122 results on '"Jenkins, Mark C."'
Search Results
102. Molecular comparison of the dense granule proteins GRA6 and GRA7 of Neosporahughesi and Neosporacaninum
- Author
-
Walsh, Catherine P., Vemulapalli, Ramesh, Sriranganathan, Nammalwar, Zajac, Anne M., Jenkins, Mark C., and Lindsay, David S.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. High Hydrostatic Pressure and UV Light Treatment of Produce Contaminated with Eimeria acervulinaas a Cyclospora cayetanensisSurrogate
- Author
-
Kniel, Kalmia E., Shearer, Adrienne E.H., Cascarino, Jennifer L., Wilkins, Gary C., and Jenkins, Mark C.
- Abstract
The prevalence, size, genome, and life cycle of Eimeria acervulinamake this organism a good surrogate for Cyclospora cayetanensis, a protozoan that causes gastroenteritis in humans, including recent outbreaks in the United States and Canada associated with contaminated raspberries and basil. Laboratory studies of C. cayetanensisare difficult because of the lack of readily available oocysts and of infection models and assays. UV radiation and high-hydrostatic-pressure processing (HPP) are both safe technologies with potential for use on fresh produce. Raspberries and basil were inoculated with sporulated E. acervulinaoocysts at high (106oocysts) and low (104oocysts) levels, and inoculated and control produce were treated with UV (up to 261 mW/cm2) or HPP (550 MPa at 40°C for 2 min). Oocysts recovered from produce were fed to 3-week-old broiler chickens, which were scored for weight gain, oocyst shedding, and lesions at 6 days postinoculation. Oocysts exhibited enhanced excystation on raspberries but not on basil. Birds fed oocysts from UV-treated raspberries had reduced infection rates, which varied with oocyst inoculum level and UV intensity. Birds fed oocysts from UV-treated raspberries (104oocysts) were asymptomatic but shed oocysts, and birds fed oocysts from UV-treated basil (104oocysts) were asymptomatic and did not shed oocysts. Birds fed oocysts from HPP-treated raspberries and basil were asymptomatic and did not shed oocysts. These results suggest that UV radiation and HPP may be used to reduce the risk for cyclosporiasis infection associated with produce. Both treatments yielded healthy animals; however, HPP was more effective, as indicated by results for produce with higher contamination levels.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. A Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Vaccine Encoding Eimeria acervulinaAntigen Offers Protection against E. acervulinaChallenge
- Author
-
Konjufca, Vjollca, Wanda, Soo-Young, Jenkins, Mark C., and Curtiss, Roy
- Abstract
ABSTRACTCoccidiosis is a ubiquitous disease caused by intestinal protozoan parasites belonging to several distinct species of the genus Eimeria. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is critically important for protection against Eimeria; thus, our approach utilizes the bacterial type III secretion system (TTSS) to deliver an antigen directly into the cell cytoplasm of the immunized host and into the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-processing pathway for induction of CMI and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in particular. To accomplish this goal, Eimeriagenes encoding the sporozoite antigen EASZ240 and the merozoite antigen EAMZ250 were fused to the Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium effector protein gene sptPin the parental pYA3653 vector, yielding pYA3657 and pYA3658, respectively. SptP protein is secreted by the TTSS of Salmonellaand translocated into the cytoplasm of immunized host cells. The host strain chromosomal copy of the sptPgene was deleted and replaced by a reporter gene, xylE. The newly constructed vectors pYA3657 and pYA3658 were introduced into host strain χ8879 (ΔphoP233ΔsptP1033::xylEΔ asdA16). This strain is an attenuated derivative of the highly virulent strain UK-1. When strain χ8879(pYA3653) as the vector control and strain χ8879 harboring pYA3657 or pYA3658 were used to orally immunize day-of-hatch chicks, colonization of the bursa, spleen, and liver was observed, with peak titers 6 to 9 days postimmunization. In vitro experiments show that the EASZ240 antigen is secreted into the culture supernatant via the TTSS and that it is delivered into the cytoplasm of Int-407 cells by the TTSS. In vivo experiments indicate that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are induced in chickens vaccinated with a recombinant attenuated Salmonellaserovar Typhimurium vaccine, which leads to significant protection against Eimeriachallenge.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Eimeria acervulina: Evaluation of the cellular and antibody responses to the recombinant coccidial antigens in B-congenic chickens
- Author
-
Lillehoj, Hyun S, primary, Jenkins, Mark C, additional, Bacon, L.D, additional, Fetterer, Raymond H, additional, and Briles, W.E, additional
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Eimeria acervulina: DNA cloning and characterization of recombinant sporozoite and merozoite antigens
- Author
-
Jenkins, Mark C., primary, Lillehoj, Hyun S., additional, and Dame, John B., additional
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. cDNA encoding an immunogenic region of a 22 kilodalton surface protein of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites
- Author
-
Jenkins, Mark C., primary, Danforth, Harry D., additional, Lillehoj, Hyun S., additional, and Fetterer, Raymond H., additional
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Identification of immunodominant surface antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites and merozoites
- Author
-
Jenkins, Mark C., primary and Dame, John B., additional
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. A cDNA encoding a merozoite surface protein of the protozoanEimeria acervulinacontains tandem-repeated sequences
- Author
-
Jenkins, Mark C., primary
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. A cDNA encoding a merozoite surface protein of the protozoan Eimeria acervulina contains tandem-repeated sequences.
