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The purpose of the article is to reveal the concept of cultural diplomacy as a priority tool for creating globalization at the level of foreign policy. The article reveals the essence of the globalization process, its prospects, and its main goals. The research methodology is based on the complex use of general scientific and specific scientific methods: analytical, historical, conceptual. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive study of the essence of cultural diplomacy in the context of globalization, giving it advantages in the proper coordination of intercultural communication. The study presents the content, tools, and paradigm of diplomatic culture development at the level of the XXI century. Conclusions. The conclusion is made on the need for in-depth study of the cultural diplomacy development in the Ukrainian scientific space in order to strengthen Ukraine's international relations in the process of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the park is mentioned, the first thing that comes to mind is a space where greenery and nature are at the forefront, which stands out with physical highlights and is more related to urbanization and the environment. However, parks do not have qualifications that can only be limited to these. Especially when looked at from the perspective of Gaziantep city, they have a much more and deeper meaning, pointing to certain issues in social and cultural terms. It can be said that the parks, which are a continuation of the relationship of the people of Gaziantep with their home, come to the fore with this social aspect rather than their physical characteristics. In this sense, it is also possible to read parks as a place for communication between classes and cultures. However, although it is accessible and used by everyone, when it comes to Syrian immigrants, the discourse route of the people of Gaziantep bends towards discrimination and marginalization rather than seeing the parks as an intercultural communication place. Therefore, this study aims to read the parks through identity and otherness as a public space that locals and immigrants encounter, to make the self-forms of Gaziantep locals understandable and ultimately to reveal the "position" of Syrian immigrants in parks from the eyes of the locals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the degree of intercultural sensitivity (IS) and intercultural effectiveness (IE) among students of the College of Education in Kuwait. The study sample consisted of 370 randomly selected students. A questionnaire consisting mainly of (IS) scale and (IE) scale was used to collect the data. Each of the scales comprises of five components. The results showed high scores of students' responses in both the (IS) and (IE) components, which shows high levels of (IS) and (IE) towards those who are culturally different from them. The results also showed female superiority in some areas of the (IS) scale while men excelled in the relaxation interaction factor of the (IE) scale. It is hoped that these results will increase the awareness of the importance of intercultural education and help to develop a better understanding of ways to measure and to enhance and develop these important skills and attitudes in the Kuwaiti and other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first glance, it seems that the relation between the study of Korean Buddhism within Korea and outside it can be characterized by the metaphor of osmosis: while Korean research freely travels to other academic communities that cite, critique, or otherwise engage it, Western scholarship on Korean Buddhism rarely receives any mention in Korean scholarship. Differing research agendas, linguistic barriers, and cultural assumptions can be identified as stumbling blocks, together with incompatible terminology. However, looking at the bigger picture, it is unmistakable that research agendas are growing increasingly closer. This article will attempt to briefly chart the intertwined histories of academic research on Korean Buddhism in Korea and in the West, identify the hurdles to meaningful exchange in both directions, and formulate some strategies for closing the gaps that separate academic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes an emic-oriented system for coding doctor-patient communication in oncological consultations (ONCode). The system aims to capture patient-centered communication practices, with particular attention to ethnically discordant interactions. ONCode is squarely focused on interactional aspects, assessed through seven dimensions. Video consultations with three oncologists and 19 patients (10 native Italians and nine non-native Italians) were coded with ONCode by two coders and with VR-CoDES by a different coder. Inter-rater reliability was tested by using ICC. Group differences (native vs. non-native) were assessed with linear mixed model analyses. This pilot study showed that the ONCode is fairly reliable, sensitive to patients' characteristics and contextual variables, and does not overlap with an established coding system such as the VR-CoDES. Moreover, the system enabled the identification of differences in communication in consultations with native and non-native patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks into the problem of introducing intercultural communication studies into the curriculum of the future teachers’ professional training. The relevance of the research is proved by the strong need to prepare today’s youth for reaching mutual understanding and avoiding barriers in communication. The purpose of the research is to design the course of intercultural communication studies for introducing into the curriculum of future primary school teachers’ training, based on the theoretical analysis of the content and structure of intercultural communication competence and the pedagogical university students’ level of the development of intercultural communication. The methods which are applied in the research are theoretical methods for analysing the literature, modelling for substantiating the course content, and empirical methods for assessing the level of the development of the students’ intercultural communication competence. The designed course covers the main topics, aimed at gaining cultural knowledge and developing intercultural skills, behaviour abilities, and attitude. The methods of course construction are defined. Four methodological approaches to intercultural communication studies are substantiated (competency-based approach, inductive approach, social scientific approach, interpretive approach). The effectiveness of the course is proved through measuring the level of language skills, assessed by Standardised test Cambridge English First, and behaviour abilities, assessed by some direct and indirect methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article presents an analysis of the use of educational radio in intercultural education contexts and how, from its implementation, elements of media and information literacy are noticed, which facilitates and encourages the construction of adequate intercultural communication. The research has been carried out in Chile, specifically in rural schools in the communes of San Juan de la Costa and San Pablo, with the participation of students and teachers of basic and high school education, mostly of Mapuche huilliche origin, a native people of the south from that country. The methodology used has a qualitative approach, having as data collection strategies semi-structured interviews with key informants, participant observation in situ (both face-to-face and virtual) and virtual ethnography. The main results have shown that: Educational radio can generate