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A theoretical density functional theory study has been performed on a family of cationic iridium(III) complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2(dtBubpy)]+ (dtBubpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine), that incorporate 2-phenylpyridine (1, 2) and 1-phenylpyrazole (3, 4) cyclometallating C^N ligands functionalized with SF5 groups. The goal is to investigate the effect that the inclusion of SF5 groups in meta (1, 3) and para position (2, 4) with respect to the Ir–C bond has on the electronic nature of the emitting triplet state and the emission wavelength. The attachment of the electron-withdrawing groups induces the stabilization of the molecular orbitals localized on the C^N ligands and, in particular, of the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). This stabilization enlarges the energy gap between the HOMO and the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and shifts to higher energies the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) triplet described by the HOMO → LUMO excitation. As a consequence, a triplet state of ligand-centered (LC) nature becomes the lowest-energy triplet excited state for all the four complexes. For complexes 1 and 2, the state is centered on the C^N ligands (3LCC^N) and the introduction of the SF5 groups in para causes a greater effect than their insertion in meta. Substitution of the pyridine ring by a pyrazole ring in complexes 3 and 4 destabilizes the 3LCC^N states and the lowest-energy triplet involves the diimine N^N ligand (3LCN^N). Theoretical calculations therefore predict that the electronic nature of the lowest-lying triplet drastically changes in passing from the unsubstituted complex (3MLCT) to complexes 1 and 2 (3LCC^N) and to complexes 3 and 4 (3LCN^N). These changes help to rationalize the aspect of the emission spectra and the shift to the blue of the emission wavelength. The appearance of low energy 3LC triplets centered on the ancillary ligand, whose energy is hardly affected by changes in the C^N ligands structure, constitutes a limit to blue-shift the phosphorescence emission in this kind of complexes.

The effect of sargassum particle size on the final properties of sargassum-modified asphalt is investigated in this article. Seaweed sargassum particles were first obtained and characterized through elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, pure and sargassum-modified asphalt blends were evaluated through physical and rheological tests such as penetration, softening point, thermal stability, dynamic viscosity, failure temperature, and epifluorescence microscopy. Modified asphalt blends were prepared by the hot mixing technique using different proportions of sargassum particles of two maximum sizes: 500 μm and 850 μm. Incorporating 3.0 wt.% of sargassum particles under 500 μm into the asphalt increased the viscosity of the original binder by a factor of 2.5 and its complex modulus by a factor of 1.9. At the same time, its failure temperature was 11 °C higher than the reference asphalt, which implies an improved viscoelastic behavior and rutting resistance at high temperatures. The study results suggest that the particles under 500 μm were responsible for the most significant effect on the final properties of the asphalt. Moreover, the storage stability test revealed that the modified asphalt blends are stable when the sargassum particle content was kept below 3.0 wt.%. The statistical analysis of the effect of sargassum particle size and concentration on the modified asphalt properties revealed that the rheological behavior is more affected by the modifier particle size, in contrast, the conventional physical properties were more determined by its concentration. Therefore, using low proportions of fine sargassum particles is efficient for improving the physical and rheological properties of the original asphalt, which is not only positive from the asphalt modification technology point of view but also from a sustainable perspective, since seaweed sargassum has become a useless plague in many coastal regions.

7,8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an abundant DNA lesion formed by oxidation of the nucleoside 2'-deoxyguanosine (2-dG) and one of the most studied and accepted oxidative stress biomarkers. 8-OHdG has a strong carcinogenic potential, and prolonged oxidative stress heightens pathological conditions and especially cancer risk. Our aim was to develop, validate and apply a reliable method to assess DNA oxidation in genomic cellular DNA of sensible target organs such as brain. A procedure to isolate and digest the DNA of brain tissue properly for further detection of 8-OHdG and 2-dG by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was optimized. The UPLC-MS/MS was validated following the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidelines using mice pups' brain samples. To demonstrate the applicability of the UPLC-MS/MS method, 8-OHdG/2-dG ratio was determined in brain tissue of 1 day old newborn mice pups (P1) in a model of hypoxia pre-conditioning during fetal-to-neonatal transition. We found that hypoxia at birth (FiO(2) 0.14) and for 8 h thereafter induced lower levels of DNA oxidation in mice pups and rendered even protective against a postnatal asphyxia/reoxygenation insult compared with fetal to neonatal transition in room air. We conclude that the UPLC-MS/MS method developed has proven suitable for the analysis of DNA oxidation biomarker 8-OHdG/2-dG ratio in tissue samples from newborn mice pups. We aim to apply this method in future studies aiming to provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of oxidation DNA caused during neonatal asphyxia and resuscitation.

