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Background: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a new invasive pest in Indonesia causing financial losses. S. frugiperdalarvae hide in the leaf midrib all day. To overcome the hidden larvae, pathogenic endophytic fungi are needed. The objective of this research was to molecularly identify the endophytic fungal species from South Sumatra and determine the most pathogenic species against S. frugiperdalarvae. Endophytic fungal identification was based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The molecular identification was based on gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. Bioassay of the endophytic fungal species was treated against the 2ndlarval instar of S. frugiperda. Result: The results of molecular identification revealed endophytic fungal species consisted of Chaetomiumsp. (GaTpeOi, JgTjPr, PiCrPga, and CaCjPga isolates), Aspergillus niger(L.) Van Tieghem (PsgTjPr, JgByU, and JaBuBys), Beauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillemin (JgSPK, JaGiP, JaSpkPGA(2), JgCrJr, and JaTpOi (1) isolates), Curvularia lunata(Wakker) Boed. (JaGiPRB, CMTJP, JaMsBys, JaSpkPga(3), and JgTgSr isolates), Aspergillus flavusLink. (JgPWSR isolate), Penicillium citrinumThom F 1539 (JaTpOi(2) isolate), and Metarhizium anisopliae(Metschn.) Sorokin (CaTpPGA isolate). All fungal isolates were deposited in the GenBank. The endophytic fungal species of B. bassiana(JgSPK isolate) caused up to (22.67%) mortality, C. lunata(JaSpkPga(3) isolate) caused (17.33%) mortality, and M. anisopliae(CaTpPga isolate) caused (8%) mortality of the pest’s larvae. First report of B. bassianaand C. lunataisolated from maize (Zea maysL.), while M. anisopliaewas isolated from red chili (Capsicum annuumL.) as entomopathogenic endophytic fungi against S. frugiperdalarvae in Indonesia. Conclusion: The endophytic fungi species of B. bassiana, C. lunata, and M. anisopliaehad potentials as entomopathogens of S. frugiperda.

We combined spatially resolved Chandra data with the ROSAT data to constrain the dark-matter distribution in the galaxy group NGC 5044. Within $250 \, h^{-1}_{50} \,\mathrm{kpc}$, the total mass is found to be $\sim 1.6 \times10^{13} \,{{{M}_{\odot}}}$, 12% of which constitutes baryonic mass. Within the inner central regions, the total mass profile exhibits a double structure, typical for groups containing a cD galaxy. Following previous studies of mostly rich galaxy clusters, we studied in detail the nature of such a double structure, whereby we inferred likely interface between the cD galaxy and the surrounding galaxies. For this interesting group, we determined for the first time the galaxy-group interface, which is around 7.5 kpc from the peak of the X-ray emission. The total mass internal to this interface radius is found to be ${\sim 7.1 \times10^{10} \,{{{M}_{\odot}}}}$. Beyond this radius, the total mass profile becomes DM-dominated and the corresponding DM profile is reasonably fitted with the NFW model, yielding results consistent with the observed scatter expected for CDM halos. A power-law fit to the DM mass profile gives $\alpha = 1.88 \pm 0.32$, a slope that is within the observed range, but is significantly larger than that of low surface brightness galaxies and self-interacting DM halos.

Desorption of three oral bacterial strains from a salivary conditioning film on an indium tin oxide electrode during application of a positive (bacterial adhesion to the anode) or a negative electric current was studied in a parallel plate flow chamber. Bacterial adhesion was from a flowing suspension of high ionic strength, after which the bacterial suspension was replaced by a low ionic strength solution without bacteria and currents ranging from −800 to +800 μA were applied. Streptococcus oralis J22 desorbed during application of a positive and negative electric current with a desorption probability that increased with increasing electric current. Two actinomyces strains, however, could not be stimulated to desorb by the electric currents applied. The desorption forces acting on adhering bacteria are electroosmotic in origin and working parallel to the electrode surface in case of a positive current, whereas they are electrophoretic and electrostatic in origin and working perpendicular to the surface in case of a negative current. By comparison of the effect of positive and negative electric currents, it can be concluded that parallel forces are more effective in stimulating bacterial desorption than perpendicular forces. The results of this study point to a new pathway of cleaning industrial and biomedical surfaces without the use of detergents or biocides. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 395–399, 2001.

A prospective study was performed over a 1-year period in patients who had sustained blunt trauma, mostly in motor vehicle accidents. All 73 patients (56 male and 17 female; age range, 2–94 years; mean age, 35.2 years) in the study had undergone intubation and ventilation at the trauma site (mean Glasgow Coma Score, 9.9 [range, 3–15]; mean Injury Severity Score, 30.4 [range, 8–75]) and subsequently underwent three-view radiography of the cervical spine and thin-section spiral computed tomography (CT) of the cervicothoracic junction. Spinal fractures were detected in 20 patients and involved the cervicothoracic junction region in 12 cases. In all 12 patients, the fractures were visualized at CT, whereas in seven of 12 patients, conventional radiography failed to demonstrate injuries (transverse process fracture of T1 [n= 1], pedicle and vertebral body fracture of C7 [n= 1], fractures of the first and second ribs [n= 5]). Thus, routine CT of the cervicothoracic junction in a highly select group of severely injured patients helped detect occult fracture in seven of 73 patients (10%); however, most of these fractures were not clinically significant. Larger studies involving a high-risk patient population are needed to confirm these findings.

