2,095 results on '"James Ward"'
Search Results
102. 11. Story Teller
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Benjamin Capps and James Ward Lee
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- 1999
103. 9. The Offer of Nine Horses
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Benjamin Capps and James Ward Lee
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- 1999
104. 5. Mountains That Wander Away
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Benjamin Capps and James Ward Lee
- Published
- 1999
105. A Statistically Rigorous Approach to Experimental Design of Vertical Living Walls for Green Buildings
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Rosmina A. Bustami, Chris Brien, James Ward, Simon Beecham, and Robyn Rawlings
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living wall ,vertical greenery system ,carry-over effect ,native plants ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Living walls (LW) have been widely proposed as a form of green infrastructure to improve aesthetics, energy consumption, and microclimate in urban environments by adding densely-planted vegetation to the outside walls of buildings. Scientific studies using multiple treatments in a single LW face challenges due to the close physical proximity of different treatments, particularly the potential for plants above to influence those below. A study on a west-facing LW was undertaken to investigate 36 unique treatments in Adelaide, South Australia, for nine months. The LW comprised combinations of six native plant species, three soil substrates and two irrigation volumes. The LW consisted of 144 modular trays mounted on a wall in a 12 × 12 grid with four replicates of each treatment. The location of each treatment was designed to account for a cascading carry-over effect that may be present when one plant is placed above another. Carry-over effect of the model designed showed mixed results among the plant groups identified. It was also found that long-form plants can significantly shade smaller plants below them. Experimental research into the performance of plants in mixed species LW should consider the carry-over effect to account for this.
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- 2019
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106. A Comparison of Plant Growth Rates between an NFT Hydroponic System and an NFT Aquaponic System
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Wilson Lennard and James Ward
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aquaponic ,aquaculture ,hydroponic ,integrated agri-aquaculture ,Grass Carp ,Lettuce ,Herbs ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
A comparison of leafy green plant species’ (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), rocket (Eruca sativa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum)) growth rates was performed between an Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)hydroponic system, using standard commercial nutrient solution, and an NFT aquaponic system, using fish waste from Grass Carp, (Ctenopharyngodon idella) which provided the majority of the nutrients required by the plants. The results demonstrated that the aquaponic method performed well, and, in many cases, the growth rates produced were similar to those of the hydroponic method. Lettuce growth was compared across three seasons (summer, winter, and spring), and, in all cases, the aquaponically-grown lettuce equalled, or bettered, the hydroponic equivalent. Herb growth was compared over a five-month period (February to June—summer/autumn), and in 17 out of 23 comparisons, the aquaponic method produced results similar to those of the hydroponic method. Thus, while the NFT method may not be the most appropriate technical approach for aquaponic integration, the results suggest that the overall aquaponic method has the potential to produce plant growth rates at least equal to those of standard hydroponics.
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- 2019
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107. Chlamydia sentinel surveillance in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services finds higher testing and positivity rates among younger people
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Jane L. Goller, James Ward, Mark Saunders, Sophie Couzos, John Kaldor, and Margaret A. Hellard
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health services ,Indigenous ,chlamydia ,epidemiology ,Australia ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: To measure chlamydia testing and positivity rates among 16–39 year olds attending Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs). Methods: Retrospective non‐identifiable computerised records containing consultation and chlamydia testing data were collected for patients (16–39 years) attending eight ACCHSs during 2008–09 in urban, regional and remote settings for the Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) system. Annual chlamydia testing and positivity rates were estimated. Results: Over two years, 13,809 patients aged 16–39 years (57.8% female, 82.3% Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) attended. The annual overall chlamydia testing rate was 13.0% (2008) and 16.0% (2009). Testing rates were higher among females (p
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- 2012
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108. Methods of a national survey of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people regarding sexually transmissible infections and bloodborne viruses
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James Ward, Joanne Bryant, Handan Wand, John Kaldor, Dea Delaney‐Thiele, Heather Worth, Sarah Betts, Peter Waples‐Crowe, Sallie Cairnduff, Tony Coburn, Basil Donovan, and Marian Pitts
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sexually transmissible infections ,bloodborne viruses ,Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people ,cross‐sectional survey ,young people ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: To describe the methods and basic demographics of participants in a national survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people specific to sexually transmissible infections and bloodborne viruses. Methods: A national cross‐sectional survey of Aboriginal people aged 16–29 years in all Australian jurisdictions between 2011 and 2013 conducted at Aboriginal community events. Questions comprised demographic information, knowledge, risk behaviours and health service utilisation. Questionnaires were completed on personal digital assistants (PDAs). Results: A total of 2,877 people at 21 unique community events completed the questionnaire. A total of 59% of participants were female, median age was 21 years and more than 60% were single at the time of the survey. Just over half the participants were resident in an urban area (53%) and 38% were from a regional area. Aboriginal health organisations played an important role in implementing the research. PDAs were found to be an acceptable method for collecting health information. Conclusion: This survey has recruited a large representative sample of Aboriginal people aged 16–29 years using a methodology that is feasible, acceptable and repeatable. Implications: The methodology provides a model for ongoing monitoring of this population as programs and policies are implemented to address young Aboriginal people's STI and BBV risks.
