Search

Little research has been conducted on the nature and impact of system downtime. Downtime may have a major impact both on patient care and on operating costs. We examined different system components that contributed to downtime of an emergency department information system and characterized the frequency and length of these downtimes during a period of four months.

Cases diagnosed with portosystemic shunting between the years 1993 and 2001 were reviewed. Sensitivities of screening tests and abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation for the detection of portosystemic shunting were evaluated. Prognosis for surgically treated shunts was also evaluated. Results indicated that both paired serum bile acids and blood ammonia levels were useful screening tests for portosystemic shunting. However, paired bile acid tests were significantly more sensitive than blood ammonia levels. Overall postoperative mortality rates for extrahepatic shunts and intrahepatic shunts were 8.7% and 20%, respectively. Postoperative mortality rates were slightly higher for animals treated with partial ligation when compared to those treated with ameroid ring placement, although this did not reach statistical significance. Long-term complication rates for animals with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with complete ligation, ameroid ring placement, and partial ligation alone were 9%, 15.4%, and 42%, respectively. Animals >2 years of age with extrahepatic shunts had almost identical postoperative mortality and long-term complication rates as animals ≤2 years of age. No animal in this study had paired bile acid samples within the reference range postoperatively, indicating continued abnormal liver function after surgery.

Objective—To identify subclinical Babesia gibsoni infection in American Pit Bull Terriers from the southeastern United States and to determine the genetic sequence of parasite DNA isolated from these dogs. Design—Case series. Animals—33 American Pit Bull Terriers and 87 dogs of various other breeds. Procedure—Blood smears were examined for microscopic evidence of the parasite, and DNA was extracted from blood samples and used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to amplify the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence of B gibsoni. Amplification products of the expected size were sequenced, and sequences were compared with published sequences for B gibsoni isolates. Hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, WBC count, and eosinophil count were compared between dogs with positive PCR assay results and dogs with negative results. Results—Results of the PCR assay were positive for 18 of the 33 (55%) American Pit Bull Terriers, including all 10 dogs with microscopic evidence of parasitemia. Only 1 of these dogs was clinically ill at the time blood samples were collected. Results of microscopic evaluation of blood smears and of the PCR assay were negative for the 87 other dogs. Hematocrit and platelet count were significantly lower in dogs with positive PCR assay results than in dogs with negative results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that American Pit Bull Terriers in the southeastern United States may be subclinically infected with B gibsoni. However, subclinical infection was not identified in dogs of other breeds from the same geographic area. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220: 325–329)

Objective: To investigate adult heights attained by patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and to perform a meta-analysis of height outcomes reported in this population. Study design: A retrospective chart review of our patients >5 years of age (n = 65) who were followed up from 1978 to 1998 for 21-hydroxylase deficiency was conducted. Final height (FH) SD scores and target height (TH) SD scores were determined. The impact of sex, time of diagnosis, and compliance was assessed. Meta-analysis of results from 18 studies was performed; TH was available for 204 of 561 patients. Results: Mean FH SD score–TH SD score for our 65 patients was –1.03. For the meta-analysis, mean weighted FH SD score for all 561 patients was –1.37, whereas weighted mean FH SD score–TH SD score for the 204 patients for whom TH was available was –1.21. No difference in outcome was seen for males compared with females, although a statistically significant difference was seen for patients identified early versus late. Conclusions: Adult height in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency is often within 1 SD of TH. Early diagnosis and good compliance appear to improve the outcome. Rather than pursuing alternate therapies for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, efforts may instead be focused on early detection and improved compliance with traditional medical therapy. (J Pediatr 2001;138:26-32)

