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Background: Poorly-defined cases (PDCs) of focal epilepsy are cases with no/subtle MRI abnormalities or have abnormalities extending beyond the lesion visible on MRI. Here, we evaluated the utility of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI perfusion in PDCs of pediatric focal epilepsy. Methods: ASL MRI was obtained in 25 consecutive children presenting with poorly-defined focal epilepsy (20 MRI- positive, 5 MRI-negative). Qualitative visual inspection and quantitative analysis with asymmetry and Z-score maps were used to detect perfusion abnormalities. ASL results were compared to the hypothesized epileptogenic zone (EZ) derived from other clinical/imaging data and the resection zone in patients with Engel I/II outcome and >18 month follow-up. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed perfusion abnormalities in 17/25 total cases (68%), 17/20 MRI-positive cases (85%) and none of the MRI-negative cases. Quantitative analysis confirmed all cases with abnormalities on qualitative analysis, but found 1 additional true-positive and 4 false-positives. Concordance with the surgically-proven EZ was found in 10/11 cases qualitatively (sensitivity=91%, specificity=50%), and 11/11 cases quantitatively (sensitivity=100%, specificity=23%). Conclusions: ASL perfusion may support the hypothesized EZ, but has limited localization benefit in MRI-negative cases. Nevertheless, owing to its non-invasiveness and ease of acquisition, ASL could be a useful addition to the pre-surgical MRI evaluation of pediatric focal epilepsy.

A rapid microwave-assisted extraction and derivatization of three branched chain fatty acids (BCFA): 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA), 4-ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of lamb was developed and validated. Linearity was excellent (R2 > 0.99), and the limits of detection and quantification (μg/mL) were between 0.03 to 0.05 and 0.04 to 0.06, respectively. The relative response factors were 0.9416, 1.2840, and 1.0370 determined with high precision (RSD: 5.8%, 6.7%, and 5.9%) for MOA, EOA, and MNA, respectively. The accuracy, recoveries and matrix effect were 92.5% to 108.3%, 103.1% to 103.8%, and 89.3% to 101.9%, respectively. Analysis of 24 SAT samples can be done in under 4 hr. The levels of total BCFA in SAT of lambs were in good agreement with levels found in literature using more time-consuming method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Microwave-assisted preparation and quantification of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) in lamb subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was developed and validated. This method requires the use of less toxic chemicals and a relatively higher number of samples can be analyzed in a short period of time in comparison to established methods of fatty acid analysis. The validated method met the internationally accepted standards, and the BCFA levels in lamb SAT were consistent with published values; consequently, the method can be used for future analyses.

The growing trend towards the utilisation of biomass to produce fuels and chemicals has the potential to produce large quantities of protein-rich wastes that may be unsuitable for use as a feed. This protein waste could instead serve as a sustainable feedstock for the production of useful nitrogen-containing bio-based chemicals. We report herein the production of γ-aminobutyric acid from glutamic acid via a microwave-assisted decarboxylation reaction using isophorone as an inducer reagent. High yields of 63% can be achieved with only short reaction times (7 min) required. The influences of inducer loading, reaction time and hydrochloric acid concentration used for hydrolysis step of the work up were investigated at different scales. As a proof of concept, glutamic acid was facilely isolated from waste gluten, via microwave assisted hydrolysis, and subsequently decarboxylated with success. To the best of our knowledge this is the first organocatalytic route to γ-aminobutyric acid using glutamic acid as a reagent, and represents an alternative cleaner route to a valuable precursor for bio-based solvents, polymers and pharmaceuticals.

Carnivores are important components of ecological communities with wide-ranging effects that vary with carnivore size, natural history, and hunting tactics. Researchers and managers should strive to understand both the presence and distribution of carnivores within their local environment. We studied the carnivore guild in the Apostle Islands, where the distribution and occupancy of carnivores was largely unknown. We monitored 19 islands with 160 functioning camera traps from 2014-2017, from which we collected 203,385 photographs across 49,280 trap nights. We documented 7,291 total wildlife events with 1,970 carnivore events, and detected 10 of the 12 terrestrial carnivores found in Wisconsin. Detection rates for species were generally higher in summer than winter, except for coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Finitesample occupancy estimates for carnivores varied across islands, with mean estimated occupancy across islands varying from a high of 0.73 for black bears to a low of 0.21 f...

