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The authors examine the influence of olfactory sensitivity on the effectiveness of olfactory imagery in advertising. Findings reveal that the use of olfactory imagery can negatively impact ratings ...

Purpose This paper aims to review past papers focused on understanding consumer-related topics in marketing and related interdisciplinary fields to demonstrate the applications of electroencephalogram (EEG) in consumer neuroscience. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the review of papers using EEG to study consumer cognitive processes, the authors also discuss relevant decisions and considerations in conducting event-related potential (ERP) studies. Further, a framework proposed by Plassmann et al. (2015) was used to discuss the applications of EEG in marketing research from papers reviewed. Findings This paper successfully used Plassmann et al.’s (2015) framework to discuss five applications of neuroscience to marketing research. A review of growing EEG studies in the field of marketing and other interdisciplinary fields reveals the advantages and potential of using EEG in combination with other methods. This calls for more research using such methods. Research limitations/implications A technical overview of ERP-related terminology provides researchers with a background for understanding and reviewing ERP studies. A discussion of method-related considerations and decisions provides marketing researchers with an introduction to the method and refers readers to relevant literature. Practical implications The marketing industry has been quick to adopt cutting edge technology, including EEG, to understand and predict consumer behavior for the purpose of improving marketing practices. This paper connects the academic and practitioner spheres by presenting past and potential EEG research that can be translatable to the marketing industry. Originality/value The authors review past literature on the use of EEG to study consumer-related topics in marketing and interdisciplinary fields, to demonstrate its advantages over-traditional methods in studying consumer-relevant behaviors. To foster increasing use of EEG in consumer neuroscience research, the authors further provide technical and marketing-specific considerations for both academic and market researchers. This paper is one of the first to review past EEG papers and provide methodological background insights for marketing researchers.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the mediating role of emotions in processing scent information in consumer research, using event-related potential (ERP)-based neuroscience methods, while considering individual differences in sense of smell. Design/methodology/approach Prior research on olfaction and emotions in marketing has revealed mixed findings on the relationship between olfaction and emotion. The authors review earlier studies and present a neuroscience experiment demonstrating the benefits of ERP methods in studying the automatic processing of emotions. Findings Results demonstrate how emotional processes occurring within 1s of stimulus exposure differ across individuals with varying olfactory abilities. Findings reveal an automatic suppression mechanism for individuals sensitive to smell. Research limitations/implications Scent-induced emotions demonstrated through the use of ERP-based methods provide insights for understanding automatic emotional processes and reactions to ambient scents by consumers in the marketplace. Practical implications Findings show an automatic suppression of emotions triggered by scent in individuals sensitive to smell. Marketers and retailers should consider such reactions when evaluating the use of olfactory stimuli in promotional and retail strategies. Originality/value The authors review past literature and provide an explanation for the disparate findings in the olfaction–emotion linkage, by studying individual differences in response to scent in the marketplace. This is one of the first papers in marketing to introduce the application of ERP in studying consumer-relevant behavior and provide technical and marketing-specific considerations for both academic and market researchers.

Recent research suggests that children are spending a significant amount of time on the Internet which increases their exposure to subtle, engaging, and interactive ads. As a result, policy makers have developed regulations intended to empower parents to manage their children's exposure to Internet advertising. However, prior research has not examined parental perceptions of these regulations. This article aims to identify (1) parents' regulatory preferences regarding children's exposure to Internet advertising and (2) whether (and how) parents' locus of control (LOC) drives their regulation preferences. Findings reveal that internal‐LOC parents prefer parental responsibility while external‐LOC parents prefer government regulations, parental responsibility, and involvement of independent organizations and firms. External‐LOC parents' preference is mediated by their concerns about Internet advertising and their tendency to have faith in regulation. Policy makers can use the findings to develop guidelines that better assist parents in influencing their children's Internet use.

