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Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 24 years, Clinical History: A 24-year-old multigravida underwent fetal ultrasound at 24-weeks of gestation for suspected polyhydramnios. Conjoined twins were detected on ultrasound which were delivered by Cesarean section the following week and weighed 1081g. They expired immediatel... Final Diagnosis: Cephalothoracopagus, janiceps, monosymmetros twins.

A hidropisia fetal é uma doença caracterizada pelo acúmulo anormal de liquido extravascular nos tecidos ou nas cavidades do corpo. Em humanos o diagnóstico é realizado durante o exame ultrassonográfico no pré-natal. Este estudo tem como objetivo reportar o diagnóstico intrauterino de hidropsia fetal em um feto de Poodle num período avançado da gestação, durante um exame ultrassonográfico pré-natal onde foi detectado a presença de efusão pleural e peritoneal. Os achados ultrassonográficos foram confirmados no exame pós-morte do feto.

Fetal common arterial trunk is an anomaly represented by a unique arterial trunk that arouses from the base of the heart, and gives birth to systemic branches, both pulmonary and coronary, frequently associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and has a poor prognosis. We present a series of 17 cases diagnosed in our tertiary center with different types of fetal common arterial trunk, its associated disorders, the evolution of the pregnancies, and of the neonates. We concluded that our cases support the fact that a complete intrauterine evaluation of each case of the common arterial trunk is impossible. The postnatal prognosis of the cases from our center was fatal, similar to most reports of the literature.

The internal and external interorbital diameters are measured during pregnancy. A case of holoprosencephaly was diagnosed via ultrasound on the basis of the reduction of both diameters.

In this review problems concerning diagnosis and therapy of submucous myomas are discussed. In abnormal blood loss, especially during menstrual periods, it is probable that the submucous locations of fibroids have the strongest relationship with the symptoms. Both in diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, in the past decennium, a wide range of fine tuning has been developed that has changed dramatically the optimal management of submucous myomas and, therefore, of bleeding abnormalities during premenopause. Over-treatment can thus be prevented: for instance, hysterectomy in menorrhagia caused by a small pedunculated submucous fibroid. New modalities of minimally invasive treatment, however, have specific intrinsic problems that justify the development of protocols for these techniques. For the diagnosis of submucous myoma, and preceding operative treatment, intrauterine diagnosis through ultrasound or hysteroscopic imaging is mandatory. Hysteroscopic treatment of submucous myomas is the method of preference, unless the abnormality is too large or too numerous. Various practical aspects of treatment are discussed. Surgery for abnormalities that are not included in the basic training package according to Goals for the education of gynaecologists, ought to be performed by a gynaecologist with additional training and experience.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Fetal anterior abdominal wall defect (AAWD) is an important finding of antenatal ultrasonography; the etiology of which ranges from ‘physiological’ or ‘an isolated anomaly’ to ‘polymalformative syndromes’ and ‘lethal...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: -Define and classify tracheoesophageal fistulas in children. -Review associated congenital anomalies in the congenital form. -Describe and illustrate the imaging modalities and findings in tracheoesophageal fistulas in...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: The four chamber view is the most vital cross section studied during an examination for cardiac anomalies. This view helps to determine accurately any structural abnormality of the fortal heart. On the four-chamber view the heart occupies 25%–30%...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 28 years, Clinical History: A 28-year-old female patient with 8 months of pregnancy came for regular antenatal check-up for the first time with no systemic complains. She had 2 children, all delivered full term normally with no anomaly. Final Diagnosis: Anencephaly

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: The objective of this pictorial review is to depict the spectrum of anterior abdominal-wall defects including omphalocele, gastroschisis, ectopia cordis and Pentalogy of Cantrell addressing the embryologic development and ultrasound characteristics...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To understand a developmental mechanism of the drug-related visceral disorders (DVDs) in the abdomen. To review pictorial examples of common and uncommon conditions of...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUTs) are common in newborns (approximately 0.5% of newborns and 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations) and represent the most important cause of pediatric end stage renal disease [1]....

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Learning objectives: Absent sternum is a rare congenital chest wall malformation that may be complete sternal cleftor absence of the cranial most segment. Primary objectives of early recognition The fact that it leaves the mediastinal viscera and...