- Author
-
Jenkins, Mark C.
- Published
- 1988
111. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Eimeria acervulina pathogenicity, immunogenicity and structural integrity
- Author
-
Shearer, Adrienne E.H., Wilkins, Gary C., Jenkins, Mark C., and Kniel, Kalmia E.
- Subjects
- *
PARASITES , *EIMERIA , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *CHICKENS - Abstract
Abstract: Eimeria acervulina is a protozoan parasite that can cause intestinal lesions and reduced weight gain in chickens. E. acervulina oocysts were treated by high hydrostatic pressure and evaluated for pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and structural integrity. Pressure treatment of E. acervulina oocysts at 550 MPa for 2 min at 4, 20 or 40 °C rendered the parasites nonpathogenic to chickens. Pressure treatment at 40 °C also prevented fecal shedding of oocysts. Upon challenge with non-pressurized E. acervulina oocysts, partial immunity was observed with a reduction in lesion severity in chickens that had been inoculated with pressure-treated oocysts. No changes to the fragility and permeability of the oocyst wall or excystation of sporocysts were observed as a result of pressure treatment. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no changes to the whole oocyst or sporocysts. Recovery and the morphology of excysted sporozoites were altered by pressure treatment. These results suggest that pressure affects sporozoite integrity. Industrial relevance: High-hydrostatic pressure processing has been shown to inactivate various microorganisms and is utilized commercially for enhanced food safety and quality. Some pathogenic microorganisms have been inactivated by HPP yet retain immunogenic properties suggesting potential application for vaccine development. Eimeria acervulina is a poultry pathogen for which new vaccines are sought. E. acervulina is also closely related to Cyclospora cayetanensis, a foodborne human pathogen. HPP was explored for effect on E. acervulina for potential vaccine development for chickens and for insight on HPP effects on parasites for enhanced safety of human foods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the cecum and ileum in broiler chickens.
- Author
-
Campos PM, Miska KB, Jenkins MC, Yan X, and Proszkowiec-Weglarz M
- Subjects
- Animals, Intestinal Mucosa microbiology, Intestinal Mucosa parasitology, Chickens microbiology, Chickens parasitology, Cecum microbiology, Cecum parasitology, Eimeria physiology, Ileum microbiology, Ileum parasitology, Coccidiosis veterinary, Coccidiosis parasitology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Poultry Diseases microbiology, Poultry Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by Eimeria parasites, is responsible for major losses in the poultry industry by impacting chicken health. The gut microbiota is associated with health factors, such as nutrient exchange and immune system modulation, requiring understanding on the effects of Eimeria infection on the gut microbiota. This study aimed to determine the effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the cecum (CeL and CeM) and ileum (IlL and IlM) at multiple time points (days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14) post-infection. E. acervulina infection decreased evenness in CeL microbiota at day 10, increased richness in CeM microbiota at day 3 before decreasing richness at day 14, and decreased richness in IlL microbiota from day 3 to 10. CeL, CeM, and IlL microbiota differed between infected and control birds based on beta diversity at varying time points. Infection reduced relative abundance of bacterial taxa and some predicted metabolic pathways known for short-chain fatty acid production in CeL, CeM, and IlL microbiota, but further understanding of metabolic function is required. Despite E. acervulina primarily targeting the duodenum, our findings demonstrate the infection can impact bacterial diversity and abundance in the cecal and ileal microbiota., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