Objectives: Approximately 40,000 women die from breast cancer each year in the United States, highlighting the importance of identifying high-risk women prior to breast cancer development. Risk models exist, including the Tyrer-Cusick (TC) model but have not been widely implemented due to the time required to perform the risk assessment and interpret results. We aim to report our experience with a web-based application (WBA) to complete the TC model for women prior to a scheduled gynecologic oncology clinic visit. Methods: All patients scheduled for a gynecologic oncology new patient appointment between 9/2020-9/2021 were offered enrollment in an institutional review board-approved prospective trial. Patients were randomized to standard of care gynecologic oncology visit versus utilization of a WBA completed either at home or in the office prior to the appointment (randomized 1:1:1). The WBA collects personal and family health history and utilizes this information to generate a TC score. As part of the trial protocol, all women with a TC score reflecting a lifetime risk of breast cancer ≥ 20% were referred to the institution's high risk breast clinic which provides counseling on genetic testing, breast screening and breast cancer prevention. The WBA also generated additional information on personal and family cancer, the results of which are reported separately. Results: Sixty-six patients were randomized to utilization of the WBA which included completion of the TC model. Median patient age was 60 (range 22-88). Twenty-six patients (39.4%) did not complete the model for the following reasons: 13 (50%) were not able to access the application, 11 (42.3%) did not answer all required questions and 4 (15.4%) were ineligible due to prior breast cancer. Forty patients (60.6%) successfully completed the TC model and among those patients, 6 (15%) had a significantly elevated lifetime breast cancer risk score (defined as ≥ 20%), all of whom were referred to a high risk breast clinic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has pressed the healthcare system to better utilize technology to provide safe and equitable medical care. A WBA for collection of personal and family health history and generation of cancer risk models completed prior to the physician appointment is an exciting application of such technology. When piloted in a gynecologic oncology practice, 60.6% of patients were able to complete the risk model and 15% of these patients were found to have a significantly elevated breast cancer risk warranting follow-up care.

Introduction This study's objective was to evaluate quantitative electromyography (QEMG) using multiple-motor-unit (multi-MUP) analysis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods Ambulatory DMD boys, aged 5–15 years, were evaluated with QEMG at 6-month intervals over 14 months. EMG was performed in the right biceps brachii (BB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Normative QEMG data were obtained from age-matched healthy boys. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed. Results Eighteen DMD subjects were enrolled, with a median age of 7 (interquartile range 7–10) years. Six-month evaluations were performed on 14 subjects. QEMG showed significantly abnormal mean MUP duration in BB and TA muscles, with no significant change over 6 months. Conclusions QEMG is a sensitive electrophysiological marker of myopathy in DMD. Preliminary data do not reflect a significant change in MUP parameters over a 6-month interval; long-term follow-up QEMG studies are needed to understand its role as a biomarker for disease progression. Muscle Nerve, 2017

The 10th Global CRO Council (GCC) Closed Forum was held in Orlando, FL, USA on 18 April 2016. In attendance were decision makers from international CRO member companies offering bioanalytical services. The objective of this meeting was for GCC members to meet and discuss scientific and regulatory issues specific to bioanalysis. The issues discussed at this closed forum included reporting data from failed method validation runs, GCP for clinical sample bioanalysis, extracted sample stability, biomarker assay validation, processed batch acceptance criteria, electronic laboratory notebooks and data integrity, Health Canada's Notice regarding replicates in matrix stability evaluations, critical reagents and regulatory approaches to counteract fraud. In order to obtain the pharma perspectives on some of these topics, the first joint CRO–Pharma Scientific Interchange Meeting was held on 12 November 2016, in Denver, Colorado, USA. The five topics discussed at this Interchange meeting were reporting data from failed method validation runs, GCP for clinical sample bioanalysis, extracted sample stability, processed batch acceptance criteria and electronic laboratory notebooks and data integrity. The conclusions from the discussions of these topics at both meetings are included in this report.

Drug shortages create significant challenges for patients and health care providers. Pharmacists play important roles in managing medication therapy during drug shortages. The management of drug shortages by the community pharmacist is an expanding role. Adverse drug reactions and delayed treatments are highlighted in the literature as some of the consequences of outpatient drug shortages; it is likely these harms are underreported. This commentary reviews examples and opportunities for the management of outpatient drug shortages.

