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Magneto-ionics, which deals with the change of magnetic properties through voltage-driven ion migration, is expected to be one of the emerging technologies to develop energy-efficient spintronics. While a precise modulation of magnetism is achieved when voltage is applied, much more uncontrolled is the spontaneous evolution of magneto-ionic systems upon removing the electric stimuli (i.e., post-stimulated behavior). Here, we demonstrate a voltage-controllable N ion accumulation effect at the outer surface of CoN films adjacent to a liquid electrolyte, which allows for the control of magneto-ionic properties both during and after voltage pulse actuation (i.e., stimulated and post-stimulated behavior, respectively). This effect, which takes place when the CoN film thickness is below 50 nm and the voltage pulse frequency is at least 100 Hz, is based on the trade-off between generation (voltage ON) and partial depletion (voltage OFF) of ferromagnetism in CoN by magneto-ionics. This novel effect may open opportunities for new neuromorphic computing functions, such as post-stimulated neural learning under deep sleep., Financial support by the European Research Council (MAGIC-SWITCH 2019-Proof of Concept Grant, Agreement No. 875018), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (European Training Network, BeMAGIC ETN/ITN Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant No. 861145; and Integrated Infrastructure, RADIATE, grant No. 824096), the Spanish Government (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R, PID2020-116844RB-C21 and PDC2021-121276-C3), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-292 and 2018-LLAV-00032), the European Regional Development Fund (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R and 2018-LLAV-00032) and the KU Leuven (BOF program) is acknowledged. A. Q. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (FUNFUTURE CEX2019-000917-S) and the Juan de la Cierva formación contract (FJC2019-039780-I). J. S. thanks the Spanish Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (FNMT) for fruitful discussions. The XAS measurements were performed at BL29-BOREAS beamline at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff. We acknowledge service from MiNa Laboratory at IMN, and funding from CM (project S2018/NMT-4291 TEC2SPACE), MINECO (project CSIC13-4E-1794) and EU (FEDER, FSE). E. M. is a Serra Húnter Fellow., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).

The layered structure of superconducting cuprates is considered to be a key ingredient to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures. In this work, we investigate the possibility of doping the SrCuO2 infinite-layer compound by inserting additional oxygen into its structure. We observe that the infinite-layer SrCuO2 structure is epitaxially stabilized in thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition in pure O2. Increasing the oxidizing power by introducing ozone during the growth leads to a different phase with an elongated c axis. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis suggests that the films with an elongated c axis are composed of SrCuO2.5 blocks separated by SrCuO2 layers arranged to match the substrate spacing. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that this SrCuO2+δ phase is associated with a more isotropic Cu orbital configuration and hole doping. This hole doping leads to a dramatic reduction in the resistivity of the films, with a magnitude that depends on the precise oxygen content in the structure., This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation—Division II (Grant No. 200020_179155) and by the European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, Grant No. FP7/2007–2013 and ERC Grant Agreement No. 319286 (Q-MAC). M.G. and G.D.L. acknowledge support by the Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant No. PP00P2_170564

In Mediterranean high mountain environments, the snow accumulation/melting regime determines the surface water balance, redistributing the fractions of infiltration/runoff and evaporation from the ground and conditioning the volume circulating in the river channels. Therefore, the snow cover adds another degree of complexity to the precipitation-flow relationships in these systems (e.g., rain-on-snow events). Thus, a process-oriented approach is necessary when studying these relationships.The definition of indicators derived from satellite remote information is a widespread technique in the characterization of the hydrological state of a basin. Previous studies in these areas have identified the state of vegetation, through its vigorousness using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), as a good indicator for the characterization of soil water content at the beginning of the hydrological year (Gómez-Giráldez et al., 2014).Therefore, in this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between changes in the state of watershed vegetation and flow variations in snow-influenced watersheds as additional information to anticipate downstream seasonal inputs using previous remote sensing information. For this purpose, a 20-year series of daily flow rates at a gauged point in the Guadalfeo river basin, one of the headwater catchments of the Sierra Nevada National and Natural Paro river was used, together with meteorological time series and the simulation of snowpack water flows using the physical-based model SNOWMED. Hence, two flow events are selected: i) rainfall-runoff events and ii) melt-runoff events. The vegetation dynamics in the basin is analyzed through variations of NDVI, derived from Landsat data (TM and ETM+) during the same study period.From the analysis, the lags between the local change in NDVI, the loss of snow-covered area at the headwaters and the occurrence of melt or mixed flow events allow us to establish the onset of the generalized melt state in the basin, as well as to estimate threshold antecedent states. The results deepen the understanding of the hydrological dynamics in the basin, as well as the capacity of the NDVI as a tracer of the hydrographs associated with the generalized states of melting in Mediterranean mountain basins.

