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Supplementary Figure 3 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Supplementary Table 1 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Supplementary Figure 2 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from A Role for Stroma-Derived Annexin A1 as Mediator in the Control of Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies through Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

Supplementary Table 1 from A Role for Stroma-Derived Annexin A1 as Mediator in the Control of Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies through Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

Supplementary Figure 3 from A Role for Stroma-Derived Annexin A1 as Mediator in the Control of Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies through Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

Supplementary Figure 2 from A Role for Stroma-Derived Annexin A1 as Mediator in the Control of Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies through Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

Supplementary Figure 1 from A Role for Stroma-Derived Annexin A1 as Mediator in the Control of Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies through Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

The Fas/FasL system mediates induced apoptosis of immature thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes, but little is known about its implication in genetic susceptibility to T-cell malignancies. In this article, we report that the expression of FasL increases early in all mice after γ-radiation treatments, maintaining such high levels for a long time in mice that resisted tumor induction. However, its expression is practically absent in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Interestingly, there exist significant differences in the level of expression between two mice strains exhibiting extremely distinct susceptibilities that can be attributed to promoter functional polymorphisms. In addition, several functional nucleotide changes in the coding sequences of both Fas and FasL genes significantly affect their biological activity. These results lead us to propose that germ-line functional polymorphisms affecting either the levels of expression or the biological activity of both Fas and FasL genes could be contributing to the genetic risk to develop T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas and support the use of radiotherapy as an adequate procedure to choose in the treatment of T-cell malignancies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5107–16]

Supplementary Table 3 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Cancer susceptibility is essentially attributable to multiple low-penetrance genes. Using interspecific consomic and congenic mice between the tumor-resistant SEG/Pas and the tumor-sensitive C57BL/6J strains, a region on chromosome 19 involved in the genetic resistance to γ-irradiation–induced T-cell lymphomas (Tlyr1) has been identified. Through the development of nonoverlapping subcongenic strains, it has been further shown that Anxa1 may be a candidate resistance gene on the basis of its differential expression in thymus stroma cells after γ-radiation exposure. In addition, thymus stroma cells of thymic lymphomas exhibited a significant reduction in the expression levels of Anxa1. Interestingly, the activity of Anxa1 relies on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induction that brings about apoptosis in thymocytes. In fact, in vitro transfection experiments revealed that PGE2 production was enhanced when HEK 293 cells were transfected with full-length cDNAs of Anxa1, with PGE2 production in the cells transfected with the allele of the resistant strain (Anxa1Tyr) being higher than that in cells transfected with the allele of the susceptible strain (Anxa1Phe). Furthermore, the presence of this compound in the medium induced apoptosis of immature CD4+CD8+CD3low cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms triggering T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma development while highlighting the relevance of the stroma in controlling genetic susceptibility and the use of PGE2 as a new therapeutic approach in T-cell hematologic malignancies. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2577–87]

Supplementary Table 2 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Supplementary Table 4 from A Role for Endoglin as a Suppressor of Malignancy during Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

Supplementary Figure 1 from A Role for the Fas/FasL System in Modulating Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphomas

Supplementary Table 1 from A Role for the Fas/FasL System in Modulating Genetic Susceptibility to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphomas

La educación es uno de los sectores más afectados por la pandemia, lo que ha generado la necesidad de analizar el tema desde diversas perspectivas, incluyendo la de los usuarios. Por lo tanto, este artículo aborda dicha problemática desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes universitarios, con el objetivo de comprender el proceso de adaptación a la educación virtual e identificar las dificultades y experiencias resilientes que han enfrentado. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa, descriptiva y prospectiva de cohorte transversal. Se llevó a cabo en una universidad pública de Perú con una muestra de 190 estudiantes de Antropología, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario en línea mediante la plataforma de encuestas QuestionPro. Los resultados del estudio revelan que el 81.05 % de los estudiantes consideran la educación presencial tradicional como muy importante, mientras que el 40.53 % califica como buena la educación virtual recibida. En cuanto a las dificultades logísticas de los estudiantes, el 69.47 % manifestó haber recibido sus clases virtuales a través de un teléfono celular, el 57.37 % indica haber compartido su espacio de estudio con un familiar directo en su hogar, mientras que el 72.11 % y el 37.89 % simultáneamente apoyaron en actividades económicas de sus padres. En cuanto a la percepción de satisfacción en el uso de herramientas por parte de los docentes, entre el 55.84 % y el 61.04 % de los estudiantes consideran que el desempeño docente es bueno o aceptable. En conclusión, la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios opina que la educación presencial tradicional es muy importante y califica como buena la educación virtual, aunque existen limitaciones logísticas y de conectividad que han afectado el proceso de aprendizaje. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de seguir investigando y mejorando las prácticas educativas en el contexto de pandemia.