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of pravastatin in human plasma. Pravastatin-D3 was used as an internal standard. The analyte was extracted from human plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction technique. Due to the presence of isobaric metabolites, 3α-iso-pravastatin and 6-epi-pravastatin, chromatographic conditions were optimized, with a C18 column by using a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile/methanol (43:57, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r2 ≥ 0.9900) over the concentration range of 0.500-500 ng/mL. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method was suitable for supporting clinical studies.

The 13th GCC Closed Forum for Bioanalysis was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA on April 5th, 2019. This GCC meeting was organized to discuss the contents of the 2019 ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline published in February 2019 and consolidate the feedback of the GCC members. In attendance were 63 senior-level participants from eight countries representing 44 bioanalytical CRO companies/sites. This event represented a unique opportunity for CRO bioanalytical experts to share their opinions and concerns regarding the ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline and to build unified comments to be provided to the ICH.

The 12th GCC Closed Forum was held in Philadelphia, PA, USA, on 9 April 2018. Representatives from international bioanalytical Contract Research Organizations were in attendance in order to discuss scientific and regulatory issues specific to bioanalysis. The issues discussed at the meeting included: critical reagents; oligonucleotides; certificates of analysis; method transfer; high resolution mass spectrometry; flow cytometry; recent regulatory findings and case studies involving stability and nonclinical immunogenicity. Conclusions and consensus from discussions of these topics are included in this article.

Over the last decade, the use of biomarker data has become integral to drug development. Biomarkers are not only utilized for internal decision-making by sponsors; they are increasingly utilized to make critical decisions for drug safety and efficacy. As the regulatory agencies are routinely making decisions based on biomarker data, there has been significant scrutiny on the validation of biomarker methods. Contract research organizations regularly use commercially available immunoassay kits to validate biomarker methods. However, adaptation of such kits in a regulated environment presents significant challenges and was one of the key topics discussed during the 12th Global Contract Research Organization Council for Bioanalysis (GCC) meeting. This White Paper reports the GCC members’ opinion on the challenges facing the industry and the GCC recommendations on the classification of commercial kits that can be a win-win for commercial kit vendors and end users.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and risk factors of a novel parenchymal lung disease (LD), increasingly detected in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).MethodsIn a multicentre retrospective study, 61 cases were investigated using physician-reported clinical information and centralised analyses of radiological, pathological and genetic data.ResultsLD was associated with distinctive features, including acute erythematous clubbing and a high frequency of anaphylactic reactions to the interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab. Serum ferritin elevation and/or significant lymphopaenia preceded LD detection. The most prevalent chest CT pattern was septal thickening, involving the periphery of multiple lobes ± ground-glass opacities. The predominant pathology (23 of 36) was pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and/or endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PAP/ELP), with atypical features including regional involvement and concomitant vascular changes. Apparent severe delayed drug hypersensitivity occurred in some cases. The 5-year survival was 42%. Whole exome sequencing (20 of 61) did not identify a novel monogenic defect or likely causal PAP-related or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-related mutations. Trisomy 21 and young sJIA onset increased LD risk. Exposure to IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors (46 of 61) was associated with multiple LD features. By several indicators, severity of sJIA was comparable in drug-exposed subjects and published sJIA cohorts. MAS at sJIA onset was increased in the drug-exposed, but was not associated with LD features.ConclusionsA rare, life-threatening lung disease in sJIA is defined by a constellation of unusual clinical characteristics. The pathology, a PAP/ELP variant, suggests macrophage dysfunction. Inhibitor exposure may promote LD, independent of sJIA severity, in a small subset of treated patients. Treatment/prevention strategies are needed.