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis, desde los planteamientos conceptuales de la etnomusicología y los estudios culturales, circunscrito a la Nueva visión antológica del cante y del toque (2019), con voz de Guillermo Cano y acompañamiento guitarrístico de Paco Cruzado. Para ello, se estudia el corpus integral, dividido en dos partes, tomando como eje vertebrador las fuentes y el tratamiento interpretativo a partir de la caracterización genérica de formas, modalidades y palos. This article offers an analysis, from the conceptual approaches of ethnomusicology and cultural studies, circumscribed to the Nueva visión antológica del cante y del toque (2019), with Guillermo Cano’s voice and guitar accompaniment by Paco Cruzado. For this, the integral corpus is studied, divided into two parts, taking as a vertebrate axis the sources and the interpretative treatment from the generic characterization of forms, modalities and styles. Cet article propose une analyse, à partir des approches conceptuelles de l’ethnomusicologie et des études culturelles, circonscrite à la Nueva visión antológica del cante y del toque (2019), avec la voix de Guillermo Cano et l’accompagnement de Paco Cruzado à la guitare. Pour cela, le corpus intégral est étudié, divisé en deux parties, prenant comme axe les sources et le traitement interprétatif à partir de la caractérisation générique des formes, des modalités et des styles.

El presente artículo ofrece un estudio circunscrito a la ópera Bruno o el Teatro de la Memoria en un trabajo conjunto, aunque inconcluso, realizado por el compositor madrileño Mauricio Sotelo y el poeta orensano José Ángel Valente. Para ello, se implementa una pluralidad metodológica con planteamientos epistemológicos procedentes del comparatismo, los estudios culturales y el análisis histórico-filológico. Además, se aplican conocimientos y categorías conceptuales adscritos a la crítica textual, así como de la filologia d’autore o génétique des textes a la hora de editar los estadios redaccionales de los fragmentos de la ópera y varias cartas con documentos que contextualizan el proceso de composición. En lo que atañe a los resultados, destaca principalmente el estudio analítico y edición de tales textos con noticias desconocidas. Entre estos datos, a modo de conclusión, cabe poner de relieve la pervivencia y notoriedad del pensamiento humanístico de Giordano Bruno en la génesis de la ópera y sus implicaciones creativas tanto en Sotelo como en Valente. Por último, mención especial merece, a efectos de performatividad y práctica escénica, la figura de Enrique Morente, sobre todo por la identificación simbólica entre el cantaor granadino y la figura del humanista napolitano en calidad de personaje de la ópera. This article offers a study dedicated to the opera Bruno o el Teatro de la Memoria in a joint, although not finished, work carried out by the composer from Madrid Mauricio Sotelo and the orensian poet José Ángel Valente. For this purpose, a methodological plurality is implemented with epistemological approaches from Comparatism, Cultural Studies and Historical-philological Analysis. In addition, knowledge and conceptual categories attached to textual criticism, as well as the filologia d’autore or génétique des textes are applied when editing the editorial stages of the fragments of the opera and various letters with documents that contextualize the process of composition. Among the results, it is worth highlighting especially the analytical study and editing of such texts with unknown news. Among these data, by way of conclusion, we must underline the survival and notoriety of Giordano Bruno’s humanistic thought in the genesis of the opera and its creative implications in both Sotelo and Valente. Finally, for the purposes of performance and stage practice, the figure of Enrique Morente deserves special mention, especially for the symbolic identification between the Grenadian cantaor and the figure of the Neapolitan humanist as an opera character.

Enseñar ciencias sociales en una perspectiva crítica hace que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar un tipo de pensamiento que les permite analizar, comprender y actuar sobre los problemas sociales. Desde esta premisa, el presente libro, sobre la memoria histórica y el pensamiento social en la enseñanza obligatoria, ofrece al profesorado un conjunto de planteamientos teóricos y experiencias realizadas en la educación básica y media y, enmarcadas en la perspectiva crítica de la didáctica de las ciencias sociales. Esta publicación es el resultado del trabajo de un grupo de maestras y profesorado quienes hicieron de la clase de ciencias sociales un espacio de diálogo, construcción y reflexión en el marco de procesos de investigación-acción en el aula. El libro busca contribuir al debate académico y social sobre el lugar de la memoria histórica en las instituciones educativas y la manera de abordarla en la clase de ciencias sociales, para que así los estudiantes aprendan a pensar el pasado y el presente desde una perspectiva crítica y, a imaginar y actuar en la construcción de un futuro en paz y con mayor justicia social.

espanolEl presente trabajo centra su objeto en el estudio de la variabilidad linguistica, conceptual y normativa derivada de la emergencia sanitaria producida por la subita aparicion de la enfermedad COVID-19, y la veloz transmision de esa variabilidad favorecida por las nuevas tecnologias de la informacion y comunicacion que permiten incluir novedosas narrativas periodisticas y comunicativas. Asi constatamos que a raiz de la emergencia sanitaria se ha multiplicado el empleo de las plataformas digitales al tiempo que se ha avanzado en la implantacion de la sociedad en red.Metodologicamente utilizaremos dos procedimientos, uno deductivo en el que estableceremos el marco teorico que sustenta la fluidez, permeabilidad y flexibilidad del lenguaje para adaptarse a novedosas situaciones, y otro inductivo en el que, partiendo de las categorias conceptuales emergentes, esbozaremos la implementacion de un corpus de palabras que posiblemente muchas de ellas queden incorporadas en el campo lexico de los hablantes en virtud de su cooperacion interactuante en el ecosistema digital. En paralelo, nos detendremos en el analisis descriptivo, cualitativo y etimologico de tres nuevos eufemismos (nueva normalidad, desescalada y desconfinamiento) que tienen un marcado caracter terminal de la crisis sanitaria y que poseen una consideracion paradigmatica para futuras investigaciones. EnglishThe main aim of this paper is to examine some of the linguistic, conceptual and normative variations, resulting from the public health emergency triggered by the COVID-19 disease, and their rapid spread thanks to new information and communication technologies. Consequently, these technologies have allowed for the shaping of new journalistic and communication narratives. Indeed, as a result of the public health emergency it has been possible to confirm both the greater use of digital platforms and the consolidation of the network society. As to the study methodology, two procedures were employed: on the one hand, a deductive method for establishing the theoretical framework in order to analyse the fluidity, permeability and flexibility of language in this new situation; and, on the other, an inductive method, based on emerging conceptual categories, for creating a corpus of words, many of which will probably be incorporated into the lexicon of the citizenry owing to their interaction in the digital ecosystem. Specifically, the focus will be placed here on a descriptive, qualitative and etymological analysis of three new euphemisms (‘new normality’, ‘lockdown easing’ and ‘lockdown lifting’), due to their strong association with the end of public health crisis and to the fact that they may well be considered as paradigmatic for future research.