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the degree of correlation of information literacy competency and social-emotional behavior of high school students. Specifically, three assessment instruments were administered to a sample of ninth and eleventh grade students in Orange County. Respondents indicated the relative degree of their information literacy competency and socialemotional behavior. Sample research reports of those students were rated by their teachers. Correlation statistics tested hypotheses linking literacy and behavior. Persistence and “getting along” were the best predictors of information literacy and research success.

At least 1 in 166 children are born with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but few school libraries provide resources and services explicitly targeting this population. This paper explains the characteristics and educational challenges of children with ASD; and provides ways to create an inclusive library environment that offers a rich variety of resources and services that engage these children. Tips for training library staff relative to ASD are also given.

Root-cause of instability in carbon nanotubes memristors is analyzed employing ultra-short pulse technique in combination with atomic-level material modeling. Separating various factors affecting switching operations allowed to identify structural features and operational conditions leading to improved cell characteristics.

Teens need and want information about health issues. Even though teens tend to prefer asking people for help, increasingly they access digital resources because of the Internet’s availability, affordability, and anonymity. Teen health information interests vary by age, gender, social situation, and motivation. This paper discusses several issues about how teens access and seek that information, how teens use technology for seeking health information, and offers recommendations to insure optimal library services to address health information needs of all teens.

The UNESCO Manifesto on the School Library states that the mission of the school library is to offer learning services and resources that enable all members of the school community to become critical thinkers and effective users of information in all formats and media. Throughout the world school librarians have explored ways to help their colleagues record, organize and share cultural arts. The generated websites can foster student multi-literacy and cultural competence, including producing cultural arts.

Schools and libraries are considering the incorporation of egaming because of its attraction to youth and its potential benefit for instruction, developing information literacy skills, and facilitating academic success. Although egames are played by most youth, egaming has gender-linked properties, particularly in novice gaming practice. School libraries are uniquely positioned to provide resources and services to insure gender-equitable gaming experiences: gaming periodicals, opportunities to select and review games, collaboration with classroom teachers, and game development. The emerging trends of casual gaming, mobile egaming, and gaming design offer opportunities that attract an ever broader range of students, which teacher librarians can leverage in their services.

California is developing school library student outcome standards and quantitative standards for library program factors that provide the conditions for students to meet library outcomes. In an effort to make those program standards empirically based, the researchers analyzed three 2008-9 reputable data sets: California’s school library data set, AASL’s School Libraries Count data set, and a national School Library Journal data set. Standards were clustered into two sections: baseline factors, and statistical standards for resources. Findings revealed that school libraries that met the “baseline” standard were significantly different from those libraries that did not meet those standards. Once the baseline set of factors were determined, descriptive and correlational statistics were applied to the data sets, with the resultant figures based on the average figures supplied by those libraries that met the baseline factors.

As technology advances, so do the techniques for abusing it. While traditional crime has not increased in some countries, cyber crime is becoming increasingly common and steadily growing. One of the duties of teacher librarians is to teach the learning community about digital citizenship so everyone can understand, address, and prevent technology abuse. This paper defines digital citizenship, discusses its ramifications on individuals and the learning community at large, and recommends strategies for digital citizenship education.

This chapter describes the role of digital citizenship, particularly as it relates to school librarianship in online learning environments. It discusses the need for digital citizenship, its curriculum and standards, its place in school librarianship program preparation, distance education issues, learning resources, and implementation for the school community. Emerging issues are also noted.

Increasingly, schools and libraries are incorporating egaming because of its attraction to youth and its potential benefit for instruction, developing information literacy skills, and facilitating academic success. Although egames are played by most youth, egaming has gender-linked properties: extent of play, choice of games, social interaction in gaming, and novice gaming practice. School libraries are uniquely positioned to provide resources and services to insure gender-equitable gaming experiences: gaming periodicals, opportunities to select and review games, and single sex activities. Emerging trends of casual gaming, mobile egaming, and gaming design offer opportunities that can attract girls, which teacher librarians can leverage.

This paper provides an introduction to a presentation that will explore the standards and academic preparation of teacher-librarians in North America and selected countries (e.g., Brazil, Denmark, Portugal, India) to ascertain both the core competencies required for 21st century work in school libraries and the factors that predict high-quality teacherlibrarianship preparation programs. In the process, the presentation will discuss ways that professional school library associations can advocate for standards that insure high-quality school library programs. The presentation will also uncover possible universal and culturally-determined curriculum.