Shanghai, long known as mainland China’s most cosmopolitan metropolis, has recently re-emerged as a global capital. Above sea: Contemporary art, urban culture, and the fashioning of global Shanghai offers the first in-depth examination of turn of the twenty-first century Shanghai-based art and design – from state-sponsored exhibitions to fashionable cultural complexes to cutting edge films and installations. This book offers a counter-touristic view of one of the world’s fastest developing megacities that penetrates the contradictions and buried layers of specific locales and artifacts of visual culture. Informed by years of in-situ research including interviews with artists and designers, the book looks beyond contemporary art’s global hype to reveal persistent socio-political tensions accompanying Shanghai’s explosive transitions from semi-colonial capitalism to Maoist socialism to Communist Party-sponsored capitalism. Analyses of exemplary design projects such as Xintiandi and Shanghai Tang, and artworks by Liu Jianhua, Yang Fudong, Gu Wenda and more reveal how Shanghai’s global aesthetics construct glamorizing artifices that mask historically-rooted cross-cultural conflicts between vying notions of foreign-influenced modernity versus anti-colonialist nationalism, and the city’s repressed socialist past versus consumerist present. The book focuses on Shanghai-based art and design from the 1990s-2000s, the decades of the city’s most rapid post-socialist development, while also attending to pivotal Republican and Mao Era examples. Challenging the “East-meets-West” clichés that characterize discussions of urban Shanghai and contemporary Chinese art, this book illuminates critical issues facing today’s artists, architects, and designers, and provides an essential field guide for students of art, design, art history, urban studies, and Chinese culture.

Chapter Two considers how Shanghai Tang, a Hong Kong-founded fashion brand, exploits Shanghai’s imagined cosmopolitan legacy towards the building of a multinational luxury brand. The author considers the rising political tensions between Hong Kong and Shanghai, as Hong Kong was handed over from British to mainland Chinese rule in 1997. The chapter discusses a 1997 Shanghai Tang advertisement featuring Chinese actress Gong Li, addressing how the image signals the return of class-based society, while sanitizing mainland China’s immediate socialist past. This chapter also examines the powerful influence of Shanghai Tang’s founder, art collector Sir David Tang, on the international dissemination of contemporary Chinese art, exploring key Shanghainese painters promoted by Tang, including Yu Youhan, Wang Ziwei and Ding Yi. Referencing these artists’ connections to Shanghai Tang, and also the French fashion brand, Christian Dior, the chapter theorizes the rise of a contemporary Chinese art/fashion system. The final section focuses on Shanghai-based sculptor Liu Jianhua, who has been supported by both Tang and Christian Dior, and the artist’s subversion of mainland China’s presumed role as “the factory of the world” through his ceramic-based practice.

Chapter One examines pastiche in the shopping mall and cultural heritage site Xintiandi, before discussing the site’s buried modern art histories marred by cross-cultural conflicts. Xintiandi physically surrounds China’s first communist meeting site of 1921, today memorialized as a museum. The complex was designed with reference to the vernacular homes of its formerly foreign occupied French Concession setting, and is officially celebrated for its “East-meets-West” and “Old-meets-New” architecture, even while the construction demolished most of the site’s existing homes and dislocated thousands of working class residents. This chapter analyzes how Xintiandi’s seemingly benign East-meets-West façades mask collusions between the Chinese Communist Party’s autocratic state power and capitalist development, while romanticizing Shanghai’s modern cosmopolitan legacy. The chapter analyzes examples of Xintiandi’s repressed cultural histories, including the revolutionary art and design experiments of Pang Xunqin, founder of the 1930s avant-garde collective, The Storm Society, leftist writings and art promoted by Lu Xun, and the major Cultural Revolution Era debate sparked by Michelangelo Antonioni’s 1972 documentary, Chung Kuo Cina. The chapter argues that the official admonishment of Shanghai-based cultural projects by Pang and Antonioni speak to collisions between Shanghai’s semi-colonial past, Maoist socialism, and Cultural Revolution Era totalitarianism that still resonate in Shanghai today.

Objective To study the electrodiagnostic abnormalities in tick paralysis. Methods A 7-year-old girl with acute onset proximal muscle weakness and an engorged dog tick attached to her scalp was evaluated. Results The routine motor nerve conduction study showed normal compound muscle action potential amplitude. The stimulated jitter analysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle showed normal jitter with no blocking. The quantitative electromyography of the proximal muscles showed decreased mean duration of the motor unit potentials. Conclusion We propose toxin-mediated direct skeletal muscle involvement as one of the reasons for muscle weakness in tick paralysis.

