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In the turbulent environment of today's world, if a company or organization does not have the ability to adapt to global changes and developments, it is doomed to collapse and destruction. Therefore, companies and organizations, if they want their survival not to be threatened, should accept creativity and innovation as the main keywords of their main strategies, programs and policies. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of knowing and understanding the inertia of innovation in knowledge-based companies. This research is based on mixed research and is qualitative and quantitative, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is managers and professors of knowledge-based companies, whose opinions are examined in the qualitative and quantitative part of the research as experts. The members of the statistical sample of this research were selected by purposive sampling method. In the qualitative part of the research, the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed using the CVR coefficient and intra-coder and inter-coder tests. The tool for collecting information in the quantitative part is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retesting. In the qualitative part, the qualitative data obtained from the interview were analyzed using Atlas.ti software and the coding method, and the factors causing innovation inertia in Iranian knowledge-based companies were identified. In addition, in the quantitative part of the research, using the FCM method, the factors that create and the consequences of innovation inertia in Iran's knowledge-based companies are prioritized, and the most important factors that create and the consequences of innovation inertia in knowledge-based companies are identified. The results of the research show that the rule of the imitation culture instead of the culture of innovation, suffering from intellectual arthritis syndrome, fear and conservative spirit, intellectual freezing and using previous experiences in solving new problems are the most important factors that cause the inertia of innovation, as well as four factors. Among other things, the reduction of efficiency and productivity, weakness in learning and problem solving, making unfavorable decisions and the risk of the organization's survival, and the phenomenon of strategic blockage and impasse are very important consequences of the inertia of innovation in knowledge-based companies.

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the large-scale deployment of hydropower on the provision of frequency regulation services, when equipped with the extended flexibility solutions being developed and/or tested within the scope of the XFLEX HYDRO project. The current analysis is performed on the Iberian Peninsula (IP) power grid considering its interconnection to the Continental Europe (CE) system, since this power system zone is expected to have the most severe frequency transient behaviour in future scenarios with increased shares of variable renewable energies. For this purpose, prospective scenarios with increased shares of time variable renewable generation were identified and analysed. To assess the impacts of the hydropower flexibility solutions on frequency dynamics after a major active power loss, extensive time domain simulations were performed of the power system, including reliable reduced order dynamic models for the hydropower flexibility solutions under evaluation. This research assesses the effects of synchronous and synthetic inertia, and of the Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) and Fast Frequency Response (FFR) services as specified in European grid codes. The main findings highlight the potential of hydropower inertia and of adopting a variable speed technology for enhancing frequency stability, while contribute to better understand the role of hydropower plants in future power systems.

The progressive substitution of conventional synchronous generation for renewable-based generation imposes a series of challenges in many aspects of modern power systems, among which are the issues related to the low rotational inertia systems. Rotational inertia and the kinetic energy stored in the rotating masses in the power system play a fundamental role in the operation of power systems as it represents in some sort the ability of the system to withstand imbalances between generation and demand. Therefore, transmission system operators (TSOs) need tools to forecast the inertia or the kinetic energy available in the systems in the very short term (from minutes to hours) in order to take appropriate actions if the values fall below the one that ensures secure operation. This paper proposes a methodology based on machine learning (ML) techniques for short-term kinetic energy forecasting available in power systems; it focuses on the length of the moving window, which allows for obtaining a balance between the historical information needed and the horizon of forecasting. The proposed methodology aims to be as flexible as possible to apply to any power system, regardless of the data available and the software used. To illustrate the proposed methodology, time series of the kinetic energy recorded in the Nordic Power System (NPS) has been used as a case study. The results show that Linear Regression (LR) is the most suitable method for a time horizon of one hour due to its high accuracy-to-simplicity ratio, while Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is the most accurate for a forecasting horizon of four hours. Experimental assessment has been carried out using Typhoon HIL-404 simulator, verifying that both algorithms are suitable for real-time simulation.