Weather data are one of the most consumed daily information by society. In mountain areas in Mediterranean basins, besides the general interest, the occurrence and persistence of snow constitute a key issue for water management, since different accumulation-ablation cycles during the cold season largely influence the fluvial regime with strong differences on an annual basis.The Global Monitoring System SNOWMED in Sierra Nevada is a web-based service that provides the general public with free quasi-real time snow-related information. Based on the distributed physically-based snow model, SNOWMED, a high resolution multiscale scheme developed to solve the energy and water balance equations in the snowpack in Mediterranean mountain areas, the GMS communicates with the weather network and updates the simulation by SNOWMED on a daily basis, and retrieves selected information from the observations and results that is presented in a readable and straightforward format. Besides static information on the location and characteristics of the network, the model, and the research work that feeds the service, the target variables provided areDaily values of weather variables (tables, and last 10-day graphical display) and statistics (on-going month and hydrological year) Access to real-time images by web cameras Current water volume in the snowpack in contributing areas to selected control points, and over the whole area of Sierra Nevada (table) and SWE distribution (graph from 30x30 m simulated maps) Snowmelt cumulative volume (last 24 hours) from the contributing areas to selected control points in the river network, and aggregated over the whole area of Sierra Nevada, and distributed snowmelt daily (last 24 hours) fluxes (graph from 30x30 m simulated maps) Since 2017, beyond the increasing number of visitors, the Water Authorities in this area regularly use the information as an early-predictor of weekly inflows to reservoirs and the recession periods after peak accumulations of snow, and report situations when simulations do not adequately match the observed flows. GMS-SNOWMED has proven to be an efficient tool not only to share the research work carried out in this area with citizens, but also to foster two-way transfer of knowledge, in a clear example of open-science for society.

Single-cell profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as part of a minimally invasive liquid biopsy presents an opportunity to characterize and monitor tumor heterogeneity and evolution in individual patients. In this study, we aimed to compare single-cell copy number variation (CNV) data with tissue and define the degree of intra- and inter-patient genomic heterogeneity. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) whole-genome CNV analysis of 125 single CTCs derived from seven patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) alongside matched white blood cells (WBC), formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and fresh frozen (FF) samples. CTC CNV profiling demonstrated recurrent chromosomal alterations in previously reported NEN copy number hotspots, including the prognostically relevant loss of chromosome 18. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed CTCs with distinct clonal lineages as well as significant intra- and inter-patient genomic heterogeneity, including subclonal alterations not detectable by bulk analysis and previously unreported in NEN. Notably, we also demonstrated the presence of genomically distinct CTCs according to the enrichment strategy utilized (EpCAM-dependent vs size-based). This work has significant implications for the identification of therapeutic targets, tracking of evolutionary change, and the implementation of CTC-biomarkers in cancer.

The endoscopic transorbital approach (eTOA) is a new mini-invasive procedure used to explore different areas of the skull base. Authors propose an extradural anterior clinoidectomy (AC) through this corridor, defining the anatomical landmarks of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) projection onto the posterior orbit wall and the technical feasibility of this approach. We describe the exposure of the opticocarotid region and the surgical freedom and the angles of attack obtained with this novel approach. Five cadaver heads underwent an eTOA at the Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy of the University of Barcelona. A step-by-step description of the extradural endoscopic transorbital clinoidectomy was provided. A volumetric analysis of the morphometrics characteristics of the sphenoid wings was evaluated before and after dissection using CT scans. Pterional approach was performed to ascertain ACP removal. In all the specimens, it was possible to resect the ACP endo-orbitally aiming an optimal optic canal (OC) unroofing. The surface of the triangle corresponding to the ACP projection onto the posterior orbit wall was 0.42 ± 0.20 cm2. The drilled area to perform the extradural clinoidectomy via eTOA was 3.11 ± 2.27 cm2, and the volume of bone removal corresponding to the greater sphenoid wing (GSW) and lesser sphenoid wing (LSW) was 2.55 ± 1.41 and 0.26 ± 0.18 cm3 respectively. The area of surgical freedom provided by the eTOA was (3.11 ± 2.27cm2), and the angles of attack were 21.39 ± 9.13° in the horizontal axel and 30.63 ± 18.51° in the vertical. The described extradural anterior clinoidectomy by eTOA uses specific landmarks to localize the ACP on the posterior orbit wall. Resection of the ACP is a technically feasible approach, achieving the main goals of any clinoidectomy.