training content to enhance the processes of cultural emancipation, generating, at the same time, spaces for reflection and critical thinking in students. Media and information literacy is pertinent as a pedagogical tool to mainstream the teaching and learning processes in the Chilean educational context, as it allows taking from the media, elements for the construction of democratic societies. And as communication intercultural, the ability of students to create and produce radio content from their own realities, which can be disseminated and put at the service of their cultures while promoting their ways of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his target article, ‘Autism, constructionism, and nativism’, Kissine (2021) argues that data from autism should be taken into consideration in the debate about L1 acquisition. This paper responds to Kissine’s piece by pointing out several of its underlying assumptions and suggesting directions for future research on the topic. Traditional framings of autism as a deficit have recently been challenged in favor of an identity-based approach, the neurodiversity paradigm, which suggests that autistic speech should not be measured in terms of its resemblance to nonautistic speech and that literature on intercultural miscommunication may offer insights into autistic communication. There are some indications that distinct autistic discourse practices may be identifiable in communities of practice, and studies on autistic literacy could benefit from considering the theoretical perspectives found in literature on multimodality and translanguaging. Finally, research on language acquisition might be strengthened by the incorporation of holistic neurocognitive theories about autistic minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates around the impact of English-medium instruction (EMI) as part of transnational higher education (TNHE) typically focus on macro-level impacts on host country languages, cultures, and economies. Adopting the methodology of institutional ethnographies, this reflective study narrates how I came to find problematic such totalizing narratives of TNHE. The object of my reflections is an undergraduate English elective course, Communicating in the Global Marketplace, first taught on the main campus in Pittsburgh, USA, of a TNHE institution, which I then participated in "(dis)locating" (Edwards and Usher, 1997) to a branch campus in Qatar. The study illustrates how emic perspectives on course design and delivery open up TNHE as a process of meaning-making. Analysis of course artefacts (course descriptions, reading lists, and assignments) from offerings on both campuses point to opportunities educators in the process of TNHE have to question language ideologies in EMI, consider "imagined communities" (Norton and Pavlenko, 2019) when marketing courses for prospective students, and frame both transnational "encounters" (Vora, 2014) and our understanding of what is "intercultural" in transnational EMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Romanian as a foreign language by international students enrolled in English medical programmes, besides offering them the possibility to manage daily interactions, is professionally motivated by the students' need to attend clinical and practical internships and as such to engage in professional doctor-patient interactions. Therefore, the major objective of Romanian Language for Doctors, an optional course addressed to students in years IV-VI of the MLE programme, is the practice of anamnesis. Certain differences related the students' native cultures versus the Romanian culture, their mixed level of proficiency in general Romanian language (accuracy in oral expression), and the use of English as an interface for Romanian language acquisition for all the students, raise a number of barriers to communication. The paper presents some elements of pragmatics such as politeness, directness / indirectness, linguistics (synonymy and polysemy, calques), and intercultural competence that represent stumbling blocks in oral communication in Romanian for specific medical purposes through a case study: anamnesis taking in the optional course Romanian Language for Doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's various language learning contexts in which the reflection of English language uses for intercultural communication becomes prominent, the core resources of the language classrooms, be they virtual or face-to-face, are still textbooks. Therefore, the stance taken while constructing the multimodal components in the textbooks would influence whether language learners will develop an understanding of the target language community in line with an international perspective or not. In this vein, our study is a critical examination of (non)-essentialist cultural discourses in cultural representations in the visuals and the texts of English File Fourth Edition Elementary, Pre-Intermediate and Intermediate Student's Books. Taking account of multimodality in both semiotic and social-historical rhetorical senses and acknowledging the pedagogic-didactic nature of the textbooks, we focused on different meaning-making tools like images and texts and the interaction between them within the scope of this article. Findings showed that the textbooks mostly perpetuate an essentialist perspective of culture, favouring "Western", especially British, and American cultural representations, besides some texts addressing neo-essentialist perspectives. The elementary book has the highest number of essentialist texts in which "the West" is described and emphasised constantly, while the preintermediate book, albeit with a few texts from a critical perspective, is mostly composed of neo-essentialist elements. Lastly, the intermediate book can be viewed as the most nonessentialist one among others, since it consists of the highest proportion of interpersonal and intercultural exchanges without a specific reference to a cultural arena that is both predefined and defining in the series, though half of the texts still make a reference to the "Western" countries in the intermediate book as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the results of an experimental intercultural English class (IEC) using the flipped classroom methodology. thematic units were developed with the 5 E's instructional model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate) based on the constructivist approach to learning. A mixed-method research approach collected data from 20 students at Atlántico University. the questionnaires used in the analysis of the 2 survey rounds rate Students' responses in relation to learning of contents, methodology of the class and autonomy. Results based on the second round led to four major conclusions: (i). there is satisfaction with the use of the Flipped Classroom strategy, in terms of time management and freedom to prepare classes. (ii). Practical activities are more engaging to work collaboratively. (iii) Teachers have a subtle presence which provides more opportunities for students to negotiate control and participation. (iv) Although autonomous learning is possible, teacher support is pivotal to increasing it. these findings are discussed within the framework of the didactical component of teaching and its implications for this public university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to highlight international cultural cooperation on the example of international sociocultural projects and programs initiated by the EU. Methodology. It consists of the application of methods of analysis, observation, description, which allow to explore and outline certain aspects of international cultural cooperation on the example of sociocultural project implementation. Scientific