When studying the properties of candidate materials for fuel elements of designed nuclear power plants, the most important role is played by conducting reactor experiments. To obtain information about the temperature change of samples of experimental fuel rods in real time, they are instrumented with thermocouples. The correctness of the performed measurements depends on various factors, an important one of which is the quality of the thermocouple seal on the surface of the test sample. As part of the preparation for conducting fuel experiments at the IR-8 reactor of the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, it is necessary to conduct pre-reactor tests of experimental fuel rods and their prototypes. This article discusses a computational and experimental method, the use of which makes it possible to obtain the inertia of thermocouples attached to the test object in various ways. Requirements for the inertia of thermocouples used during testing are determined on the basis of the parameters of the considered nonstationary processes. Comparison of the total inertias of the fixed thermocouples and the experimental prototype can also be used to draw conclusions about the quality of the embedment. To test the proposed method for determining inertia, a special laboratory rig was created on which experimental values were obtained for thermocouples attached to the surface of the sample in two ways. A description and results of testing an analytical model for determining the error in measuring the sample temperature using thermocouples are provided. The possibilities of using the developed computational and experimental method in preparing reactor research of experimental fuel rods are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–robot interaction is of the utmost importance as it enables seamless collaboration and communication between humans and robots, leading to enhanced productivity and efficiency. It involves gathering data from humans, transmitting the data to a robot for execution, and providing feedback to the human. To perform complex tasks, such as robotic grasping and manipulation, which require both human intelligence and robotic capabilities, effective interaction modes are required. To address this issue, we use a wearable glove to collect relevant data from a human demonstrator for improved human–robot interaction. Accelerometer, pressure, and flexi sensors were embedded in the wearable glove to measure motion and force information for handling objects of different sizes, materials, and conditions. A machine learning algorithm is proposed to recognize grasp orientation and position, based on the multi-sensor fusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove strong convergence theorem of the general inertial Mann–Halpern algorithm for nonexpansive mappings in the setting of Hilbert spaces. We also prove weak convergence theorem of the general inertial Mann algorithm for k-strict pseudo-contractive mappings in the setting of Hilbert spaces. These convergence results extend and generalize some existing results in the literature. Finally, we provide examples to verify our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study an effort-sharing approach based on Inertia and Capability principles is proposed to assess European Union (EU27) carbon budget distribution among the Member States. This is done within the context of achieving the Green Deal objective and EU27 carbon neutrality by 2050. An in-depth analysis is carried out about the role of Economic Decoupling embedded in the Capability principle to evaluate the correlation between the expected increase of economic production and the level of carbon intensity in the Member States. The study proposes a simple mathematical model as a policy tool to assess and redistribute Member States' carbon budgets as frequently as necessary to encourage progress or overcome the difficulties each Member State may face during the decarbonization pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the influence of the rough airport pavement on the wheel-holding mechanism of tractors during traction, a vibration isolation device should be installed between the wheel-holding mechanism and the car body. Taking displacement transmissibility as the evaluation index of vibration isolation performance and random pavement function as excitation, this paper analyzes the vibration characteristics of the wheel-holding mechanism after adding inertial isolation device. It then compares the influences of spring stiffness, damping coefficient and inertial coefficient on the vibration isolation performance of the system. The results show that the average displacement transmissibility of traditional vibration isolation device and inertial vibration isolation device reaches 71.45% and 65.23% respectively. The increase of spring stiflness boosts the resonance frequency and anti- resonance frequency of the system. When the damping coefficient increases, the vibration transmission at resonance frequency decreases while the vibration isolation effect at anti-resonance frequency decreases. Higher inertia coefficient resulls in lower resonance frequency and anti-resonance frequency and wider vibration isolation frequency band. But the vibration isolation performance at high frequency tends to decline. Therefore, when the anti-resonance frequency is slightly lower than the working vibration frequency of the car body, the inertial vibration isolation device delivers outstanding performances in vibration isolation. Finally, our orthogonal test reveals the