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- 2016
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109. Water Use Efficiency in Urban Food Gardens: Insights from a Systematic Review and Case Study
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Georgia Pollard, James Ward, and Philip Roetman
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systematic review ,urban water management ,urban agriculture ,food production ,water use efficiency ,measurement ,crop irrigation ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Water use and the cost of water are key factors when considering the net value of urban agriculture (UA). This systematic review critically evaluates past and recent UA yield research from the perspective of water use efficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases Scopus, ProQuest Agriculture and Environment, and Web of Science for references from 1975 to 2018, with 25 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Of these, only five articles had actively collected UA water use data, all on purpose-built experimental gardens. Considering the scarcity of UA water use efficiency and water measurement literature, South Australia is presented as a case study to demonstrate the considerable diversity of water pricing, water sources and irrigation methods available to urban food growers. The practical challenges of garden placement and the wide variety of cultivation techniques, water sources and irrigation methods are reviewed. Four equations to calculate the water use efficiency (WUE) of UA are proposed and demonstrated. Collection of additional UA water use data would support more robust evaluations of the water use efficiency and economic implications of different cultivation techniques. Further work in this field will enable a realistic understanding of the current and future contribution of UA to our society.
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- 2018
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110. Beyond Productivity: Considering the Health, Social Value and Happiness of Home and Community Food Gardens
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Georgia Pollard, Philip Roetman, James Ward, Belinda Chiera, and Evangeline Mantzioris
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urban agriculture ,urban food production ,health ,mental health ,wellbeing ,South Australia ,social capital ,social value ,home gardens ,community gardens ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Social Sciences - Abstract
We are living in an age of concern for mental health and wellbeing. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to investigate the perceived health, social value and happiness benefits of urban agriculture (UA) by focusing on home and community food gardens in South Australia. The results reported in this paper are from “Edible Gardens”, a citizen science project designed to investigate the social value, productivity and resource efficiency of UA in South Australia. Methods include an online survey and in-field garden data collection. Key findings include: dominant home gardener motivations were the produce, enjoyment, and health, while dominant community gardener motivations were enjoyment, connection to others and the produce. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four key factors: Tranquillity and Timeout, Develop and Learn Skills, the Produce, and Social Connection. The key difference between home and community gardeners was an overall social connection. Although home gardeners did not appear to actively value or desire inter-household social connection, this does not mean they do not value or participate in other avenues of social connection, such as via social learning sources or by sharing food with others. The combined results from this research regarding health and wellbeing, social connection and happiness support the premise that engagement in home or community food gardening may provide a preventative or supportive role for gardener health and wellbeing, regardless of whether it is a conscious motivation for participation.
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- 2018
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111. Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention into an adolescent empowerment and livelihood intervention at youth clubs in rural Uganda
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Christian, Canice, Kabami, Jane, Kwarisiima, Dalsone, Beinamatsiko, Blian, Nakato, Hellen, Khakshi, James Ward, Sulaiman, Munshi, Komugisha, Annah, Thirumurthy, Harsha, Havlir, Diane V, Kamya, Moses R, and Chamie, Gabriel
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Human Society ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatric AIDS ,Mental Health ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,HIV/AIDS ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Male ,Humans ,Adolescent ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Uganda ,Feasibility Studies ,Men ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Pre-exposure prophylaxis ,post-exposure prophylaxis ,HIV prevention ,youth ,East Africa ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology ,Public health ,Sociology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
The uptake of HIV prevention services is lower among youth than adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Existing youth livelihood trainings offer a potential entry point to HIV prevention services. We determined feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention into youth clubs implementing an empowerment and livelihood for adolescents (ELA) intervention in rural Uganda. Staff conducted community mobilization for youth (15-24 years) over one month. Clubs met (3×/week) over six months, with local peer mentors trained to teach life-skills and sexual/reproductive health education. We integrated mentor-led education on HIV prevention, including pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP). Clubs offered on-site HIV testing, a field trip to a local clinic and PrEP referrals after one month and six months. Surveys were conducted at baseline and six months. Forty-two participants (24 adolescent girls/young women (AGYW) and 18 adolescent boys/young men (ABYM)) joined the clubs. At baseline, no participants accepted referral for PrEP, whereas 5/18 (28%) sexually active, HIV-negative AGYW requested PrEP referral at follow-up. One ABYM requested PEP referral. Integration of HIV prevention services into an established ELA curriculum at mentor-led youth clubs in rural Uganda was feasible. PrEP uptake increased among sexually active AGYW. Evaluation of this approach for HIV prevention among youth merits further study.
- Published
- 2023
112. Exploring the Benefits of Molecular Testing for Gonorrhoea Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance in Remote Settings.
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Ben B Hui, Nathan Ryder, Jiunn-Yih Su, James Ward, Marcus Y Chen, Basil Donovan, Christopher K Fairley, Rebecca J Guy, Monica M Lahra, Mathew G Law, David M Whiley, and David G Regan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Surveillance for gonorrhoea antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is compromised by a move away from culture-based testing in favour of more convenient nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) tests. We assessed the potential benefit of a molecular resistance test in terms of the timeliness of detection of gonorrhoea AMR.An individual-based mathematical model was developed to describe the transmission of gonorrhoea in a remote Indigenous population in Australia. We estimated the impact of the molecular test on the time delay between first importation and the first confirmation that the prevalence of gonorrhoea AMR (resistance proportion) has breached the WHO-recommended 5% threshold (when a change in antibiotic should occur). In the remote setting evaluated in this study, the model predicts that when culture is the only available means of testing for AMR, the breach will only be detected when the actual prevalence of AMR in the population has already reached 8 - 18%, with an associated delay of ~43 - 69 months between first importation and detection. With the addition of a molecular resistance test, the number of samples for which AMR can be determined increases facilitating earlier detection at a lower resistance proportion. For the best case scenario, where AMR can be determined for all diagnostic samples, the alert would be triggered at least 8 months earlier than using culture alone and the resistance proportion will have only slightly exceeded the 5% notification threshold.Molecular tests have the potential to provide more timely warning of the emergence of gonorrhoea AMR. This in turn will facilitate earlier treatment switching and more targeted treatment, which has the potential to reduce the population impact of gonorrhoea AMR.