PurposeSearching, identifying and analysing the scientific literature on “corporate communication” published in scientific journals during the twenty-first century (2000–2021) and indexed in the Scopus database, as well as its possible relationship with COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachA systematic bibliographic search was carried out in Scopus and a subsequent analysis of the literature, based on variables such as year of publication, authorship, original language of the text, most used terms and concepts, journal titles, keywords and possible allusions to COVID-19 or the pandemic.Findings2023 results were initially identified, but after applying the filters that limited the results in time (2000–2021) and discriminated—according to the type of document—the results only to scientific articles, the sample finally analysed was 1,280 articles relating to “corporate communication”. It was found that these were mainly published in journals such as Corporate Communications and Journal of Communication Management, in English, and with an accentuated thematic dispersion, but mostly related to public relations, advertising and communication in general.Originality/valueThere is an article published in 2012, before the COVID-19 pandemic, in the Italian journal Igiene e sanità publica, which already established the relevance of researching the challenges and solutions to communication risks in health crisis situations.

Young adolescents and pre-adolescents are the population most vulnerable to disorders derived from a distorted Body Image (BI). In this study, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSR®, was adapted and validated for young Spanish people between 9 and 16 years old.719 young people of both sexes participated. The internal structure, the invariance of the measure according to sex and age, and evidence of validity and reliability of the measure were examined.the dimensional model found in adults was not replicated in young people. The simplest, best-fitting BI construct in young people, examined from the perspective of the BI construct contained in the MBSRQ®, consisted of 20 items in 4 differentially correlated factors. The internal consistency of the factors contained in the MBSRQ-SA-a was shown to be satisfactory, as was the evidence of concurrent validity. Factor invariance was demonstrated as a function of gender and three age groups.the MBSRQ-SA-a is reliable and valid for the study of BI in young people aged 9-16 years to the extent permitted by the content of the 4 factors making it up.

The study of magnetic order in few- and monolayer van der Waals materials poses a challenge to the most commonly employed magnetic characterization techniques as they normally lack magnetic sensitivity and/or lateral resolution enabling their thickness-dependent probing. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, carried out at the Cr L 2 , 3 and Te M 5 edges, for the study of the ferromagnetic semiconductor CrSiTe3 (CST) in the form of single- and few-layer flakes. By scanning the sample under the incident x-ray beam, a map of the exfoliated system was obtained, which reproduced the optical micrographs showing the detailed distribution and thicknesses of the flakes. In this way, XAS/XMCD was performed at selected sample areas, revealing the thickness-resolved spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the flakes, such as the spin and orbital magnetic moments. The spin moment, in line with the saturation field, is decreasing with film thickness, revealing a single-domain and out-of-plane magnetization for the thinnest films. For CST, the electronic properties are governed by the strong covalent bond between the Cr 3d(e g ) and Te 5p states, giving rise to a superexchange scenario. We observed a gradually increasing ratio of orbital to spin moment for thinner flakes, which could be due to a further increase of the covalent mixing. Hysteresis loops were recorded at the Cr L 3 edge, showing an open loop for 10 down to ∼3 layers, while the bulk shows a wasp-waist shaped loop. With the transition temperature from the soft to the hard ferromagnetic state decreasing with thickness, the monolayer shows a narrowed, closed loop at 10 K, suggesting its transition temperature > 10 K. Our study demonstrates the unique capabilities of XAS/XMCD for the study of few-layer van der Waals magnets, highlighting the interplay between electron correlation and ferromagnetism in CST.

Utilizing the magnetostrictive properties of CoFe2O4, we demonstrate reversible room temperature control of the Ti electronic structure in SrTiO3–CoFe2O4 heterostructures, by inducing local and reversible strain in the SrTiO3. By means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we have ascertained the changes that take place in the energy levels of the Ti 3d orbitals under the influence of an external magnetic field. The observed Ti electronic state when the sample is subjected to moderately large external magnetic fields and the disappearance of the induced phase upon their removal indicates lattice distortions that are suggestive of the development of a net electric polarization., We show reversible room temperature control of the Ti band structure in SrTiO3–CoFe2O4 heterostructures exploiting CoFe2O4 magnetostriction. Changes as a function of the applied magnetic field suggest the development of a net electric polarization.

espanolIntroduccion y objetivo: La patologia cronica de la via lagrimal es frecuente en nuestros dias, y su tratamiento quirurgico se realiza mediante tecnicas de dacriocistorrinostomia (DCR), pudiendo ser por abordaje externo o endonasal. El objetivo de dicho articulo, es la realizacion de una revision de la DCR endoscopica, sus indicaciones, tecnica quirurgica y las posibles complicaciones: Metodo: Revision narrativa. Resultados y conclusiones: La tasa de exito obtenida con un abordaje endonasal endoscopico, es muy similar al de la DCR externa, considerada el ‘’gold standard’’; ofreciendo ventajas respecto a esta como la ausencia de cicatriz facial y evitar la manipulacion canalicular, que puede llevar a posibles estenosis posteriores. La DCR endoscopica es una tecnica quirurgica relativamente sencilla y rapida para la que se necesita instrumental basico de cirugia endoscopica. Las posibles complicaciones son infrecuentes, y de facil control. estenosis. EnglishIntroduction and objective: Nowadays, chronic patology of nasolacrimal system is often diagnosed and its surgical treatment is performed using external or endoscopic dacryocystorhynostomy. This article will discuss the indications, surgical technique, and complications of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Method: narrative review. Results and conclusions: The result of this review concludes with a success rate obtained with endoscopic DCR like the gold standard, the external DCR, showing advantages over this as to avoid the facial scar and the canalicular manipulation with posterior stenosis. Endoscopic DCR is a simple and quick surgical procedure, which is carried out with basic endoscopic equipment. Complications are rare and easy to solve.