inertia coefficient exerts the biggest impact on the anti-resonance frequency point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to clarify the core attributes of travel photography service, and how it may be possible to cultivate tourist loyalty to this service when travelling to the next destination. A mixed method with two studies was conducted to answer these questions. Study 1 adopted semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to identify the key variables and their potential relations. The results showed that co-creation experience in travel photography was mainly composed of sense seeking, multi-actor interaction, and active participation, which played an extremely important role in tourists' cognitive memory, service outcome evaluation, and future travel decision-making. To further verify the relationship between variables, study 2 used a survey to explore the formative mechanism and boundary conditions of the co-creation experience on tourist repurchase intention. The results indicated the co-creation experience was positively associated with repurchase intention. Memory recollection and photo satisfaction both mediated this relationship. Inertia positively moderated the relationships between co-creation experience, memory recollection and photo satisfaction on repurchase intention. These effects were stronger when individual inertia was high. This study also provides practical insights into how it may be possible to cultivate travel service loyalty in destination marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The installation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) with various shapes and capacities is increasing due to the continuously rising demand for renewable energy. To prepare for potential accidents, a study was conducted to select the optimal location for installing an input BESS in terms of frequency stability when the index assumes the backup input of the BESS. This study builds on the premise that installing a BESS on a bus in an area where active power absorption and transmission are the most active can significantly contribute to increasing the frequency recovery of the power system. Based on this premise, the magnitude of the active power flow and the proportional characteristics of the phase difference between buses were mathematically confirmed. This study also calculated the effective power sensitivity index of a bus with 13 FR-ESSs installed in a domestic system and reviewed the frequency output by establishing a table for each failure scenario. The results indicated that the effect of frequency rise can be estimated at the level of tidal current calculation. Thus, the study suggested a direction for subsequent studies to improve the sensitivity index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the sustainable development of energy, the development of new power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy has become a key research direction in the field of power systems. This paper studies the system frequency response process and key indicators from the perspective of high-penetration renewable power systems and proposes an inertia and primary frequency response requirement assessment method for power system planning under high renewable penetration. First, by analyzing the frequency dynamic response process, the key parameters affecting frequency stability are determined, and the evolution trend of system inertia with increasing renewable penetration is analyzed. Second, based on the real-system data, the inertia and primary frequency response parameters for each generator are obtained. With the planning generation mix and load as the goal, whether the synchronous generators in the target system can meet the frequency stability requirements is determined. Finally, with the system inertia demand under the maximum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) constraint as the starting point, we iteratively increase inertia and the primary frequency response capacity until the minimum matching configuration is found. The simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed assessment method. This method considers various processes in frequency response and multiple influencing factors, providing a practical evaluation tool for the inertia and primary frequency response requirements of high-penetration renewable power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid flow in deformable fractures is important to many applications including hydraulic stimulation. Fracture flow simulations typically rely on the Poiseuille flow model which presumes laminar quasi‐steady‐state flow conditions with negligible inertia. The high flow rates involved in industrial applications bring these assumptions into question. The GG22 flow model is a new method to capture inertial effects and turbulent flow phenomena with a moderate increase in computational complexity. Here we develop and verify the first hydro‐mechanically coupled finite element – finite volume model for fracture flow which uses the GG22 model. We use the model to examine fracture flow between oscillating elastic plates and show that inertia may elicit phase‐shifts in the fluid response, larger fluid pressures and rock mass stresses, and induce wave‐like behaviour even in a quasi‐static rock mass. We then apply the model to hydraulic stimulation of a cemented fracture in both the viscous and toughness dominant propagation regimes and examine the influence of inertia and turbulence compared to Poiseuille flow. We demonstrate that inertial effects due to the