We reviewed our 12-year experience of surgical treatment for aortic coarctation in 86 neonates. Twenty-three patients had simple coarctation, 38 had an associated large ventricular septal defect, and 25 had complex intracardiac defects. The surgical techniques included subclavian flap angioplasty in 54 (63%), combined resection with end-to-end anastomosis augmented by a subclavian flap in 22 (26%), resection with extended end-to-end anastomosis in 7 (8%), and patch aortoplasty in 3 (3%). Five patients required additional transverse aortic arch augmentation. Hospital mortality was 14% (12/86) and was not related to the type of repair but associated pathology increased the operative risk. Late mortality was 11% (8/74) within one year of repair. Recoarctation developed in 5 patients (7%) within one year. No recoarctation was observed in the group repaired by end-to-end anastomosis augmented by a subclavian flap (p = 0.04).

• In the years from to 1995, Adelaide‐based mobile intensive care teams transported 4443 critically ill patients from rural areas in South Australia and adjacent States to tertiary‐level hospitals in Adelaide. • The SA Ambulance Service undertook communications, support staffing and deployment of transport. • Average radial distances in 819 road missions were 71 km, in 808 helicopter missions 122 km, and in 2777 fixed‐wing aircraft missions 398 km. • The largest groups of patients were neonates (23%) and those with trauma (25%). • Rural hospitals made 96% of the requests for intensive care transport; 4% came from ambulance or other emergency service crews at accident locations. • Emergency surgical or operative obstetrical procedures were performed on 2.7% of patients before transport. • One hundred and thirteen patients (2.5%) died during resuscitation or transport, with one death deemed to be preventable.

A program was designed to extend the experience of residents and medical students rotating through the Family Practice Center in the care of older patients. This educational experience was based on a group of representative geriatric cases at a nursing home and included para-medical personnel in both the service and educational elements. Evaluation, given some substantial changes, suggested strong support for the project particularly with respect to the opportunity provided for student and resident to practice an interdisciplinary health care team approach.

Male-limited precocious puberty (MPP) is a gonadotropin-independent disorder that occurs sporadically or is inherited in an autosomal dominant, male-limited pattern. Recent studies have identified constitutively activating missense mutations in the human luteinizing hormone receptor (hLHR) gene leading to Leydig cell activation and precocious puberty. Patients with sporadic MPP (SMPP) or with different ethnic backgrounds appear to have a greater likelihood of having novel mutations. In the current study we examined genomic DNA from two unrelated cases of SMPP of African-American descent for novel mutations of the hLHR gene. A heterozygous A to C transversion at nucleotide 1723 resulting in substitution of Leu for lle575 in transmembrane helix 6 was identified. Human embryonic kidney cells transfected with cDNA for the mutant hLHR-I575L, created by polymerase chain reaction-based mutagenesis of the wild-type (hLHR-wt) cDNA, exhibited increased basal levels of cAMP production in the absence of agonist, indicating constitutive activation. Surface expression of hLHR-I575L, as reflected by human chorionic gonadotropin binding, was diminished compared to hLHR-wt, while agonist affinity was unaffected. With the exception of two polymorphic bases, no mutation was identified within the coding sequence of the hLHR in the second case of SMPP. We conclude that I575L is a unique constitutively activating mutation that impairs cell surface expression of the receptor but does not alter agonist affinity. Furthermore, mutations of the hLHR gene causing SMPP are highly heterogeneous and may be found in regions other than exon 11 of the hLHR. Last, patients with MPP from different ethnic backgrounds are likely to have novel mutations.