The GASH/Sal (Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster, Salamanca) is a model of audiogenic seizures with the epileptogenic focus localized in the inferior colliculus (IC). The sound-induced seizures exhibit a short latency (7–9 s), which implies innate protein disturbances in the IC as a basis for seizure susceptibility and generation. Here, we aim to study the protein profile in the GASH/Sal IC in comparison to controls. Protein samples from the IC were processed for enzymatic digestion and then analyzed by mass spectrometry in Data-Independent Acquisition mode. After identifying the proteins using the UniProt database, we selected those with differential expression and performed ontological analyses, as well as gene-protein interaction studies using bioinformatics tools. We identified 5254 proteins; among them, 184 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 126 upregulated and 58 downregulated proteins, and 10 of the DEPs directly related to epilepsy. Moreover, 12 and 7 proteins were uniquely found in the GASH/Sal or the control. The results indicated a protein profile alteration in the epileptogenic nucleus that might underlie the inborn occurring audiogenic seizures in the GASH/Sal model. In summary, this study supports the use of bioinformatics methods in proteomics to delve into the relationship between molecular-level protein mechanisms and the pathobiology of rodent models of audiogenic seizures.

En este trabajo hacemos una revisión de los estudios y líneas de investigación en sintaxis histórica del español referidas al período medieval y renacentista durante los últimos 30 años. Destacamos muy especialmente la figura de Rafael Lapesa, el gran impulsor de los estudios de sintaxis histórica en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado; la labor de Concepción Company, directora de la primera gran sintaxis histórica del español; y los trabajos reunidos en las actas de los distintos congresos internacionales de historia de la lengua española, que son un claro testimonio del desarrollo de los intereses en el campo de la historia del español en estos últimos años. Ponemos de relieve la importancia de la llegada de los corpus en línea, que han supuesto una renovación metodológica en los estudios históricos, y hacemos hincapié en algunas líneas de investigación fructíferas en las últimas décadas, como la investigación en los procesos de gramaticalización o en las tradiciones discursivas en relación con la sintaxis histórica. La interfaz sintaxis-pragmática y sintaxis-discurso muestra también prometedoras vías de desarrollo. In this paper we review the studies and lines of research in historical syntax of Spanish referring to the medieval and Renaissance period during the last 30 years. We particularly highlight the figure of Rafael Lapesa, the great promoter of historical syntax studies in the last decades of the last century, the work of Concepción Company, director of the first great historical syntax of Spanish and the works collected in the proceedings of the international congresses on the history of the Spanish language, which are a clear testimony to the development of different interests in the field of Spanish history in recent years. We emphasize the importance of the arrival of online corpus, which has meant a methodological renovation in historical studies, and we point out some fruitful lines of research in recent decades, such as research on grammaticalization processes or on discursive traditions in relation to historical syntax. The syntax-pragmatic and syntax-discourse interface also shows promising development paths.

A total of 251 Dura cross Pisifera (DxP) hybrid palms from six populations descending from six parental African Pisifera origins and involving 12 progenies were analyzed with 19 selected Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. A total of 110 alleles were produced, ranging from three to eight per SSR, with a mean of 5.8 alleles per SSR locus. Of these, 68.5% were considered shared alleles by more than one population and the remaining 31.5% were population specific alleles. They generated between six and 21 haplotypes in all populations, and depending on the SSR marker, between one and 10 haplotypes within populations. Various parameters for analyzing genetic variability, differentiation and genetic structure were computed using GenAlEx, Structure and Darwin software. The obtained results confirmed microsatellites as a robust, feasible and trustful method for obtaining DNA fingerprints, tracing the source of oil palm samples. With respect to the authenticity of materials or for solving legitimacy issues, accession belonging to each population by SSR markers could be distinguished, but additional SSR should be screened for improving this process.

In the literature, event metonymies have been used to explain how language users produce and interpret utterances in which certain events are understood in terms of their sub-events or the overall/...