Objective—To evaluate the seasonal influence, signalment, type of hay consumed, clinical examination findings, and outcome after surgery for horses with ileal impaction. Study Design—A retrospective study. Results—Between 1988 and 1993, 28 horses had surgical correction of ileal impaction. There was a significantly higher rate of ileal impaction during the Fall (September-November, P= .0041). Mean duration of clinical signs of abdominal pain before referral was 15 hours. Transrectal palpation was used to localize the impaction in 11 horses. The ileal impaction was reduced by extraluminal massage aided by admixing of intestinal fluid oral to the impaction or injection of fluids intraluminally and then movement of the ingesta into the cecum alone in 24 horses. A total of 26 horses recovered from surgery; 24 horses were discharged from the hospital and eventually returned to previous use. Two horses had fatal postoperative complications: jejunocec-ostomy dehiscence and development of extensive small intestine adhesions after manual reduction of the impaction. One horse initially treated by manual reduction required jejunocecostomy twice for management of recurrent ileal impaction. Follow-up information was obtained for 21 horses, of which 20 were alive 1 year or longer after surgery. A total of 27 of 28 horses were fed Coastal Bermudagrass hay as the primary type of hay consumed. A total of 9 horses continued to be fed Coastal Bermudagrass hay as the only roughage source, whereas 6 horses were fed Coastal Bermudagrass with at least 50% other hay, and in 6 horses, Coastal Bermudagrass hay was entirely eliminated from the diet. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Ileal impactions can be successfully reduced by celiotomy and extraluminal massage and injection techniques to soften the ingesta for passage into the cecum without enterotomy or bypass techniques in most horses. Changes in weather and feeding practices in the Fall may account for an increased risk of ileal impaction in horses in the southeastern United States at that time of year.

Doppler ultrasonography was performed on the cerebral arteries of 19 neonatal dogs. Vascular structures were identified using anatomic preparations of brains pre-injected with a radiopaque silicone rubber product and cleared using a modified tissue clearing technique. Brain sections were subsequently radiographed or examined under a stereomicroscope. Color flow Doppler imaging was used to facilitate positioning of the Doppler calipers for measurement of peak systolic velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, and resistance index. Blood flow velocities in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries were lower when measured in transverse images than in sagittal images. The rostral cerebral arteries could be measured using either plane but values obtained from different locations or using different methods of measurement were statistically different. Blood flow velocities generally increased during the first month after birth. Arterial signals were diphasic with flow throughout diastole. Resistance indices most often were between 0.6 and 0.7 and did not exceed 0.86.

The progression of hip dysplasia was investigated in 116 military working dogs. Serial pelvic radiographs were graded for degree of dysplasia and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Norberg angles, angles of inclination, and joint space widths were measured. There was a significant correlation between the Norberg angle and the degree of dysplasia (p less than 0.0001). Angles of inclination and joint space width measurements did not demonstrate a correlation to canine hip dysplasia. Dysplastic dogs had a significant estimated risk for development of DJD compared to normal dogs (p less than 0.0001; odds ratio of 70.2). Dogs with normal hip conformation at 24 months of age or older did not develop moderate nor severe DJD.