Novelty. The article attempts to summarize the experience of implementing important international cultural projects in recent years. Conclusions. In recent years, Ukraine is an active participant in international sociocultural projects that promote intercultural communication, the establishment of our country in the international cultural community as a European country with rich cultural traditions, a reliable partner in solving modern cultural problems. In partnership with the EU, with the support of the British Council, the Goethe Institute, and other international institutions, events, and programs in the cultural and creative industries sector have taken place and continue to be implemented in Ukraine. The programs «Culture and Creativity», «House of Europe», projects «Creative Europe», «Cultural Bridges», implemented during 2014-2021, facilitated the establishment of dialogue in the domestic cultural sector and effective relations with cultural operators and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is one of the fields that countries apply most when carrying out their public diplomacy activities in the international arena. Cooperation with many countries politically, economically, academically and culturally through international education programs provides a great advantage to the countries. Cultural communication and interaction are also established between countries through educational diplomacy. International students also become cultural ambassadors at the point of protecting cultural ties. Turkey also strives to maintain its relations with international graduate students through various platforms. Today's digital world is one of the most effective tools in bringing graduate students together and maintaining cultural interaction. In order to maintain relations with international graduate students in digital environments, Turkey comes together with its graduates through the Turkey Alumni digital platform. From this point of view, in this study, the Turkey Alumni digital platform, which enables international graduate students, who are cultural ambassadors in the context of education diplomacy, to become digital cultural ambassadors, is examined with the descriptive analysis method, one of the qualitative research techniques, in line with its mission, purpose and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how institutional members orient to cultural difference during arguments in meeting interactions. Membership categorization analysis (MCA) of 21 h of audio-recorded conversations from eight months of fieldwork with an Asian American Chamber of Commerce illustrates that participants oriented to cultural difference as a resource when building, supporting, or opposing arguments about institutionally related activities. Participants constructed cultural differences between cultural categories or participants oriented to cultural difference as a taken-for-granted fact and used this fact to support their arguments. Overall, this study contributes to theorizing intercultural communication through illustrating how cultural difference is a discursive phenomenon. MCA of participants' interactions reveals nuanced, complex ways that cultural difference routinely constitutes institutional life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary examines environmental conservation work as a site of climate (in)justice, drawing from fieldwork at a highly multilingual Cameroonian wildlife sanctuary, as well as prior work on linguistic diversity, language ideologies, and intercultural communication. Across the world, climate justice work is occurring in landscapes that are often linguistically diverse. Alongside indigenous languages, global lingua francas (predominantly (ex)‐colonial languages) play a central role in facilitating communication between government officials, foreign NGO workers and volunteers, and people living in areas undergoing conservation. In these contexts, beliefs about language and communication – as well as unequal access or fluency in particular languages — can serve to magnify racialized and (neo)colonial hierarchies. While work in environmental anthropology has taken an ethnographic approach to understanding conflicts and miscommunication between the different actors involved in environmental conservation, this commentary argues that the methodologies of sociolinguistics and related fields are uniquely situated to examine in detail the interactions, language choices, and ideologies involved in designing and implementing climate justice work, and the impact these have on how this work is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercultural communication is considered a progressively developing trend, both abroad and in modern Russia. The concept of Western research on this topic is interdisciplinary approaches this situation is conditioned by the need for a multilateral analysis of the processes taking place in this field. Attention is focused on studying the barriers to communication of representatives of many socio-cultural systems. The information reflects the experience of using Western methodology to analyze the problems of intercultural interaction. The main barriers that reduce the effectiveness of interactions are the differences in cognitive schemes that are relevant for representatives of certain cultures (in particular linguistic and non-verbal schemes, moments of public consciousness). The results of the study do not allow the dissemination of conclusions to an extremely broad social context. But due to the experience of interpreting the problems of intercultural communication, information is useful for organizations that function in the field of education, as well as leading dialogue between Russia and the West. It was possible to identify approaches to the definition of intercultural communication as an important branch of knowledge in the context of globalization, analyzing domestic and foreign traditions. The factors that predetermine the effectiveness of communication, as well as methods for overcoming complexities in the course of intercultural communication, are listed. The approaches that form the basis of the process of preparing people for life and work in a multicultural society, in the context of intercultural communication, are at the center of attention. Thanks to the culture of communication, it is possible to achieve mutual understanding between different nations, to form national self-consciousness, as well as the effective development of traditional cultures. A valuable social function is to translate not just the national and ethnic culture, but also to introduce the younger generation to common values, the world cultural process, of which the culture of any people is considered a part. For this, a dialogue of cultures is established, inter-ethnic communication appears. Nowadays there are quite a lot of nationalistic tendencies explaining the desire of the ethnoses to revive and preserve, develop personal cultural traditions and language, and to establish modern culture at the personal and group level thanks to national forms and symbols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses a design-thinking approach for a virtual exchange intended to introduce pre-service teachers to global collaboration and empowered learning through the use of educational technology. Principles of design-thinking (i.e., empathy, ideation, and testing) were aligned with broader educational goals of culturally responsive practices and metacognition. Findings suggested that participants in the study (n = 36), pre-service teachers in the US, drew on individual strengths, cosmopolitan interests in global partnership, and problem-solving strategies to leverage educational technology to achieve learning goals. This