OBJECT Despite recent advances, metastatic melanoma remains a terminal disease, in which life-threatening brain metastasis occurs in approximately half of patients. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro. However, systemic administration has been ineffective because adequate tissue concentrations cannot be achieved. This study investigated if convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of sorafenib would enhance tumor control and survival via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway in a murine model of metastatic brain melanoma. METHODS Melanoma cells treated with sorafenib in vitro were examined for signaling and survival changes. The effect of sorafenib given by CED was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and animal survival. RESULTS The results showed that sorafenib induced cell death in the 4 established melanoma cell lines and in 1 primary cultured melanoma cell line. Sorafenib inhibited Stat3 phosphorylation in HTB65, WYC1, and B16 cells. Accordingly, sorafenib treatment also decreased expression of Mcl-1 mRNA in melanoma cell lines. Because sorafenib targets multiple pathways, the present study demonstrated the contribution of the Stat3 pathway by showing that mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) Stat3 +/+ cells were significantly more sensitive to sorafenib than MEF Stat3 −/− cells. In the murine model of melanoma brain metastasis used in this study, CED of sorafenib increased survival by 150% in the treatment group compared with animals receiving the vehicle control (p < 0.01). CED of sorafenib also significantly abrogated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study indicate that local delivery of sorafenib effectively controls brain melanoma. These findings validate further investigation of the use of CED to distribute molecularly targeted agents.

The 9th GCCClosed Forum was held just prior to the 2015 Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) in Miami, FL, USA on 13 April 2015. In attendance were 58 senior-level participants, from eight countries, representing 38 CRO companies offering bioanalytical services. The objective of this meeting was for CRO bioanalytical representatives to meet and discuss scientific and regulatory issues specific to bioanalysis. The issues selected at this year's closed forum include CAPA, biosimilars, preclinical method validation, endogenous biomarkers, whole blood stability, and ELNs. A summary of the industry's best practices and the conclusions from the discussion of these topics is included in this meeting report.

The importance of appropriate sample management in regulated bioanalysis is undeniable for clinical and non-clinical study support due to the fact that if the samples are compromised at any stage prior to analysis, the study results may be affected. Health authority regulations do not contain specific guidance on sample management; therefore, as part of the Global Bioanalysis Consortium (GBC), the A5 team was established to discuss sample management requirements and to put forward recommendations. The recommendations from the team concern the entire life span of the sample and include the following: 1. Sampling procedures should be described in the protocol or within the laboratory manual. This information should include the volume of the sample to be collected, the required anticoagulant, light sensitivity, collection and storage containers, and labeling with a unique identifier. 2. The correct procedures for processing and then storing the samples after collection at the clinical/non-clinical testing site and during shipment are also very important to ensure the analyte(s) stability and should be documented. 3. Chain of custody for the samples must be maintained throughout the complete life span of each sample. This is typically maintained via paper and electronic data systems, including Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) where available. 4. Pre- and post-analysis storage location and conditions must also be clearly defined at the analytical laboratory. The storage temperature of the samples must be traceable and controlled by monitoring and warning alerts. The team suggests moving away from using temperatures and to adopt standard terminology of "room temperature," "refrigerator," "freezer," and "ultra-freezer" that have defined and industry-wide accepted temperature ranges. 5. At the end of the study, documentation of the samples' disposal is required.

Objective Bony metastasis predominantly affects the spinal column and has been commonly associated in patients with breast cancer. There are two types of lesions that can occur with spine cancer—osteolytic or osteoblastic. Some patients may have mixed lesions, which include lytic and blastic in one vertebra or lytic and blastic in different vertebrae. Previous studies have shown that patients with breast cancer have an increased likelihood for development of lytic spinal metastases. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to more closely examine the association between hormone receptor status and spinal lesion type. A total of 195 patients were initially identified through the City of Hope Cancer Registry. Of the 195, only 153 patients had hormone receptor marker status available. Associations between spinal lesion and hormone receptor status were evaluated using χ 2 tests with alpha = 0.05 significance level. In a secondary analysis, the Oncomine Platform was used, which integrated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, to identify osteogenic genes that may be relevant to invasive breast cancers. Results Contrary to previous studies, our findings revealed progesterone receptor positive (PR+) patients were significantly more likely to present with blastic than lytic or mixed lesions. Furthermore, using TCGA analysis, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were found to be up-regulated, which could provide a molecular explanation for the development of blastic metastases. Conclusions By integrating clinical and bioinformatic techniques, this study provides a novel discovery of the relationship between blastic and PR + breast cancers, which may have important implications for diagnostic strategies concerning vertebral metastases.