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- 2015
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113. 'I Do Feel Like a Scientist at Times': A Qualitative Study of the Acceptability of Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea to Primary Care Professionals in a Remote High STI Burden Setting.
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Lisa Natoli, Rebecca J Guy, Mark Shephard, Louise Causer, Steven G Badman, Belinda Hengel, Annie Tangey, James Ward, Tony Coburn, David Anderson, John Kaldor, Lisa Maher, and TTANGO Investigators
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Point-of-care tests for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) could increase the uptake and timeliness of testing and treatment, contribute to improved disease control and reduce reproductive morbidity. The GeneXpert (Xpert CT/NG assay), suited to use at the point-of-care, is being used in the TTANGO randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 12 remote Australian health services with a high burden of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This represents the first ever routine use of a molecular point-of-care diagnostic for STIs in primary care. The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptability of the GeneXpert to primary care staff in remote Australia. METHODS:In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 staff (registered or enrolled nurses and Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners) trained and experienced with GeneXpert testing. Interviews were digitally-recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to content analysis. RESULTS:Most participants displayed positive attitudes, indicating the test was both easy to use and useful in their clinical context. Participants indicated that point-of-care testing had improved management of STIs, resulting in more timely and targeted treatment, earlier commencement of partner notification, and reduced follow up efforts associated with client recall. Staff expressed confidence in point-of-care test results and treating patients on this basis, and reported greater job satisfaction. While point-of-care testing did not negatively impact on client flow, several found the manual documentation processes time consuming, suggesting that improved electronic connectivity and test result transfer between the GeneXpert and patient management systems could overcome this. Managing positive test results in a shorter time frame was challenging for some but most found it satisfying to complete episodes of care more quickly. CONCLUSIONS:In the context of a RCT, health professionals working in remote primary care in Australia found the GeneXpert highly acceptable. These findings have implications for use in other primary care settings around the world.
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- 2015
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114. Point-of-care testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea: implications for clinical practice.
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Lisa Natoli, Lisa Maher, Mark Shephard, Belinda Hengel, Annie Tangey, Steven G Badman, James Ward, Rebecca J Guy, and TTANGO Investigators
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ObjectivesPoint-of-care (POC) testing for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) offers a new approach to the diagnosis and management of these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in remote Australian communities and other similar settings. Diagnosis of STIs in remote communities is typically symptom driven, and for those who are asymptomatic, treatment is generally delayed until specimens can be transported to the reference laboratory, results returned and the patient recalled. The objective of this study was to explore the clinical implications of using CT/NG POC tests in routine clinical care in remote settings.MethodsIn-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposively selected group of 18 key informants with a range of sexual health and laboratory expertise.ResultsParticipants highlighted the potential impact POC testing would have on different stages of the current STI management pathway in remote Aboriginal communities and how the pathway would change. They identified implications for offering a POC test, specimen collection, conducting the POC test, syndromic management of STIs, pelvic inflammatory disease diagnosis and management, interpretation and delivery of POC results, provision of treatment, contact tracing, management of client flow and wait time, and re-testing at 3 months after infection.ConclusionsThe introduction of POC testing to improve STI service delivery requires careful consideration of both its advantages and limitations. The findings of this study will inform protocols for the implementation of CT/NG POC testing, and also STI testing and management guidelines.
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- 2014
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115. Hospitalisations for pelvic inflammatory disease temporally related to a diagnosis of Chlamydia or gonorrhoea: a retrospective cohort study.
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Joanne Reekie, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S Hocking, Louisa Jorm, John M Kaldor, Donna B Mak, David Preen, Sallie Pearson, Christine L Roberts, Louise Stewart, Handan Wand, James Ward, and Bette Liu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The presence and severity of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) symptoms are thought to vary by microbiological etiology but there is limited empirical evidence. We sought to estimate and compare the rates of hospitalisation for PID temporally related to diagnoses of gonorrhoea and chlamydia.All women, aged 15-45 years in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW), with a diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhoea between 01/07/2000 and 31/12/2008 were followed by record linkage for up to one year after their chlamydia or gonorrhoea diagnosis for hospitalisations for PID. Standardised incidence ratios compared the incidence of PID hospitalisations to the age-equivalent NSW population.A total of 38,193 women had a chlamydia diagnosis, of which 483 were hospitalised for PID; incidence rate (IR) 13.9 per 1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) (95%CI 12.6-15.1). In contrast, 1015 had a gonorrhoea diagnosis, of which 45 were hospitalised for PID (IR 50.8 per 1000 PYFU, 95%CI 36.0-65.6). The annual incidence of PID hospitalisation temporally related to a chlamydia or gonorrhoea diagnosis was 27.0 (95%CI 24.4-29.8) and 96.6 (95%CI 64.7-138.8) times greater, respectively, than the age-equivalent NSW female population. Younger age, socio-economic disadvantage, having a diagnosis prior to 2005 and having a prior birth were also associated with being hospitalised for PID.Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are both associated with large increases in the risk of PID hospitalisation. Our data suggest the risk of PID hospitalisation is much higher for gonorrhoea than chlamydia; however, further research is needed to confirm this finding.
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- 2014
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116. Super-Efficient Super Resolution for Fast Adversarial Defense at the Edge.
