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Background Dental traumatic injuries are prevalent in school-going children. Therefore, It is critical to ascertain the knowledge and practices of school teachers who are in close contact with these children. Aim To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of school teachers toward dental trauma and the effect of the educational intervention. Materials and methods The interventional study was designed by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 158 teachers were part of the research. Data was collected through a pretested questionnaire. Re-evaluation was done after an informative lecture. Results were statistically analyzed. Result The knowledge was consistently lacking prior to intervention with the level of correct answer ranging from 0.6 to 56.3%. It improved significantly post education ranging up to 96.6%. A positive attitude was noticed even before the intervention was employed. Conclusion Study observes a significant knowledge gap regarding the primary management of dental injuries amongst school teachers and emphasizes the need for urgent educational intervention to fill in this gap. Clinical significance Suggestions derived from this study are especially important in today's scenario where, the concept of conservation, retention, prevention and early intervention of tooth structures is topmost of all the priorities.How to cite this article: Nashine N, Bansal A, Tyagi P, Jain M, Jain A, Tiwari U. Comparison and Evaluation of Attitude and Knowledge towards the Management of Dental Injury in School Teachers Before and After Oral Health Education. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;11(5):425-429.

// Han Wang 1,* , Lin Du 1,* , Tong Wu 2 , Gangyi Yang 2 , Wenjing Hu 2 , Hansheng Wang 1 , Mengliu Yang 2 , Dongfang Liu 2 , Harvest F. Gu 3,4 , Zhiming Zhu 5 , Hongting Zheng 6 and Ling Li 1 1 The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in The Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China 2 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China 3 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden 4 Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden 5 Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China 6 Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China * These authors have contributed equally to this project Correspondence to: Ling Li, email: // Keywords : betatrophin; insulin resistance; metabolic disorders; interventional study; cell cross-talk; Gerotarget Received : August 15, 2017 Accepted : October 05, 2017 Published : October 16, 2017 Abstract Betatrophin has a closely relationship with metabolism. However, its effect on metabolism disorder remains unclear. This study was comprised of a series of cross-sectional and interventional studies in vivo and vitro . PCOS women with IR and healthy women were recruited from the general population and outpatients. Plasma betatrophin levels were measured with ELISA. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with EHC. Gene expressions at mRNA and protein levels were determined with RT-PCR and Western blotting. Influences of insulin, metformin, rosiglitazone and over- or knockdown-expression of betatrophin were analyzed ex vivo . Our results indicated that IR women had higher betatrophin levels compared with the controls. Circulating betatrophin was positively correlated with BMI, WHR, Fat%, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, AUC glucose and AUC insulin , luteinizing Hormone, FAI and HOMA-IR but negatively with M-value. Metformin treatment in PCOS women with IR led to a reduction of betatrophin levels. Insulin stimulation in hepatocytes increased betatrophin expression. Metformin or rosiglitazone led to a reduction of betatrophin expression in insulin-stimulated hepatocytes. In hepatocytes/macrophages co-culture systems, betatrophin expression was significantly increased, whereas this increase was eliminated by rosiglitazone. In hepatocytes, overexpression and knockdown of betatrophin decreased or increased insulin-stimulated insulin receptor, protein kinase B and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation respectively. Serum from metformin-treated women with IR decreased betatrophin expression and reinforced insulin signals. Thus, the present study provides the in vivo and in vitro evidence, suggesting that there is a cell cross-talking between hepatocytes with macrophages for the regulating betatrophin and it may be a useful marker for IR and metabolic disorders.

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment is an important step before study initiation usage. Therefore, accurately judging study type is the first priority, and the choosing proper tool is also important. In this review, we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial (including individual and cluster), animal study, non-randomized interventional studies (including follow-up study, controlled before-and-after study, before-after/ pre-post study, uncontrolled longitudinal study, interrupted time series study), cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional study (including analytical and descriptive), observational case series and case reports, comparative effectiveness research, diagnostic study, health economic evaluation, prediction study (including predictor finding study, prediction model impact study, prognostic prediction model study), qualitative study, outcome measurement instruments (including patient - reported outcome measure development, content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity/ measurement invariance, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, hypotheses testing for construct validity, and responsiveness), systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline. The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools. In one word, comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.