In today’s global world, to provide meaningful education, teacher-librarians and their students need to become culturally competent: open to learning about other cultures and sharing one’s own culture, able to change personal perspectives, and able to communicate effectively across cultures. Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions provides a framework for examining culturally-sensitive library implications. Specific strategies are suggested to address language barriers, student-teacher relations, choosing resources, learning activities, technical issues, and assessment.

The current research examined the experiences of beginning teacher librarians (TL) and expert TLs to ascertain the factors that predict practitioner success. In the process, the study compares southern California TLs (and their academic preparation) with theexperiences of TLs in other representative countries (e.g., Australia, Brazil, Canada, European Union, South Africa, Hong Kong, and Singapore). Factors were identified that link to TL preparation, with the intent of determining: 1) at what point in the academic-practice continuum identified skills, knowledge, and dispositions should be addressed; 2) what pre-service and in-service activities optimized learning. The investigator also uncovered universal and culturally determined practices.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jct-10.1177_23800844211001827 for Healthy and Respectful Workplaces: The Experiences of Dental Hygienists in Canada by A. Ghoneim, K.K. Parbhakar, J. Farmer and C. Quiñonez in JDR Clinical & Translational Research

This chapter is a contemporary account of the platform molecules that constitute the fundamental building blocks of a future, biobased chemical industry. It compares and contrasts platform molecules and the current petrochemical base chemicals in terms of heteroatom content and chemical functionality. This approach highlights the extraordinary potential that biobased platforms offer the synthetic organic chemist and the biorefinery engineer. A demonstrative list of neoteric platform molecules is included to present a snapshot of the functional diversity available in these building blocks. The connection between the composition of the biomass feedstock and the associated processing technology is delineated, which gives an indication of which feedstocks and which platform molecules are most likely to contribute to sustainability purposes. Finally, the chapter concludes with a shortlist of 12 platform molecules that, in the authors' view, warrant particular attention from the research community in the coming years.

Hesperidin and rutin are two sought-after natural flavonoids, traditionally extracted from abundant natural citrus fruits and tea leaves using large amounts of ethanol or methanol solvents. Recent trends in extractions have focused on minimizing the use of solvents and creating simpler cost-effective processes. This study aims to apply the concept of chemical valorization in the context of a circular economy, by using agro-industrial waste and biobased alternatives to traditional solvents, which are of environmental concern. We use minimum amounts of solvent/sample (5 mL/0.25 or 0.5 g) to extract hesperidin and rutin in a single-stage solid-liquid extraction. Thirty individual solvents and HSPiP were applied to find the best solvents/blends for extraction. The type of solvent, sample preparation, maceration time, and extraction temperature were studied. Results showed that the biobased solvent Cyrene is very effective when mildly heated to 65 °C (up to 91%) or mixed with water. Adding water to Cyrene forms its geminal diol hydrate, this enhances the solubility and extraction of hesperidin and rutin up to ten times than those of the original pure ketone form. Quantitative sustainability metrics from the CHEM21 Toolkit demonstrated that our extraction methodology is environmentally friendly and offers future potential of isolation of other flavonoids.

BackgroundZymomonas mobilishas recently been shown to be capable of producing the valuable platform biochemical, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). Despite this capability, the production of high titers of 2,3-BDO is restricted by several physiological parameters. One such bottleneck involves the conversion of acetoin to 2,3-BDO, a step catalyzed by 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh). Several Bdh enzymes have been successfully expressed inZ. mobilis,although a highly active enzyme is yet to be identified for expression in this host. Here, we report the application of a phylogenetic approach to identify and characterize a superior Bdh, followed by validation of its structural attributes using a mutagenesis approach.ResultsOf the 11 distinctbdhgenes that were expressed inZ. mobilis,crude extracts expressingSerratia marcescensBdh (SmBdh) were found to have the highest activity (8.89 µmol/min/mg), when compared to other Bdh enzymes (0.34–2.87 µmol/min/mg). TheSmBdh crystal structure was determined through crystallization with cofactor (NAD+) and substrate (acetoin) molecules bound in the active site. ActiveSmBdh was shown to be a tetramer with the active site populated by a Gln247 residue contributed by the diagonally opposite subunit.SmBdh showed a more extensive supporting hydrogen-bond network in comparison to the other well-studied Bdh enzymes, which enables improved substrate positioning and substrate specificity. This protein also contains a short α6 helix, which provides more efficient entry and exit of molecules from the active site, thereby contributing to enhanced substrate turnover. Extending the α6 helix to mimic the lower activityEnterobacter cloacae(EcBdh) enzyme resulted in reduction ofSmBdh function to nearly 3% of the total activity. In great contrast, reduction of the corresponding α6 helix of theEcBdh to mimic theSmBdh structure resulted in ~ 70% increase in its activity.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated thatSmBdh is superior to other Bdhs for expression inZ. mobilisfor 2,3-BDO production.SmBdh possesses unique structural features that confer biochemical advantage to this protein. While coordinated active site formation is a unique structural characteristic of this tetrameric complex, the smaller α6 helix and extended hydrogen network contribute towards improved activity and substrate promiscuity of the enzyme.