Congenital brain tumours are a rare entity that is nowadays often already recognised during pregnancy by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR). Even though the definitive diagnosis is usually achieved by means of histological studies, in some cases the diagnosis may remain uncertain because of the malformative origin of this type of tumour.We describe a patient with a diffuse congenital intracranial mass diagnosed by intrauterine US and foetal MR performed to further evaluate the lesion and the associated foetal hydrocephalus. After delivery by caesarean section, an endoscopic biopsy was performed. Several specimens were obtained and resulted in the diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). Despite polychemotherapy, the tumour continued to enlarge and the patient died at 2 months of age. Post-mortem histological examination of the intracranial mass showed a diffuse intracranial teratoma.Endoscopic biopsy specimen examination resulted in a diagnosis that was not confirmed by post-mortem findings. The scarce differentiation of teratoma components and their high variability in histomorphology as well as the huge size of the tumoral mass may limit the interpretation of endoscopic biopsy specimens, even when multiple and obtained from different areas.

The management of congenital CNS anomalies differs among countries. This paper reports on a worldwide survey of individual experience and regimens for treating spina bifida (SB) in different patient populations and cultural backgrounds. Ten representative members of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ISPN) in individual countries registered their experience, prenatal management, and care system for SB. The information collected contained the following major items: intrauterine diagnosis, prophylaxis, and legal termination in prenatal management. The prenatal diagnosis of SB is extensively performed throughout the world, but the marker alpha-fetoprotein is not widely accepted in Asia, nor is the prophylactic administration of folic acid, which is not part of the routine care in Asia. Morphological analyses by neuroimaging, especially using an advanced technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are well developed in Asian countries, e.g., Japan and Korea. The prenatal management of SB fetuses differed depending upon the region, i.e., more support for aggressive and intensive treatment in Asia than in Europe and North America. The regional and racial difference in management of and care for spina bifida fetuses will be discussed further based on the data analysis.

With improvements in imaging techniques, in addition to the trend toward routine prenatal ultrasound scanning, the intrauterine diagnosis of fetal ovarian cysts is encountered more frequently. We describe the laparoscopic management of a cystic ovarian mass in a 2-month-old girl that was diagnosed prenatally. The histopathology of the cyst wall suggested gonadoblastoma.

Jejunal atresia is an entity within an array of congenital intestinal anomalies. We present a case of antepartum diagnosis of proximal jejunal atresia in a baby conceived through assisted conception.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Perinatal imaging of congenital intracranial vascular malformations (CIVM) comprise the use of the different available imaging modalities to reach an adequate diagnosis of these rare malformations in the prenatal and postnatal period of life....

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: The learning objectives of this poster is to provide a clinical and Radiological triage of female patients presenting with acute pelvic...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. To illustrate the various causes of leg bowing in children. 2. Characteristic imaging appearances in a variety of causes of leg bowing in paediatric population. 3. Differentiating imaging features for lower extremity...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify placental blood flow, by arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI at 4.7 T, in a rat...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Cardiovascular anomalies are frequently encountered during antenatal evaluations. The aim of the study is to be able to identify the diverse anomalies of the foetal heart chambers using the standard 4 chamber view on Ultrasound examination in order...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Purpose: Fetal cystic intra-abdominal masses are not uncommon and the prenatal diagnosis allows for earlier intervention as well as appropriate prenatal counseling of parents regarding outcomes and potential complications [1]. These malformations are usually...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 36 years, Clinical History: A 32-year-old primigravida with no relevant medical history was referred to MR imaging unit at 34 weeks of uneventful pregnancy, after the previous ultrasound, performed six days earlier, had detected hyperechogenic midline mass and asymmetric bilateral v... Final Diagnosis: Intracranial immature teratoma

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. MRI appearances of common chest anomalies 2. Advantages of MRI over ultrasound 3. Role of MRI in decision...