paper contributes valuable insights, and recommendations for practice, about how to conduct virtual exchanges in higher education and K-12 learning settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uncovers language-related issues that skilled female migrants face and what their strategies are to (re-)build their careers after migrating. Using an inductive, interpretative research methodology, the author conducted 19 in-depth interviews with skilled German women who had migrated to France. Contrary to the findings of extant research, the study revealed that host country language proficiency played a minor role in the migration motivation, choice of destination, and labor market integration in this sample. However, the informants' mother tongue (German) and their proficiency in English were perceived as competitive advantages when it came to integrating into the labor market. For some, these particular language skills even led to a conscious change of career. The findings demonstrate that language proficiency goes beyond grammatical mastery but relates, more importantly, to culture-sensitive communication skills underlining the importance of investigating language associated with the concept of culture. This study contributes to the language-related literature on international migration by combining different strands of research and levels of analysis to obtain a more holistic picture of the complex impact of language and its culture-relatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current globalization conditions, companies operate in an open environment and constant contact with foreign managers and other interest groups. Intercultural management is an integral and important part of any international company employing and cooperating with employees from different cultures. The proper implementation of intercultural management enables the innovation of employee relations and thus supports achieving the company's goals. This paper aims to examine the influences and relations between local and foreign employees and/or managers. Research on intercultural communication and management was conducted in IT companies by collecting questionnaire data from respondents, formulating hypotheses, and examining them through the Kruskal-Wallis test. Hypotheses verification stated that statistically significant differences are in the relation between the knowledge of the company's cultural differences and the employees' years of experience. The calculated value of p = 0.04728 proved that the longer the employees work in a company interconnecting different cultures, the greater their knowledge of its cultural differences. The research verified the hypothesis on statistically significant differences in the acceptance of cultural differences in the company concerning employee training. The result of the hypothesis verification was the value of p = 0.6539, which did not confirm the hypothesis. The research showed that the employee training did not affect the acceptance of cultural differences. In companies with a labor force from diverse countries and cultures, disputes often arise in communication. The last formulated hypothesis concerning the issue focused on examining the relationship between the acceptance of disputes based on cultural differences in the company and the employee training. The calculated value of p = 0.1 did not confirm this relationship. Therefore, the employee training does not affect the acceptance of disputes in the examined companies. The present research on intercultural management could expand knowledge and innovate relationships to prevent disputes in international companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role of traditional folk songs and dances in the development of intercultural communication among elementary school children. Since we live in a multicultural society, it is necessary to develop the awareness of young people regarding the need to nurture harmonious relations among nations. The paper outlines the results of the empirical research aimed at determining whether the eighth-grade students from Central Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija know which nations live in their region and what their traditional songs and dances are. The results of the survey show that most students know the nations living in their vicinity but do not know their traditional songs and dances. This indicates that this kind of information and teaching content were not recognized and used as a means of interethnic connection, getting familiar with and understanding other nations. Traditional songs and dances can be a significant factor of successful intercultural communication in elementary schools if teachers recognize and use their potential. Descriptive method as well as the analysis and synthesis were used in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigates the language socialization experiences and identity construction of a group of Chinese students when they interact with their international peers, in a transnational university in China. This study is informed by the recent critical ethnographic sociolinguistics studies (e.g. Blommaert 2010), language socialization (Duff 2007; Schieffelin and Ochs 1986), and the post-structuralist conceptualization of identity (Norton 2000). Drawing on interview and observation data, this study finds an asymmetrical power relationship between Chinese students and their native-English-speaking peers in conversations, which precipitates the separation of the two groups on campus and pushes Chinese students into a vulnerable ESL speaker positioning. This study indicates that the asymmetrical power relationship, in spite of its existence, tends to be hidden under the cloak of intercultural difference and taken as a natural and granted convention. Moreover, the findings suggest that the intercultural communication in this transnational higher education context provides a space for reciprocal language socialization in which the Chinese students are empowered to construct a multilingual Chinese identity, which opens up possibilities to interculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to elucidate the main ethical issues that arise during decision-making and medical communication influenced by interfaith and intercultural differences. The statistical analysis of information retrieved from the United Nations official web site, as well as the analysis of secondary data taken from the literature sources, were applied to achieve the goal set. The outcomes of the study reveal that in Germany, Russia, and the United States, ethical problems in decision-making and communication in healthcare exist since the cultures and faiths of these countries' populations vary. Moreover, beliefs become more diverse due to the increasing number of migrants and medical tourists. It was found what ethical peculiarities of a particular religion can affect decision-making and communication during the provision of medical services to patients undergoing treatment in Germany, Russia, or the US. The results of the research can be applied in the scientific studies on ethical issues that arise in healthcare, as well as in the process of setting diagnosis, providing preventive care, treatment, transplantation, and euthanasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of cultural evolution of societies have been among the main issues discussed by cultural scientists in the light of various theories ever since the 9th century when the cultural identities were classified and defined by some determining elements such as folklore and language, and national identities were built on the basis of 'us and the others'. Possessing cultural elements and determining areas of influence based on these elements have been the