variation of aperture are negligible in two‐dimensional KGD‐like fractures with constant injection rates. If the flow rates are large enough to invoke turbulent flow behaviour, then significantly different fracture propagation behaviour is observed. The modelling established in this article will serve as the basis to examine the role of inertia and turbulence in axisymmetrical radial fractures and dynamic stimulation with pressure pulsing where we expect the role of inertia to be more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seed germination dynamics of Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia rufescens, Faidherbia albida, and Piliostigma reticulatum were investigated over 28 days. Seeds were pretreated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Determined germination parameters included germination energy, germination period, germination capacity, germination inertia, and viability loss. Seeds exposed to sulfuric acid for extended periods (30, 40, 50, and 60 min) exhibited a higher germination rate (α = 0.05). For A. nilotica seeds, the 50 min acid treatment resulted in the highest germination energy of 85.5% and germination capacity of 89.5% (P = 0.001); conversely, the 60-min treatment yielded the highest germination energy and capacity, both 96.5% (P = 0.079), for P. reticulatum. In the case of B. rufescens, the 30-min treatment led to the highest germination energy of 93% and germination capacity of 88% (P = 0.001). For F. albida, all acid treatments resulted in 100% for both germination energy and germination capacity (P = 0.621). Viability losses for A. nilotica and P. reticulatum were higher (32 and 30%, respectively) than those for B. rufescens and F. albida, which were 19.5 and 6%, respectively (P = 0.000). Generally, higher germination energy resulted in lower viability loss, dependent on the species. Analyses of germination inertia and viability loss suggest that seeds of A. nilotica and P. reticulatum possess a greater ability to survive in arid land climates than those of B. rufescens and F. albida. However, due to the advantage of lower viability loss, B. rufescens and F. albida should be preferred for the natural restoration of arid land ecosystems where seed availability is a major concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper is the history of how the theory of inertial inflation was developed in Brazil in the early 1980s, when inflation was very high, much higher than the stagflation that happened in the United States in the previous decade. Perhaps this fact explains why the theory was formulated in Brazil and not in the United States. The main papers and the book that defined the new theory are duly referred. And the author, that in the 1980s and 1990s was a political actor, also tells the history of the application of the theory, the failures and successes.

Abstract Change necessitates companies to alter their established routines. But how flexible are routines, and how can they be changed? Research has given very different answers to this question. While some researchers see routines as rigid and opposed to change, others see them as flexible and a source of change. The problem is not only that these positions are unrelated, but that there is no foundation that conceptually encompasses and connects both elements of routines, rigidity and changeability, which is why these two facets currently present as opposites. Current research tends towards the second position, neglecting the rigidity of routines. This paper offers an action-based microfoundation of routine change expanding Feldman and Pentland’s ostensive-performative approach beyond feedback processes. The focus of the theoretical conceptualization of routines is on action-specific knowledge acquired and applied through repetition. This action-based microfoundation allows the contradictory views of previous research to be positioned in a larger context. Routines are flexible, but only incrementally; they exhibit rigidity towards radical change. Building on this theoretical conceptualization, this paper distinguishes four types of routine changes: routinization/expansion, adaptation, problem fixing, and deliberate routine exchange. This distinction can contribute significantly to the focus of research and thus make it more rigorous. It also allows the rigidities of routines to be taken into account more strongly than before, thereby significantly increasing the relevance of routine research.

Inertia is a phenomenon of repeat purchase patterns that consumers unconsciously follow because they are based only on habits. This study explores the phenomenon of inertia by focusing on the stimulants of brand credibility, perceived risk, and brand satisfaction. SmartPLS was used to test the relationship between constructs. A total of 180 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results show that brand credibility is an antecedent of perceived quality, brand satisfaction, consumer inertia, and brand commitment. Perceived quality is the beginning of brand satisfaction and commitment. Moreover, brand satisfaction affects consumer inertia. Mediation tests involving perceived quality demonstrate its role as a mediator in the relationship between brand credibility, brand satisfaction, and brand commitment. This study estimates constructs containing consumer inertia by emphasizing the individual cognitive, affective, and conative aspects. The contributions of this study will be helpful for practitioners and academics to explore the determinants of inertia and commitment. JEL: M30, M31.