The new Regulation (EU) No. 536/2014 for clinical trials of medicinal products for human is part of a European regulatory framework in which the European Commission has wished to give a strong impetus to scientific research and industrial progress. It is a new regulation that fills a series of regulatory gaps in the Clinical Trials through the creation of a uniform framework for the authorization of clinical trials by all interested Member States with a single assessment of the results. The Regulation thus facilitates cross-border cooperation to make the clinical tests wider and encourage the development of special treatments, for example for rare diseases, but above all streamlines the rules on clinical trials across European Union (EU), introducing simplified rules for experimentation so-called 'low level of intervention', on which much has been discussed and still arouses concern, providing for authorized medicines or used off-label in the presence of scientific evidence published on efficacy and safety and to benefit from they will be mainly the pediatric and oncological therapeutic areas. The applications and any communication will be submitted paperlessly via a new electronic EU portal. The complex processing procedures and shorter time limits are to be stressed in comparison to the previously valid regulations. This is a major challenge for all stakeholders, but on the other hand it should contribute to the future role of the EU in the development of innovative medicines. Keywords: Clinical trials, New regulation, Reporting member states, Interventional study

Background With a worldwide increase in the elderly population, and an associated increase in health care utilization and costs, preventing avoidable emergency department visits and hospitalizations is becoming a global priority. A personal emergency response system (PERS), consisting of an alarm button and a means to establish a live connection to a response center, can help the elderly live at home longer independently. Individual risk assessment through predictive modeling can help indicate what PERS subscribers are at elevated risk of hospital transport so that early intervention becomes possible. Objective The aim is to evaluate whether the combination of risk scores determined through predictive modeling and targeted interventions offered by a case manager can result in a reduction of hospital admissions and health care costs for a population of German PERS subscribers. The primary outcome of the study is the difference between the number of hospitalizations in the intervention and matched control groups. Methods As part of the Sicher Zuhause program, an intervention group of 500 PERS subscribers will be tracked for 8 months. During this period, risk scores will be determined daily by a predictive model of hospital transport, and at-risk participants may receive phone calls from a case manager who assesses the health status of the participant and recommends interventions. The health care utilization of the intervention group will be compared to a group of matched controls, retrospectively drawn from a population of PERS subscribers who receive no interventions. Results Differences in health care utilization and costs between the intervention group and the matched controls will be determined based on reimbursement records. In addition, qualitative data will be collected on the participants’ satisfaction with the Sicher Zuhause program and utilization of the interventions offered as part of the program. Conclusions The study evaluation will offer insight into whether a combination of predictive analytics and case manager-driven interventions can help in avoiding hospital admissions and health care costs for PERS subscribers in Germany living at home independently. In the future, this may lead to improved quality of life and reduced medical costs for the population of the study. Trial Registration Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS), DRKS00017328; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00017328 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17584

Background: The quest for an ideal restorative material has led to the discovery of biological restoration that is, the use of natural tooth as a restorative material. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge about biological restorations and efficacy of health education. Materials and Methods: It was a questionnaire-based pre- and post-educational interventional study. Around 386 parents reported to the department and willing to participate were included in the study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The study was carried out in three phases where the second being the health education by individual approach. The data were further subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Our study comprised of 117 (30.3%) fathers and 269 (69.7%) mothers. When enquired about the awareness of biological restoration and tooth banks 96.6% and 95.3% of the parents were unaware of it respectively. About the acceptance of biological restoration treatment before the intervention, only 26% of parents accepted the treatment. However, after the educational intervention, the acceptance increased to 93%. Conclusion: A lacuna exists as per the knowledge and awareness of biological restorations was concerned. Health education can be considered as a pioneering approach in the creation of awareness and there is an increased need to conduct such educational interventions to improve parents' attitudes.

Background Professional advice provided to mothers has an effective role on the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding. Previous studies showed that health care providers had defective knowledge and skills necessary to promote and support breastfeeding. Aim To assess breastfeeding-related knowledge and attitude among interns at Cairo University Hospital, before and after the provision of breastfeeding educational training sessions. Materials and methods The first phase was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Cairo University Hospital (Kasr Al Ainy) among 137 interns. The second phase was a pre-post interventional design. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to explore breastfeeding-related knowledge and attitude before, immediately after, and 3 months after breastfeeding educational sessions. Results Participants’ mean age was 23.7 ± 0.81, (range 22–27 years), with equally distributed males and females. The median total knowledge percent score was 56.4 (45.2–64.5). The highest median subtotal knowledge percent score was for effective feeding 100 (100–100), and the least median was for breast milk expression 20 (0:40). Participants’ knowledge improved after the educational intervention: The subtotal knowledge scores showed a statistically significant improvement immediately after and 3 months after the intervention in the following items: advantages for the baby, colostrum, duration, complementary feeding, and breast milk expression. The median total attitude percent score was 80 (74.1–83.5) and significantly improved immediately after the intervention. Conclusion Baseline knowledge and attitude scores among interns significantly improved after the intervention. Therefore, adoption of different curricular and extracurricular activities to improve breastfeeding knowledge and skills is required.