PurposeGreen Lean tools are aligned with the Circular Economy strategy as they aim at reducing waste, however, they miss the creation of value through waste. Therefore, this paper investigates whether the current implementation of the Green Lean strategy promotes the introduction of the Circular philosophy to achieve sustainable management production processes. It analyses how the resources were managed by implementing the different strategies and tools presented in Green Lean case studies under the lens of Circular Economy and highlights future research paths on the Circular Lean integration.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of the implementation of Green Lean case studies, selected through a Systematic Literature Review, from the manufacturing sector is conducted.FindingsThe majority of Green Lean implementations were aimed at minimizing waste, which is aligned with the narrowing strategy of Circular Economy and only a few cases studies aimed at closing the production cycles. Even though the main results indicate that being eco-efficient is a good starting point to move towards sustainability, from a Circular Economy point of view, this approach could remain limited. Therefore, the current contribution of Green Lean to the implementation of circular practices is limited. It can be concluded that introducing the circular philosophy in the Green Lean methodology can be achieved through redirecting Green Lean from waste reduction towards a value creation focus.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it provides a critical review of the literature on the topic of Green Lean integration and Circular Economy.

The iron-binding motif EexxED from the frataxin family was grafted on the surface of E. coli thioredoxin. The variant showed native-conformational features and was enzimatically functional in the context of the new protein structure.

In the modern era, information technology-based solution providers are encountering a growing request for satisfying the versatile requirements of their customers in terms of software applications. To this end, specific approaches have been designed to streamline the way of accomplishing software projects in an efficient manner, i.e., agile-oriented frameworks. Even though previous studies have highlighted variations of such a framework, the literature has not addressed the adaptations required in response to the gradual maturity of a wide-ranging case study dealing with software applications. Following a case study-oriented methodology, this paper focuses on elaborating a set of workable maneuvers to mature the Scrum framework when applied to portfolio management. Particularly, we highlight how Scrum should be adapted from its basic setting to a vision and goal-oriented configuration or Scrumban under certain conditions. As a maturing practice, we propose a heuristic scoring technique to determine the sprint length of subprojects with different characteristics in the context of a portfolio. The study also introduces a multi-level refinement structure to enhance the monitoring of the teams' performance under the proposed mature framework. The results obtained display a considerable spike in the realization rate of release planning in light of the actual performance.

[EN] Snowfall in elevated areas of the mid-latitudes has a strong impact on infrastructure, freshwater availability, and the climate system. The Cantabrian Mountains of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula are very vulnerable to climate change because of their moderate altitudes, which limits their snowfall. Monitoring snow events is essential for the evaluation of weather and climate prediction models. However, measurement networks are scarce in mountainous areas and have great uncertainties because of blizzards. In this study, a multiphysics ensemble of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was designed using three microphysics and two planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes to simulate nine snowfall events in the Cantabrian Mountains during autumn and winter 2021–2022. The WRF was validated using several snow characteristics, such as liquid water equivalent, snow cover, and snow depth. Liquid water equivalent was evaluated using snow-gauge networks and satellite products in an assessment of snow cover. In addition, a monitoring network of webcams and snow poles was implemented, improving the low density of snow observations in the mountains. The results showed good model performance for detection of snow cover and slight overestimation of liquid water equivalent and snow thickness, which may have been caused by under-catchment that is generally an effect of wind on the measurement systems and by snow compaction, respectively. Morrison microphysics and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN PBL) yielded better results for liquid water equivalent at higher altitudes and output greater snow cover. The results help determine the best configurations for snow modelling in the study area to develop future studies of the spatiotemporal patterns of snow distribution. SI

TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein that presents four domains comprising an N-terminal region, two RNA recognition motifs and a C-terminal region. The N-terminal domain (NTD) has a relevant role in the oligomerization and splicing activity of TDP-43. In this work, we have expressed, purified and biophysically characterized the region that includes residues 1 to 102 that contains the nuclear localization signal (residues 80-102, NLS). Furthermore, we have evaluated the equilibrium of oligomerization for this protein fragment. Also, we have determined changes in the tertiary structure and its stability in a broad range of pH values by means of different spectroscopic methods. Additionally, we compared this fragment with the one that lacks the NLS employing experimental and computational methods. Finally, we evaluated the motion of dimeric forms to get insights into the conformational flexibility of this TDP-43 module in an oligomeric state. Our results suggest that this domain has a conformational plasticity in the vicinity of the single tryptophan of this domain (Trp68), which is enhanced by the presence of the nuclear localization signal. All these results help to understand the molecular features of the NTD of TDP-43.