A simplified technique for laparoscopic gastropexy (group 1) was compared to belt-loop gastropexy (group 2) in eight adult male dogs randomly divided into two groups of four dogs each. Our hypothesis was that a satisfactory laparoscopic gastropexy would approximate the strength and operative time required for belt-loop gastropexy. Operative time, surgical complications, postoperative morbidity, gross and histological appearance, radiographic microvascularization, and maximal tensile strength were measured and compared between the two groups. All dogs recovered from surgery. No morbidity was associated with either procedure. The mean (+/- SD) duration of surgery was 69.75 +/- 7.23 minutes for group 1 and 58.75 +/- 7.63 minutes for group 2. Fifty days after surgery, the microvascular appearance of the gastropexy site was similar for both groups. Blood vessels were observed within each seromuscular flap but vascular ingrowth to the abdominal musculature was observed in only two dogs, one from each group. The maximum tensile strength at 50 days was 76.55 +/- 22.78 for group 1 and 109.21 +/- 22.29 N for group 2. Differences between surgical duration and maximum tensile strength were not statistically significant (P > .05). Histologically, all gastropexies consisted of an adhesion composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. The results of this study indicate that laparoscopic gastropexy provides a minimally invasive alternative to open abdominal prophylactic gastropexy in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effrcacy of using a telecommunication system to assist in the outpatient management of pediatric patients with insulin- dependent diabetes. Metabolic control, patients' psychosocial status, family functioning, perceived quality of life, patterns of parental/child responsibility for daily diabetes maintenance, and nursing time-on-task were evaluated. One hundred six pediatric patients (mean age= 13.3 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control outpatient clinic for 1 year. Experimental subjects transmitted self-monitoring blood glucose data by modem to the hospital every 2 weeks. Transmitted data were reviewed by nurse practitioners who telephoned subjects to discuss regimen adjustments. Control subjects received standard care with regimen adjustments made by physicians. There were no significant between-group differences for metabolic control, rates of hospitalization or emergency-room visits, psychological status, general family functioning, quality of life, or parent-child responsibility. A significant decrease was noted in nursing time-on-task for experimental subjects.

This study evaluated the effect of notchplasty (enlargement of the intercondylar fossa) in stable and unstable canine stifles. Bilateral notchplasty and unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection were performed in 6 dogs. Exercise, consisting of walking 1.5 miles three times a week, began 1 month after surgery and continued until euthanasia 6 months after surgery. Evaluation methods included orthopedic examination, serial radiographs, thin section radiography, histopathology, and gross pathology. Notchplasty in the stable stifle did not cause lameness beyond 3 weeks, joint instability, or degenerative joint disease. In the stable stifle, smooth resurfacing of the notchplasty site with fibrous and osseous tissue occurred. Stifles with notchplasty and CrCL transection exhibited persistent lameness, instability, and degenerative joint disease. In CrCL deficient stifles osteophytes formed within the notchplasty site, resulting in a rough surface. Our observations indicated significant refilling in notchplasties of both stable and unstable stifles (P < .05). However, the intercondylar fossa (ICF) width 6 months after notchplasty was significantly smaller in unstable stifles compared with stable stifles (P < .05) indicating that greater refilling of the notchplasties occurred in the unstable stifles. In clinical cases, notchplasty should be larger than the desired final result to accomodate the partial refilling that occurs even in stable stifles.

The intercondylar fossa (ICF) in dogs consists of a cranial outlet, intercondylar shelf, caudal arch, caudal outlet, a medial wall, and a lateral wall. The normal cranial outlet is bell-shape and, in mixed-breed dogs (mean body weight 19.2 kg, N = 21), measured 5.8 mm cranially, 8.1 mm centrally, and 10.3 mm caudally. The ICF is oriented 12 degrees from the dorsal plane of the femoral diaphysis and obliqued 7 degrees, proximolateral to distomedial, in the sagittal plane. To adjust for dog size, a fossa width index (FWI) was calculated by dividing the cranial outlet width by the distance between epicondyles. The normal FWI as determined in this study was 0.18 cranially, 0.25 centrally, and 0.32 caudally. The fossa height index 0.31. Contact between the ICF and the cranial cruciate ligament began at about 115 degrees of extension. The contact area moved cranially in the intercondylar fossa as the stifle was extended. Evaluation of the ICF can be performed radiographically but positioning is critical.

A model simulating acute-compressive spinal cord trauma at the second lumbar spinal cord segment (100 g, 300 seconds) was used to evaluate the efficacy of a vehicle control, methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), and a 21-aminosteroid compound (U74389G). Dogs were allocated into one of five treatment groups (A to E) using ultrasonographic determination of spinal cord diameters to ensure even distribution of spinal cord diameters among the treatment groups. Initial dosages of the vehicle control (A), methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg of body weight) (B), or U74389G (30 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg of body weight) (C, D, or E, respectively) were administered intravenously 30 minutes after trauma. Dosages were reduced by one-half for 2 and 6 hour treatments. Then every 4 hours for 42 hours, dosages were reduced one-third and one-sixth from the original dose of methylprednisolone and U74389G, respectively. Neurological examinations were performed daily for 21 days. Histopathological examination of the traumatized spinal cord showed malacic and degenerative lesions. Although significant differences in some portions of the neurological and histopathologic examinations were observed, clinical efficacy for MPSS and U74389G could not be established in this model.