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Kartikeya Bhardwaj, Dibakar Gope, James Ward, Paul N. Whatmough, and Danny Loh
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- 2022
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117. Transmit Precoding for Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems.
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Jacob Pritzker, James Ward, and Yonina C. Eldar
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- 2021
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118. McREL Leadership Responsibilities through the Lens of Data: The Critical Nine
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James-Ward, Cheryl and Abuyen, Joy
- Abstract
At the onset of the 21st century, the United States ushered in a new era of school accountability and reform with the No Child Left Behind Act [NCLB] (United States Department of Education, 2010). Until and unless it is repealed or replaced, this law continues in effect today, with many states now applying to renew their NCLB waivers (Klein, 2015). Moreover, the responsibility for meeting the expectations of accountability and the need for ongoing improvement continue to rest squarely on the shoulders of school principals, many of whom may broadly understand data-driven decision making, but may lack the knowledge and strategic information to maximize the use of data findings in improving student achievement. The Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning organization (McREL) has identified 21 leadership responsibilities that describe the knowledge and skills school leaders need to positively impact student achievement. This analysis centers around the McREL leadership responsibilities with an effect size of 0.25 or higher that require a focus on data. The use of hard and soft data to focus improvement is then analyzed and expanded upon through the McREL leadership framework lens.
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- 2015
119. Artificial intelligence and prediction of cardiometabolic disease: Systematic review of model performance and potential benefits in indigenous populations.
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Keunwoo Jeong, Alistair R. Mallard, Leanne Coombe, and James Ward
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- 2023
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120. Restructurable Activation Networks.
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Kartikeya Bhardwaj, James Ward, Caleb Tung, Dibakar Gope, Lingchuan Meng, Igor Fedorov, Alex Chalfin, Paul N. Whatmough, and Danny Loh
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- 2022
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121. Physicochemical complexity in complex chemical systems
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Taylor, James Ward
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541 ,QD Chemistry - Abstract
Self-replication and compartmentalization are two central properties thought to be essential for minimal life, and understanding how such processes interact in the emergence of complex reaction networks is crucial to exploring the development of complexity in chemistry and biology. Autocatalysis can emerge from multiple different mechanisms such as formation of an initiator, template self-replication and physical autocatalysis (where micelles formed from the reaction product solubilize the reactants, leading to higher local concentrations and therefore higher rates). Amphiphiles are also used in artificial life studies to create protocell models such as micelles, vesicles and oil-in-water droplets, and can increase reaction rates by encapsulation of reactants. So far, no template self-replicator exists which is capable of compartmentalization, or transferring this molecular scale phenomenon to micro or macro-scale assemblies. Here a system is demonstrated where an amphiphilic imine catalyses its own formation by joining a non-polar alkyl tail group with a polar carboxylic acid head group to form a template, which was shown to form reverse micelles by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The kinetics of this system were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy, showing clearly that a template self-replication mechanism operates, though there was no evidence that the reverse micelles participated in physical autocatalysis. Active oil droplets, composed from a mixture of insoluble organic compounds in an aqueous sub-phase, can undergo processes such as division, self-propulsion and chemotaxis, and are studied as models for minimal cells, or protocells. Although in most cases the Marangoni effect is responsible for the forces on the droplet, the behaviour of the droplet depends heavily on the exact composition. Though theoretical models are able to calculate the forces on a droplet, to model a mixture of oils on an aqueous surface where compounds from the oil phase are dissolving and diffusing through the aqueous phase is beyond current computational capability. The behaviour of a droplet in an aqueous phase can only be discovered through experiment, though it is determined by the droplet's composition. By using an evolutionary algorithm and a liquid handling robot to conduct droplet experiments and decide which compositions to test next, entirely autonomously, the composition of the droplet becomes a chemical genome capable of evolution. The selection is carried out according to a fitness function, which ranks the formulation based on how well it conforms to the chosen fitness criteria (e.g. movement or division). Over successive generations, significant increases in fitness are achieved, and this increase is higher with more components (i.e. greater complexity). Other chemical processes such as chemiluminescence and gelation were investigated in active oil droplets, demonstrating the possibility of controlling chemical reactions by selective droplet fusion. Potential future applications for this might include combinatorial chemistry, or additional fitness goals for the genetic algorithm. Combining the self-replication and the droplet protocells research, it was demonstrated that the presence of the amphiphilic replicator lowers the interfacial tension between droplets of a reaction mixture in organic solution and the alkaline aqueous phase, causing them to divide. Periodic sampling by a liquid handling robot revealed that the extent of droplet fission increased as the reaction progressed, producing more individual protocells with increased self-replication. This demonstrates coupling of the molecular scale phenomenon of template self-replication to a macroscale physicochemical effect.
- Published
- 2016
122. The Development of an Infrastructure for a Model of Coaching Principals
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James-Ward, Cheryl
- Abstract
This descriptive study investigates the development of a district leadership coaching program. Specifically, the study examines the creation of a coaching program for elementary principals, the first six months of monthly meetings between the coaches and district leaders, and the perceived utility of the meetings by the district coaches. Qualitative methods were used to examine: (a) the development of a leadership coaching program for principals, (b) the communication and interaction between coaches and district leadership, and (c) the perceived effectiveness of the infrastructure. The findings indicate that when there is a cluster of leadership coaches, as well as regularly scheduled meetings between district leadership and coaches, there may be advantages to the district, the coached principals, and the coaches. (Contains 2 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2011
123. No Child Left Behind and the Definition of Proficient: What Should School Leaders in California Know about the Definition of Proficient?