EUROPEHousing Needs and Planning Policy By J. B. Cullingworth. 8¾ × 5¾. Pp. xii + 218. 8 maps. 44 tables. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960. 28s.Germany. By T. H. Elkins. 7½ × 5. Pp. 272. 55 maps and diagrams. London: Christophers, 1960. 12s. 6d. Germany: Its Geography and Growth. By K. A. Sinnhuber. 8¼ × 10¼. Pp. 128. 35 maps. 203 photographs. London: John Murray, 1961.15s.Biogeography & geomorphologyAllgemeine Geomorphologie. By Herbert Louis. 7×9½. Pp. xviii+354. 70 pp. photographic supplement + folded map. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 1960. D.M. 36.Introduction to Plant Geography and Some related Sciences. By Nicholas Polunin. 9×6. Pp. xix + 640. 184 figures. London and New York: Longmans Green and Co. Ltd., 1960. 60s.Pilgrimage for Plants. By F. Kingdon-Ward. 8½ × 5¾. Pp. 191. 36 plates. 2 line-drawings. 2 end-paper maps. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd, 1960. 18s.CARTOGRAPHYImago Mundi: a Review of Early Cartography. No. XV. Founded by Leo Bagrow. 11½ × 9. Pp. 125.44 maps. 13 figures. 's-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co., 1960. 103s. 6d.MAPS AND ATLASESWorld Population, 1:16,000,000. By A. Söderlund. 3 sheets, each 51 × 35. Stockholm: Geografiska Institutionen vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 1960. 15 Sv.kr.Goode's World Atlas. Edited by E. B. Espenshade, Jr. 11½ × 9¾. Pp.xii + 168 maps + 120 index. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 11th edition, 1960. $7.50.Bartholomew's Contour-Coloured World Map Series, India, Pakistan, Ceylon. 1:.4,000,000. 40×30. Edinburgh: John Bartholomew & Son Ltd., 1960. Paper folded, 5s. Cloth folded, 7s. 6d.West Midlands Conurbation Marketing Map, 1.8 inches to one mile. 40' × 50', with accompanying explanatory text pp. 27. London: Geographia Ltd, 1961. Paper flat, 50s.

A 5-month-old boy with trisomy 21 had repair of ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Due to severe pulmonary hypertension, NO inhalation was instituted postoperatively. Over the course of next few hours, he developed life-threatening methemoglobinemia. The condition once recognized was corrected with exchange blood transfusion. The management strategy is described with a brief review of the literature.

The article presents the shoe collection of actress and founder Gwyneth Paltrow of lifestyle company Goop which include the satin Louboutin platforms, the bubblegum-pink suede shoes, and the Gucci gold strappy heels.

The article offers information on the daily routine of supermodel and entrepreneur Cindy Crawford which include cardio exercise, lunch, and watching television.

The article offers brief information on several fashion accessories including bags from Louis Vuitton, the silk scarf from Hermès and the Kooples sneakers from Puma.

Pribram's incision for choiecystectomy is described. Out of 71 patients with the incision who were followed up, I developed a small 2-cm. herniation through the wound. The advantages of the incision are discussed, particularly its resistance to dehiscence.

The article presents the weekend time allocation of author Ines de la Fressange in Paris, France.

The article discusses why is advertising criticized. It states that the reason it is being criticized is because of the role advertising play in helping to create a consumer economy and two-thirds of the country's gross domestic product is consumer-driven. The 1998 United Nations Human Development Report on Consumption says consumption contributes to the human development, and with that in mind, the author proposes three clarifications, restatements of the advertising industry principles. These are to promote only those goods and services that benefit human development, refrain from promoting reckless, irresponsible and competitive consumption, and ban all broadcast advertising to children under 12.

The article provides information on the daily routine of actress Kate Hudson, cofounder of the workout brand Fabletics, presenting her view on her perfect day and happiness.

Bullwhip effect is an increase of variance of demand fluctuation from downstream to upstream of supply chain. Forecasting methods and forecasting parameters were recognized as some factors that affect bullwhip phenomena. To study these factors, we can develop simulations. There are several ways to simulate bullwhip effect in previous studies, such as mathematical equation modelling, information control modelling, computer program, and many more. In this study a spreadsheet program named Bullwhip Explorer was used to simulate bullwhip effect. Several scenarios were developed to show the change in bullwhip effect ratio because of the difference in forecasting methods and forecasting parameters. Forecasting methods used were mean demand, moving average, exponential smoothing, demand signalling, and minimum expected mean squared error. Forecasting parameters were moving average period, smoothing parameter, signalling factor, and safety stock factor. It showed that decreasing moving average period, increasing smoothing parameter, increasing signalling factor can create bigger bullwhip effect ratio. Meanwhile, safety stock factor had no impact to bullwhip effect.

The author discusses how priorities of dressing and makeup changes at every stage of life, her experience with ageing, and how she started performing again after loss of her daughter.

The article presents the author's insights on a dress sent to her for her nomination for an award by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), and the implication of the dress to her life.

The article offers miscellaneous topics including on the fashion accessories of the jewellery manufacturer David Webb, report of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization on importance of bugs for environment and views of editor in chief of Gourmet magazine Ruth Reichl on the same.

The article announces the 100th anniversary of panth è re de Cartier jewelry collection.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles about gallery designs, advertising, and typefaces published in the previous issues of the periodical.

The article discusses several aspects and importance of diet and presents the statement of Thomas Campbell, a physician and the executive director of the T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies in Ithaca, New York.

The article offers information on women's clothes and shoes including the Tuxedo pants from lanvin, the thigh-high slit skirt from Altuzarra and the Ballerina style shoes from Tomas Maier.