BACKGROUND There is a growing role of digital health technologies (DHTs) in the management of chronic health conditions, specifically type 2 diabetes. It is increasingly important that health technologies meet the evidence standards for health care settings. In 2019, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published the NICE Evidence Standards Framework for DHTs. This provides guidance for evaluating the effectiveness and economic value of DHTs in health care settings in the United Kingdom. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess whether scientific articles on DHTs for the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus report the evidence suggested for implementation in clinical practice, as described in the NICE Evidence Standards Framework for DHTs. METHODS We performed a scoping review of published articles and searched 5 databases to identify systematic reviews and primary studies of mobile device–delivered DHTs that provide self-management support for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The evidence reported within articles was assessed against standards described in the NICE framework. RESULTS The database search yielded 715 systematic reviews, of which, 45 were relevant and together included 59 eligible primary studies. Within these, there were 39 unique technologies. Using the NICE framework, 13 technologies met best practice standards, 3 met minimum standards only, and 23 technologies did not meet minimum standards. CONCLUSIONS On the assessment of peer-reviewed publications, over half of the identified DHTs did not appear to meet the minimum evidence standards recommended by the NICE framework. The most common reasons for studies of DHTs not meeting these evidence standards included the absence of a comparator group, no previous justification of sample size, no measurable improvement in condition-related outcomes, and a lack of statistical data analysis. This report provides information that will enable researchers and digital health developers to address these limitations when designing, delivering, and reporting digital health technology research in the future.

Furandioate-adipate copolyesters are an emerging class of bio-based biodegradable polymers with great potential to replace fossil-derived terephthalic acid-based copolyesters such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Furandioate-adipate polyesters have almost exclusively been prepared with conventional primary (1°) alcohol diols, while secondary (2°) alcohol diol monomers have largely been overlooked until now, despite preliminary observations that using methyl-branched diols increases the Tg of the resultant polyesters. Little is known of what impact the use of 2° alcohol diols has on other properties such as material strength, hydrophobicity, and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis—all key parameters for performance and end-of-life. To ascertain the effects of using 2° diols on the properties of furandioate-adipate copolyesters, a series of polymers from diethyl adipate (DEA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (FDEE) using different 1° and 2° alcohol diols was prepared. Longer transesterification times and greater excesses of diol (diol/diester molar ratio of 2:1) were found to be necessary to achieve Mws > 20 kDa using 2° alcohol diols. All copolyesters from 2° diols were entirely amorphous and exhibited higher Tgs than their linear equivalents from 1° diols. Compared to linear poly(1,4-butyleneadipate-co-1,4-butylenefurandioate), methyl-branched, poly(2,5-hexamethyleneadipate-co-2,5-hexamethylenefurandioate) (0:7:0.3 furandioate/adipate ratio) displayed both higher modulus (67.8 vs 19.1 MPa) and higher extension at break (89.7 vs 44.5 mm). All other methyl-branched copolyesters displayed lower modulus but retained higher extension at break compared with their linear analogues. Enzymatic hydrolysis studies using Humicola insolens cutinase revealed that copolyesters from 2° alcohol diols have significantly decreased rates of biodegradation than their linear equivalents synthesized using 1° alcohol diols, allowing for fine-tuning of polymer stability. Hydrophobicity, as revealed by water contact angles, was also found to generally increase through the introduction of methyl branching, demonstrating potential for these materials in coatings applications., Methyl branching in secondary diols has been found to increase the Tg, hydrophobicity, and resistance to biodegradation relative to linear diols for a family of bio-based copolyesters, providing a valuable tool to fine-tune material performance.