main motivation source at the focus of many of these discussions. In this context, at the beginning of the 20th century, institutionalization studies aimed at investigating the basic cultural dynamics for the construction of nation-states have expanded from the center to the periphery and evolved towards creating an awareness level of themselves in others by shifting from the local to the international dimension. Defined as national cultural institutes, these institutions have aimed at the aforementioned notion of creating an awareness of themselves in others by carrying out their cultural and artistic activities-mainly language teaching, in different countries according to their own cultural policy and strategies in line with their cultural policies. In the modern century, these institutions, which were at the center of the cultural policies that states have structured accordingly to the international arena, fulfill many functions overtly or tacitly. First of all, it performs a superior function like protecting the cultural heritage of societies and transferring this memory to international platforms, to position it correctly among the world's cultural heritage. It can also be speculated that these institutions have a crucial function in the realization of cultural interaction in a true and efficient way, also have another tacit role in helping individuals' developing intercultural sensitiveness and minimizing the intercultural clashes. Although transmitting the cultural heritage to the next generations constitutes the cultural policy of all states, socio-economically and interculturally active states aim to uplift and promote their cultural heritage to wider geographies around the world. At this point, cultural diplomacy comes into play and enables the promotion of intangible cultural heritage elements not only in its own geography but also in a wider area and in other cultures. Hence, when the governments have been convinced that they wouldn't be that effective through classical ways of declaration and demanding, they were to reorganize their cultural transmission by adopting an inclusive and integrative attitude in order to have a voice in socio-cultural arenas and political platforms globally. Turkish culture, which has a well-established history and a rich content, has been late in introducing particularly intangible cultural heritage elements to larger spaces by establishing a national cultural institute to implement its cultural diplomacy with respect to its Western counterparts. Today, the first institution or the first authority that comes to mind first for anyone who wants to carry out an activity abroad, obtain first-hand information about a country including all the features of the related culture have become the national cultural institutes of the relevant country. In the study, initially some information on the most essential and the most efficient cultural institutes of Europe and Yunus Emre Institute, a Turkish counterpart which undertook the responsibility as the leading institution in cultural diplomacy in Turkey will be presented. Yunus Emre Institute, which undertook Turkey's cultural diplomacy responsibility since 2007 has been examined in its educational, artistic and cultural services examined in a comparative approach with its Western counterparts. Besides the position of Turkish culture has been tried to be determined compared to other cultures in the world. Comparative process of the study is largely based on cultural and artistic properties from 2014 onwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes intercultural issues in marriages between Japanese men and women from former Soviet Union countries. Focusing on the differences in meanings and assumptions that guide couples in their marriages and the historical-cultural roots of these differences, the paper argues that spouses adapt, negotiate, and change their expectations to each other in response to the cultural encounters that deviate from their familiar cultural patterns. The data for the research was collected by the author between 2006 and 2014 in urban areas of Japan. It consists in-depth interviews with Russian-speaking women (48) and Japanese men (20), participant observation in couples' homes, women's gatherings, and communication in an online Russian-language community. The analysis reveals the effects of cultural differences on relationships between spouses in international marriages in Japan, discusses the fluidity and change of cultural notions over time, and explains how spouses justify these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines an entrepreneurial public diplomacy initiative led by U.S. Embassy in Athens in the form of a hackathon to address the refugee crisis in Greece. Drawing from the public diplomacy framework and principles of intercultural communication, the analysis focused on communication strategies used to bring together a diverse range of stakeholders to work on solutions for the refugees in Athens. Results show that when stakeholders commit to transparent communication and foster intercultural dialogue in a structured format, people from different backgrounds can work collaboratively on entrepreneurial initiatives. Also, by allowing refugees to be equal participants in the hackathon, the organizers empowered them to actively participate in creating solutions for their community, which helped to reinvent how the larger Athens community perceived them as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptual vagueness surrounding the role of the public service interpreter can hinder collaboration between interpreters and providers. Inspired by Mason's work on interpreter positioning, the study aimed to clarify providers' expectations of the role of the interpreter in order to strengthen interprofessional collaboration. A typological analysis was conducted based on 23 healthcare providers' perceptions of the public service interpreter. The Typology of Healthcare Interpreter Positionings features eight positionings that reinforce the interprofessional collaboration and nine that compromise it. The result is a concrete portrait that depicts the neutrality of the public service interpreter as a powerful driver of collaboration. Providers also agree that interpreters must be able to take their place in the consultation, even if it means being assertive and modifying the discourse of the interlocutors. Navigating such situations while maintaining the provider's trust requires interactional knowledge (soft skills), which complements technical knowledge (hard skills). The Typology represents a communication tool that both providers and interpreters can use to foster collaboration. It also represents a professionalization tool as it reiterates the importance of neutrality in the work of public service interpreters and their social positioning as professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In L1 business English contexts and many intercultural contexts in which English is used a business lingua franca （BELF）, small talk is used strategically to manage crucial business relationships and thereby facilitate business collaborations. As business across language barriers has become a global norm, it is vital to understand how strategic small talk is used by BELF speakers for whom it is not an L1 convention, such as Japanese businesspeople, and how different ways of doing business small talk might be perceived. In this paper, common functions and features of strategic small talk as it is enacted in mainly L1 English contexts are examined and a descriptive framework is proposed consisting of five value-categories: egalitarianism, collaboration, convergence, engagement and individualism. A comparison of the attitudes and role play performances of Japanese