Plasma alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentrations, erythrocyte osmotic fragility and detergent sensitivity were measured at 8 week intervals in two 1-year-old male beagle dogs fed a vitamin E-deficient diet (0.08 mg per kg alpha-T) and in two control beagles fed the same diet supplemented with vitamin E (90 mg per kg alpha-T). Beginning at 24 weeks, dialuric acid haemolysis and spontaneous haemolysis were evaluated also. In the vitamin E-deficient dogs, plasma alpha-T concentrations declined progressively from baseline values of 20.5 and 31.3 micrograms per ml to 0.11 and 0.07 micrograms per ml, respectively, by 90 weeks. The supplemented dogs maintained alpha-T concentrations between 18.3 and 38.4 micrograms per ml. Both dialuric acid haemolysis (R = -0.89) and spontaneous haemolysis (R = -0.91) increased with declining plasma alpha-T concentration. In the dialuric acid haemolysis assay, 50 per cent haemolysis occurred when plasma alpha-T declined to 1.7 micrograms per ml, compared with spontaneous haemolysis in which 50 per cent haemolysis occurred when plasma alpha-T declined to 0.5 micrograms per ml. Osmotic fragility and detergent sensitivity remained unchanged in the vitamin E-deficient dogs throughout the study. Of the four tests, dialuric acid haemolysis was the most sensitive in-vitro assay for vitamin E deficiency in adult dogs.

SUMMARY. A case-control study was performed to determine the significance of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) as a risk factor associated with secondary disease in commercial broilers and to identify the significance of production losses associated with CIAV. The study also examined the relationship between bursal and thymic atrophy and the presence of CIAV. Cases were defined as submissions to the Alabama Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories with a history of clinical disease and with a diagnosis of coccidiosis, gangrenous dermatitis, or respiratory disease. Controls were selected from submissions with neither a history of disease nor evidence of disease on necropsy. CIAV was detected in fresh tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Both thymic atrophy and the detection of CIAV were significantly associated with a disease case (P < 0.05). Bursal atrophy was a significant risk factor associated with the detection of CIAV in a submission (P < 0.05). Whereas CIAV was associated with disease cases that showed production losses in both percentage of livability and percentage of condemnations (P < 0.05), detection of CIAV alone was not associated with detectable losses in production or flock performance.

The Prospect for a Reasonable Adult Height in Patients with 21-hydroxylase Deficiency Is Dismal...or Is it?

Figm. 1:o Mp Sofn 4 weserndTurey,acetpaenmsiciais(.Lod nin Ture ELon d in Ba i g. rCa ae uan a5NOg~~~adaSi Pri'~ ' ~ Burdu sparta Bey~ehaK ataaErag AEGEANzan rktel Ka ehir SEA e :.MPea (Ina) Pr SlgumLaana CO?F.E aa Antya anvt C3 )tnentheeAk Fhir a Tuz Elacus (Muk yreDia)L aai (/R sOerS &,wo ~ u (Acni.um iufl (Colo AM MDIERANANSE Fi...1....Map .i"of weserd Trky;aniet elac naesrnialc S ly Kaapncien Turkey.. [Lndn 99]fi.r)

L'acropole mycenienne d'Athenes n'est pas encore connue parfaitement, c'est pourquoi l'A. s'attache a montrer un nouveau systeme de porte a chicanes qui differe sensiblement de celui de ces predecesseurs. En outre il propose une plausible reconstitution de la citerne archaique