Les patients avec un diabète de type 1 (DT1) sous insulinothérapie intensive se doivent de pratiquer le calcul des glucides (CG), mais cette tâche ajoute un fardeau à la gestion de la maladie. De plus, cette méthode contribue à une approche nutritionnelle glucocentrique non axée sur la qualité alimentaire. En effet, un questionnaire nous a démontré que les patients avec un DT1 avaient certaines difficultés dans son application et des études antérieures ont prouvé que ces patients avaient une faible qualité alimentaire. Parallèlement, le profil des patients DT1 a beaucoup changé, en particulier avec la progression des problèmes de surpoids et d’obésité qui contribuent à une prévalence de syndrome métabolique allant jusqu’à 45%, un statut associé à une majoration du risque cardiovasculaire (CV). En l’absence de recommandations spécifiques pour ce groupe à ce jour, nous avons démontré qu’une intervention nutritionnelle axée sur la qualité alimentaire (diète faible en gras et méditerranéenne) était faisable et menait à une amélioration du profil cardiométabolique. L’absence de différences significatives sur le profil CV et la composition corporelle entre ces deux diètes suggère que l’individualisation de l’approche nutritionnelle serait nécessaire pour les patients avec un DT1 pour la réduction du risque CV. Des études supplémentaires sont cependant requises pour optimiser l’enseignement et changer l’approche glucocentrique afin de faire une promotion plus importante de la qualité nutritionnelle s’intégrant dans de saines habitudes de vie., Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on intensive insulin therapy are required to practice carbohydrate counting, but this task adds a burden to the daily management of the disease. Moreover, this method contributes to the glucocentric nutritional approach that isn’t focussed on nutritional quality. A questionnaire allowed us to demonstrate that patients with T1D have difficulties with the application of carbohydrate counting and previous studies have proved that T1D patients have poor nutritional quality. In parallel, the profile of T1D patients has drastically changed over the years, with the progression of overweight and obesity, which could explain the prevalence of up to 45% of metabolic syndrome, a status associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. In the absence of specific recommendations for this group at this point, we have demonstrated that a nutritional intervention focusing on nutritional quality (low-fat diet and Mediterranean diet) was feasible and led to an improved cardiometabolic profile. The absence of significant differences between both dietary interventions suggest that individualization of the dietary approach is necessary and future studies are required to optimize the teaching and change the glucocentric approach for the promotion of nutritional quality integrated in healthy lifestyle habits.