Throughout the Pleistocene the Earth has experienced pronounced glacial-interglacial cycles, which have been debated for decades. One concept widely held is that during most glacials only the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets across North America and Northwest Eurasia became expansive, while Northeast Siberia-Beringia remained ice-sheet-free. However, the recognition of glacial landforms and deposits on Northeast Siberia-Beringia and off the Siberian continental shelf is beginning to call into question this paradigm. Here, we combine climate and ice sheet modelling with well-dated paleoclimate records from the mid-to-high latitude North Pacific to demonstrate the episodic occurrences of an ice sheet across Northeast Siberia-Beringia. Our simulations first show that the paleoclimate records are irreconcilable with the established paradigm of Laurentide-Eurasia-only ice sheets, and then reveal that a Beringian ice sheet over Northeast Siberia-Beringia causes feedbacks between atmosphere and ocean, the result of which better explains these climate records from around the North Pacific during the past four glacial-interglacial cycles. Our simulations propose an alternative scenario for NH ice sheet evolution, which involves the rapid waxing and waning of the Beringian ice sheet alongside the growth of the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets. The new scenario settles the long-standing discrepancies between the direct glacial evidence and the climate evolution from around the mid-to-high latitude North Pacific. It depicts a high complexity in glacial climates and has important implications for our understanding of the dispersal of prehistoric humans through Beringia into North America.

The beef industry is organized around different stakeholders, each with their own expectations, sometimes antagonistic. This article first outlines these differing perspectives. Then, various optimization models that might integrate all these expectations are described. The final goal is to define practices that could increase value for animal production, carcasses and meat whilst simultaneously meeting the main expectations of the beef industry. Different models previously developed worldwide are proposed here. Two new computational methodologies that allow the simultaneous selection of the best regression models and the most interesting covariates to predict carcass and/or meat quality are developed. Then, a method of variable clustering is explained that is accurate in evaluating the interrelationships between different parameters of interest. Finally, some principles for the management of quality trade-offs are presented and the Meat Standards Australia model is discussed. The &ldquo, Pareto front&rdquo, is an interesting approach to deal jointly with the different sets of expectations and to propose a method that could optimize all expectations together.

Did a Beringian ice sheet once exist? This question was hotly debated decades ago until compelling evidence for an ice-free Wrangel Island excluded the possibility of an ice sheet forming over NE Siberia-Beringia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Today, it is widely believed that during most Northern Hemisphere glaciations only the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets across North America and Northwest Eurasia became expansive, while Northeast Siberia-Beringia remained ice-sheet-free. However, recent recognition of glacial landforms and deposits on Northeast Siberia-Beringia and off the Siberian continental shelf has triggered a new round of debate.These local glacial features, though often interpreted as local activities of ice domes on continental shelves and mountain glaciers on continents, could be explained as an ice sheet over NE Siberia-Beringia. Only based on the direct glacial evidence, the debate can not be resolved. Here, we combine climate and ice sheet modelling with well-dated paleoclimate records from the mid-to-high latitude North Pacific to readdress the debate. Our simulations show that the paleoclimate records are not reconcilable with the established concept of Laurentide-Eurasia-only ice sheets. On the contrary, a Beringian ice sheet over Northeast Siberia-Beringia causes feedbacks between atmosphere and ocean, the result of which well explains the climate records from around the North Pacific during the past four glacial-interglacial cycles. Our ice-climate modelling and synthesis of paleoclimate records from around the North Pacific argue that the Beringian ice sheet waxed and waned rapidly in the past four glacial-interglacial cycles and accounted for ~10-25 m ice-equivalent sea-level change during its peak glacials. The simulated Beringian ice sheet agrees reasonably with the direct glacial and climate evidence from Northeast Siberia-Beringia, and reconciles the paleoclimate records from around the North Pacific. With the Beringian ice sheet involved, the pattern of past NH ice sheet evolution is more complex than previously thought, in particular prior to the LGM.