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James-Ward, Cheryl
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With the enactment of No Child Left Behind, districts across the country have been consumed with ensuring that students are proficient in math and reading. However, by the very nature of the law, the definition of "proficient" varies from state to state as well as within states. Since countless resources are being poured into this endeavor and since there are extreme sanctions for schools and districts that are not meeting the Annual Measurable Objective (AMO), which dictates the percentage of students that must be proficient each year, the definition should be clear.
- Published
- 2008
124. Super-Efficient Super Resolution for Fast Adversarial Defense at the Edge.
- Author
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Kartikeya Bhardwaj, Dibakar Gope, James Ward, Paul N. Whatmough, and Danny Loh
- Published
- 2021
125. Robbinsdale
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Richie, Peter James Ward. Author and Richie, Peter James Ward. Author
- Published
- 2014
126. Artificial intelligence exploration of unstable protocells leads to predictable properties and discovery of collective behavior
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Points, Laurie J., Taylor, James Ward, Grizou, Jonathan, Donkers, Kevin, and Cronin, Leroy
- Published
- 2018
127. The Principles of Ornament
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James Ward, George Aitchison and James Ward, George Aitchison
- Published
- 2019
128. Historic Ornament, Vol. 1 (of 2): Treatise on decorative art and architectural ornament
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James Ward and James Ward
- Published
- 2019
129. Historic Ornament, Vol. 2 (of 2): Treatise on decorative art and architectural ornament
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James Ward and James Ward
- Published
- 2019
130. Colour Decoration of Architecture
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James Ward and James Ward
- Published
- 2019
131. Memory and Enlightenment: Cultural Afterlives of the Long Eighteenth Century
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James Ward and James Ward
- Published
- 2018
132. Fresco Painting
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James Ward and James Ward
- Published
- 2018
133. Shared and Distinctive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Pathways in Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis
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James Ward, Mythri Ambatipudi, Terrance P O'Hanlon, Michael A. Smith, Melissa de Los Reyes, Adam Schiffenbauer, Saifur Rahman, Kamelia Zerrouki, Frederick W. Miller, Miguel A. Sanjuan, Jian‐Liang Li, Kerry A. Casey, and Lisa G. Rider
- Subjects
Rheumatology ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2023
134. The Memory of the Mantle: The Influence of a Time Varying Flow Field on Present Day Observations of Seismic Anisotropy
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James Ward, Andrew Walker, Andy Nowacki, James Panton, and Huw Davies
- Abstract
Seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle is thought to be caused by the non-random alignment of anisotropic crystals from texturing from the mantle flowfield. Therefore, seismic anisotropy observations are commonly interpreted in the context of mantle flow. It is unclear, however, how much of an influence the history of mantle convection has on lowermost mantle seismic anisotropy and whether the present-day flowfield is sufficient for interpretation. We investigate this by comparing the predicted anisotropy from an Earth-like mantle convection model, which includes plate motion histories from 600 Ma and a Rayleigh number of approximately 108. Therefore, these models should contain structures on similar length scales and in similar locations to the Earth. We create maps of anisotropy 50 km above the CMB using the present-day flowfield in one case and allowing the flowfield to change with time in another. For each point, we model the texture development of 500 post-perovskite crystals on their journey through the mantle to the location of interest. We then use single-crystal elastic constants to compute the full elastic tensor from the texture. To investigate what influences material properties have on the memory of mantle texture, we use three different deformation systems where we vary how easily texture can develop. We compare the two maps by taking the difference between radial anisotropy parameters ξ = VSH2/VSV2 and φ = VPV/VPH as this is what is often analysed from seismic tomography. We also present the difference in the final elastic tensors at each location because observations such as from shear wave splitting will be sensitive to more of the full elastic tensor. We find that no matter the deformation model, some regions show very different radial anisotropy strength (>10 % difference). Outside of these regions, there is little effect of a time-varying flowfield (1 % difference). We find a similar pattern when comparing the full elastic tensors, though most regions do show some small differences. Comparing the most complex paths and quantifying the memory of the mantle shows varying results depending on the deformation models of post-perovskite and the flowfield sampled. Assuming an easy-to-deform material, the memory of the mantle was approximately 10 Ma along some paths. However, along other paths, the final texture is sensitive to flow it sampled at 125 Ma. These results show that, while a time-varying flowfield makes a significant difference along complex paths with difficult-to-texture minerals, a time-varying flowfield produces similar results to those when assuming the present-day flowfield. This work represents progress toward an understanding of the relationship between lower mantle seismic anisotropy and mantle convection.
- Published
- 2023
135. Benthic dissolved silicon and iron cycling at glaciated Patagonian fjord heads
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Katharine R Hendry, Hong Chin Ng, Jon Hawkings, Sebastien Bertrand, Brent Summers, Matthew Sieber, Tim Conway, Felipe Sales de Freitas, James Ward, Helena Pryer, Jemma Wadham, and Sandra Arndt
- Abstract
Glacier meltwater supplies a significant amount of silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) sourced from weathered bedrock to downstream ecosystems. However, the extent to which these essential nutrients reach the ocean is regulated by the processes occurring within fjords, which act as conduits from glacial rivers and subglacial discharge and the ocean. One key – but understudied – component of biogeochemistry within fjords is benthic cycling, especially in regions of rapid deposition of reactive particulates at fjord heads. Here, we explore the benthic cycling of Si and Fe at four Patagonian fjord heads through geochemical analyses of sediment pore waters, including stable Si and Fe isotopes (δ30Si and δ56Fe respectively), and novel reaction-transport modelling for Si. A high diffusive flux of dissolved Fe from the fjord sediments compared to open ocean sediments is supported by both reductive and non-reductive dissolution of glacially-sourced reactive Fe phases, as reflected by the range of pore water stable Fe isotopes (δ56Fe from -2.7 to +0.8‰). In contrast, the diffusive flux of dissolved Si from the fjord sediments is relatively low. High pore water δ30Si (up to +3.3‰) observed near the Fe(II)-Fe(III) redox boundary is likely associated with the removal of dissolved Si by Fe(III) mineral phases, which, together with high sedimentation rates, contribute to the low diffusive flux of Si at the sampled sites. Our results suggest that early diagenesis promotes the release of dissolved Fe but suppresses the release of dissolved Si at glaciated fjord heads. The redox sensitive coupling of Si and Fe has significant implications for our understanding of how essential nutrients are transport along fjord systems.
