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This paper presents a systematic and practical method for determining cutting-condition-independent coefficients in ball-end milling. An approach for estimating the runout offset and its location angle is also described based on a single cutting force measurement. An in-depth analysis of the characteristics of these cutting coefficients, which can be determined from only a few test cuts, is provided. The size effect is also modelled, including the characteristics of the ball-end mill geometry, and incorporated into the cutting force model. This method of estimating the 3D ball-end milling force coefficients was tested experimentally for various cutting conditions and gave excellent cutting force predictions. Also, the estimated values of the runout offset agreed well with the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPS mode is going to lead the large TFT LCD technology for application among other liquid crystal (LC) mode. TFT-LCD TV has begun to rapidly occupy a large portion of the TV display market due to features including thinness, light weight, compactness. Aside from specification of features, the most emphasized aspect has been the contrast ratio for better image quality. To increase contrast ratio, Back Light (B/L) optical configuration, color filter material, sub-pixel structure, rubbing condition optimization, and all that cell characteristics have been investigated. As the results from experimental, applications of a newly developed color resin, new light collimation optical sheet, and surface morphology of finger electrode were the most effective for achieving high contrast ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]