BELF users with the framework reveals significant points of difference within four of the five value-categories. Consequences for BELF collaborations are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although various aspects of intercultural communication have been examined in the works of various authors, there is still a lack of more in-depth research to analyse effective intercultural interaction in the context of combining intercultural competences and creativity competences. A number of works on intercultural communication identify only the barriers to effective communication and provide ways to overcome them; they insufficiently focus on the importance of competence development, in particular the role of creativity in ensuring effective intercultural communication. Meanwhile, the role of creativity as a process of generating new ideas and solving problems in intercultural communication is undeniable. There is no doubt that in order to ensure effective intercultural communication, it is necessary to combine intercultural competences with creativity competences. The object of this study is the development of intercultural competencies and creativity competencies in the context of intercultural interaction. The aim of this article is to examine the development of intercultural competencies and creativity as a basis for successful intercultural communication. Through the works of various scholars, the article describes the aspects of intercultural competences and creativity competence development in the context of intercultural interaction, and emphasises the importance of combining these competencies in order to achieve effective intercultural communication. The following methods are applied in the work: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the most important developments in Dutch Studies in Slovakia after de accreditation of the study program in the 1990s. It focuses on the important personalities who contributed to the founding of the department and shaped its international standing and scientific focus. The paper also maps didactic and scientific activities, international projects, and cooperation of the department with key partners in Slovakia and abroad. It concludes by outlining the perspective of the development of Dutch Studies in Slovakia in the context of the current criteria for the accreditation of small languages and the status of Dutch in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the phenomenon of internationalization of higher education. It turns out that globalization is the background for the development of the internationalization of education. Problems of internationalization of education are analyzed, including the problem of multicultural education, strategies of internationalization of higher education, the problem of intercultural communication. It is emphasized that the phenomena of "encapsulation" and "dissolution" are risks in the way of internationalization of education. It is noted that the student environment is turning into a wide, global space for direct interaction of large masses of representatives of various cultural forms and traditions. The experience of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University in this direction of scientific and pedagogical activity is studied. The article is based on the program documents of the educational space of the European Union. It is substantiated that the internationalization of higher education contributes to the formation of the "knowledge society". The problems and challenges of the process of internationalization of higher education in Ukrainian society are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the need to develop new approaches to the problems of intercultural communication under modern conditions. The established theories were formulated in the mid-20th century in a specific historical context and for specific purposes; today they are outdated. The ongoing globalisation, changing global balance of power, increased mobility of the ever-growing masses of the world population, mainly in the spheres of tourism, education and labour migration, call for new concepts and theoretical frameworks. Cultural globalisation revived interest in national cultures, creating a desire to preserve national traditions, lifestyles, characteristic features of everyday life and even those of the worldview. This process is stimulated by the opposition between increasing globalisation and attempts to uphold national identity. Thus, most nations today find issues related to national identity increasingly important and sensitive. The clash between the two opposing vectors - cultural standardisation, on the one hand, and a kind of cultural nationalism, on the other - leads to a growing number of cross-cultural misunderstandings and conflicts. This study relies on a variety of sources, including the results of a survey of Russian and Chinese students studying at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The discussion of the need to design new approaches to intercultural communication is illustrated by the experiences of Chinese students studying at Russian universities and Russian academics teaching Chinese students. The number of Chinese students is steadily growing, but Russian educational institutions are not prepared to handle this increased inflow. Students, in their turn, are not prepared to integrate into an alien culture. Apart from the need to develop new principles and techniques for cross-cultural studies, the paper also emphasises the importance of providing practical information and advice in various forms - the Internet, guidebooks, induction courses to help international students to adapt to the Russian education system and everyday life. Of great importance are professional advancement courses for the Russian faculty teaching students from China, which would offer them an introduction into Chinese education traditions, behaviour patterns and mentality. Some other ways of addressing the current issues in integrating Chinese students into the Russian world are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this theoretical research is to analyze and explain the contribution of public relations in intercultural dialogue within social organizations. To do this we resorted to investigating the social conflicts occurred during 2020; as well as to describe how the use of communication tools, in particular intercultural dialogue, can promote understanding and empathy in the face of different social problems. The communicative management that a public relations professional must carry out through effective communication must aim at mutual understanding between government and citizens, highlighting the active participation of the community, emphasizing the active participation of the community and the value represented by the continuous debate between the citizens and their institutions. For public relations professionals, it is a challenge to carry out intercultural communication with the purpose of solving the serious problems of dialogue and lack of understanding, thus recognizing the importance of maintaining a strategic organizational communication, where the messages are bidirectional, generating thus greater interaction and, above all, the resolution of social conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing reflects some of the different characteristics of the language being used and of the people who are communicating. The present paper focusses on the internal written communication in international and inter-disciplinary research projects. Using a case study of an international public health research project, it argues that the authorship and the languages used in internal project communication are not neutral but help to generate or