El presente artículo ofrece un estudio de comparatismo circunscrito a la pervivencia de fuentes musicales, así desde Haydn, Mozart o Purcell hasta Beethoven, Schubert o Albéniz, en la obra poética de Antonio Carvajal. Asimismo, se presta atención a la intertextualidad para la expresión creativa de su pensamiento musical. This article offers a study of comparatism dedicated to the reception of musical sources, from Haydn, Mozart or Purcell to Beethoven, Schubert or Albéniz, in the poetic work of Antonio Carvajal. Likewise, attention is paid to intertextuality for the creative expression of his musical thought

Crop production and trade are two of the most economically important activities in Colombia, and viral diseases cause a high negative impact to agricultural sector. Therefore, the detection, diagnosis, control, and management of viral diseases are crucial. Currently, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and 'Omic' technologies constitute a right-hand tool for the discovery of novel viruses and for studying virus-plant interactions. This knowledge allows the development of new viral diagnostic methods and the discovery of key components of infectious processes, which could be used to generate plants resistant to viral infections. Globally, crop sciences are advancing in this direction. In this review, advancements in 'omic' technologies and their different applications in plant virology in Colombia are discussed. In addition, bioinformatics pipelines and resources for omics data analyses are presented. Due to their decreasing prices, NGS technologies are becoming an affordable and promising means to explore many phytopathologies affecting a wide variety of Colombian crops so as to improve their trade potential. RESUMEN La producción y el comercio de cultivos es una de las actividades económicas más importantes para el país. Las enfermedades causadas por virus ocasionan graves pérdidas económicas en el sector, por lo tanto, la detección, diagnóstico y diseño de estrategias para su control y manejo es crucial. Las tecnologías de secuenciación masiva (NGS por sus siglas en ingles) y las ciencias Ómicas constituyen hoy, una herramienta para el descubrimiento de nuevos virus y para el estudio de la interacción entre los virus y su hospedero vegetal. Este conocimiento no solo permite el desarrollo de nuevos métodos de diagnóstico, sino también permite el descubrimiento de componentes claves en la infección, los cuales podrían usarse para obtener plantas resistentes a los virus. En el mundo, el manejo de cultivos se está trabajando con ese enfoque. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se presentan las diferentes aplicaciones de las tecnologías ómicas en la virología de plantas y el avance que ha alcanzado Colombia. Adicionalmente, se muestran los diferentes recursos y programas usados para el análisis bioinformático de datos ómicos. Debido a su costo cada vez más reducido, las tecnologías NGS son una excelente oportunidad para explorar fitopatologías en una gran diversidad de productos agrícolas y para mejorar su potencial comercial.

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harbouring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244–harbouring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38 and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbour resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally-encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. For our knowledge this is the first report of a blaOXA-244–harbouring Escherichia coli isolate in American continent.Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently on the American continent.

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here, we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harboring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study, and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38, and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbor resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli isolate in America. Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently in America.

Previous work has established both the importance and difficulty of establishing and maintaining adequate software traceability. While it has been shown to support essential maintenance and evolution tasks, recovering traceability links between related software artifacts is a time consuming and error prone task. As such, substantial research has been done to reduce this barrier to adoption by at least partially automating traceability link recovery. In particular, recent work has shown that supervised machine learning can be effectively used for automating traceability link recovery, as long as there is sufficient data (i.e., labeled traceability links) to train a classification model. Unfortunately, the amount of data required by these techniques is a serious limitation, given that most software systems rarely have traceability information to begin with. In this paper we address this limitation of previous work and propose an approach based on active learning, which substantially reduces the amount of training data needed by supervised classification approaches for traceability link recovery while maintaining similar performance.

La justificación de la pertinencia científica de este trabajo se encuentra en la necesidad de la comunidad académica de investigar los aspectos relacionados directamente con el desempeño académico. El objetivo del mismo es determinar la influencia que tiene el otorgamiento de becas y la capacidad de aprendizaje de los estudiantes sobre la cantidad de personas con mayor formación académica. Esta investigación se puede clasificar como exploratoria, empírica y deductiva. De acuerdo a la naturaleza del proceso de los datos es una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, correlacional.