Purpose: Immune dysregulation is described in multiple myeloma. While preclinical models suggest a role for altered T-cell immunity in disease progression, the contribution of immune dysfunction to clinical outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to characterize marrow-infiltrating T cells in newly diagnosed patients and explore associations with outcomes of first-line therapy. Experimental Design: We undertook detailed characterization of T cells from bone marrow (BM) samples, focusing on immune checkpoints and features of immune dysfunction, correlating with clinical features and progression-free survival. Results: We found that patients with multiple myeloma had greater abundance of BM regulatory T cells (Tregs) which, in turn, expressed higher levels of the activation marker CD25 compared with healthy donors. Patients with higher frequencies of Tregs had shorter PFS and a distinct Treg immune checkpoint profile (increased PD-1, LAG-3) compared with patients with lower frequencies of Tregs. Analysis of CD4 and CD8 effectors revealed that low CD4effector (CD4eff):Treg ratio and increased frequency of PD-1–expressing CD4eff cells were independent predictors of early relapse over and above conventional risk factors, such as genetic risk and depth of response. Ex vivo functional analysis and RNA sequencing revealed that CD4 and CD8 cells from patients with greater abundance of CD4effPD-1+ cells displayed transcriptional and secretory features of dysfunction. Conclusions: BM-infiltrating T-cell subsets, specifically Tregs and PD-1–expressing CD4 effectors, negatively influence clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed patients. Pending confirmation in larger cohorts and further mechanistic work, these immune parameters may inform new risk models, and present potential targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.

Complex oxides show extreme sensitivity to structural distortions and defects, and the intricate balance of competing interactions which emerge at atomically defined interfaces may give rise to unexpected physics. In the interfaces of non-magnetic complex oxides, one of the most intriguing properties is the emergence of magnetism which is sensitive to chemical defects. Particularly, it is unclear which defects are responsible for the emergent magnetic interfaces. Here, we show direct and clear experimental evidence, supported by theoretical explanation, that the B-site cation stoichiometry is crucial for the creation and control of magnetism at the interface between non-magnetic ABO3-perovskite oxides, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. We find that consecutive defect formation, driven by atomic charge compensation, establishes the formation of robust perpendicular magnetic moments at the interface. Our observations propose a route to tune these emerging magnetoelectric structures, which are strongly coupled at the polar-nonpolar complex oxide interfaces., In the interfaces of non-magnetic complex oxides, it is unclear which defects are responsible for the magnetic interfaces. Here, the authors find the B-site cation stoichiometry is crucial for the creation and control of magnetism at the interface between non-magnetic ABO3-perovskite oxides.

We study in this article the creation of the interjection ahí va!, which has its origin in the reduction of larger sentences in which someone or something that attracts attention and causes surprise to the speaker is highlighted (“ahí va la loca”, etc.). The elision of the subject of the verb ir, which expressed the element that causes surprise, gives rise to exclamative constructions that are fixed as a unitary sequence, in which there is a process of univerbation. We find a process of grammaticalization by pragmaticalization. The interjection ahí va! seems to have arisen in the nineteenth century and constitutes a development of Peninsular Spanish., Estudiamos en este artículo la creación de la interjección ¡ahí va!, procedente de la reducción de secuencias oracionales más amplias en las que se señala a alguien o algo que llama la atención y produce sorpresa en el hablante (“ahí va la loca”, etc.). La elisión del sujeto del verbo ir, que expresaba el elemento que produce la sorpresa, da lugar a construcciones de carácter exclamativo que se fijan como secuencia unitaria, en la que se da un proceso de univerbación y de gramaticalización por pragmaticalización. Esta interjección parece haber surgido en el siglo XIX y constituye un desarrollo propio del español peninsular.

We study in this article the creation of the interjection ahí va!, which has its origin in the reduction of larger sentences in which someone or something that attracts attention and causes surprise to the speaker is highlighted (“ahí va la loca”, etc.). The elision of the subject of the verb ir, which expressed the element that causes surprise, gives rise to exclamative constructions that are fixed as a unitary sequence, in which there is a process of univerbation. We find a process of grammaticalization by pragmaticalization. The interjection ahí va! seems to have arisen in the nineteenth century and constitutes a development of Peninsular Spanish.