reinforce power hierarchies. Within research partnerships, language thus raises ethical issues that have so far been neglected. Current ethics guidelines often focus on interactions between scientists and participants of social research and clinical trials, with less attention paid to the interactions among the scientists themselves. Describing all the different project phases based on writing within a research project, the paper distinguishes different influences on the distribution of power that emerge through a focus on written communication. The focus of the present paper is to illuminate the issues of ethics, power and the dimensions of hierarchy, physical location and native versus non-native English speakers that arise from paying attention to such communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide recommendations for adequately training healthcare providers in intercultural communication skills. We discuss three main recommendations concerning intercultural communication skills training. First, we give an overview of the fundamental skills in which healthcare providers should receive training, such as self-awareness and adaptability. Second, we briefly discuss how such training should be delivered, and focus on different language support methods, including those that work with different types of interpreters and digital tools. Third, we discuss how within-group differences can be taken into account to prevent stereotyping. To illustrate these recommendations, we provide certain examples of existing good practices and interventions. In today's superdiverse societies, delivering culturally and linguistically sensitive healthcare tailored to the needs, values, and preferences of individual patients is a prerequisite for good quality healthcare communication. To achieve this goal, there is a need for clearer recommendations for affirmative action, guidelines, policy, and support for the topic of diversity sensitivity in healthcare, such as evidence-based interventions, than is currently the case. That is, structural changes on a system level are urgently needed to support healthcare providers to implement diversity sensitivity in their daily clinical work. • Training healthcare providers' cultural skills is essential. • Cultural skill training should be integrated in medical curricula. • Intercultural communication should be tailored to the individual patient. • To prevent stereotyping awareness of within-group differences is needed. • System level changes are needed to support healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research is situated in the field of the pragmatics of fiction (Jucker and Locher, 2017 ; Messerli, 2017), and explores a website that makes Asian drama series and movies accessible to an international audience by means of fan generated subtitles in over 150 languages (www.viki.com ; Dwyer, 2012, 2017). The streaming site offers a social network and participatory element in that it provides viewers with different possibilities of participation. Next to producing subtitles in teams, members can comment on episodes and actors, rate shows, produce their own videos, write to each other, etc. This paper explores the possibility of viewers commenting on the episode while it is being watched as a dynamic form of active reception. These comments are time-aligned with the video, which acts as the pivot of the interaction. Viewers can read other fans' comments, and can contribute their own comments and thus their own voice to this additional communal layer of drama series reception. Despite the fact that viewers typically view episodes and read/write comments asynchronously, a simultaneous viewing experience among an international community is created. We present a case study of the viewing of the first episode of two series and show how the commenters negotiate a number of issues, which include expectations about genre, character development, intertextuality and culture. We demonstrate that engaging with the video through written comments, engaging with each other in these comments and participating cross-linguistically are highly interactive, pragmatic achievements between different modes of communication of which the video itself is the starting point. Crucially, the timed comments also contribute to translating and making sense of the cultural 'other' as rendered in the videos. This is particularly the case in the comments on culture triggered by the video but also transpires in dialogues between the members. • Communal TV watching affordances on streaming platforms join international audiences. • Timed comments are multifunctional, among them the translation of culture. • The participation structure allows fans to contribute to the fictional artefact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of the Other, (which in this document will be presented in capital letters due to the deliberate intention of giving it dignity and value of equality), is the axis of the literary review in which it is exposed from the field of communication, that there is not possibility of dialogue without an Other. The Other is not seen as the antagonist or as the enemy, but as the very reason for the communicative fact. Thus, the literature of Husserl, Buber, Gadamer, Freire, Prieto, Quintanilla, Theunissen, Panikkar, among others, is traversed to recover their references made about the Other and the qualities resulting from dialogue as an experience of encounter with otherness. The relational encounter with the Other that the communicative experience becomes effective is assumed from both an existential and a humanistic dimension, showing the difference between a dialectical dialogue, telegraphic or unidirectional, and the dialogical dialogue, as a space and environment conducive to construction and equitable exchange of senses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicultural personality traits have been shown to predict intercultural outcomes in a range of settings. However, how these traits affect behaviour during intercultural interactions remains an understudied area. A study was conducted among participants in intercultural training sessions, to examine whether scores on the five dimensions of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) could predict how they performed in the intercultural simulation game "Barnga." Both a self‐rating and other‐rating of intercultural effectiveness were included. Furthermore, we examined whether perceived stress and pro‐active communication played a mediating role. Results of Latent Growth Curve Modelling (LGCM) show that emotional stability has a positive effect on mean scores (intercept) of both self‐rated and other‐rated outcomes, mediated through perceived stress. Social Initiative has a positive effect on the rate of improvement (slope) in other‐rated outcomes during the simulation, mediated through pro‐active communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of cultural adaptation of foreign undergraduate students upon admission to study at master's degree programs in Russian universities. The analysis of collected research data is performed based on the critical incident technique. The study involved conducting respondent interviews. The data obtained in the course of the study reveals the main indicators of stress, adaptation, and growth of communicative competence in various ethnic and cultural groups of respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developments in communication, transportation Technologies and globalization, by which the borders have been removed, people have become more mobile. As a result of this mobility, environments where people from different cultures come together and communicate for various purposes have increased. It is expected that educators working