Objectives: The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction after hospitalisation for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design: GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicentre, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated on hospital admission and after 1, 6 and 12 months post hospitalisation. Gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: The study included 2183 hospitalised patients. The primary analysis included a total of 883 patients (614 patients with COVID-19 and 269 controls) due to the exclusion of patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal symptoms and/or surgery. At enrolment, gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent among patients with COVID-19 than in the control group (59.3% vs 39.7%, p, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR; Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Mobility, KSNM; Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna: H2020, SC1-BHC-01-2019; United European Gastroenterology, UEG; Fondazione Roma, GB’s contribution to this research was partly supported by funding from Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna, the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; and Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna and European Grant H2020, DISCOvERIE, SC1-BHC-01-2019, We thank the European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, the United European Gastroenterology, and the Rome Foundation for supporting this study.

Franco Javier Santos se adentra en los obstáculos a los que nos enfrentamos dentro del proceso educativo, así como a la incultura musical de un porcentaje del alumnado.

Reseña de: María Cruz Romeo, María Pilar Salomón, Nuria Tabanera (eds.): Católicos, Reaccionarios y Nacionalistas. Política e identidad nacional en Europa y América Latina Contemporáneas. Granada: Comares Historia, 2021, 242 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1369-141-1

Imaging technology is constantly improving and enabling accurate, deterministic simulations of transport properties through the pore space of the imaged rock sample. Meanwhile, data-driven machine learning has emerged as an alternate tool for modeling transport properties that, once trained, use a fraction of the computational resources that traditional simulations require. However, machine learning models often fail to strictly enforce the physical constraints of the system, leading to solutions that are less accurate than that of traditional solvers. Here we propose a novel hybrid workflow that combines machine learning and conventional simulation methods. The workflow begins with a three-dimensional, binary image of a sample. A trained convolutional neural network extracts spatial relationships between the porous medium geometry and the electrostatic potential field and predicts the electrical properties through a new medium. Instead of assuming a linear potential gradient, this prediction is used as the initial condition of a validated finite difference solver. The implementation of this workflow can improve the simulation run time by an order of magnitude for small images. The success of the proposed workflow heavily depends on the accuracy of model prediction. We previously developed successful methods for prediction of the velocity field (and permeability) of a Newtonian fluid in a porous medium in the laminar regime. Here, we extend the method to predict the electrical potential field. We explore one strategy of improving a model's ability to generalize to unseen samples by supplying geometric characterizations of the pore space. We find that models trained with these features individually do not result in an improvement over the baseline model trained with only the binary image. However, they do provide the model with relational information that can be incorporated into future models. Analysis of electrical properties is one of the most common methods of delineating hydrocarbon saturation in reservoir rock. The proposed workflow helps accelerate the calculation of the electric potential field and can lead to estimating hydrocarbon saturation in real time. We also expect that this workflow is easily generalized to many other transport problems in porous media.

Bacteria use type II secretion systems (T2SS) to secrete to their surface folded proteins that confer diverse functions, from nutrient acquisition to virulence. In the Klebsiella species, T2SS-mediated secretion of pullulanase (PulA) requires assembly of a dynamic filament called pseudopilus. The inner membrane assembly platform (AP) complex is essential for PulA secretion and pseudopilus assembly. The AP components PulL and PulM form an inner membrane complex interacting through their C-terminal globular domains and transmembrane segments. Here we investigated the roles of periplasmic helices and cytoplasmic domains of PulL and PulM in their assembly. We found that PulL and PulM variants lacking periplasmic helices were defective for interactions in the bacterial two-hybrid (BACTH) assay. Their function in PulA secretion and assembly of PulG subunits into pseudopilus filaments were strongly reduced. In addition, deleting the cytoplasmic peptide of PulM in variant PulMΔN nearly abolished interaction with PulG in the BACTH assay, without affecting the interaction with PulL. Nevertheless, PulL was degraded in the presence of the PulMΔN variant, suggesting that PulM N-terminal peptide interacts with PulL in the cytoplasm and plays a stabilizing role. We discuss the implication of these results for the mechanism of T2S and type IV pilus assembly.