113. A Study of Cross-Protection between Eimeria maxima Immunovariants.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, O'Brien CN, Parker CC, and Tucker MS
- Abstract
For reasons unknown, Eimeria maxima is unique among Eimeria species infecting chickens in the immunovariability it displays among isolates from different geographical areas. Eimeria maxima oocysts (named EmaxAPU3) were isolated late in grow-out (6 weeks) from litter in a commercial broiler operation that was using Eimeria vaccination as the coccidiosis control program. Cross-protection studies (n = 4) were conducted in immunologically naïve chickens between EmaxAPU3 and two E. maxima lab strains (EmaxAPU1, EmaxAPU2) by immunizing with one E. maxima strain and challenging with either the homologous or heterologous E. maxima . As measured by oocyst output, immunization with EmaxAPU1 protected against homologous challenge (EmaxAPU1) and against heterologous challenge with EmaxAPU3, but not against EmaxAPU2. Similarly, immunization with EmaxAPU3 protected against homologous challenge (EmaxAPU3) and against heterologous challenge with EmaxAPU1, but not against EmaxAPU2. Immunization of chickens with EmaxAPU2 elicited a protective response against homologous challenge (EmaxAPU2), but not against EmaxAPU1 nor EmaxAPU3. The most plausible explanation for the appearance of this immunovariant late in grow-out is that E. maxima APU3 escaped immunity directed to E. maxima antigenic types in the commercial vaccine.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Chromosomal scale assembly reveals localized structural variants in avian caecal coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella.
- Author
-
Srivastava SK, Parker C, O'Brien CN, Tucker MS, Thompson PC, Rosenthal BM, Dubey JP, Khan A, and Jenkins MC
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens parasitology, Eimeria tenella genetics, Parasites, Poultry Diseases, Eimeria genetics, Coccidiosis veterinary, Coccidiosis parasitology
- Abstract
Eimeria tenella is a major cause of caecal coccidiosis in commercial poultry chickens worldwide. Here, we report chromosomal scale assembly of Eimeria tenella strain APU2, a strain isolated from commercial broiler chickens in the U.S. We obtained 100× sequencing Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and more than 800× Coverage of Illumina Next-Seq. We created the assembly using the hybrid approach implemented in MaSuRCA, achieving a contiguous 51.34 Mb chromosomal-scale scaffolding enabling identification of structural variations. The AUGUSTUS pipeline predicted 8060 genes, and BUSCO deemed the genomes 99% complete; 6278 (78%) genes were annotated with Pfam domains, and 1395 genes were assigned GO-terms. Comparing E. tenella strains (APU2, US isolate and Houghton, UK isolate) derived Houghton strain of E. tenella revealed 62,905 high stringency differences, of which 45,322 are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (0.088%). The rate of transitions/transversions among the SNPs are 1.63 ts/tv. The strains possess conserved gene order but have profound sequence heterogeneity in a several chromosomal segments (chr 2, 11 and 15). Genic and intergenic variation in defined gene families was evaluated between the two strains to possibly identify sequences under selection. The average genic nucleotide diversity of 2.8 with average 2 kb gene length (0.145%) at genic level. We examined population structure using available E. tenella sequences in NCBI, revealing that the two E. tenella isolates from the U.S. (E. tenella APU2 and Wisconsin, "ERR296879") share a common maternal inheritance with the E. tenella Houghton. Our chromosomal level assembly promotes insight into Eimeria biology and evolution, hastening drug discovery and vaccine development., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. RNA-Seq of Phenotypically Distinct Eimeria maxima Strains Reveals Coordinated and Contrasting Maturation and Shared Sporogonic Biomarkers with Eimeria acervulina .