Stacking faults are ubiquitous structural defects in YBa2Cu3O7 high-Tc superconductors. Far from being detrimental, the control of the defect landscape, i.e., the length, density, and distribution of YBa2Cu4Oy (Y124) intergrowths, changing the nanostrain of the material can be used to enhance the vortex pinning properties of the superconductor, as required for applications. Recently, the use of advanced scanning transmission electronic microscopy has unveiled the presence of complex point nanodefects (clusters of Cu and O vacancies) within Y124, with an associated magnetic moment predicted by density functional calculations. In this work, we investigate the nature of defect-driven embedded magnetism in YBCO samples (thin films, nanocomposites, and a single crystal) containing different distributions of Y124 intergrowths using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The dichroic Cu signal correlates with the density of Y124 intergrowths, demonstrating the defect-driven origin of the embedded magnetism. Remarkably, a Cu XMCD signal is observed even in the single crystal, associated with the small presence of defects at the surface. Our work thus demonstrates the ubiquity of embedded magnetism in YBCO associated with faulted Y124 defects., We thank G. Nieva from Centro Atómico de Bariloche for YBCO single-crystal supply, and S. Hartman and R. Mishra from Oak Ridge National Laboratory for discussions on DFT simulations. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Grant SEV-2015-0496), COACHSUPERENERGY (Grant MAT2014-51778-C2-1-R), SUMATE Project RTI2018-095853-B-C21, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, COST-Nanohybri CA16218, DWARFS project (Grant MAT2017-83468-R) and Catalan Government with Grant 2017-SGR-1519. The XMCD experiments were performed at the BOREAS beamline of the ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility with the collaboration of ALBA staff. The STEM microscopy work was conducted in “Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas” at the Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza. We acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise. STEM-EELS analysis was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. J.G. also acknowledges the Ramón y Cajal program (Grant RYC-2012-11709).

Extensive genetic and epigenetic variegation has been demonstrated in many malignancies. Importantly, their interplay has the potential to contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. To shed light on the complex relationships between these different sources of intra-tumour heterogeneity, we explored their relative contributions to the evolutionary dynamics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome, which has particularly poor prognosis. We quantified the tumour propagating potential of genetically distinct sub-clones using serial transplantation assays and SNP-arrays. While most leukaemias were characterized by a single dominant subclone, others were highly heterogeneous. Importantly, we provide clear and direct evidence that genotypes and phenotypes with functional relevance to leukemic progression and treatment resistance can co-segregate within the disease. Hence, individual genetic lesions can be restricted to well-defined cell immunophenotypes, corresponding to different stages of the leukemic differentiation hierarchy and varied proliferation potentials. As a result of this difference in fitness, which can be accurately quantified via competitive transplantation assays, matching diagnostic, post-treatment, and relapse leukemias can be dominated by different genotypes, including pre-leukemic clones persisting throughout the disease progression and treatment. Intriguingly, plasticity also appears to be a temporally defined property that can segregate with genotype. These results suggest that Down Syndrome ALL should be viewed as a complex matrix of cells exhibiting genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity that foster extensive clonal evolution and competition. Therapeutic intervention reshapes this ‘eco-system’ and may provide the right conditions for the preferential expansion of selected compartments and subsequently relapse.

La rendición de cuentas de los medios de comunicación constituye en un mecanismo de transparencia y proximidad con las audiencias para avanzar hacia la participación, pluralidad y diversidad, se sustenta en la ética y se complementa con normas para procurar modelos de corregulación. La presente investigación toma la tipología de instrumentos propuesta en el proyecto MediaACES para establecer la percepción de los periodistas y los ciudadanos ecuatorianos sobre los instrumentos de rendición de cuentas impulsados de forma interna y externa a los medios de comunicación social. El análisis es de tipo descriptivo y relacional, se emplea metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa a través de encuestas y un foro de discusión virtual. Los instrumentos de rendición de cuentas más apreciados son los tradicionales externos a las empresas de medios tanto en autorregulación, participación y transparencia, se aprecia la intención de emplear aquellos mecanismos de amplio conocimiento a través de los cuales los medios pueden mostrar sus buenas prácticas, se evidencia además una fuerte impregnación de la Ley de Participación respecto a la rendición de cuentas, se la concibe como un deber legal, en ello influye lo sucedido con la Superintendencia de Comunicación durante el gobierno del presidente Rafael Correa. Media accountability is a mechanism for transparency and proximity to audiences, enhancing participation, plurality, and diversity; it is based on ethics and is complemented by standards to ensure co-regulatory models. This research employs the typology of instruments proposed in the MediaACES project to establish the perception of journalists and Ecuadorian citizens on the instruments of accountability promoted internally and externally to the media. The analysis is descriptive and relational, using qualitative and quantitative methodology by way of surveys and a virtual discussion forum. The most highly appreciated accountability instruments are the traditional ones external to the media companies in terms of self-regulation, participation and transparency; there is an intention to use those well-known mechanisms through which the media can demonstrate their good practice; there is also evidence of a strong influence of the Participation Law with respect to accountability, which is conceived as a legal duty, determined by what happened with the State Department of Communication during the government of President Rafael Correa.