Chapter Four considers worlding, or the city’s positioning as a cosmopolitan center on an international stage, as a philosophical construct and tangible phenomenon tied to the development and promotion of present-day Shanghai and contemporary Chinese art. The chapter presents three Shanghai-based installations by transnational art stars Gu Wenda, Xu Bing, and Cai Guoqiang. Disrupting the East-meets-West soundbites surrounding discussions of these works, this chapter interrogates the artists’ privileged subject positions, arguing that such artworks function as branding campaigns that world Shanghai. The chapter also discusses the loaded cultural geographies of these installations’ shared sites: the Bund, once the heart of Shanghai’s British and US-controlled International Settlement, and the Pudong Skyline, considered the shining jewel of China’s post-socialist economic rise. The chapter concludes by discussing a more critical recent project by Cai Guoqiang that acknowledged the migrant labor fuelling Shanghai’s urbanization in the face of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and a related urban intervention by artist Ai Weiwei.

Many contemporary Chinese artists have proposed and created projects in Shanghai that imagine – in both celebratory and critical ways – the city’s historically rooted “East-meets-West” mythology. This chapter analyzes key case studies by three of China’s most internationally known artists: Gu Wenda’s art proposal Heavenly Lantern Project for Shanghai (2003–ongoing), which utilizes cross-cultural content, aesthetic motifs, and conceptual tropes to celebrate East-meets-West Shanghai; Liu Jianhua’s photographic series The Virtual Scene (2005) and exhibition Export – Cargo Transit (2007), which question Shanghai’s urbanization and highlight the negative impacts of globalization and uneven East–West relations; and Yang Fudong’s photographic triptych The First Intellectual (2000) and film installation Seven Intellectuals in a Bamboo Forest (2003–2007), which critique Shanghai’s romanticized mythology and expose current conflicts facing the city’s artists and intellectuals. My analyses aim to disrupt common assumptions underlying recent discussions of urban Shanghai and contemporary Chinese art: that both city and category effortlessly transcend national borders and cultural divides, operating through harmonious East-meets-West encounters. I argue that Gu’s celebratory proposal and critical projects by Liu and Yang construct urban imaginaries that speak less to Shanghai’s East-meets-West status or the seamless integration of diverse cultures and fluid insertion of Chinese art into the Euro-American-dominated canon of contemporary art, and more to the mistranslations, social alienations, and merging of fine art and commodity culture that belie contemporary Chinese art and everyday life in Shanghai.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Periodic limb movements (PLMs) have been associated with increased risk of stroke, but there is currently scarce research exploring this relationship in the setting of sickle cell disease (SCD). The aim of this study was to explore whether increased PLMs in children with SCD are associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and to determine if there are any clinical or laboratory differences between children with SCD with elevated periodic limb movement index (PLMI) versus those with normal PLMI. METHODS: This study is a comprehensive review of medical records of 129 children with SCD (aged ≤ 18 years) who had undergone polysomnography for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing. RESULTS: Elevated PLMI (PLMI > 5 events/h) was present in 42% (54/129) of children with SCD. Children with elevated PLMI were found to have higher percentage of hemoglobin S, lower total iron, higher arousal index and tendency toward elevated transcranial Doppler velocity (P = .063, odds ratio = 3.9, 95% CI 0.93–16.22). While association between elevated PLMI and isolated cerebrovascular stenosis (P = .050, odds ratio 5.6, 95% CI 1.0–31.10) trended toward significance, there was significantly greater proportion of children with elevated PLMI who had cerebrovascular stenosis with Moyamoya disease (P = .046) as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of elevated PLMI in children with SCD was higher than in previously published data. Elevated PLMI was significantly associated with greater rates of cerebrovascular disease as detected by MRI. CITATION: Lin J, Morrone K, Manwani D, Chernin R, Silver EJ, Shifteh K, Sin S, Arens R, Graw-Panzer K. Association between periodic limb movements in sleep and cerebrovascular changes in children with sickle cell disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(7):1011–1019.

iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES 13 Literature review 13 Olfaction 13 Emotions 26 Research framework 31 Hypotheses 33 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 Overview of studies 40 Experiment 1: Odor-elicited emotions 41 Experiment 2: Emotions-elicited in odor-associated images and olfactory mental imagery .. 45 Experiment 3: The “contagion effects” of odors on judgment and decision making 48 Experiment 4: Are emotions enhanced by smell cues in ads? 54 Data analyses 57 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 59 Experiment 1: Odor-elicited emotions 60 Experiment 2: Emotions-elicited in odor-associated images and olfactory mental imagery .. 65 Experiment 3: The “contagion effects” of odors on judgment and decision making 68 Experiment 4: Are emotions enhanced by smell cues in ads? 84 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 99

The 11th Global CRO Council Closed Forum was held in Universal City, CA, USA on 3 April 2017. Representatives from international CRO members offering bioanalytical services were in attendance in order to discuss scientific and regulatory issues specific to bioanalysis. The second CRO–Pharma Scientific Interchange Meeting was held on 7 April 2017, which included Pharma representatives’ sharing perspectives on the topics discussed earlier in the week with the CRO members. The issues discussed at the meetings included cumulative stability evaluations, matrix stability evaluations, the 2016 US FDA Immunogenicity Guidance and recent and unexpected FDA Form 483s on immunogenicity assays, the bioanalytical laboratory's role in writing PK sample collection instructions, biosimilars, CRO perspectives on the use of chiral versus achiral methods, hybrid LBA/LCMS assays, applications of fit-for-purpose validation and, at the Global CRO Council Closed Forum only, the status and trend of current regulated bioanalytical practice in China under CFDA's new BMV policy. Conclusions from discussions of these topics at both meetings are included in this report.

This paper takes a multi-method approach, combining neuroscience methods and behavioral experiments to investigate emotions triggered by olfactory-related information and related consumer decision-making outcomes. In the online context, olfactory information is limited to visual forms of triggering olfactory sensations. The effectiveness of using sensory congruent brand names in online ads to trigger emotions, and the influence on attitudes toward the ad, brand and purchase intentions are examined. Moreover, individual differences in olfactory sensitivity were considered, revealing moderating effects on cognitive and emotional processes. Findings provide managerial and organizational implications for online advertising, branding decisions and market segmentation decisions.

We propose a systematic learning-based approach to the generation of massive quantities of synthetic 3D scenes and arbitrary numbers of photorealistic 2D images thereof, with associated ground truth information, for the purposes of training, benchmarking, and diagnosing learning-based computer vision and robotics algorithms. In particular, we devise a learning-based pipeline of algorithms capable of automatically generating and rendering a potentially infinite variety of indoor scenes by using a stochastic grammar, represented as an attributed Spatial And-Or Graph, in conjunction with state-of-the-art physics-based rendering. Our pipeline is capable of synthesizing scene layouts with high diversity, and it is configurable inasmuch as it enables the precise customization and control of important attributes of the generated scenes. It renders photorealistic RGB images of the generated scenes while automatically synthesizing detailed, per-pixel ground truth data, including visible surface depth and normal, object identity, and material information (detailed to object parts), as well as environments (e.g., illuminations and camera viewpoints). We demonstrate the value of our synthesized dataset, by improving performance in certain machine-learning-based scene understanding tasks--depth and surface normal prediction, semantic segmentation, reconstruction, etc.--and by providing benchmarks for and diagnostics of trained models by modifying object attributes and scene properties in a controllable manner., Comment: Accepted in IJCV 2018