- Author
-
Tucker MS, O'Brien CN, Johnson AN, Dubey JP, Rosenthal BM, and Jenkins MC
- Abstract
Strains of Eimeria maxima , an enteric parasite of poultry, vary in virulence. Here, we performed microscopy and RNA sequencing on oocysts of strains APU-1 (which exhibits more virulence) and APU-2. Although each underwent parallel development, APU-1 initially approached maturation more slowly. Each strain sporulated by hour 36; their gene expression diverged somewhat thereafter. Candidate biomarkers of viability included 58 genes contributing at least 1000 Transcripts Per Million throughout sporulation, such as cation-transporting ATPases and zinc finger domain-containing proteins. Many genes resemble constitutively expressed genes also important to Eimeria acervulina. Throughout sporulation, the expression of only a few genes differed between strains; these included cyclophilin A, EF-1α, and surface antigens (SAGs). Mature and immature oocysts uniquely differentially express certain genes, such as an X-Pro dipeptidyl-peptidase domain-containing protein in immature oocysts and a profilin in mature oocysts. The immature oocysts of each strain expressed more phosphoserine aminotransferase and the mature oocysts expressed more SAGs and microneme proteins. These data illuminate processes influencing sporulation in Eimeria and related genera, such as Cyclospora , and identify biological processes which may differentiate them. Drivers of development and senescence may provide tools to assess the viability of oocysts, which would greatly benefit the poultry industry and food safety applications.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
116. Relationship between Eimeria oocyst infectivity for chickens and in vitro excystation of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella oocyst during long-term storage.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, O'Brien CN, Parker C, Tucker M, and Khan A
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens, Oocysts, Sporozoites, Eimeria, Poultry Diseases, Coccidiosis veterinary, Eimeria tenella
- Abstract
Vaccination of chickens against avian coccidiosis in chickens often involves storing Eimeria oocysts for months after oocyst propagation and sporulation. The purpose of this study was to determine how long E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella oocysts remained viable when stored at refrigeration (4°C) or egg room (20°C) temperatures. Separate tubes containing E. acervulina, E. maxima, or E. tenella oocysts were stored at these temperatures and a sample removed every 3 mo for inoculating chickens for evidence of a patent infection. Also, an aliquot of each Eimeria species at each time-temperature combination was subjected to in vitro excystation to quantify the relative number of released sporozoites to intact (nonexcysted) sporocysts. Eimeria tenella appeared to be most susceptible to storage in that no oocyst production was observed at 9 mo at either temperature. Although E. maxima oocysts were viable at 9 mo, no oocyst production was observed at 12 mo storage at these 2 temperatures. Quite unexpected was that E. acervulina was much more stable than E. tenella and E. maxima remaining viable up to and including 27 mo at 4°C and up to and including 12 mo at 20°C. No consistent correlation was observed between in vivo oocyst production and in vitro excystation arising from these 2 respective temperatures (E. acervulina r = 0.58, r = 0.54; E. maxima r = 0.90, r = 0.54; E. tenella r = 0.38, r = 0.90). These data indicate that attention must be paid to time and temperature of Eimeria oocyst storage, and that sporozoite excystation may not be a good indicator of oocyst viability, particularly at later timepoints in incubation., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Effects of codon optimization on expression in Escherichia coli of protein-coding DNA sequences from the protozoan Eimeria.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, Parker C, O'Brien C, Campos P, Tucker M, and Miska K
- Subjects
- Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Base Sequence, Codon genetics, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Eimeria genetics, Eimeria metabolism
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the levels of recombinant protein from three Eimeria genes before and after optimization of codons for expression in Escherichia coli. Protein coding sequences from Eimeria maxima (EmaxSO7, EmaxIMP1) and Eimeria acervulina (EAH00033530) were cloned with or without prior codon optimization and expressed as polyHis fusion proteins. All three outcomes: higher, lower, or no change in the yield of amount of recombinant protein were observed suggesting that codon optimization alone for expression in E. coli does not inevitably lead to higher expression levels. Analysis of codon usage for each gene sequence revealed that, similar to other organisms, Eimeria intersperses rare and frequently used codons in protein-coding sequences. However, no relationship was observed between the predicted protein structure and the location of major and minor codons, suggesting that codon selection in this apicomplexan parasite is influenced by factors other than regional secondary protein structure., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
118. Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for Eimeria acervulina 25 kDa protein associated with oocyst and sporocyst walls.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, Tucker M, Parker C, O'Brien C, and Miska K
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Complementary genetics, Oocysts genetics, Coccidiosis veterinary, Eimeria genetics, Poultry Diseases