Literature about obesity seems to bring knowledge regarding the implementation of measures to fight obesity but also in physical practice. However, some elements like the conditions of structuration of the physical practice still should be examined further. This research studies conducted under in the form of action research rely on ground data but also on literature. What makes the organization different is the use of a multidisciplinary framework in life sciences and human sciences to answer the multidimensional nature of obesity. This research allows to see / gauge the profits of such a measure of experimental ground built on both recommendations of public policies - Programme National Nutrition Santé or Plan Obésité (National Program of Health and Nutrition or Plan on obesity) – and literature. We focused particularly on profits linked to the morphological aspect of people. Then we noted the changes operated in the physical activity pattern and in sedentary behaviors. Finally, we tried to understand the conditions that seem to interfere or on the contrary help the process of weight loss through the study of interactions between the variables of physical activity, anthropometrics, quality of life and well-being psychologic of the participants. Those research studies have allowed to provide conditions about the management of that public suffering from obesity by providing sector professionals of many scientific and practical knowledge. They demonstrate also the interest and the complementarity of field work; La littérature concernant l’obésité semble apporter de nombreuses connaissances quant à la mise en œuvre des dispositifs de lutte contre l’obésité mais également dans celle de la pratique d’activité physique (AP). Cependant, certains éléments comme les modalités de structuration de l’AP restent encore à approfondir. Ces travaux de recherche menés sous forme de recherche-action font appel à la fois aux données de terrain mais aussi à celles de la littérature. Complétés par un encadrement pluridisciplinaire en sciences de la vie et sciences humaines, pour répondre au caractère multidimensionnel de l’obésité, l’ensemble de cette organisation en fait son originalité.Cette recherche permet de mesurer les bénéfices d’un dispositif de terrain expérimental construit en ayant pris en compte à la fois les préconisations ou recommandations des politiques publiques (Programme National Nutrition Santé ou encore Plan Obésité) ainsi que celles émanant de la littérature. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés aux bénéfices liés aux paramètres morphologiques des personnes puis nous avons aussi noté les changements opérés dans le profil d’activité physique et des comportements sédentaires. Enfin, nous avons tenté de comprendre les éléments semblant interférer ou au contraire aider le processus de perte de poids, à travers l'étude des interactions entre les variables d'activité physique, anthropométriques, de qualité de vie et de bien-être psychologique dans le cadre du programme d'AP proposé au long cours, mais aussi l'effet de la perte de poids et de la modification du profil d'activité sur la qualité de vie et le bien-être psychologique des participantes.Ces travaux de recherche ont permis d’apporter des éléments quant à la mise en œuvre pour la prise en charge de ce public atteint d’obésité en mettant à disposition des professionnels du secteur de nombreuses connaissances scientifiques et pratiques. Ils démontrent également l’intérêt et la complémentarité de la recherche de terrain

International audience; The number of clinical trial publications assessing non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) has been increasing exponentially since 2000. It encourages researchers to carry out the systematic reviews and meta-analyzes expected by health professionals, patients, and decision-makers to learn abouttheir real effectiveness and their relevant indication. However, the diversification of medical and scientific communication media, opportunistic publishing strategies, missing data in publications and non-exhaustiveness of biomedical databases make bibliographic research complex and at riskof bias. To address this shortcoming, the academic Plateforme CEPS offers a search engine, called Motrial, that collects, sorts and organizes publications of NPI clinical trials.; Le nombre de publications d’études cliniques évaluant les interventions non médicamenteuses (INM) augmente exponentiellement depuis 2000. Il encourage les chercheurs à réaliser les revues systématiques et les méta-analyses attendues par les professionnels de santé, les patients etles décideurs pour connaître leur efficacité réelle et leur indication pertinente. Seulement, la diversification des supports de communication médicale et scientifique, les stratégies opportunistes de publication, les informations manquantes dans les publications et la non exhaustivité des basesde données biomédicales rendent la recherche bibliographique complexe et à risque de biais. Pour répondre à ce manque, la Plateforme CEPS propose un moteur de recherche, appelé Motrial, qui permet de collecter, de trier et d’organiser les publications d’études cliniques sur les INM.

The occurrence of overweight and obesity is increasing in all parts of the world, including the Netherlands. The complexity of obesity necessitates a combination of various strategies aimed at multiple health determinants to combat this problem. The studies constituting this dissertation focussed on solutions at different levels of prevention, ranging from universal prevention to care-related prevention. This study shows that lifestyle coaches carrying out the Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL) programme have proven to be useful in offering obesity-related care, particularly to adults with obesity. Health brokers have proven to be useful in bringing together stakeholders to deal with complex health problems such as obesity.

Background: Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue breakdown, loss of attachment, and alveolar bone resorption. Under normal physiological conditions, a dynamic equilibrium is maintained between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense capacity. Oxidative stress occurs when this equilibrium shifts in favor of ROS. Oxidative stress is thought to play a causative role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Aim: The present study was designed to estimate and compare the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the serum of periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy individuals before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. The study was designed as a single blinded interventional study comprising 75 subjects, inclusive of both sexes and divided into three groups of 25 patients each. Patients were categorized into chronic periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy. The severity of inflammation was assessed using gingival index and pocket probing depth. Biochemical analysis was done to estimate the SOD and GSH levels before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results obtained were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and paired t-test. Results: The results showed a higher level of serum SOD and GSH in the healthy group compared to the other groups. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The post-treatment levels of SOD were statistically higher than the pre-treatment levels in periodontitis and gingivitis group.