Genotype networks are sets of genotypes connected by small mutational changes that share the same phenotype. They facilitate evolutionary innovation by enabling the exploration of different neighborhoods in genotype space. Genotype networks, first suggested by theoretical models, have been empirically confirmed for proteins and RNAs. Comparative studies also support their existence for gene regulatory networks (GRNs), but direct experimental evidence is lacking. Here, we report the construction of three interconnected genotype networks of synthetic GRNs producing three distinct gene expression phenotypes in Escherichia coli. These genotype networks, composed of over twenty different synthetic GRNs, provide robustness in face of mutations while enabling transitions to innovative phenotypes. Through realistic mathematical modeling, we quantify robustness and evolvability for the complete genotype-phenotype map and link these features mechanistically to GRN motifs. Our work thereby exemplifies how GRN evolution along genotype networks might be driving evolutionary innovation.

Reseña: Cruz Romeo, María, Pilar Salomón, María & Tabanera, Nuria (eds.): Católicos, Reaccionarios y Nacionalistas. Política e identidad nacional en Europa y América Latina Contemporáneas. Granada, Comares Historia, 2021, 242 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1369-141-1.

La interculturalidad como praxis cotidiana es todavía una agenda pendiente. Si bien hay avances muy significativos en la valoración de la diversidad cultural existente, la implementación de políticas de educación intercultural bilingüe y, el tímido reconocimiento del bagaje de conocimientos que poseen los pueblos andino-amazónicos. No obstante, persisten aún brechas muy profundas a seguir forjando. El año del bicentenario del Perú tiene implicancias hacia una revisión de la historia, de los aciertos y desaciertos en una sociedad tan compleja, tan diversa y tan desigual. En un contexto donde se ha practicado un diálogo de espaldas, superponiendo los intereses propios, sin cargo de conciencia de los efectos que ocasionan en los otros aún invisibilizados, cuyo abordaje significa ineludiblemente, desentrañar puntos neurálgicos de las sociedades con ascendencia prehispánica que fueron sistemáticamente acalladas.

¿Tienen las remesas de los trabajadores efecto multiplicador robusto sobre la economía familiar y nacional? Cuando este tipo de ingreso es destinado a consumo y no a inversión o ahorro, por ejemplo, su influencia sobre la economía es limitada. Para especialistas como Bámaca-López (2017) las remesas deberían ser menos utilizadas en la satisfacción de necesidades básicas y más en inversiones productivas.

Purpose This research has the following specific objectives: provide an overview of the literature addressing operational excellence (OE) and OE in emerging countries; propose an integrative framework of OE attributes; and propose future research directions for the OE literature. Design/methodology/approach To remain competitive in industry, many organizations are implementing OE initiatives. However, achieving OE in emerging markets has been a pressing challenge due to the scarce knowledge on how it works. Through a systematic review of the literature, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the concept of OE in emerging countries through the triple bottom line. Findings This study has found nine attributes of OE based on the three pillars of sustainability or triple bottom line (economic, environmental and social). Four of them were the most cited and served to build the proposed framework. The analysis concludes that most of the studies related to OE in emerging countries have been carried out in Asia. Finally, based on the results obtained from the literature review, six points of future research are proposed based on three research directions: OE in emerging countries, active participation by employees and culture generation and finally, research methods. Originality/value The gap that is filled in this study is that some authors have studied the application of OE in emerging countries, specifically on the Asian continent. In those cases, the literature is either oriented to describing OE from different perspectives or to its application in different companies, some of which are emerging countries. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study that describes the specific and complete aspects that make up a model of OE and which can show how this model can be applied in emerging countries.