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize a gene named EAH 00033530 identified by RNAseq analysis of sporulating Eimeria acervulina oocysts and its encoded protein. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed peak expression of EAH 00033530 mRNA early (3-6 h) in sporulation followed by downregulation at 12-24 h. The gene for EAH 00033530 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a 70 kDa polyHis fusion protein (rEAH 00033530). Antisera prepared against rEAH 00033530 protein identified in immunoblotting a native 25 kDa E. acervulina protein (Ea25) that was present in oocyst-sporocyst extracts after treatment with the reducing agent DTT. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-rEa25 localized the protein to both E. acervulina oocyst and sporocyst walls, but not to sporozoites. The protein may be produced during in vivo oocyst development because immunostaining of duodenal tissue from E. acervulina-infected chickens revealed oocyst wall expression. As observed by ELISA, rEa25 protein appears to elicit a humoral immune response in chickens infected with non-irradiated or radiation-attenuated E. acervulina oocysts., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. Correlation Between Clostridium perfringens Alpha- and NetB-Toxin and Chick Mortality in Commercial Broiler Farms During Different Anticoccidial Control Programs.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, Parker C, O'Brien C, and Ritter D
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins genetics, Clostridium Infections microbiology, Clostridium Infections mortality, Coccidiosis parasitology, Eimeria isolation & purification, Enterotoxins genetics, Oocysts isolation & purification, Poultry Diseases microbiology, Bacterial Toxins adverse effects, Calcium-Binding Proteins adverse effects, Chickens, Clostridium Infections veterinary, Clostridium perfringens physiology, Coccidiosis veterinary, Poultry Diseases mortality, Type C Phospholipases adverse effects
- Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a correlation existed between chick mortality and the presence of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and NetB-toxin genes (cpa and netB) in C. perfringens recovered from litter in commercial broiler houses. Because coccidiosis predisposes chickens to necrotic enteritis, the concentration of Eimeria oocysts in these samples was measured, and the numbers were used in similar correlation analyses. Litter samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 wk growout from six broiler farms (18 houses total) during an anticoccidial drug (ACD) control program and from nine broiler farms (23 houses total) during an Eimeria vaccine (VAC) control program. Of these, litter samples were collected from five farms during both ACD and VAC programs. The litter samples were processed for Eimeria oocyst and C. perfringens spore enumerations by standard parasitologic and microbiologic techniques. DNA was also extracted for C. perfringens DNA for PCR detection of genes coding for alpha- and NetB-toxin. A general trend during the ACD programs was a transient decrease in both Eimeria maxima and non-E. maxima (Eamipt) numbers at 2 wk growout. The pattern was slightly different during VAC with E. maxima and Eamipt levels increasing over time. Average concentrations of C. perfringens in litter were highest at 2 wk (∼105-106 spores/g) during ACD and at placement during VAC (∼105-106 spores/g). During the ACD program, a strong correlation was observed between 0 and 3-wk chick mortality and the presence at placement (0 wk) of netB (r = 0.42-0.48) or cpa (r = 0.55-0.67). A very strong correlation was observed in 0-5-wk chick mortality and the presence of netB at 4 wk growout (0.73-0.95). During a VAC program, a strong correlation was only observed between the presence of netB at placement and 0-1-wk chick mortality (r = 0.67).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. Mucosal Delivery of a Self-destructing Salmonella-Based Vaccine Inducing Immunity Against Eimeria.
- Author
-
Kong W, Wang X, Fields E, Okon B, Jenkins MC, Wilkins G, Brovold M, Golding T, Gonzales A, Golden G, Clark-Curtiss J, and Curtiss R
- Subjects
- Administration, Mucosal, Animals, Male, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, Chickens, Coccidiosis prevention & control, Eimeria tenella immunology, Poultry Diseases prevention & control, Protozoan Vaccines administration & dosage, Salmonella Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
A programmed self-destructive Salmonella vaccine delivery system was developed to facilitate efficient colonization in host tissues that allows release of the bacterial cell contents after lysis to stimulate mucosal, systemic, and cellular immunities against a diversity of pathogens. Adoption and modification of these technological improvements could form part of an integrated strategy for cost-effective control and prevention of infectious diseases, including those caused by parasitic pathogens. Avian coccidiosis is a common poultry disease caused by Eimeria. Coccidiosis has been controlled by medicating feed with anticoccidial drugs or administering vaccines containing low doses of virulent or attenuated Eimeria oocysts. Problems of drug resistance and nonuniform administration of these Eimeria resulting in variable immunity are prompting efforts to develop recombinant Eimeria vaccines. In this study, we designed, constructed, and evaluated a self-destructing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) lysis strain synthesizing the Eimeria tenella SO7 antigen. We showed that the RASV lysis strain χ11791(pYA5293) with