В статье описываются пострегистрационные клинические исследования лекарственных препаратов для медицинского применения, проводимые фармацевтическими производителями после государственной регистрации, в целях дополнительного сбора данных о безопасности и эффективности, расширения показаний к применению, а также выявления нежелательных реакций., The article describes post-authorization clinical trials of medicinal products for medical use conducted by pharmaceutical manufacturers after state registration, in order to collect additional data on safety and efficacy, expand indications for use, and identify adverse reactions.

Background : Our hypothesis was that a modified diet would improve blood glucose control with beneficial impact on weight management and overall health in established diabetes. Objective : This prospective interventional study investigated the clinical effect of an Okinawan-based Nordic diet on anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients. Design : Food was prepared and delivered to 30 type 2 diabetes patients. Clinical information along with data on HRQoL, blood samples, and urine samples were collected during 12 weeks of diet interventions, with follow-up 16 weeks after diet completion. Results : After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, a reduction in body weight (7%) ( p< 0.001), body mass index ( p< 0.001), and waist circumference (7.0 cm) ( p< 0.001) was seen. Improved levels of proinsulin ( p= 0.005), insulin ( p =0.011), and fasting plasma glucose ( p< 0.001) were found already after 2 weeks; these improved levels remained after 12 weeks when lowered levels of C-peptide ( p= 0.015), triglycerides ( p= 0.009), total cholesterol ( p= 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( p= 0.041) were also observed. Insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was lowered throughout the study, with a 20% reduction in hemoglobin A1c levels ( p< 0.001) at week 12, despite reduced anti-diabetes treatment. Lowered systolic blood pressure (9.6 mmHg) ( p< 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.7 mmHg) ( p< 0.001), and heart and respiratory rates ( p< 0.001) were accompanied by decreased cortisol levels ( p =0.015) and improvement in HRQoL. At follow-up, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were found ( p =0.003). Conclusion : This interventional study demonstrates a considerable improvement of anthropometric and metabolic parameters and HRQoL in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients when introducing a modified Okinawan-based Nordic diet, independently of exercise or other interventions. Through these dietary changes, anti-diabetes treatment could be decreased or cancelled. Keywords: anthropometry; metabolic control; interventional study; type 2 diabetes; Okinawan diet; Nordic diet; quality of life (Published: 22 September 2016) Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2016, 60: 32594 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32594

The aim of the present study was to clarify the difference between the imagination of patients and the reality in regard to the location, the form and the size of the cavity in case of cavity preparation for dental restoration. Firstly, we manufactured the dummy dentition for simulated cavity preparation and the operator intra-orally prepared a cavity on the dummy dentition in subject to confirm its validity. Then, 5 operators intra-orally prepared prescribed cavities at the both sides of maxillary first molars on the dummy dentition in every one of 5 subjects with masking. We compared the location, the form and the area of these prepared cavities with those imagined by subjects, respectively. In 58% of cases, the subjects could accurately recognize the location of prepared teeth. And 34% of cases also determined the Class of cavity form. The imagined area was larger than the actual area and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.001). These results suggested that the perception of the patients regarding the location and the form of the prepared cavity was inaccurate during cavity preparation and patients tended to overestimate amounts of removed tooth substance.

Accumulating evidence has suggested that high salt and potassium might be associated with vascular function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salt intake and potassium supplementation on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Chinese subjects. Forty-nine subjects (28-65 years of age) were selected from a rural community of northern China. All subjects were sequentially maintained on a low-salt diet for 7 days (3.0 g/day NaCl), a high-salt diet for an additional 7 days (18.0 g/day NaCl), and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for a final 7 days (18.0 g/day NaCl+4.5 g/day KCl). Brachial-ankle PWV was measured at baseline and on the last day of each intervention. Blood pressure levels were significantly increased from the low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased from the high-salt diet to high-salt plus potassium supplementation. Baseline brachial-ankle PWV in salt-sensitive subjects was significantly higher than in salt-resistant subjects. There was no significant change in brachial-ankle PWV among the 3 intervention periods in salt-sensitive, salt-resistant, or total subjects. No significant correlations were found between brachial-ankle PWV and 24-h sodium and potassium excretions. Our study indicates that dietary salt intake and potassium supplementation, at least in the short term, had no significant effect on brachial-ankle PWV in Chinese subjects.