in countries with cultures different from their own culture to be sensitive to cultural differences and have intercultural communication skills. Within this context, the aim of the research is to determine the intercultural communication perceptions of teachers assigned by the Ministry of National Education to teach Turkish language and culture abroad. According to the results of the research, using the phenomenology design, the teachers have positive feelings about intercultural communication. In addition, they expressed their perceptions about the concept of cultural difference as spiritual or abstract elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose to sketch some working hypotheses around the problem of the use of television series in the teaching of the FLE, addressing in an interdisciplinary way the possible fields of exploitation of contemporary cinema. We will focus most of our observations on the use of cultural stereotypes and intercultural communication, considering their expanded exploitation and illustration in the American television series Emily in Paris (2020). The issue of personal and cultural identity will also be explored from the perspectives of new media usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cultural diversity has been a growing discussion topic at conferences in recent years, the library and information science (LIS) profession remains in the gatekeepers of predominately white and female identities. Consequently, due to perpetual homogeneity and systemic institutional norms, some information professionals lack a deeper understanding of effective intercultural approaches and strategies to serve patrons who come from different cultural, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds. This study demonstrates how information professionals can promote civic engagement by engaging in introspective reflections of their own identities and privileges. The qualitative content analysis of fourteen personal identity narrative papers from a recent 'Cultural Competence" course reveals how students' understanding on identity, privilege, oppression, and intersectionality evolved by self-exploring their own cultural identity narratives. This study addresses an approach to LIS education that calls for intentional efforts in developing experiential pedagogical approaches for facilitating critical self-reflection through coursework. Finally, it emphasises that self-reflexive information professionals equipped with cultural humility will go a long way in promoting civic engagement and building a more respectful, collaborative, cohesive, and culturally sensitive community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid expansion of South Korean investment in Asia and Africa highlights a need to understand how local staff manage intercultural communication, particularly involving conflict with their superiors. South Korea is Vietnam's largest investor and the Southern Key Economic Zone hosts the majority of 1252 projects and 70,000–80,000 South Koreans working in Vietnam. This paper reports on a mixed methods data set comprising 356 survey responses and nine in-depth interviews of Vietnamese workers at South Korean companies in Bình Dương province. According to workers, the main causes of conflict in workplace interactions with Korean managers are 'differences in working culture' – especially about workplace time use – and 'attitude differences'. The most popular solution from both sides is to apologise. However, workers report frequently remaining silent when they are verbally abused. This research shows that intercultural communication is an ongoing and dynamic interpersonal process that is influenced by social, contextual and individual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is devoted to the foreign language communicative competence development among non-linguistic universities under-graduate students. This research covered the issue of foreign language education based on the cognitiveconceptual model for teaching English to non-linguistic university students. As the main research method, pedagogical modelling was chosen. The experiment was conducted at Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, and Ural Institute of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia among 72 undergraduate students. The results of several curriculum-based tests showed that the percentage of correct determination of expressions with the context available increased from 54% to 93.2% in EG1, and from 41.9 to 85.5% in EG2. The overall students' understanding of lexical units increased by 39.2% and 43.6%, respectively. The ratio of misunderstanding/understanding of speech utterances increased from 15/7 to 6/16, while the proportion of students who do not use/use various interpretation strategies changed from 8/14 to 3/19. The developed cognitive-conceptual methodology effectiveness for teaching foreign language communicative competence was proven. It can be applied to train students of various specialisations at different university degree levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is a description of modern national Tatar Literature beginning with the 1970s till the present. The methods of continuous sampling, linguistic description, and the comparative method have been the tools for this research. The object of this study is the reflection of the term "forest" in the national literature. Nowadays, the irreplaceable role of forests as an ecological framework of the biosphere, the main component of natural complexes determining the stability and ecological balance on the planet, is universally recognized. In modern literature, forests are reflected as a global spiritual crisis of mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify strategies to manage cultural diversity and develop creativity at "Fertial Company" in Algeria, following a partnership with a Spanish partner that caused intercultural communication problems among multicultural competencies. As a solution, managers have worked on cultural diversity management methods to support external pressures arising from the external environment and internal pressures related to the functional combination of Cultural backgrounds. The study finds that multiculturalism enhances human and organizational capital, leads to organizational flexibility, and leads to creativity, multiple options, creative alternatives, and solves problems efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific knowledge produced in the field of public and global health is often considered objective ; however, they include value judgments, and help define health in a normative way, which ignores the social context or cultural environment which they operate in. In this article, we seek to shed light on how normative health, defined in the interdisciplinary field of public and global health, promotes a universalization of prescriptions and proscriptions of behaviors akin to cultural imperialism. Through the results of a field study carried out in Yopougon, municipality of the city of Abidjan, in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), we identify certain tensions between what we call "international health culture" knowledge and popular experiential knowledge. We suggest that scientific and popular knowledge should be combined to guide health interventions in Côte d'Ivoire, allowing collaboration between health professionals and researchers and the localities concerned. The study of social representations of health, understood as the beliefs, information, values, and constitutive norms of a society, seems a promising avenue for reflecting on the tensions between the international health culture and experiential popular knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]