a ΔsifA mutation enabling escape from the Salmonella-containing vesicle (or endosome) successfully colonized chicken lymphoid tissues and induced strong mucosal and cell-mediated immunities, which are critically important for protection against Eimeria challenge. The results from animal clinical trials show that this vaccine strain significantly increased food conversion efficiency and protection against weight gain depression after challenge with 105E. tenella oocysts with concomitant decreased oocyst output. More importantly, the programmed regulated lysis feature designed into this RASV strain promotes bacterial self-clearance from the host, lessening persistence of vaccine strains in vivo and survival if excreted, which is a critically important advantage in a vaccine for livestock animals. Our approach should provide a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious vaccine to control coccidiosis upon addition of additional protective Eimeria antigens. These improved RASVs can also be modified for use to control other parasitic diseases infecting other animal species.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
121. Incorporation of a recombinant Eimeria maxima IMP1 antigen into nanoparticles confers protective immunity against E. Maxima challenge infection.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, Stevens L, O'Brien C, Parker C, Miska K, and Konjufca V
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Antigens, Protozoan chemistry, Chickens, Particle Size, Polystyrenes chemistry, Poultry Diseases parasitology, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Vaccination, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Coccidiosis prevention & control, Coccidiosis veterinary, Eimeria immunology, Nanoparticles chemistry, Poultry Diseases prevention & control, Protozoan Vaccines immunology
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if conjugating a recombinant Eimeria maxima protein, namely EmaxIMP1, into 20 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (NP) could improve the level of protective immunity against E. maxima challenge infection. Recombinant EmaxIMP1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a poly-His fusion protein, purified by NiNTA chromatography, and conjugated to 20 nm polystyrene NP (NP-EmaxIMP1). NP-EMaxIMP1 or control non-recombinant (NP-NR) protein were delivered per os to newly-hatched broiler chicks with subsequent booster immunizations at 3 and 21 days of age. In battery cage studies (n = 4), chickens immunized with NP-EMaxIMP1 displayed complete protection as measured by weight gain (WG) against E. maxima challenge compared to chickens immunized with NP-NR. WG in the NP-EMaxIMP1-immunized groups was identical to WG in chickens that were not infected with E. maxima infected chickens. In floor pen studies (n = 2), chickens immunized with NP-EMaxIMP1 displayed partial protection as measured by WG against E. maxima challenge compared to chickens immunized with NP-NR. In order to understand the basis for immune stimulation, newly-hatched chicks were inoculated per os with NP-EMaxIMP1 or NP-NR protein, and the small intestine, bursa, and spleen, were examined for NP localization at 1 h and 6 h post-inoculation. Within 1 h, both NP-EMaxIMP1 and NP-NR were observed in all 3 tissues. An increase was observed in the level of NP-EmaxIMP1 and NP-NR in all tissues at 6 h post-inoculation. These data indicate that 20 nm NP-EmaxIMP1 or NP-NR reached deeper tissues within hours of oral inoculation and elicited complete to partial immunity against E. maxima challenge infection., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Antibodies to the ventral disc protein delta-giardin prevent in vitro binding of Giardia lamblia trophozoites.
- Author
-
Jenkins MC, O'Brien CN, Murphy C, Schwarz R, Miska K, Rosenthal B, and Trout JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Cloning, Molecular, Cytoskeletal Proteins analysis, Cytoskeletal Proteins genetics, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gene Expression, Giardia lamblia chemistry, Giardia lamblia genetics, Humans, Immune Sera biosynthesis, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Protozoan Proteins analysis, Protozoan Proteins genetics, RNA, Messenger analysis, Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Trophozoites chemistry, Trophozoites immunology, Antibodies, Protozoan immunology, Cytoskeletal Proteins immunology, Giardia lamblia immunology, Immune Sera immunology, Protozoan Proteins immunology, Recombinant Proteins immunology
- Abstract
A cDNA coding for detlaq-giardin was cloned from Giardia lamblia trophozoites to localize the protein and to study its function in mediating surface attachment. Recombinant delta-giardin antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli as a poly-histidine fusion protein and was purified by affinity chromatography for production of antisera to delta-giardin. By immunoblotting analysis, antisera to recombinant delta-giardin antigen recognized a 31-kDa protein on G. lamblia trophozoites. Anti-recombinant delta-giardin was used to localize the native protein to the trophozoite ventral disk in both immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy assays. Pre-treatment of G. lamblia trophozoites with anti-delta-giardin sera caused morphological changes in the parasite and inhibited trophozoite binding to the surface of cell culture slides. Binding of antibodies to delta-giardin may provide a means of inhibiting attachment of G. lamblia trophozoites to the intestinal epithelium and thereby prevent clinical giardiasis.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.