- Published
- 2023
136. Developing a biogas centralised circular bioeconomy using agricultural residues - Challenges and opportunities
- Author
-
Lu Feng, Nabin Aryal, Yeqing Li, Svein Jarle Horn, and Alastair James Ward
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Circular economy ,Nutrient recycling ,Anaerobic digestion ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biogas ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Waste management - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) can be used as a stand-alone process or integrated as part of a larger biorefining process to produce biofuels, biochemicals and fertiliser, and has the potential to play a central role in the emerging circular bioeconomy (CBE). Agricultural residues, such as animal slurry, straw, and grass silage, represent an important resource and have a huge potential to boost biogas and methane yields. Under the CBE concept, there is a need to assess the long-term impact and investigate the potential accumulation of specific unwanted substances. Thus, a comprehensive literature review to summarise the benefits and environmental impacts of using agricultural residues for AD is needed. This review analyses the benefits and potential adverse effects related to developing biogas-centred CBE. The identified potential risks/challenges for developing biogas CBE include GHG emission, nutrient management, pollutants, etc. In general, the environmental risks are highly dependent on the input feedstocks and resulting digestate. Integrated treatment processes should be developed as these could both minimise risks and improve the economic perspective.
- Published
- 2023
137. Comparison of object detection methods for crop damage assessment using deep learning.
- Author
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Ali HamidiSepehr, Seyed Vahid Mirnezami, and James Ward
- Published
- 2019
138. ‘Even though you hate everything that's going on, you know they are safer at home’: The role of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in methamphetamine use harm reduction and their own support needs
- Author
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Sandra Gendera, Carla Treloar, Rachel Reilly, Katherine M. Conigrave, Julia Butt, Yvette Roe, and James Ward
- Subjects
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Health (social science) ,Harm Reduction ,Hate ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Methamphetamine - Abstract
First Nations people who use methamphetamine are overrepresented in regional and remote Australia and more likely to turn to family for support. This can place strain on families. The support needs of family members of individuals using methamphetamine are poorly understood.We conducted 19 focus groups and seven interviews with mostly First Nations community, family members and service providers. In total, 147 participants across six sites participated as part of a larger study investigating First Nations perspectives of how to address methamphetamine use and associated harms. We applied a social and emotional wellbeing framework to examine support needs and role of family in mitigating methamphetamine harms.Findings highlighted the importance of families in providing support to people using methamphetamine and in reducing associated harms, often without external support. The support provided encompassed practical, social, emotional, financial, access to services and maintaining cultural connection. Providing support took a toll on family and negatively impacted their own social and emotional wellbeing.First Nations families play an important and under-recognised role in reducing methamphetamine-related harms and greater efforts are required to support them. Professional resources are needed to deal with impacts of methamphetamine on families; these should be pragmatic, accessible, targeted and culturally appropriate. Support for families and communities should be developed using the social and emotional wellbeing framework that recognises wellbeing and healing as intrinsically connected to holistic health, kinship, community, culture and ancestry, and socioeconomic and historical influences on peoples' lives.
- Published
- 2022
139. Barriers and Facilitators to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Rural South Australia: A Service Providers’ Perspective
- Author
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David Lim, Emily Phillips, Clare Bradley, and James Ward
- Subjects
primary healthcare ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,rural ,hepatitis C ,Indigenous peoples ,health services ,remote - Abstract
This study explored the barriers and facilitators to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in rural South Australia as viewed from a healthcare provider perspective in the era of direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Phase 1 was a qualitative systematic review examining the barriers and enablers to diagnosis and treatment amongst Indigenous peoples living with HCV worldwide. Phase 2 was a qualitative descriptive study with healthcare workers from six de-identified rural and regional Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services in South Australia. The results from both methods were integrated at the analysis phase to understand how HCV treatment could be improved for rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Five main themes emerged: the importance of HCV education, recognizing competing social and cultural demands, the impact of holistic care delivery and client experience, the effect of internal barriers, and overlapping stigma, discrimination, and shame determine how Indigenous peoples navigate the healthcare system and their decision to engage in HCV care. Continued efforts to facilitate the uptake of DAA medications by Aboriginal and Torres Strait peoples in rural areas should utilize a multifaceted approach incorporating education to community and cultural awareness to reduce stigma and discrimination.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Monitoring of Anaerobic Degradation in Batch Assays Using Fiber Bags
- Author
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Alastair James Ward, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Peter Lund, and Nicholas John Hutchings
- Subjects
Degradation models ,General Chemical Engineering ,Anaerobic digestion ,General Chemistry ,Fiber bags ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
The anaerobic batch digestion of freeze-dried and ground (< 1.5 mm) maize silage, wheat straw, cattle manure, pig manure, and cellulose filter paper was investigated with substrates placed in polyester filter bags. Gas production dynamics of bagged and non-bagged substrates were compared. By using batch bottles running in parallel with those used for gas measurement, substrates could be sampled over time and various parameters measured for both substrate and bulk liquid. The bags allowed an immediate mass loss into the bulk liquid with some substrates and a generally lower rate of gas production. This method requires refinement but has potential for the study of the dynamics of substrate degradation during anaerobic digestion.