The data presented in this paper are related to the paper entitled “Optimal Estimation of Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Parameters by Considering Virtual Inertia Injection”, available in the Energies journal. Here, data are included to show the results of an Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) scheme that considers the injection of virtual inertia by a VSC-HVDC link. The data obtained in six cases which were considered and analyzed are shown. In this paper, each case represents a different frequency response configuration in the event of generation loss, taking into account the presence or absence of a VSC-HVDC link, traditional and optimized UFLS schemes, as well as the injection of virtual inertia by the VSC-HVDC link. Data for each example contain the state of the relay, threshold, position in every delay, load shed, and relay configuration parameters. Data were obtained through Digsilent Power Factory and Python simulations. The purpose of this dataset is so that other researchers can reproduce the results reported in our paper.

The autonomous control of landing procedures can provide the efficiency and precision that are vital for the successful, safe completion of space operations missions. Controlling a lander with this precision is challenging because the propellants, which will be expended during the operations, represent a significant fraction of the lander’s mass. The mass variation of each tank profoundly influences the inertia and mass characteristics as thrust is generated and complicates the precise control of the lander state. This factor is a crucial consideration in our research and methodology. The dynamics model for our lander was developed where the mass, inertia, and center of mass (COM) vary with time. A feed-forward neural network (NN) is incorporated into the dynamics to capture the time-varying inertia tensor and COM. Moreover, the propellant takes time to travel through the feed lines from the storage tanks to the engine; also, the solenoid valves require time to open and close. Therefore, there are time delays between the actuator and the engine response. To take into account these sources of variations, a combined time delay is also included in the control loop to evaluate the effect of delays by fluid and mechanisms on the performance of the controller. The time delay is estimated numerically by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. As part of the lander’s control mechanism, a thrust vector control (TVC) with two rotational gimbals and a reaction control system (RCS) are incorporated into the dynamics. Simple proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers are designed to control the thrust, the gimbal angles of the TVC, and the torque required by the RCS to manipulate the lander’s rotation and altitude. A complex mission with several numerical examples is presented to verify the hover and rotational motion control.

The article discusses the potential use of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for obesity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ketogenic diet, which involves restricting carbohydrate intake and increasing fat consumption, has shown benefits in experimental models of kidney disease. However, there are conflicting viewpoints on its suitability for CKD patients, with some concerns about the diet's high protein and fat content and potential nutritional deficiencies. The article presents arguments both for and against the use of the ketogenic diet in CKD patients, highlighting the need for further research and clinical trials to determine its safety and effectiveness. The author suggests that experts in renal nutrition should explore dietary treatments with low carbohydrate content and high fat for obese CKD patients. [Extracted from the article]

IntroductionThe study explores the influence of Status Quo Bias theory constructs and the mediating role of inertia on individuals' resistance in making sustainable green home investment decisions among Indian homeowners and prospective homebuyers.MethodsA structured questionnaire was administered to 404 participants, and data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modeling (PLS SEM).ResultsThe findings indicate that factors such as loss aversion, transition costs, adherence to social norms, and self-efficacy to change significantly contribute to individuals' resistance to green home investments. Inertia further amplifies the relationship between transition costs, social norms, and self-efficacy to change, but does not mediate the impact of loss aversion.DiscussionThis study is valuable for enhancing our understanding of biases in decision-making processes. To combat this resistance, it is crucial to provide clear information about the benefits of green home upgrades and offer incentives that reduce perceived costs and risks. This research sheds new light on the influence of status quo bias and inertia specifically within the context of green home investment decisions, addressing contemporary concerns for environmental sustainability and the increasing importance of such decisions in today's world.