Hybrid devices based on spin-crossover (SCO)/2D heterostructures grant a highly sensitive platform to detect the spin transition in the molecular SCO component and tune the properties of the 2D material. However, the fragility of the SCO materials upon thermal treatment, light irradiation or contact with surfaces and the methodologies used for their processing have limited their applicability. Here, we report an easily processable and robust SCO/2D hybrid device with outstanding performance based on the sublimable SCO [Fe(Pyrz)2] molecule deposited over CVD-graphene, which is fully compatible with electronics industry protocols. Thus, a novel methodology based on growing an elusive polymorph of [Fe(Pyrz)2] (tetragonal phase) over graphene is developed that allows us to electrically detect a fast and effective light-induced spin transition in the devices (~50% yield in 5 minutes). Such performance can be enhanced even more when a flexible polymeric layer of PMMA is inserted in between the two active components in a contactless configuration, reaching a ~100 % yield in 5 minutes., 25 pages, 5 figures

Purpose: The immune tumor microenvironment and the potential therapeutic opportunities for immunotherapy in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNET) have not been fully defined. Experimental Design: Herein, we studied 40 patients with primary and synchronous metastatic siNETs, and matched blood and normal tissue obtained during surgery. We interrogated the immune checkpoint landscape using multi-parametric flow cytometry. In addition, matched FFPE tissue was obtained for multi-parametric IHC to determine the relative abundance and distribution of T-cell infiltrate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was also assessed and correlated with immune infiltration. Results: Effector tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) had a higher expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment compared with the periphery. In addition, CD8+ TILs had a significantly higher co-expression of PD-1/ICOS and PD-1/CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and higher levels of PD-1 expression compared with normal tissue. IHC revealed that the majority of cases have ≤10% intra-tumoral T cells but a higher number of peri-tumoral T cells, demonstrating an “exclusion” phenotype. Finally, we confirmed that siNETs have a low TMB compared with other tumor types in the TCGA database but did not find a correlation between TMB and CD8/Treg ratio. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that a combination therapy approach will be required to enhance the immune response, using PD-1 as a checkpoint immunomodulator backbone in combination with other checkpoint targeting molecules (CTLA-4 or ICOS), or with drugs targeting other pathways to recruit “excluded” T cells into the tumor microenvironment to treat patients with siNETs.

The ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.50}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.50}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ perovskite exhibits unique magnetostructural properties among the rest of ferromagnetic (FM)/metallic $L{n}_{0.50}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.50}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ compounds. The sudden orthorhombic-tetragonal $(Imma\ensuremath{\rightarrow}I4/mcm)$ structural transition produces an unusual magnetic behavior vs temperature and external magnetic fields. The symmetry change is responsible for a spontaneous spin rotation in this metallic oxide. We have studied half-doped $L{n}_{0.50}{({\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x})}_{0.50}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ cobaltites varying the ionic radius ${r}_{A}$ of A-site cations (divalent cations and lanthanides) to complete the T-${r}_{A}$ phase diagram. The influence of the structural distortion and the A-cation size for the occurrence of a spontaneous spin reorientation in the metallic state has been investigated. As the magnetization reorientation is driven by the temperature-induced collapse of the orthorhombic distortion, a careful investigation of the structural symmetry is presented, varying the structural distortion of the Sr-rich half-doped cobaltites by means of both compositional and temperature changes. The region in the phase diagram of these FM/metallic cobaltites where $F{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}m$ magnetic symmetry replaces $I{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}a$ was determined. In that region, the magnetization direction has rotated 45 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} within the $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}b$ plane from the former to the latter.

Recent developments in attosecond technology led to table-top x-ray spectroscopy in the soft x-ray range, thus uniting the element- and state-specificity of core-level x-ray absorption spectroscopy with the time resolution to follow electronic dynamics in real-time. We describe recent work in attosecond technology and investigations into materials such as Si, SiO2, GaN, Al2O3, Ti, and TiO2, enabled by the convergence of these two capabilities. We showcase the state-of-the-art on isolated attosecond soft x-ray pulses for x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to observe the 3d-state dynamics of the semi-metal TiS2 with attosecond resolution at the Ti L-edge (460 eV). We describe how the element- and state-specificity at the transition metal L-edge of the quantum material allows us to unambiguously identify how and where the optical field influences charge carriers. This precision elucidates that the Ti:3d conduction band states are efficiently photo-doped to a density of 1.9 × 1021 cm−3. The light-field induces coherent motion of intra-band carriers across 38% of the first Brillouin zone. Lastly, we describe the prospects with such unambiguous real-time observation of carrier dynamics in specific bonding or anti-bonding states and speculate that such capability will bring unprecedented opportunities toward an engineered approach for designer materials with pre-defined properties and efficiency. Examples are composites of semiconductors and insulators like Si, Ge, SiO2, GaN, BN, and quantum materials like graphene, transition metal dichalcogens, or high-Tc superconductors like NbN or LaBaCuO. Exiting are prospects to scrutinize canonical questions in multi-body physics, such as whether the electrons or lattice trigger phase transitions.