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a highly prevalent long-term condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. People with diabetes commonly worry about their diabetes medicines and do not always take them regularly as prescribed. This can lead to poor diabetes control. The Support Through Mobile Messaging and Digital Health Technology for Diabetes (SuMMiT-D) study aims to deliver brief messages as tailored interventions to support people with type 2 diabetes in better use of their diabetes medicines and to improve treatment adherence and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the overall architecture of a tailored intervention delivery system used in the pilot and randomized controlled feasibility studies of SuMMiT-D and reports its performance. METHODS The SuMMiT-D system includes several platforms and resources to recruit participants and deliver messages as tailored interventions. Its core component is called the clinical system and is responsible for interacting with the participants by receiving and sending SMS text messages from and to them. The personalization and tailoring of brief messages for each participant is based on a list of built-in commands that they can use. RESULTS For the pilot study, a total of 48 participants were recruited; they had a median age of 64 years (first quartile, third quartile [Q1, Q3: 54.5, 69]). For the feasibility study, a total of 209 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group; they had a median age of 65 years (Q1, Q3: 56, 71), with 41.1% (86/209) being female. The participants used the SuMMiT-D system for up to 6 months (26 weeks) and had a wide range of different interactions with the SuMMiT-D system while tailored interventions were being delivered. For both studies, we had low withdrawal rates: only 4.2% and 5.3% for the pilot and feasibility studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A system was developed to successfully deliver brief messages as tailored health interventions to more than 250 people with type 2 diabetes via SMS text messages. On the basis of the low withdrawal rates and positive feedback received, it can be inferred that the SuMMiT-D system is robust, user-friendly, useful, and positive for most participants. From the two studies, we found that online recruitment was more efficient than recruitment via postal mail; a regular SMS text reminder (eg, every 4 weeks) can potentially increase the participants’ interactions with the system. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13404264; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13404264

International audience

International audience; Marbling is one of the primary carcass attributes utilized in most beef grading systems for eating quality evaluation. In Europe, the current beef grading system is the EUROP grid, which is focused on carcass commercial value and production yield rather than eating quality estimation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between marbling and the most common scores for carcass classification in Europe. If there are strong associations between marbling and European classification scores, marbling score may be estimated from the carcass characteristics. However, this study indicated that European classification scores explain only a slight proportion of the variance in marbling score (32%, 46%, 34% and 21% for the entire cattle group, young bulls, females and steers, respectively). Therefore, whereas the EUROP grid is well adapted to estimate yield, it does not reflect marbling at all. The European beef industry should take into account additional indicators related to beef palatability to assist the determination of the commercial value of carcasses.

Three dipolar aprotic solvents were designed to possess high dipolarity and low toxicity: N,N,N′,N′‐tetrabutylsuccindiamide (TBSA), N,N′‐diethyl‐N,N′‐dibutylsuccindiamide (EBSA), and N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dibutylsuccindiamide (MBSA). They were synthesized catalytically by using a K60 silica catalyst in a solventless system. Their water immiscibility stands out as an unusual and useful property for dipolar aprotic solvents. They were tested in a model Heck reaction, metal–organic framework syntheses, and a selection of polymer solubility experiments in which their performances were found to be comparable to traditional solvents. Furthermore, MBSA was found to be suitable for the production of an industrially relevant membrane from polyethersulfone. An integrated approach involving in silico analysis based on available experimental information, prediction model outcomes and read across data, as well as a panel of in vitro reporter gene assays covering a broad range of toxicological endpoints was used to assess toxicity. These in silico and in vitro tests suggested no alarming indications of toxicity in the new solvents., Succinic success: Three new dipolar aprotic solvents are synthesized catalytically from succinic acid. Interestingly, all are water immiscible, an unusual property for dipolar aprotic solvents. Tested in a Heck reaction, metal–organic framework synthesis, and membrane fabrication, they perform comparably to traditional dipolar aprotic solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and in silico and in vitro tests suggest no alarming indications of toxicity.

In this paper the filtering effect of a wind turbine is modelled to provide insight into the transient dynamics of a wind turbine generator (WTG), considering the fluctuating/turbulent nature of wind speed and the impact it has on fluctuating power feed-in to a power system. The results show that the turbine inertia of a WTG acts as a first-order low-pass filter, which suppresses the wind speed fluctuations with frequency content above 1.2 millihertz (mHz). Thus, less of the wind speed fluctuations propagates through as fluctuating power generation, which feeds into the rest of the power system. From the perspective of modelling the transients of a wind turbine's power generation, it is concluded that small (below 1 minute) resolution wind speed data is not required since the higher frequency components are filtered out.

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_2380084420953121 for Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Mapping Clinical Heterogeneity and Methodological Gaps by M. Aldossri, J. Farmer, O. Saarela, L. Rosella and C. Quiñonez in JDR Clinical & Translational Research