Over the last few decades, environmental changes have occurred in the Cantabrian Mountains (Northwest Spain) as a result of economic, social and climatic transformations. The depopulation in the rural environment with the transformation of traditional land uses, the closure of coal mining operations, and the increase in temperatures have modified the geometry of channels, water flow, and sediment connectivity of mountain rivers.The runoff and the sediment load are modified, and the reservoirs located downstream collect all these changes thanks to the gauging stations for water flow, up and down the reservoir and the sediment sequences inside the reservoir. Studies have been carried out in natural cuts of several reservoirs during their dry season with the aim of knowing in detail the effects of each environmental change. The studied variables are accumulation rhythms, exceptional events, granulometry, and some chemical patterns. Data have already been published in the Pisuerga River basin (Palencia) from the analysis of the sediments retained in the La Requejada Reservoir (Pisabarro et al., 2019) but are not still published in Tuerto River basin in the Villameca Reservoir (León) and in Ibias River in the Grandas de Salime Reservoir (Lugo-Asturias).In the first one, it was found a clear tendency to reduce the grain size since 80’s, when the land use change from crops and grasslands towards rewilding were increased. This process was aid with a decrease of runoff close to 20% between 60’s to 2010’s. In the other two reservoirs, the Villameca and the Grandas de Salime, there are interesting sediment outcrops too, in the last one affected by mining activity. Samples of sediment have been taken which also show the tendency to a smaller grain-size particle in the sediments’ upper levels. In the Villameca Reservoir at consequence of a clear reduction of the extreme events in the last decades.Significant differences in sediment thickness have been observed between northern and southern slopes of the Cantabrian Mountains partly due to the marked asymmetry slopes, proper of this mountain range. In the first (the Grandas de Salime) up to 5.5 m has been found form since 1953 (2021), but in the La Requejada and Villameca reservoirs (in the Southern slope) only 1-2 m since 1940 (2016) and 1947 (2021). During the next dry season of the reservoirs, the research will be extended to other reservoirs with the main goal of extending this analysis and understanding the Global Change implications in the connectivity and the fluvial dynamics. Pisabarro, A., Pellitero, R., Serrano, E., Lopez-Moreno, J.I. (2019) Impacts of land abandonment and climate variability on runoff generation and sediment transport in the Pisuerga headwaters (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain), Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 101:3, 211-224, DOI: 10.1080/04353676.2019.1591042

The Schmidt-hammer has been used in Geomorphology for the last decades. The effectiveness of the method has been proven by several authors, but some limitations also exists. In this work, this procedure has been tested in glacial and periglacial landforms in five different massifs in the province of León (northwestern Spain): Vizcodillo, Arcos del Agua, Muxivén, San Isidro and Peña Pieta. Tested landforms include moraines, rock glaciers, polished outcrops, talus slopes, blockfields and a debris avalanche. Quartzite has been widely used for this purpose, but granodiorite, shales and sandstones have also been tested. Results show that Schmidt-hammer data generally agree with geomorphological reconstructions. They also show strong correlation with cosmic-ray exposure ages where they exist. Rebound values are high, ranging from ≈70-72 in the oldest landforms (last glacial stage) to ≈77-80 in the most recent ones, with small differences within massifs.In Vizcodillo, four glacial stages have been clearly differentiated since the last local glacial maximum. In Arcos del Agua, periglacial deposits show two different stages of rock glaciers generation and a progressively younger age for different talus slopes related to deglaciation. At both sites, the blockfields are younger than rock glaciers. In Muxivén, Schmidt-hammer data agree with the cosmic-ray exposure dating results, indicating that most of the postglacial deposits were generated due to rapid deglaciation during the Bølling-Allerød period. In San Isidro, the results show two possible stages for rock glaciers. In Peña Prieta, different glacial and periglacial deposits were tested, but poor results were obtained.Relevant differences have been observed depending on the lithology. The mean coefficient of variation in the rebound values of the boulders was 3.1% in Arcos del Agua (quartzite), 3.5% in Vizcodillo (quartzite), 3.8% in Muxivén (quartzite), 4.7% in San Isidro (quartzite sandstones), but 9.9% in Peña Prieta (granodiorite). The differences between boulders of the same landform were also clearly greater in Peña Prieta than in the other massifs, with the quarzitic areas showing the most robust results. Although it has been used in previous works with good results, in this study granodiorite presented a significant dispersion in the rebound values of the boulders, due to the fact that its internal composition is coarse-grained and presents grains with different resistance. Shales could not be correctly tested because they offered great dispersion in the data. The results addressed the importance of selecting suitable and comparable areas on boulder surfaces for Schmidt-hammer impacts, with resistant and homogeneous lithology showing better results. Conversely, areas with high lithological heterogeneity or coarse-grained boulders may not to be suitable for the Schmidt-hammer method. Further surface exposure dating is needed to establish a calibration curve in this area.