This paper describes MIRO360, a tool which imple- ments the diverse set of methodologies that are being evaluated by ITU-T Study Group 12 and Video Quality Experts Group in the development of the future International Recommendation P.360-VR for the subjective assessment of 360 video with Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). MIRO360 is an application for Android-based HMDs, with a flexible configuration that allows the simple creation of tests for short sequences (either single or double reference), as well as for long ones, including in-sequence continuous or discrete evaluation, as well as simulator sickness and spatial presence.

The increasing availability of online documentation is radically changing the way developers and computer science students learn various topics, and programming in particular. Nowadays, a plethora of online learning resources are available, ranging from online University courses and official programming manuals/documentation to video tutorials, screencasts, and discussions available on Question & Answer forums. With the aim of aiding researchers to better understand the usage, advantages, and limitations of this large amount of resources, this paper empirically investigates the learning preferences and needs of computer science students and professional developers related to the use of online resources for learning. We conducted a survey with 205 participants, having different degrees of formal instruction and professional experience in programming. The survey investigated the participants' learning preferences, information seeking behavior, preferred online resources, and learning needs. The study results reveal a preference for combined visual and auditory learning while indicating written tutorials and official documentation as two of the most popular resources currently used by developers and students. The study also indicates that, although online resources are considered valuable, there is a need for better support for searching and browsing this kind of resources.

El presente trabajo ofrece un analisis monografico, con especial atencion a las fuentes, de un poema en prosa de Felix Grande circunscrito a Ziryab para Solo quiero caminar de Paco de Lucia, con un estadio redaccional posterior incluido en su Agenda flamenca. Se brinda, asimismo, un estudio de los mecanismos de canonizacion empleados por Grande en Fantasia flamenca de Paco de Lucia y sobre todo Almoraima con el objeto de difundir la obra del musico ante el gran publico.

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis circunscrito a la recepción de El asno de oro en la narrativa española áurea con énfasis en el sincretismo apuleyano-lucianesco como cambio de paradigma hacia la novela moderna. Atendiendo a esta pervivencia de notoria influencia en el humanismo europeo, destacados autores españoles de la prosa de ficción de mediados del siglo XVI trazaron renovados caminos de experimentación estética que van a preludiar la originalidad del pensamiento narrativo de Cervantes y Quevedo. Especial relieve adquiere, por último, la difusión que tuvo la edición de El asno de oro impresa en Medina del Campo en 1543, no solo a mediados del siglo XVI sino también en época contemporánea gracias a su inclusión en los Orígenes de la novela por Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, contribuyendo así a la vigencia y recepción crítica de este clásico universal hasta nuestros días. This article offers a limited analysis of the reception of El asno de oro in the Golden Spanish narrative with an emphasis on Apuleyan-Lucianesque syncretism as a paradigm shift towards the modern novel. Attending to this persistence of notorious influence on European humanism, prominent Spanish authors of prose fiction from the mid-sixteenth century drew renewed paths of aesthetic experimentation that will annunciate the originality of the narrative thought of Cervantes and Quevedo. Finally, the diffusion of the edition of El asno de oro printed in Medina del Campo in 1543 acquires special relief, not only in the middle of the 16th century but also in contemporary times thanks to its inclusion in the Orígenes de la novela by Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, thus contributing to the validity and critical reception of this universal classic to this day.

Electrocatalysts play a crucial role in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. In this presentation, we report the synthesis of atomically dispersed ruthenium (Ru) supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (Ru-NC) with ultra-low Ru loading (0.2 wt%) through a two-step deposition-pyrolysis method. Briefly, controlled amounts of ammonium alginate (AG), 20% wt., were dispersed on a carbonaceous support (Norit CN-1) followed by subsequent introduction of the ruthenium precursor (RuCl3·3H2O) under alcoholic solution (1-butanol). Finally, the Ru-containing solids were pyrolized at 800 ºC for 2 h under N2 flow to yield the Ru-NC catalyst. Extensive transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal that Ru is dispersed on the NC support in the form of both single atoms and small clusters (Figure 1a). The as-prepared Ru-NC exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and good stability for both HER and OER, showing bifunctionality. It only requires a low overpotential of 47.1 and 72.8 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for HER in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH, respectively, and 300 mV for OER in 1.0 M KOH. The overall water electrolysis performance has been investigated in alkaline solution using Ru-NC as both HER and OER catalysts in the presence of an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE), where a cell voltage of 1.67 V is needed to achieve 10 mA cm-2. Furthermore, with a bipolar membrane (BPM), we demonstrate water electrolysis in acid-alkaline dual electrolytes (BPM-WE), where HER is accomplished in a kinetically favorable acidic solution and OER in a kinetically favorable basic solution. Such asymmetric acid-alkaline BPM-WE operates under a low cell voltage of only 0.89 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and can sustain over 100 hours without significant performance decay due to the assistance of electrochemical neutralization resulting from the crossover of the electrolytes, which shows a great potential for energy-saving hydrogen production. Figure 1