Background: Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue breakdown, loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption. In normal physiology, there is a dynamic equilibrium between reactive oxygen species activity and antioxidant defense capacity and when that equilibrium shifts in favor of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress results. Oxidative stress is thought to play a causative role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Catalase (CAT) protects cells from hydrogen peroxide generated within them. Even though, CAT is not essential for some cell types under normal conditions, it plays an important role countering the effects of oxidative stress on the cell. Aim: This study was designed to estimate and compare the CAT and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels in the serum of periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy individuals before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. The study was designed as a single blinded interventional study comprising of 75 subjects, inclusive of both sexes and divided into three groups of 25 patients each. Patients were categorized into chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy. The severity of inflammation was assessed by using gingival index and pocket probing depth. Biochemical analysis was done to estimate the TAOC and CAT levels before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results obtained were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and paired t-test. Results: The results showed a higher level of serum TAOC and CAT in the healthy group compared with the other groups. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The posttreatment levels of TAOC were statistically higher than the pretreatment levels in periodontitis group.

There are growing evidences on physical activity benefiting for primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. This PhD is a collaborative work between experts in clinical care and nutrition in cancer patients (Léon Bérard comprehensive cancer centre of Lyon) and experts on physical activity (centre for research and innovation on sport EA647). This "actionresearch" permitted to implement pilot programs of adapted physical activity (APA) for breast cancer patients, concomitantly to adjuvant treatments. APA programs supplemented by dietetic counseling appear as a feasible and inexpensive way to fight against the known factors of poor prognosis, such as weight gain, metabolic risks, and also the problem of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles that are gradually installed from the diagnosis of the disease. The results of this original research provides significant advances in promoting the integration of APA programs as supportive care of cancer patients, throughout treatment and rehabilitation phase. This work enables the modalities for programming APA of this specific public, by providing professionals a range of scientific and practical knowledge. It thus demonstrates the compatibility and direct applicability of research in the workplace.; La littérature apporte de plus en plus de preuves du bénéfice de la pratique d'une activité physique dans le cadre des préventions secondaire et tertiaire du cancer du sein, cancer le plus fréquent chez la femme. Ces travaux de thèse sont nés de la collaboration entre une équipe experte de la prise en charge clinique et de la nutrition de patients atteints de cancer (Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Léon Bérard de Lyon) et une équipe experte de l'activité physique (Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport EA647). Cette approche " recherche-action " a permis d'implanter des programmes novateurs d'activité physique adaptée (APA) auprès des patientes atteintes de cancer du sein et ce, de manière concomitante aux traitements adjuvants. Les programmes d'APA complétés d'une prise en charge diététique apparaissent comme un moyen faisable et peu coûteux de lutter contre les facteurs reconnus de mauvais pronostic que sont la prise de poids, les risques métaboliques, mais aussi la problématique de l'inactivité physique et de la sédentarité qui s'installent dès le diagnostic de la maladie. Les résultats originaux de ce travail de thèse fournissent des avancées importantes pour promouvoir l'intégration de l'APA en tant que soin de support des patients atteints de cancer, tout au long des traitements et dans la phase de réhabilitation. Ces travaux permettent de fixer les modalités de prise en charge de ce public spécifique, mettant à disposition des professionnels du secteur un panel de connaissances scientifiques et pratiques. Ils démontrent ainsi la compatibilité et l'applicabilité directe de la recherche en milieu professionnel.