espanolLas complicaciones del embarazo y el parto son una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva (15 a 44 anos) de los paises menos desarrollados. Ademas, estan estrechamente asociadas a la mortalidad fetal y a condiciones precarias de salud y crecimiento para los ninos. En la mayor parte de las gestaciones de riesgo, el momento mas adecuado para iniciar el control del bienestar fetal se situa en torno a las 32-34 semanas. No obstante, en situaciones de riesgo muy elevado materno fetal -preeclampsia precoz, retraso del crecimiento intraute1ino precoz se puede iniciar en la semana 26-24. El monitoreo electronico fetal anteparto consiste en la valoracion de los latidos cardiacos fetales a traves de un registro continuo de los latidos cardiacos fetales, a traves de un monitor, quien se encarga de graficar la frecuencia cardiaca fetal por un tiempo no menor a 20 minutos, en el queda plasmado todas las caracteristicas, que nos permite cuantificar los elementos de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal, que a la interpretacion nos dara un diagnostico. La metodologia de la investigacion es una revision bibliografica, apoyada en medios electronicos, como fuente primaria de la obtencion de la informacion. Son muchos los factores de riesgo a la que puede estar sometida una mujer embarazada, desde factores geneticos hasta factores de salud pre existentes como obesidad, diabetes, hiperten-sion, entre otras; que pueden convertir un embarazo en alto riesgo, y es asi, ya que el nacimiento del feto, puede estar comprometido, dependiendo de riesgo que presente la mujer embarazada. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos riesgos, hay herramientas que pueden ayudar de una manera temprana y a tiempo a sobrellevar un embarazo de alto riesgo para que este pueda llegar a termino, como es la valoracion fetal anteparto por medio del monitoreo, que mide los valores de los latidos cardiacos fetales a traves de un registro continuo y disminuir complicaciones tales como: convulsiones neonatales, paralisis cerebral o muerte fetal ante e intraparto, mientras disminuye la necesidad de intervenciones obstetricas innecesarias (parto vaginal instrumentado o cesarea). EnglishComplications of pregnancy and childbirth are one of the leading causes of death and disability among women of repro-ductive age (15-44 years) in less developed countries. In addition, they are closely associated with fetal mortality and poor health and growth conditions for children. In most high-risk pregnancies, the best time to start monitoring fetal well-being is around 32-34 weeks. However, in situations of very high maternal-fetal risk - early pre-eclampsia, early intrauterine growth retardation, can begin at week 26-24. Antepartum electronic fetal monitoring consists of evaluating the fetal heartbeat through a continuous recording of the fetal heartbeat, through a monitor, which is in charge of graphing the fetal heart rate for a time not less than 20 minutes, In it, all the characteristics are captured, which allows us to quantify the elements of the fetal heart rate, which will give us a diagnosis upon interpretation. The research methodology is a bibliographic review, supported by electronic media, as the primary source for obtaining information. There are many risk factors that a pregnant woman may be subjected to, from genetic factors to pre-existing health factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, among others; that can turn a pregnancy into high risk, and this is the case, since the birth of the fetus may be compro-mised, depending on the risk presented by the pregnant woman. However, despite these risks, there are tools that can help early and in time to cope with a high-risk pregnancy so that it can reach term, such as antepartum fetal evaluation through monitoring, which measures the values fetal heartbeat through continuous recording and reduce complications such as: neonatal seizures, cerebral palsy or fetal death before and intrapartum, while reducing the need for unnecessary obstetric interventions (instrumented vaginal delivery or cesarean section).

Here, a new gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-APPI-HRMS) method combined with selective pressurized liquid extraction (sPLE) has been developed for the selective determination of Dechlorane Plus (DP) and its related compounds in gull egg samples used as a bioindicator of contamination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these compounds have been analyzed by GC-MS using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Negative ion dopant-assisted APPI using vapors of diethyl ether and a source temperature of 250 °C provided high ionization efficiencies and mass spectra characterized by intense in-source fragment ions as well as the presence of molecular ion and characteristic cluster ions containing oxygen atoms in their chemical structure. This made it possible to improve the selectivity in the determination of these compounds compared to that obtained with traditional GC-MS ion sources. Under optimized conditions, the sPLE GC-APPI-HRMS (Orbitrap) method provided high recoveries (> 91%), good precisions (RSD%, This work received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the project PGC2018-095013-B-I00 and PID2019-105732GB-C21, as well as the Generalitat of Catalonia under the project 2017-SGR-310 and the Spanish Autonomous Organism of National Parks under the project 2012/768. Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera received PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU14/05539).