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, has shown neuroprotective actions after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in animals. We wanted to further explore the effects of CBD, alone and in conjunction with hypothermia, in a piglet model of global HI. Fifty-five anesthetized newborn piglets were randomized to either controls (n = 7) or HI (n = 48) by ventilation with 8% O2 until mean arterial blood pressure reached 20 mmHg and/or base excess reached −20 mmol/l. After resuscitation piglets were randomized to either: vehicle (VEH), CBD 1mg/kg, VEH+hypothermia (H) or CBD 1mg/kg+H (each n = 12). Piglets were euthanized 9.5 h after HI and plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue were sampled for analysis. HI induced global damage with significantly increased neuropathology score, S100B in cerebrospinal fluid, hippocampal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarkers, plasma troponin-T, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. CBD alone did not have any significant effects on these parameters while CBD+H reduced urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin compared with VEH+H (P < 0.05). Both hypothermic groups had significantly lower glutamate/N-acetylaspartate ratios (P < 0.01) and plasma troponin-T (P

Background Free radicals cause alterations in cellular protein structure and function. Oxidized, nitrated, and chlorinated modifications of aromatic amino acids including phenylalanine and tyrosine are reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in clinical conditions. Objective To develop, validate and apply a rapid method for the quantification of known hallmarks of tyrosine oxidation, nitration and chlorination in plasma and tissue proteins providing a snapshot of the oxidative stress and inflammatory status of the organism and of target organs respectively. Material and Methods The extraction and clean up procedure entailed protein precipitation, followed by protein re-suspension and enzymatic digestion with pronase. An Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify protein released ortho-tyrosine (o-Tyr), meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NO 2 -Tyr) and 3-chlorotyrosine (3Cl-Tyr) as well as native phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (p-Tyr) in plasma and tissue from a validated hypoxic newborn piglet experimental model. Results In plasma there was a significant increase in the 3NO 2 -Tyr/p-Tyr ratio. On the other hand m-Tyr/Phe and 3Cl-Tyr/p-Tyr ratios were significantly increased in liver of hypoxic compared with normoxic animals. Although no significant differences were found in brain tissue, a clear tendency to increased ratios was observed under hypoxic conditions. Conclusions UPLC-MS/MS has proven suitable for the analysis of plasma and tissue samples from newborn piglets. The analysis of biomarkers of protein oxidation, nitration and chlorination will be applied in future studies aiming to provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of oxidation-derived protein modification caused during neonatal asphyxia and resuscitation.

espanolLa guerra civil espanola supuso un impase en el desarrollo de la prensa como soporte de comunicacion. De hecho, su instrumentalizacion con fines propagandisticos viene a explicar el papel que ejercio en la consolidacion del nuevo Estado. Pues bien, dentro de la red de periodicos creada en torno al Movimiento Nacional, la prensa infantil ocupo un lugar predominante por su contribucion a la formacion de las futuras generaciones. Tanto es asi que los fines estrategico-ideologicos impuestos por el regimen convivieron en estos soportes con la colaboracion de artistas de notorio nivel estetico. Es el caso de Gloria Fuertes (1917-1998), quien dio vida en la revista Maravillas a personajes tan populares como Coleta y Pelines para volver a difundir sus historias, ya en la decada de los ochenta, en tres libros monograficos: Coleta, la poeta (1982), Coleta, payasa ?que pasa? (1983) y Pelines (1986). No obstante, tales protagonistas, mas alla de erigirse en proyecciones esteticas de la escritora a modo de heteronimos, acabarian convirtiendose en autenticos iconos del imaginario infantil EnglishThe Spanish civil war entailed an impasse in the development of press as a communication platform. In fact, its instrumentalization for propaganda purposes explains its role in the consolidation of the new State. So, in the newspaper network created around the Movimiento Nacional (National Movement), the children’s press occupied a predominant place due to its contribution to the education of future generations. So much so, that the strategical-ideological aims imposed by the regime coexisted in these platforms together with the collaboration of artists of prominent aesthetical level. Such is the case of Gloria Fuertes (1917-1998), who gave life in the magazine Maravillas, to very popular characters such as Coleta and Pelines to disseminate their short stories once more, back in the eighties, in three monographic books: Coleta, la poeta (1982), Coleta, payasa ?que pasa? (1983) and Pelines (1986). However, such protagonists, beyond constituting aesthetical projections of the writer as heteronyms, would end up becoming authentic icons of children’s imagery

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here, we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harboring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study, and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38, and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbor resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli isolate in America. Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently in America.

espanolEl presente trabajo ofrece un estudio dedicado a la representacion del imaginario femenino, la violencia y el compromiso social en cuatro poemas destacados de Jose Angel Valente (1929-2000): “Dos romances de mar. Cancion del enamorado y la amada del mar”, “Cinco sones para tambor solo”, “Cuba: una isla navega” y “Visita a Guanabacoa”. Para llevar a cabo estos objetivos se implementa una metodologia de caracter interdisciplinar. De hecho, se atiende a las relaciones conceptuales entre literatura y musica vinculadas al imaginario, los estudios culturales y de genero, ademas de la historia de las mentalidades como lineas teoricas y planteamientos epistemologicos fundamentales. En cuanto a los resultados y conclusiones, se propone una linea de investigacion no atendida hasta el momento en el estado de la cuestion sobre los estudios criticos dedicados a Valente que pone de relieve la importancia de la representacion simbolica femenina en su produccion estetica. Al tiempo, se demuestra su decidido compromiso social a traves del arte contra la violencia y el machismo imperante que el pudo comprobar especialmente en una estancia en Cuba con redoble ritualde tambor como musica de fondo. EnglishThe present work offers a study dedicated to the representation of feminineimaginary, violence and social commitment in four outstanding poems by Jose Angel Valente (1929-2000): “Dos romances de mar. Cancion del enamorado y la amada del mar”, “Cinco sones para tambor solo”, “Cuba: una isla navega” y “Visita a Guanabacoa”. To carry out these objectives, an interdisciplinary methodology is implemented. In fact, the conceptual relations between literature and music linked to the imaginary, cultural and gender studies, as well as the history of mentalities as theoretical lines andfundamental epistemological approaches are addressed. As for the results and conclusions, a line of research not dealt with so far in the state of the question about the critical studies dedicated to Valente that highlights the importance of female symbolic representation in his aesthetic work isproposed. At the same time, his determined social commitment through art against violence and the prevailing machismo that he could see especially in a stay in Cuba with ritual drum roll as background music is demonstrated.