- Published
- 2023
141. The ecology of the Manx strand line
- Author
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Andrews, James Ward
- Subjects
577 ,Marine ecology - Published
- 1991
142. Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention into an adolescent empowerment and livelihood intervention at youth clubs in rural Uganda
- Author
-
Christian, Canice, primary, Kabami, Jane, additional, Kwarisiima, Dalsone, additional, Beinamatsiko, Blian, additional, Nakato, Hellen, additional, Khakshi, James Ward, additional, Sulaiman, Munshi, additional, Komugisha, Annah, additional, Thirumurthy, Harsha, additional, Havlir, Diane V., additional, Kamya, Moses R., additional, and Chamie, Gabriel, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Risk of severe illness from COVID‐19 among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: the construct of ‘vulnerable populations’ obscures the root causes of health inequities
- Author
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Raglan Maddox, Kate Freeman, Tanya Schramm, Naomi Priest, Jason Agostino, Catherine Chamberlain, Timothy Senior, Mary Belfrage, Jennie Walker, Katherine A Thurber, Eden M. Barrett, James Ward, Vicki Wade, David Peiris, Mark Wenitong, Charlee Law, and Bernard Baffour
- Subjects
risk Factors ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Population ,Context (language use) ,Vulnerable Populations ,Odds ,COVID‐19 ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Social determinants of health ,education ,Pandemics ,racism ,Uncategorized ,education.field_of_study ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Health Inequities ,Odds ratio ,social Determinants of Health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Indigenous Health ,Ordered logit ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business - Abstract
Objective: To quantify the prevalence of known health‐related risk factors for severe COVID‐19 illness among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and their relationship with social determinants. Methods: Weighted cross‐sectional analysis of the 2018‐19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey; Odds Ratios for cumulative risk count category (0, 1, or ≥2 health‐related risk factors) by social factors calculated using ordered logistic regression. Results: Of the adult population, 42.9%(95%CI:40.6,45.2) had none of the examined health‐related risk factors; 38.9%(36.6,41.1) had 1, and 18.2%(16.7,19.7) had ≥2. Adults experiencing relative advantage across social indicators had significantly lower cumulative risk counts, with 30‐70% lower odds of being in a higher risk category. Conclusions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must continue to be recognised as a priority population in all stages of pandemic preparedness and response as they have disproportionate exposure to social factors associated with risk of severe COVID‐19 illness. Indigeneity itself is not a ‘risk’ factor and must be viewed in the wider context of inequities that impact health Implications for public health: Multi‐sectoral responses are required to improve health during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic that: enable self‐determination; improve incomes, safety, food security and culturally‐safe healthcare; and address discrimination and trauma.
- Published
- 2021
144. A HIV diagnosis and treatment cascade for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia
- Author
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Jacqueline H. Stephens, James Ward, Tobias Vickers, Richard Gray, and Rebecca Guy
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,HIV diagnosis ,Population ,Treatment outcome ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Psychological intervention ,Retention in care ,medicine.disease_cause ,Torres strait ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Viral suppression ,business ,education - Abstract
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) people are a priority population for HIV care in Australia; however, no HIV cascade exists for this population. We developed annual HIV cascades for 2010-2017 specific to Aboriginal peoples. By 2017, an estimated 595 Aboriginal people were living with HIV (PLWH); however, 14% remained undiagnosed. Cascade steps below global targets were: PLWH aware of their diagnosis (86%), and retention in care (81% of those who had received any care in previous two years in a sentinel network of clinics). For people retained in care, treatment outcomes surpassed global targets (92% receiving treatment, 93% viral suppression). Increases occurred across all HIV cascade steps over time; however, the least improvement was for retention in care, while the greatest improvement was achieving viral suppression. The HIV cascade for Aboriginal peoples highlights both gaps and strengths in the Australian HIV care system, and importantly highlights where potential interventions may be required to achieve the global UNAIDS targets.
- Published
- 2021
145. Biogeochemical consequences of a changing Arctic shelf seafloor ecosystem
- Author
-
David K. A. Barnes, Neil D. Gray, Felipe Sales de Freitas, Ruth L. Airs, Mark A. Stevenson, Terri Souster, Allyson Tessin, Geoffrey D. Abbott, James Ward, Martin Solan, Karen Tait, Katharine R. Hendry, Saskia Rühl, Jasmin A. Godbold, Ian M. Head, Stephen Widdicombe, Robert G. Hilton, Sian F. Henley, Laura J. Grange, Christian März, Johan C. Faust, Adam J. Reed, and Sandra Arndt
- Subjects
Geologic Sediments ,Nutrient cycle ,Biogeochemical cycle ,Climate Change ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,Trawling ,Permafrost ,biogeochemistry ,nutrients ,Arctic Ocean ,Sea ice ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ice Cover ,Ecosystem ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Arctic Regions ,carbon ,Biogeochemistry ,Nutrients ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 ,General Medicine ,Carbon ,Oceanography ,Benthic zone ,trawling ,Environmental science ,ecology ,Changing Arctic Ocean - Abstract
Unprecedented and dramatic transformations are occurring in the Arctic in response to climate change, but academic, public, and political discourse has disproportionately focussed on the most visible and direct aspects of change, including sea ice melt, permafrost thaw, the fate of charismatic megafauna, and the expansion of fisheries. Such narratives disregard the importance of less visible and indirect processes and, in particular, miss the substantive contribution of the shelf seafloor in regulating nutrients and sequestering carbon. Here, we summarise the biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic shelf seafloor before considering how climate change and regional adjustments to human activities may alter its biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, including ecosystem function, carbon burial, or nutrient recycling. We highlight the importance of the Arctic benthic system in mitigating climatic and anthropogenic change and, with a focus on the Barents Sea, offer some observations and our perspectives on future management and policy.