Sera from 1341 Alabama cattle representing 65 of 67 countries (97%) were tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) using the agar gel precipitin (AGP) test. Those positive by AGP were tested of type-specific antibodies to BTV serotype 2 using the serum neutralization (SN) test. Four hundred and forty-six of the 1341 samples (33%) were positive by AGP. 446 samples (19%) were positive for antibodies to BTV serotype 2 (BTV-2). When these sera were tested using the SN test, 28 of the 84 (33%) had titers that were 4-fold greater to BTV-2 than to the other four serotypes of BTV present in the U.S.A. Sera positive for antibodies to BTV-2 were from 19 of Alabama's 67 counties.

A recent article by Dr H. Plommer (‘Shadowy Megara’, JHS xcvii [1977] 75–88) has once again brought to our attention one of the many unresolved architectural problems at the Argive Heraeum—the date of the megalithic terrace on which the archaic temple was built. This terrace has been variously assigned to the Mycenaean, Geometric and Archaic periods and its role in the foundation of the cult has never been ascertained. In view of this continuing lack of consensus among modern scholars and the murkiness of the history of the origins of the Hera sanctuary, a restatement and re-examination of the evidence are in order. In this article I will first consider the date of the terrace and then attempt to place it in the perspective of early cult activity in the Argolid. This will require a survey of the proposed dates for the terrace and a close look at the remains of the Archaic Hera temple and its stratigraphic and architectural relation to the terrace. An inquiry into the form of the terrace will lead to an explanation of its unique architectural form and to a hypothesis for the reason for its construction. Inspection of the remains and a reconstruction of the original form of other early cult centers, notably Mycenae and Tiryns, will provide a context for understanding the origin and architectural form of the early Heraeum. In conclusion I will suggest that the presence of Mycenaean monuments in the Argolid, more than elsewhere, played a crucial role in the formation and architectural organization of the principal cults.

Journal use studies from 15 libraries are compared. The size of the collections of these libraries ranges from 185 to 48,000 periodical titles, and the duration of the studies ranges from 3 to 48 months. The mean number of recorded uses per month per title is 3.65 (standard deviation = 4.13). Studies are grouped according to size of the library (less than 4,000 or greater than or equal to 4,000) and percent use (less than 50% and greater than or equal to 50%). There is a significant inverse relationship between the size of the library and the percent use.

Schmidt syndrome (PGA syndrome type II) is a rare condition characterized by polyglandular failure. It is an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity that was inherited over four generations in an Indiana kindred. Association of HLA-B8 has been reported with Schmidt syndrome. Our proband is a 12-year-old boy with Addison disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and vitiligo. Two of his eight sibs had either IDDM (sister) or vitiligo and hyperthyroidism (brother). His mother had hypothyroidism. Seven members of earlier generations apparently were also affected. We obtained peripheral blood for HLA and genetic analysis from 21 relatives in a family with 8 Schmidt syndrome individuals in three generations. HLA studies on 15 affected and unaffected relatives showed only 2 of 7 persons with B8-containing haplotypes. Therefore, no association exists between the B8-containing haplotype and the syndrome. We identified informative marker loci. No evidence for linkage of the Schmidt locus to any of the 14 markers was found and close linkage to esterase D and adenylate kinase and possibly properdin factor B was excluded.