We present an app to both monitor the session activity and conduct subjective quality tests of both 2D and 360VR content transmitted through adaptive bitrate streaming techniques in real time in an unsupervised, highly-configurable, minimum-intrusive, integrated fashion. Users carry out the tests within the app environment, thus fostering immersiveness and engagement. Furthermore, monitoring and test results are collected and stored in a cloud database for subsequent analysis.

Background: YlbF and YmcA are two essential proteins for the formation of biofilm, sporulation, and competence in Bacillus subtilis. In these two proteins, a new protein domain called com_ylbF was recently discovered, but its role and protein function has not yet been established. Objective: In this study, we identified and performed an “in silico” structural analysis of the YheA protein, another com_ylbF-containing protein, in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The search of the yheA gene was performed using BLAST-P and tBLASn algorithms. The three-dimensional (3D) models of YheA, as well as YlbF and YmcA proteins, were built using the I-TASSER and Quark programs. The identification of the native YheA in Staphylococcus aureus was carried out through chromatography using the FPLC system. Results: We found that YheA protein is more widely distributed in Gram-positive bacteria than YlbF and YmcA. Two new and important characteristics for YheA and other com_ylbF-containing proteins were found: a highly conserved 3D structure and the presence of a putative conserved motif located in the central region of the domain, which could be involved in its function. Additionally, we established that Staphylococcus aureus expresses YheA protein in both planktonic growth and biofilm. Finally, we suggest renaming YheA as glutamine-rich protein (Qrp) in S. aureus. Conclusion: The Grp (YheA), YlbF, and YmcA proteins adopt a highly conserved three-dimensional structure, harboring a protein-specific putative motif within the com_ylbF domain, which possibly favors the interaction with their substrates. Finally, Staphylococcus aureus expresses the Grp (YheA) protein in both planktonic and biofilm growth.

This paper presents a review of studies and data on lithium resources and batteries and on electric cars, alongside with an exploratory study of the feasibility of replacing car fleet for personal transportation, using internal combustion engines (ICE), currently used in Paraguay and Bolivia, by equivalent electric vehicles. The energy mixes and natural resources of Bolivia and Paraguay ensue a unique opportunity for the development and production of electric cars in Latin America. Economic, energy, environmental, mineral resources criteria are considered. The introduction of electric mobility is evaluated in two scenarios: first, with electric vehicles available in the international market (EV); and, alternatively, with the implementation and development of local lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries and electric vehicles industries. Electric vehicles with Li-ion battery (BEV) could be built leveraging on the strategic advantages of natural resources from the Uyuni Salt Lake – Bolivia and the availability of electricity in Paraguay from the Itaipu hydro-power plant, as well as from Bolivian natural gas and renewable resources. The battery industry could be located in Bolivia while the Latin-American electric vehicle (LEV) industry could be based in Paraguay. Estimates conducted in this study show that replacement of existing fleet with (LEV) in the period of 10 years, the cumulative economic benefits for Paraguay are US$ 996 million and Bolivia in US$ 1373 million. Such replacement would allow a reduction of (GHG) emissions (greenhouse gases) nearly 8398 Gg total CO2 avoided for Paraguay and 9420 Gg total CO2 avoided for Bolivia, replacing (ICEV) internal combustion engine vehicle. However, the scenario envisioned to induce scale for local industrialization would rely on a conservative replacement of the 40 thousand vehicles per year in each country. The underlying idea is to gain scale locally for the initial production chain and then access the Latin American and world markets.

