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The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a test widely used to assess the integrity of the brain stem. Although it is considered to be an auditory-evoked potential that is influenced by the physical characteristics of the stimulus, such as rate, polarity and type of stimulus, it may also be influenced by the change in several parameters. The use of anesthetics may adversely influence the value of the ABR wave latency. One of the anesthetics used for e ABR assessment, especially in animal research, is the ketamine/xylazine combination. Our objective was to determine the influence of the ketamine/xylazine anesthetic on the ABR latency values in adult gerbils. The ABRs of 12 adult gerbils injected with the anesthetic were collected on three consecutive days, or a total of six collections, namely: pre-collection and A, B, C, D, and E collections. Before each collection the gerbil was injected with a dose of ketamine (100 mg/kg)/xylazine (4 mg/kg). For the capture of the ABR, 2000 click stimuli were used with rarefaction polarity and 13 stimuli per second, 80 dBnHL intensity and in-ear phones. A statistically significant difference was observed in the latency of the V wave in the ABR of gerbils in the C and D collections compared to the pre-, A and E collections, and no difference was observed between the pre-, A, B, and E collections. We conclude that the use of ketamine/xylazine increases the latency of the V wave of the ABR after several doses injected into adult gerbils; thus clinicians should consider the use of this substance in the assessment of ABR.

This study aimed to analyze the winter indoor thermal environment of herdsman settlement residential building in China's western mountain grassland area. The method of analysis is field testing, include indoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor air temperature and humidity .The result shows the relationship betweenindoor thermal environment and envelope materials, heating methods, location of rooms. In addition, the influence was quantified in 0~15°C in winter. Finally, advice put forward to promote the indoor thermalenvironment.

145 exploitations laitières du département de la Haute-Loire utilisant de l’ensilage d’herbe ont fait l’objet d’une enquête détaillée concernant à la fois la structure de l’exploitation et du troupeau, les pratiques alimentaires et les conditions de traite et d’hygiène des animaux. Ces données ont été analysées en liaison avec les variables caractérisant la composition chimique du lait et sa contamination en spores butyriques. Les écarts observés d’une exploitation à l’autre pour ces variables sont importants : respectivement 6 et 5 g/l entre les étables extrêmes pour les taux butyreux et protéique à l’échelle de l’année, la contamination butyrique variant de 300 à 16 000 spores/l. Les écarts de composition chimique sont principalement expliqués par les 3 facteurs suivants : type de ration de base, race des animaux et période de vêlage. Les écarts de contamination butyrique sont d’abord liés au type de ration de base utilisé (importance de l’ensilage d’herbe dans la ration) et à la propreté des animaux et des bâtiments. Peu d’exploitations appliquent l’ensemble des précautions nécessaires à l’obtention d’un lait peu contaminé en spores butyriques.