Extract: Pseudohypoaldosteronism is an uncommon disorder characterized by urinary sodium wasting and is attributed to a defect in distal renal tubular sodium handling with failure to respond to endogenous aldosterone. Sweat electrolyte values in other reported patients, when measured, have been normal. A 3.5-year-old girl developed repeated episodes of dehydration, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia during the first 19 months of life. Serum sodium was as low as 113 mEq/liter and potassium as high as 11.1 mEq/liter. Her plasma and urinary aldosterone levels were persistently elevated (Figs. 1–4). Unlike patients with classic pseudohypoaldosteronism she demonstrated no urinary sodium wasting (Figs. 2 and 3). During episodes of hyponatremia and reduced sodium intake her urinary sodium was less than 5 mEq/liter. In addition, her sweat sodium concentration was consistently above 125 mEq/liter and salivary sodium concentration above 58 mEq/liter. Her chest x-ray, 72-hr fecal fat excretion, serum and urinary pancreatic amylase (amy-2) were normal, providing no evidence for cystic fibrosis. It is proposed that this patient represents a new variant of pseudohypoaldosteronism with excessive loss of sodium from the sweat and salivary glands instead of the kidneys. Spectulation: Aldosterone is known to control sodium and potassium excretion by kidneys, sweat glands, and salivary glands. In patients with classic pseudohypoaldosteronism there is a defect in renal tubular response to aldosterone action. Studies in the present patient suggest that there may be variants of this syndrome in which the end organ defect is in the sweat and salivary glands instead of the renal tubule. In addition, it is possible that new variants will be found in which end organ defect is in still other organs concerned with electrolyte transport.

In this article we examine archaeological and epigraphical evidence pertaining to the architectural reconstruction of the Archives Rooms in the Palace of Nestor at Pylos, with the aim of understanding how the rooms fit into the total architectural layout of the palace and how the records within them relate to scribal and work activity in and around the palace. We reconstruct two external doors into the Archives Complex, a primary door in the inner room and a secondary door in the outer one. This suggested reconstruction best accommodates the discernible patterns of scribal activity conditioned by architectural modifications to the overall palace plan in late LH IIIB. Our reconstruction also suits the function of the Archives Rooms as the central focus of record-keeping activity in the palace. While excavating under the direction of Carl W. Blegen in 1939 at the site of Ano Englianos, William A. McDonald discovered the first Linear B tablets on the mainland of Greece in a two-room complex that, through excavation in the years 1952-1964, was found to be in a prominent and central location at the major southeastern entrance to the Palace of Nestor (ill. 2: Rooms 7-8). This two-room suite yielded by far the largest number of Linear B tablets that has ever been discovered in a single location.1 Blegen correctly referred to the two rooms as the Archives Complex, and in fact they may have contained the only genuine archives of Linear B documents that have yet been found.2 Despite their obvious importance, the precise nature and function of these rooms have never been studied in detail. We do not know how these archives fit into the general scheme of scribal activity in the palace, nor is it clear how the rooms themselves fit into the total architectural layout, which must have determined the patterns of scribal and other work. How did the scribes use these two rooms? How did their work there relate to their activities elsewhere in the palace? What do the