Palm oil has supplied more than 30% of vegetable oil consumption worldwide. Rising demand has pushed oil palm plantations to increase the yield. It is well known that genetic has played a significant role in phenotypic performance. Moreover, in recent years, genomic data has emerged tremendously. Unfortunately on the gene related to oil palm yield. Therefore, a preliminary study to classify and select oil palm candidate genes associated with characteristic by scanning existing genes in oil palm or other in-silico species were conducted. Based on Blast2Go results, 22 genes related to oil biosynthesis, two specifically related to fruit number and fruit weight were analysed. Furthermore, 19 candidate genes were able to amplify.

Over the last few years there has been a rapprochement between Cognitive Linguistics and semantic theories of humour based on the notion of script or frame. By drawing on Ritchie’s version of the theory of frame-shifting (2005) and reviewing the cognitive linguistic account of humour, we shall demonstrate how the interpretation of jokes containing a metaphor or a metonymy involves two cognitive-pragmatic tasks: the completion of the metaphorical/metonymic mapping that results in a new frame, and the resolution of the joke’s incongruity via a contrast with the surrounding frames of the joke. We also develop a classification of frame shifts according to their ontological structure (non-metaphorical/metonymic shifts and shifts based on metaphorical and/or metonymic reasoning) and the degree of the interpreter’s inferential activity (conceptual filling out and metaphor/metonymy replacement). In doing so, we attempt to identify some of the defining features of humorous metaphors and metonymies, as well as other phenomena that may also characterise jokes.

Sarimana U, Indarto N, Herrero J, Erika P, Wendra F, Zulhermana Z, Asmono D. 2019. Genetic diversity preliminary study of cameroon origin oil palm at PT. Binasawit Makmur. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):126-133. A plant breeding program needs genetic diversity information of germplasm, but the source of genetic diversity of oil palm plants in Indonesia is very narrow. In order to increase genetic diversity, the introduction of germplasm from Cameroon was conducted. The purpose of this study was to obtain a useful molecular marker in order to get genetic diversity information in Elaeis guinensis germplasm materials from Cameroon at PT. Binasawit Makmur (BSM). This preliminary research has been done in 2013. In this study, 300 samples of Cameroon oil palm DNA from 99 accessions and 10 samples DNA BSM material were analyzed by 9 microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat; SSR). The 9 SSR markers used were very informative and we obtained 93 alleles with an average of 10.33 alleles per locus. The value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was around 0.746-0.889. The total genetic diversity was relative high (HT = 0.814). The coordinate analysis showed no groups in both 99 accessions and BSM material. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 9 SSR markers could show the genetic diversity between the populations. To validate this fact, it needs further research using more molecular markers and samples.

Integrative analysis of multi-omics data is a powerful approach for gaining functional insights into biological and medical processes. Conducting these multifaceted analyses on human samples is often complicated by the fact that the raw sequencing output is rarely available under open access. The Personal Genome Project UK (PGP-UK) is one of few resources that recruits its participants under open consent and makes the resulting multi-omics data freely and openly available. As part of this resource, we describe the PGP-UK multi-omics reference panel consisting of ten genomic, methylomic and transcriptomic data. Specifically, we outline the data processing, quality control and validation procedures which were implemented to ensure data integrity and exclude sample mix-ups. In addition, we provide a REST API to facilitate the download of the entire PGP-UK dataset. The data are also available from two cloud-based environments, providing platforms for free integrated analysis. In conclusion, the genotype-validated PGP-UK multi-omics human reference panel described here provides a valuable new open access resource for integrated analyses in support of personal and medical genomics., Measurement(s)DNA methylation profiling data • whole genome sequencing assay • bisulfite sequencing assay • transcription profiling assayTechnology Type(s)DNA methylation profiling assay • DNA sequencing • RNA sequencingFactor Type(s)age • sex • smoking statusSample Characteristic - OrganismHomo sapiens Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9896405

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) maintains repression of cell-type-specific genes but also associates with genes ectopically in cancer. While it is currently unknown how PRC2 is removed from genes, such knowledge would be useful for the targeted reversal of deleterious PRC2 recruitment events. Here, we show that G-tract RNA specifically removes PRC2 from genes in human and mouse cells. PRC2 preferentially binds G tracts within nascent precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA), especially within predicted G-quadruplex structures. G-quadruplex RNA evicts the PRC2 catalytic core from the substrate nucleosome. In cells, PRC2 transfers from chromatin to pre-mRNA upon gene activation, and chromatin-associated G-tract RNA removes PRC2, leading to H3K27me3 depletion from genes. Targeting G-tract RNA to the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells reactivates the gene and induces senescence. These data support a model in which pre-mRNA evicts PRC2 during gene activation and provides the means to selectively remove PRC2 from specific genes.