Objetivos Material y método Resultados Conclusiones Bibliografía, Objetivos: Señalar elpapel del radiólogo en el manejo prenatal de la ventriculomegalia (VM) fetal aislada. Determinar la utilidad de la RM como técnica diagnóstica complementaria a la ecografía en el estudio de la VM...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Umbilical cord is a vital structure of maternal-fetal life and can be used for evaluating pregnancy outcomes. In the past,sonographic investigations of the umbilical cord were limited to identification of the number of vessels and Doppler evaluation...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 11 years, Clinical History: An 11-year-old girl complains of severe pelvic pain over the past month. The pain has increased in severity over the past week. On clinical examination, an imperforate hymen is suspected. Final Diagnosis: Haematometrocolpos due to imperforate hymen

Objetivo: avaliar o papel da ultra-sonografia obstétrica de rotina no rastreamento pré-natal de cardiopatias congênitas ou arritmias graves e os fatores envolvidos na sua acurácia. Métodos: a amostra foi constituída de 77 neonatos ou lactentes internados no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul no período de maio a outubro de 2000, com diagnóstico pós-natal confirmado de cardiopatia estrutural ou arritmia grave, que tinham sido submetidos, durante a vida fetal, a pelo menos uma ultra-sonografia obstétrica após a 18ª semana de gestação. Após consentimento informado, um questionário padronizado foi aplicado. As variáveis categóricas (tipo de cardiopatia e a acessibilidade ecográfica para o diagnóstico, alteração do ritmo cardíaco, número de gestações, paridade, abortamentos prévios, estado civil das gestantes, tipo de parto, área de internação hospitalar, sexo, tipo de serviço onde foi realizado o pré-natal, indicação da ultra-sonografia obstétrica, número de ultra-sonografias realizadas, tipo de serviço onde foi realizada a ultra-sonografia obstétrica, local onde foi realizada a ultra-sonografia obstétrica, renda familiar, escolaridade materna e escolaridade paterna) foram comparadas pelo teste do chi² ou pelo teste exato de Fisher e um modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para determinar variáveis independentes eventualmente envolvidas na suspeita pré-natal de cardiopatia. Resultados: em 19 pacientes (24,7%), a ultra-sonografia obstétrica foi capaz de levantar suspeita de anormalidades estruturais ou de arritmias. Ao serem consideradas apenas as cardiopatias congênitas, esta taxa foi de 19,2% (14/73). Em 73,7% dos pacientes com suspeita de anormalidades cardíacas durante a ultra-sonografia obstétrica, as cardiopatias suspeitadas eram acessíveis ao corte de 4 câmaras isolado. Observou-se que 26,3% das crianças com suspeita pré-natal de cardiopatia apresentaram arritmias durante o estudo ecográfico, ao passo que apenas 3,4% dos pacientes sem suspeita pré-natal apresentaram alterações do ritmo (p=0,009). Constituíram fatores comparativos significantes entre o grupo com suspeita pré-natal e o sem suspeita a paridade (p=0,029), o parto cesáreo (p=0,006), a internação em unidade de tratamento intensivo (p=0,046) e a escolaridade paterna (p=0,014). À análise multivariada, apenas a presença de alteração do ritmo cardíaco durante a ultra-sonografia obstétrica mostrou-se como variável independente associada à suspeita pré-natal de anormalidade cardíaca. Conclusões: a ultra-sonografia obstétrica de rotina ainda tem sido subutilizada no rastreamento pré-natal de cardiopatias congênitas. O treinamento dirigido dos ultra-sonografistas e a conscientização do meio obstétrico e da própria população podem ser os instrumentos para aumentar a eficácia deste método. Purpose: to evaluate the role of routine obstetrical ultrasound scan in suspecting the presence of fetal congenital heart diseases and severe arrhythmias, as well as the factors involved in its accuracy. Methods: the sample was made up of 77 neonates and infants hospitalized at the Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul from May to October of 2000, with confirmed postnatal diagnosis of structural heart disease or severe arrhythmia, whose mothers had been submitted to at least one obstetrical ultrasound scan after 18 weeks of gestation. After informed consent, a customized standard questionnaire was used. Categorical variables were compared using chi² test or Fisher's exact test and a logistic regression model was used to determine independent variables possibly involved in the prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities. Results: in 19 patients (24.6%), obstetrical ultrasound was able to rise prenatal suspicion of structural or rhythm abnormalities. Considering only congenital heart diseases, this prevalence was 19.2% (14/73). In 73.7% of these cases, the cardiac disorder was accessible by the four-chamber view alone. Arrhythmias during obstetrical scan were observed in 26.3 of the babies with prenatal suspicion of a heart abnormality, while only 3.4% of the patients without prenatal suspicion showed a rhythm alteration (p=0.009). Significant differences between the groups with and without prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities were observed in relation to parity (p=0.029), delivery by cesarean section (p=0.006), need for intensive care (p=0.046) and school education level of the father (p=0.014). At multivariate analysis, only the presence of a rhythm alteration during ultrasound scan was shown to be an independent variable associated with prenatal suspicion of cardiac abnormalities. Conclusions: routine obstetrical ultrasound has been underused in prenatal screening of congenital heart diseases. Adequate training and making obstetricians and the population a ware of the problem may be instruments for increasing the efficacy of routine obstetrical ultrasound in rising the suspicion of fetal cardiac abnormalities.

Advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques allow for earlier, more rapid, and more effective detection of congenital disorders. The indications, diagnostic accuracy, and risks for invasive diagnostic techniques including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal blood sampling are reviewed. Recent advances in non-invasive detection methods, such as fetal ultrasound and the isolation of fetal cells in the maternal circulation are discussed. Additionally, the intrauterine diagnosis of congenital infections and chromosomal and Mendelian disorders, as well as hematologic disorders are summarized.

Hydrocephalus is one of the most common congenital anomalies affecting the central nervous system especially in developing countries for several reasons including prohibition of abortion in many countries. The technological advances in methods of intrauterine diagnosis of congenital malformation made it possible to detect early enlargement of the ventricles and diagnose hydrocephalus as early as 15 weeks of gestational age. Many trials of intrauterine shunting proved unsuccessful, mainly because of complications such as intra- or extracranial shunt migration, obstruction, infection, and malposition.The author is presenting a case of a successful ventriculo-amniotic shunt utilizing Al-Anazi ventriculo-uterine shunt, which is easy to implant. It has a one-way valve to prevent amniotic fluid backflow and special wings to prevent shunt migration, which are both relatively short and wide to reduce the possibility of malfunction and the risk of infection because there is no exposure with the external environment.Our successful trial showed that Al-Anazi ventriculo-uterine shunt might be the first step in treating congenital hydrocephalus.

Teratomas are embryonal neoplasms that arise when totipotential germ cells escape the developmental control of primary organizers and give rise to tumors containing tissue derived from all three blastodermic layers. Teratomas have been reported to occur in various sites and organs. Teratoma of the cervical neck are relatively rare in adulthood. It usually extends from the neck to the thoracic cavity causing local mass effect. In most of the cases intrauterine diagnosis is possible by ultrasound. Because of dyspnea due to mass effect, this condition is treated promptly after birth. However cases of teratoma in adulthood with supraclavicular localization have been reported rarely in the literature. The presented case is of a 25-year-old female with a cervical mass. Histological examination revealed a benign mature teratoma. The patient has been disease free for more than nine years after surgical removal of a neck teratoma.

Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information, Learning objectives: To offer a complete overview of the diagnostic hypotheses of the various fluid - containing masses which can be found in the neonatal abdomen in order to address the correct diagnostic...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 43 years, Clinical History: 43-year-old woman, treated with corticotherapy for lupus, found at home unconscious by her husband. She had complained of headache and fever two weeks before. Final Diagnosis: Vasospasm due to tuberculous meningitis

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: During pregnancy, high impedance flow in uterine arteries and the presence of a diastolic notch are accepted to be cautionary Doppler ultrasound (D-US)findings for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), however, the Doppler indices of the uterine...

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: Endometrial carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in females and the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract (1). Treatment planning of patients with endometrial carcinoma depends on accurate staging of the disease, nodal status...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 24 years, Clinical History: A 24-year-old woman with 21 weeks of gestation was referred by Obstetrics department to Radiodiagnosis Department for routine antenatal sonography. She was G1P0A0 at the time of scanning. She gave a history of non- consanguineous marriage and was not on a... Final Diagnosis: Type II limb body wall complex- thoracoabdominoschisis

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: Retrospectively investigate the role of CT renal perfusion in nutcracker syndrome by using 320-row CT, to screening the best scan delay time with CT angiography described compressions of left renal vein...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, female, 2 days, Clinical History: A primigravida underwent routine prenatal sonography at 18 weeks gestation. A fluid filled spinal mass was identified so she was referred to a tertiary care facility for further evaluation and management. A full-term female infant with a protruding sacral... Final Diagnosis: Sacrococcygeal teratoma type II

Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information, Learning objectives: Describe the pathological processes source of abdominal pain during pregnancy and show the characteristic imaging findings Discuss the risks to the fetus from diagnostic imaging modalities and contrast agents Propose recommendations for emergency...