placement and plan of the Archives Complex (hereafter AC) reveal about the architectural conception of the palace and its overall system of organization? We ask these specific questions in the hope that by answering them we may gain insights into the function of the whole palace as well as of its many separate parts. Such an attempt requires coordinating analysis of the written documents with that of the architectural * The authors wish to thank Mabel L. Lang and Cynthia Shelmerdine for participating with them in an open seminar at Bryn Mawr College in March 1982, during which the problems addressed in this article were first considered. Thanks are also owed to the University of Cincinnati Archaeological Excavations and E. Tucker Blackburn for making microfilm copies of the original excavation notebooks available to Palaima, who wishes to acknowledge also the characteristically generous assistance of Emmett L. Bennett, Jr. Ingo Pini kindly shared with us the latest information on Linear A sealings. The completion of this study would not have been possible without the help of an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship (Wright) held at the Archaeological Seminar of the Philipps University, Marburg, and sponsored by Professor Bernard Andreae, and an ACLS fellowship for postdoctoral research at the Institute for Research in the Humanities of the University of Wisconsin (Palaima). Bruce Redford and Cynthia Shelmerdine helped greatly in the revision of this text for publication. The abbreviations used in the footnotes are those given in AJA 82 (1978) 3-10 with the following additions: MT 2: E.L. Bennett, Jr., The Mycenae Tablets 2 (TAPS n.s. 48:1, 1958). PCA: C.W. Shelmerdine and T.G. Palaima eds., Pylos Comes Alive: Industry and Administration in a Mycenaean Palace (New York 1984). PN: C.W. Blegen and M. Rawson, The Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia 1 (Princeton 1966). PTT 1, 2: E.L. Bennett, Jr. and J.-P. Olivier, The Pylos Tablets Transcribed, Parts 1 and 2 (Rome 1973 and 1976). Reference will be made to excavation notebooks by name (year) and page number. Room numbers are those appearing on the general site plan (ill. 2). Reference to findspots of tablets from the Archives Complex is according to the grid in ill. 6, in which the Archives Complex is divided into 1 m. squares. Within each meter square a 10 cm. grid with the same system of numeration and the same orientation should be understood. Location is then designated by 1 m. square (bold) and 10 cm. square (plain), thus: 1333, 6483, etc. See PTT 2.23. All illustrations are by Wright. Of the more fully preserved tablets from Pylos, 767 were found in or obviously displaced from Rooms 7 And 8. In contrast, Mycenae, Thebes and Tiryns together have produced fewer than 150 inscribed tablets, and the two possible archives complexes at Knossos contained only 293 (Bureau C) and 261 (Bureau I) respectively. A detailed statistical breakdown of the number and types of Linear B inscriptions at different sites is given by A. Bartonak, "The Linear B Series and Their Quantitative Evaluation," Res Mycenaeae (Akten des VII. internationalen mykenologischen Colloquium in Nuirnberg vom 6.-10. April 1981, Gittingen 1983) 15-27. 2 For a discussion of the use of the term "archives," see M. de Jong Ellis, "Correlation of Archaeological and Written Evidence for the Study of Mesopotamian Institutions and Chronology," AJA 87 (1983) 497, n. 2, and 499. The special characteristics of Linear B archives are discussed by J.-P. Olivier, "Administrations at Knossos and Pylos: What Differences?" PCA 15-17. 251 American Journal of Archaeology 89 (1985) This content downloaded from 157.55.39.198 on Fri, 17 Jun 2016 05:44:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 252 THOMAS G. PALAIMA AND JAMES C. WRIGHT [AJA 89