- Published
- 2021
146. Upper Mantle Structure beneath the Contiguous US Resolved with Array Observations of SKS Multipathing and Slowness Vector Perturbations
- Author
-
James Ward, Michael S Thorne, Andy Nowacki, and Sebastian Rost
- Abstract
Continent-scale observations of seismic phenomena have provided multi-scale constraints of the Earth’s interior. Of those analysed, array-based observations of slowness vector properties (backazimuth and horizontal slowness) and multipathing have yet to be made on a continental scale. Slowness vector measurements give inferences on mantle heterogeneity properties such as velocity perturbation, velocity gradient strength and quantify their effect on the wavefield. Multipathing is a consequence of waves interacting with strong velocity gradients resulting in two arrivals that arrive with different slowness vector properties and times. The mantle structure beneath the contiguous Unites States has been thoroughly analysed by seismic studies and is data-rich, making it an excellent testing ground to analyse mantle structure with our approach and compare with other techniques. We apply an automated array-analysis technique to an SKS dataset to create the first continent-scale dataset of multipathing and slowness vector measurements. We analyse the divergence of the slowness vector deviation field to highlight seismically slow and fast regions in our data. Our results resolve several slow mantle anomalies beneath Yellowstone, the Appalachian mountains and fast anomalies throughout the mantle. Many of the anomalies cause multipathing in frequency bands 0.15–0.30 and 0.20–0.40 Hz which suggests velocity transitions over at most 500 km exist. Comparing our observations to synthetics created from tomography models, we find model NA13 \citeA{bedle_continental_2021} fits our data best but differences still remain. We therefore suggest slowness vector measurements should be used as an additional constraint in tomographic inversions and will lead to better-resolved models of the mantle.
- Published
- 2022
147. Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention into an adolescent empowerment and livelihood intervention at youth clubs in rural Uganda
- Author
-
Canice Christian, Jane Kabami, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Blian Beinamatsiko, Hellen Nakato, James Ward Khakshi, Munshi Sulaiman, Annah Komugisha, Harsha Thirumurthy, Diane V. Havlir, Moses R. Kamya, and Gabriel Chamie
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
The uptake of HIV prevention services is lower among youth than adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Existing youth livelihood trainings offer a potential entry point to HIV prevention services. We determined feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention into youth clubs implementing an empowerment and livelihood for adolescents (ELA) intervention in rural Uganda. Staff conducted community mobilization for youth (15-24 years) over one month. Clubs met (3×/week) over six months, with local peer mentors trained to teach life-skills and sexual/reproductive health education. We integrated mentor-led education on HIV prevention, including pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP). Clubs offered on-site HIV testing, a field trip to a local clinic and PrEP referrals after one month and six months. Surveys were conducted at baseline and six months. Forty-two participants (24 adolescent girls/young women (AGYW) and 18 adolescent boys/young men (ABYM)) joined the clubs. At baseline, no participants accepted referral for PrEP, whereas 5/18 (28%) sexually active, HIV-negative AGYW requested PrEP referral at follow-up. One ABYM requested PEP referral. Integration of HIV prevention services into an established ELA curriculum at mentor-led youth clubs in rural Uganda was feasible. PrEP uptake increased among sexually active AGYW. Evaluation of this approach for HIV prevention among youth merits further study.
- Published
- 2022
148. Indigenous Australians' Experiences of Cancer Care: A Narrative Literature Review
- Author
-
Saira Sanjida, Gail Garvey, James Ward, Roxanne Bainbridge, Anthony Shakeshaft, Stephanie Hadikusumo, Carmel Nelson, Prabasha Thilakaratne, and Xiang-Yu Hou
- Subjects
Narration ,Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Communication ,Neoplasms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Humans ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
To provide the latest evidence for future research and practice, this study critically reviewed Indigenous peoples’ cancer care experiences in the Australian healthcare system from the patient’s point of view. After searching PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases, twenty-three qualitative studies were included in this review. The inductive approach was used for analysing qualitative data on cancer care experience in primary, tertiary and transitional care between systems. Three main themes were found in healthcare services from Indigenous cancer care experiences: communication, cultural safety, and access to services. Communication was an important theme for all healthcare systems, including language and literacy, understanding of cancer care pathways and hospital environment, and lack of information. Cultural safety was related to trust in the system, privacy, and racism. Access to health services was the main concern in transitional care between healthcare systems. While some challenges will need long-term and collective efforts, such as institutional racism as a downstream effect of colonisation, cultural training for healthcare providers and increasing the volume of the Indigenous workforce, such as Indigenous Liaison Officers or Indigenous Care Coordinators, could effectively address this inequity issue for Indigenous people with cancer in Australia in a timely manner.
- Published
- 2022
149. Taking account of neurodiverse learners in the classroom supporting inclusive classroom practices
- Author
-
Craig Goodall and James Ward-Sinclair
- Published
- 2022
150. Mattie by Judy Alter (review)
- Author
-
Lee, James Ward
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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