouth, oropharyngeal pain, headache, myalgia, cough, fever and fatigue. No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were reported. Investigational vaccines were immunogenic, with significant difference in the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 between Ad5-nCoV/O-IH (43.70) and Ad5-nCoV-IH (29.25) at 28 days after vaccination (P=0.0238). The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies against BA.1 in Ad5-nCoVO-IH, Ad5-nCoV/O-IH, and Ad5-nCoV-IH groups were 56.00%, 59.60% and 48.67% with no significant difference among the groups. Overall, the investigational vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated in adults, and was highly effective in inducing mucosal immunities in addition to humoral and cellular immune responses defending against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Trial registration: Chictr.org identifier: ChiCTR2200063996.