Wave forces on a horizontal circular cylinder were experimentally measured to determine the influence of a plane boundary (e/D), water particle displacement (A/D), and water depth (h/D) on these forces. The transition from potential flow conditions to real flow conditions is considered. The variation of force coefficients of inertia, lift, and drag with respect to e/D, A/D, and h/D is identified.

Pyrite is the characteristic sulfide mineral throughout most of the Nonesuch Shale, which is 400 to 600 feet thick. In a zone 1 to 50 feet thick at the base of the formation, the dominant sulfide is chalcocite. The top of this cupriferous zone is marked by the upward mineral sequence chalcocite-bornite-chalcopyrite-pyrite. The boundary between the zones transgresses stratigraphy, and has the geometry of a simple, rather smooth envelope. Its regional configuration suggests that the copper is not syngenetic, but that it is related instead to a zone of wedging in the underlying Copper Harbor Conglomerate. Copper, introduced from below, may have replaced syngenetic iron-sulfide.

1. 1. An analysis is presented of 175 consecutive patients with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia seen in a teaching hospital practice over a period of 15 years. 2. 2. Underlying organic heart disease was found in 131 patients (75 per cent), all of whom represented, in general, an older age group than the patients with normal hearts. Arteriosclerosis and hypertension were the most frequent etiologies, being found in 88 (67 per cent) of the cases with diseased hearts. 3. 3. Of the supraventricular tachycardias in patients with organic heart disease, 45 (35 per cent) were complicated by second and third degree atrioventricular block, which usually could be attributed to complicating digitalis intoxication. 4. 4. Serious clinical symptoms were only rarely observed in patients with normal hearts. In contrast, chest pain, heart failure, and shock were frequent manifestations of the disorder in organic heart disease. 5. 5. Aberration of the QRS complexes during tachycardia was as frequent in normal hearts as in diseased hearts. Atrial rates were noted to be higher in the group with atrioventricular block, resulting in confusion of the electrocardiographic diagnosis with slow atrial flutter. The diagnostic criteria are outlined. 6. 6. The usual methods of termination, utilizing carotid sinus pressure mechanical reflex increase in vagus tone, were much less effective in the patients with organic heart disease than in normal patients. If such measures failed, digitalis therapy was found to be the most effective method if it was not a factor in the production of the rhythm disorder. 7. 7. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with atrioventricular block presents a special problem in therapy. There is usually gratifying restoration to sinus rhythm upon discontinuation of digitalis and administration of potassium salts. 8. 8. The prognosis of these disorders depends upon the underlying etiology. In myocardial infarction it is uniformly poor, but a few cases can be salvaged by proper therapy. 9. 9. Methods of management in other unusual situations, and prevention of recurrences are discussed.

Seventy-five cases of hypopituitarism were reviewed; forty-five were examples of idiopathic somatotropin deficiency, alone or in combination with other tropin defects, eleven were idiopathic cases of isolated gonadotropin deficiency, and nineteen were cases of central nervous system lesions within or above the pituitary. The presenting complaints for each group, respectively, were growth failure, sexual immaturity, and either neurologic symptoms or diabetes insipidus. Because of characteristic symptoms and almost uniform abnormalities on skull films, the last group was easily separated from the other two. The second group did not show retarded growth, and results of tests of pituitary function were normal except for the persistent absence of gonadotropins. Contrary to previous reports, growth failure was noted by one year of age in 35.9 per cent of patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities were common, and two thirds of a small group tested were insulin-sensitive. Serum nonprotein or urea nitrogen levels were frequently elevated; serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were within normal limits, and serum cholesterol usually varied as expected on the basis of intact or absent TSH in any one patient. In order of decreasing frequency, deficiencies of gonadotropin, ACTH and TSH were noted. A decreased sulfation factor, a diminished metapirone response, and hypoglycemic unresponsiveness accompanying growth failure, are the most characteristic laboratory abnormalities of idiopathic hypopituitarism and are considered the most helpful tools in arriving at a diagnosis in the child.

We present a workflow using an ETD-optimised version of Mascot Percolator and a modified version of SLoMo (turbo-SLoMo) for analysis of phosphoproteomic data. We have benchmarked this against several database searching algorithms and phosphorylation site localisation tools and show that it offers highly sensitive and confident phosphopeptide identification and site assignment with PSM-level statistics, enabling rigorous comparison of data acquisition methods. We analysed the Plasmodium falciparum schizont phosphoproteome using for the first time, a data-dependent neutral loss-triggered-ETD (DDNL) strategy and a conventional decision-tree method. At a posterior error probability threshold of 0.01, similar numbers of PSMs were identified using both methods with a 73% overlap in phosphopeptide identifications. The false discovery rate associated with spectral pairs where DDNL CID/ETD identified the same phosphopeptide was, Graphical abstract, Highlights • We report and benchmark a data analysis pipeline for phosphoproteomic data analysis. • Combined use of Mascot Percolator and turbo-SLoMo to compare fragmentation methods • CID and ETD fragmentation for phosphorylation site identification • Demonstrate the utility of data-dependent neutral loss triggered ETD fragmentation • High confidence of phosphoproteomic analysis using ETD/CID spectral pairs

Where wake effects are negligible, potential flow calculations predict well the lift and added mass forces acting on pipelines near the ocean floor when subjected to time dependent flows. Wake effects have a significant influence on the flow conditions and measured frequencies of vortex shedding can predict the drag force acting on the cylinder. The Strouhal number is a function of the gap below the cylinder. The added mass coefficient is much larger when the cylinder is near the boundary than when it is a free stream.