Byproducts of arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation are highly relevant for the study of free radical associated conditions in the perinatal period. Plasma metabolites can provide the clinician with a snapshot of the oxidant status of patients before and after specific clinical interventions (e.g.: supplementation with oxygen). We describe a new andreliable ultra-performance liquid mass spectrometry method to determine F2-isoprostanes and other byproducts (isoprostanes, isofurans, neuroprostanes, neurofurans) in newborn serum samples. Cord blood samples were obtained from severely depressed newborn infants (Apgar score 1 min < 3; arterial cord pH < 7.00), and aliquoted for serum determination and stored at -80 degrees C. AUHPLC-MS/MS method was employed. It has a series of technical advantages: simple sample treatment; reduced sample volume (100 mu L) which is essential for preterm neonates with low circulating blood volume, high throughput of sample analysis (96 samples in less than 24 h) and high selectivity for different isoprostanes isomers. Excellent sensitivity was achieved within limits of detection between 0.06 and 4.2 nmol L-1, which renders this method suitable to monitoranalyte concentration in newborn samples. The method's precision was satisfactory; with coefficients of variation around 5-12% (intra-day) and 7-17% (inter-day). The reliability of the described method was assessed by analysis of spiked serum samples obtaining recoveries between 70% and 120%. The proposed method has rendered suitable for serum determination for newborn babies at risk of oxygen free radical associated conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Perinatal asphyxia is a severe medical condition resulting from oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) at the time of birth, causing worldwide approximately 680,000 newborn deaths every year. Better prediction of severity of damages including early biomarkers is highly demanded. Elevated levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood have been reported for a range of different diseases and conditions, including cancer and prematurity. The objective of this study was to validate methods for assessing cfDNA in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to explore temporal variations in a piglet model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation. Different cfDNA extraction methods in combination with cfDNA detection systems were tested, including a fluorescent assay using SYBR Gold and a qRT-PCR-based technique. Newborn piglets (n = 55) were exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, hypoxia-reoxygenation and hypothermia, or were part of the sham-operated control group. Blood was sampled at baseline and at post-intervention, further at 30, 270, and 570 minutes after the end of hypoxia. Applying the fluorescent method, cfDNA concentration in piglets exposed to hypoxia (n = 32) increased from 36.8±27.6 ng/ml prior to hypoxia to a peak level of 61.5±54.9 ng/ml after the intervention and deceased to 32.3±19.1 ng/ml at 570 minutes of reoxygenation, whereas the group of sham-operated control animals (n = 11) revealed a balanced cfDNA profile. Animals exposed to hypoxia and additionally treated with hypothermia (n = 12) expressed a cfDNA concentration of 54.4±16.9 ng/ml at baseline, 39.2±26.9 ng/ml at the end of hypoxia, and of 41.1±34.2 ng/ml at 570 minutes post-intervention. Concentrations of cfDNA in the CSF of piglets exposed to hypoxia revealed at post-intervention higher levels in comparison to the controls. However, these observations were only tendencies and not significant. In a first methodological proof-of-principle study exploring cfDNA using a piglet model of hypoxia-reoxygenation variations in the temporal patterns suggest that cfDNA might be an early indicator for damages caused by perinatal asphyxia.

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 235 is a clone that possesses an extraordinary ability to acquire mobile genetic elements and has been associated with the spread of resistance genes, including genes that encode for carbapenemases. Here, we aim to characterize the genetic platforms involved in resistance dissemination in blaKPC-2-positive P. aeruginosa ST235 in Colombia. Results In a prospective surveillance study of infections in adult patients attended in five ICUs in five distant cities in Colombia, 58 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered, of which, 27 (46.6%) were resistant to carbapenems. The molecular analysis showed that 6 (22.2%) and 4 (14.8%) isolates harboured the blaVIM and blaKPC-2 genes, respectively. The four blaKPC-2-positive isolates showed a similar PFGE pulsotype and belonged to ST235. Complete genome sequencing of a representative ST235 isolate shows a unique chromosomal contig of 7097.241 bp with eight different resistance genes identified and five transposons: a Tn6162-like with ant(2″)-Ia, two Tn402-like with ant(3″)-Ia and blaOXA-2 and two Tn4401b with blaKPC-2. All transposons were inserted into the genomic islands. Interestingly, the two Tn4401b copies harbouring blaKPC-2 were adjacently inserted into a new genomic island (PAGI-17) with traces of a replicative transposition process. This double insertion was probably driven by several structural changes within the chromosomal region containing PAGI-17 in the ST235 background. Conclusion This is the first report of a double Tn4401b chromosomal insertion in P. aeruginosa, just within a new genomic island (PAGI-17). This finding indicates once again the great genomic plasticity of this microorganism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1418-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Staphylococcus aureus pandemic clone USA300 has, in addition to its constitutive arginine catabolism (arc) gene cluster, an arginine catabolism mobile element (ACME) carrying another such cluster, which gives this clone advantages in colonisation and infection. Gene arcR, which encodes an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator, is inside ACME and downstream of the constitutive arc gene cluster, and this situation may have an impact on its activation. Different relative expression behaviours are proven here for arcR ACME and the arc ACME operon compared to the constitutive ones. We also show that the artificially expressed recombinant ArcRACME protein binds to the promoter region of the arc ACME operon; this mechanism can be related to a positive feedback model, which may be responsible for increased anaerobic survival of the USA300 clone during infection-related processes.

© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. Bacteria that produce the broad-spectrum Carbapenem antibiotic NewDelhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM) place a burden on health care systems worldwide, due to the limited treatment options for infections caused by them and the rapid global spread of this antibiotic resistancemechanism.Although it is believed that theassociated resistancegenebla NDM-1 originated inAcinetobacter spp., the role of Enterobacteriaceae in its dissemination remains unclear. In this study, we usedwhole genome sequencing to investigate the dissemination dynamics of blaNDM-1-positive plasmids in a set of 21 clinical NDM-1-positive isolates from Colombia and Mexico (Providencia rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) aswell as six representative NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli transconjugants. Additionally, the plasmids from three representative P. rettgeri isolates were sequenced by PacBio sequencing and finished. Our results demonstrate the presence of previously reported plasmids from K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii in different genetic backgrounds and geographically distant locations in Colombia. Three new previously unclassified plasmids were also identified in P. rettgeri from Colombia and Mexico, plus an interesting genetic link between NDM-1-positive P. rettgeri from distant geographic locations (Canada, Mexico, Colombia, and Israel) without any reported epidemiological links was discovered. Finally, we detected a relationship between plasmids present in P. rettgeri and plasmids from A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Overall, our findings suggest a Russian dollmodel for the dissemination of blaNDM-1 in LatinAmerica,with P. rettgeri playing a central role in this process, andrevealnewinsights into the evolution and disseminationof plasmids carrying such antibiotic resistance genes.

Video tutorials are an emerging form of documentation in software engineering and can efficiently provide developers with useful information needed for their daily tasks. However, to get the information they need, developers have to find the right tutorial for their task at hand. Currently, there is little information available to quickly judge whether a tutorial is relevant to a topic or helpful to the task at hand, which can lead to missing the best tutorials and wasting time watching irrelevant ones. We present the first efforts towards new tagging approaches using text retrieval that describe the contents of software engineering video tutorials, making it easier and faster to understand their purpose and contents. We also present the results of a preliminary evaluation of thirteen such approaches, revealing the potential of some and limitations of others.

Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) frequently require the use of oxygen supply in the delivery room leading to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that are responsible for increased morbidityand mortality. The objective of this study was to establish reference ranges of a set of representative isoprostanes and prostaglandins, which are stable biomarkers of lipid peroxidation often correlated with oxidative stress-related disorders. First, a quantitative ultra performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated. The proposed analytical method was tailored for its application in the field of neonatology, enabling multi- analyte detection in non-invasive, small-volume urine sam- ples. Then, the lipid peroxidation product concentrations in a total of 536 urine samples collected within the framework of two clinical trials including extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) were analyzed. The access to a substan- tially large number of samples from this very vulnerable population provided the chance to establish reference ranges of the studied biomarkers. Up to the present, and for this population, this is the biggest reference data set reported in literature. Results obtained should assist researchers and pe- diatricians in interpreting test results in future studies involv- ing isoprostanes and prostaglandins, and could help assessing morbidities and evaluate effectiveness of treatment strategies (e.g., different resuscitation conditions) in the neonatal field.

Background Community-genotype methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CG-MRSA) clones are a global concern due to their resistance and increased virulence and their ability to cause infections both hospitalized patients and healthy people in the community. Here, we characterize 32 isolates of a new CG-MRSA clone. These isolates were identified in four cities in Colombia, South America. Methods The isolates were recovered from four different epidemiological and prospective studies that were conducted in several regions of Colombia. Molecular characterizations included multilocus sequence typing; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; SCCmec, agr and spa typing; and whole-genome sequencing. Results All isolates belonged to ST923 (clonal complex 8), harbouring SCCmec IVa and a spa type t1635 and lacking an arginine catabolism mobile element. The isolates were classified as COL923, were resistant to at least one non-beta-lactam antibiotic, and exhibited high frequencies (>60%) of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline. Using whole-genome sequencing, we found that this new clone harbours novel prophage 3 and beta-island structures and a slightly different pathogenicity island 5. Moreover, isolates belonging to the COL923 clone are grouped in a different clade than USA300 and USA300-LV. Conclusion Our results show the emergence and spread of the COL923 clone in different cities in Colombia. This clone is resistant to several antibiotics and possesses new structures in its mobile genetic elements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2193-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of clinical significance due to its association with urinary tract infections and multidrug resistance. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of P. rettgeri . The genome of strain RB151 consists of a 4.8-Mbp chromosome and a 108-kbp bla NDM-1 -positive plasmid.

Background:Lipid peroxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species is a major contributor to oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. Our objective was to assess how oxidative stress measured by lipid peroxidation was modified by DHA in a newborn piglet model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI).Methods:Fifty-five piglets were randomized to (i) hypoxia, (ii) DHA, (iii) hypothermia, (iv) hypothermia+DHA or (v) sham. All groups but sham were subjected to hypoxia by breathing 8% O2. DHA was administered 210 min after end of hypoxia and the piglets were euthanized 9.5 h after end of hypoxia. Urine and blood were harvested at these two time points and analyzed for F4-neuroprostanes, F2-isoprostanes, neurofuranes and isofuranes using UPLC-MS/MS.Results:F4-neuroprostanes in urine were significantly reduced (P=0.006) in groups receiving DHA. Hypoxia (median, IQR 1652 nM, 610–4557) vs. DHA (440 nM, 367–738, P=0.016) and hypothermia (median, IQR 1338 nM, 744–3085) vs. hypothermia+DHA (356 nM, 264–1180, P=0.006). The isoprostane compound 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly lower (P=0.011) in the DHA group compared to the hypoxia group. No significant differences were found between the groups in blood.Conclusion:DHA significantly reduces oxidative stress by measures of lipid peroxidation following HI in both normothermic and hypothermic piglets.