There are growing evidences on physical activity benefiting for primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. This PhD is a collaborative work between experts in clinical care and nutrition in cancer patients (Léon Bérard comprehensive cancer centre of Lyon) and experts on physical activity (centre for research and innovation on sport EA647). This "actionresearch" permitted to implement pilot programs of adapted physical activity (APA) for breast cancer patients, concomitantly to adjuvant treatments. APA programs supplemented by dietetic counseling appear as a feasible and inexpensive way to fight against the known factors of poor prognosis, such as weight gain, metabolic risks, and also the problem of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles that are gradually installed from the diagnosis of the disease. The results of this original research provides significant advances in promoting the integration of APA programs as supportive care of cancer patients, throughout treatment and rehabilitation phase. This work enables the modalities for programming APA of this specific public, by providing professionals a range of scientific and practical knowledge. It thus demonstrates the compatibility and direct applicability of research in the workplace.; La littérature apporte de plus en plus de preuves du bénéfice de la pratique d'une activité physique dans le cadre des préventions secondaire et tertiaire du cancer du sein, cancer le plus fréquent chez la femme. Ces travaux de thèse sont nés de la collaboration entre une équipe experte de la prise en charge clinique et de la nutrition de patients atteints de cancer (Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Léon Bérard de Lyon) et une équipe experte de l'activité physique (Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport EA647). Cette approche " recherche-action " a permis d'implanter des programmes novateurs d'activité physique adaptée (APA) auprès des patientes atteintes de cancer du sein et ce, de manière concomitante aux traitements adjuvants. Les programmes d'APA complétés d'une prise en charge diététique apparaissent comme un moyen faisable et peu coûteux de lutter contre les facteurs reconnus de mauvais pronostic que sont la prise de poids, les risques métaboliques, mais aussi la problématique de l'inactivité physique et de la sédentarité qui s'installent dès le diagnostic de la maladie. Les résultats originaux de ce travail de thèse fournissent des avancées importantes pour promouvoir l'intégration de l'APA en tant que soin de support des patients atteints de cancer, tout au long des traitements et dans la phase de réhabilitation. Ces travaux permettent de fixer les modalités de prise en charge de ce public spécifique, mettant à disposition des professionnels du secteur un panel de connaissances scientifiques et pratiques. Ils démontrent ainsi la compatibilité et l'applicabilité directe de la recherche en milieu professionnel.

INTRODUCTION; Cognitive dysfunctions of schizophrenia predict daily living problems in patients, and psychiatric nurses should consider neurocognitive abilities of schizophrenic patients. However, development of nursing care considering their neurocognitive function is remains preliminary. To facilitate the development, clarifying the methodology of recent studies is required.AIM; To clarify the methodology of the study of nursing care considering neurocognitive functions of schizophrenic patients and to obtain suggestions for further studies.METHOD; Electronic databases were searched using key terms.RESULTS; Nine articles were eligible. Seven articles discussed enhancing neurocognitive functions and only investigated inpatients. The measurement methods used to determine neurocognitive functions varied among the nine articles. Some articles introduced video games or dedicated rooms, while some used structured methods as nursing intervention.DISCUSSION; Future studies are required to use methods that measure several neurocognitive domains, examine intervention efficacy in outpatients and first-episode patients and develop feasible interventional methods in clinical settings.

Introduction In a chain of cardiovascular episodes, risk factors (RF) and bad habits represent the first link. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine, during six months, on four examinations (the first, and three follow-ups after the second, fourth and sixth month), the following: physical activity (PA) alteration and the number of cigarettes smoked; the effect of antihypertensive betablockers and ACE inhibitors on systolic and diastolic arterial tension; the effect of metmorfin therapy on BMI, glycaemia, total cholesterol level (TCL) and triglycerides in diabetics compared to healthy individuals; the effect of hypolipidaemics on blood TCL and triglycerides in patients with angina pectoris (AP); the effect of betablocker therapy on TCL. Method This was a multicentric interventional study. Secondary prevention of coronary disease and cerebrovascular conditions was applied in the first half of 2005. There were 185 general practitioners from 38 health centers in Serbia, and patients of both sexes were included with the verified diagnosis of coronary disease and/or cerebrovascular condition. They had demographic data verified as well as data of being genetically (non)predisposed for AP, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes mellitus. Descriptive and differential statistical methods were used for study result analysis. Results Out of 1,189 patients, there were 51.4% of women and 48.6% of men. The average age was 59.45?9.77 years. The population was homogeneous by sex and the factor of being genetically (non)predisposed for AP. There was a significant difference in examinations in four contacts in PA and cigarette smoking (p

Given the limitations of traditional teaching methods in the learning process of adolescents, this study was designed to investigate the effects of osteoporosis prevention training through interactive multimedia method on the degree of knowledge and self-efficacy of female high school students. In this interventional study which was conducted in 2016 in Fars province, Iran, 120 high school students were selected through proportional stratified sampling from schools and different classes at first, second, third, and pre-university grades. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, each containing 60 students. Educational interventions for the test group included an interactive multimedia CD, and for the control group was an educational booklet. Before and one month after the intervention the students' level of knowledge and self-efficacy was measured. The spss 19 statistical software was used, and descriptive and analytical tests were performed to analyze the data. Results showed a significant difference in self-efficacy scores after the intervention (P=0.012) with the test group obtained a higher self-efficacy score than the control group. Also, a significant increase was observed in the knowledge score of both groups after the training (P