In the present study an effort-sharing approach based on Inertia and Capability principles is proposed to assess European Union (EU27) carbon budget distribution among the Member States. This is done within the context of achieving the Green Deal objective and EU27 carbon neutrality by 2050. An in-depth analysis is carried out about the role of Economic Decoupling embedded in the Capability principle to evaluate the correlation between the expected increase of economic production and the level of carbon intensity in the Member States. The study proposes a simple mathematical model as a policy tool to assess and redistribute Member States’ carbon budgets as frequently as necessary to encourage progress or overcome the difficulties each Member State may face during the decarbonization pathways.

Getting 'stuck', literally and figuratively, is a common experience for autistic people. Literally 'stuck' means exhibiting limited response initiation due to immobility with tense muscles and inability to move. Figuratively 'stuck' means loneliness, passivity or captivity in activities that do not offer long-term satisfaction. To further conceptualize this complex phenomenon of limited response initiation in autistic individuals, we performed qualitative interviews and focus groups with autistic people and their family members, followed by brainstorm sessions and a Delphi study with input from a larger panel of experts from multiple backgrounds. We aimed to co-create the outline of an integrative approach to support autistic people in moving away from this 'stuck state' to more flexible, limber 'supple states' in order to live freer, more meaningful, satisfying and peaceful lives. Over time, in interaction with all participants, our shared insight grew. Based on this, we here stipulate a conceptual framework, in which the described 'stuck state' at the microlevel of the muscles/behavior of one individual, probably is caused by feeling/being 'stuck' or 'cramped' at several overarching (i.e., meso and macro) levels. For instance, stuck in relationships with unhealthy dynamics, stuck at home creating short-term calm, trance-like states (e.g., gaming), stuck at an educational level that might fit the individuals' current social-emotional state rather than their potential cognitive level, stuck in a job that pays the bills but does not feel meaningful, nor contributes to a satisfying life with opportunities for personal development. Stuck in a mental/public health care system where ever ongoing changes in policies hinder sustained support to suit care-needs. Stuck in a regulated societal system making it likely to repeatedly get stuck. Is this phenomenon specific to autism? Formally we have only conducted interviews with this population, but in another smaller, related project we also spoke to people from the general population with careers that are considered successful in the general society. These people actually voiced similar experiences. Therefore, we hypothesize that this numbing state of being or feeling 'stuck' may be a prevalent phenomenon that needs to be addressed. In this article, we discuss several types of interventive approaches (i.e., language-based talking therapies, affective experiential expressive therapies, physical therapies and systemic therapies), prevention as well as intervention programs, directed at different primary stakeholders, that can complement and enrich each other in an integrative policy, that leads to tailor-made, personalized trajectories of interdisciplinary support to enable people to live satisfying, meaningful, dignified and peaceful lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present novel evidence from a large panel of UK consumers who receive personalized reminders from a specialist price-comparison website about the precise amount they could save by switching to their best-suited alternative mobile telephony plan. We document three phenomena. First, even self-registered consumers with positive savings exhibit inertia. Second, we show that being informed about potential savings has a positive and significant effect on switching. Third, controlling for savings, the effect of incurring overage payments is significant and similar in magnitude to the effect of savings: paying an amount that exceeds the recurrent monthly fee weighs more on the switching decision than being informed that one can save that same amount by switching to a less inclusive plan. We interpret this asymmetric reaction on switching behavior as potential evidence of loss aversion. In other words, when facing complex and recurrent tariff plan choices, consumers care about savings but also seem to be willing to pay upfront fees in order to get "peace of mind". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instability of an incompressible boundary layer on a compliant plate with respect to inviscid perturbations in the limit of high Reynolds numbers is analyzed using triple-deck theory. It is shown that unstable inviscid perturbations can exist only if the inertia and/or damping of the plate are taken into account. A twofold role of damping is revealed: it suppresses instability under certain conditions, while leading to its generation under other conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studies of dynamic stability and power quality, it is necessary to know the values of the mechanical parameters determining the transient response of wind turbines. Their exact values are not as decisive as the power curve, but an inaccurate estimate can distort or even invalidate the simulation results. From a review of the literature, it has been found that, despite their importance, the values of inertia, stiffness and damping are hardly available for any turbine model. Another detected problem is the lack of confidence in the data origin. This article aims to solve the issue of the scarcity and unreliability of data on inertia, and gathers the information found on the remaining mechanical parameters. Available blade inertia values in kg · m 2 are presented. Special treatment has been given to those providing the mass distribution along the blade span, for which the provided values of inertia have been compared with those obtained numerically, showing good matching. With this, different reliable relations are obtained that allow for the calculation of the turbine rotor inertia, based on the mass and length of the blade. When the center of gravity is also available, a very correlated expression ( r 2 = 0.975 ) is provided to obtain the inertia. The references to the stiffness and damping constant of the drive train, which are even more rare, will also be presented. In addition, the study includes a revision of gearboxes, generators and blade weight, according to their IEC-class and material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of power electronics-interconnected generation systems to the grid has fostered a significant number of concerns on power system operations, particularly on the displacement of synchronous generators that leads to a reduction in the grid's overall inertia and frequency response. These concerns have raised a significant amount of state-of-the-art mathematical proposals on how to estimate system inertia; however, the majority of the proposals do not differentiate generator inertia from load inertia. When inertia prediction for control room applications is required in real-time, the current state-of-the-art proposals use the inertia of generators as a proxy for a minimum, overall inertia estimate, counting the number of units committed in real-time and adding up their inertia. However, as dynamic conditions are becoming challenging with the integration of power electronics-interconnected generation systems, it is important to quantify the amount of inertia from the loads, for which the state-of-the-art proposals present very limited advancement, particularly in applications with real data. This work presents a set of recorded actual events in the Chilean power system to estimate the contribution of loads to inertia and frequency response to assess whether the loads have a significant role in frequency stability. The contribution of this work is as follows: first, reporting real data of a power system from the PMU and SCADA systems that are usually classified as not public; and, second, to derive a conclusion from the data to assess the role of loads in frequency stability in a real case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As innovation barriers and inertia work against the application of new technologies in educational settings, reducing them will help overcome innovation resistance and increase the acceptance and adoption of this technology. This study aims to examine what types of innovation barriers and inertia there are (as perceived by users), how the types of users who perceive innovation resistance could be divided, and which characteristics differ depending on the type of user in a situation where a university adopts a new LMS as a learning technology tool for innovation. This study derived risk barriers, usage/value/tradition barriers, image barriers, and inertia as four factors that affect innovation resistance. The results of the study suggest that new LMS-related personalized support and training programs should be developed according to the specific needs and characteristics of each user cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A linear mixed model ( LMM ) can be given in certain multiple partitioned forms, and there exist reduced linear mixed models ( RLMM s) associated with the given partitioned linear mixed model. We consider in this work the best linear unbiased predictors ( BLUP s) of LMM and RLMM s. This work aims at establishing some analytical formulas for calculating ranks and inertias of dispersion matrices of BLUP s and using these formulas in the comparison of BLUP s' dispersion matrices under the LMM and RLMM s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the emergent dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators under the interplay between inertia and adaptive couplings. For the phase dynamics, we use the inertial Kuramoto model with time-dependent mutual coupling strengths. For the constant and uniform coupling strength, the inertial Kuramoto model can exhibit the slow relaxation dynamics toward phase-locked state under suitable conditions on system parameters and initial data. To model the time-evolution of mutual coupling strengths, we employ two types of coupling functions, namely " Hebbian coupling " and " anti-Hebbian coupling ". With these modeling spirit, the resulting coupled dynamics for the phase and mutual coupling strength becomes the coupled second-order and first-order systems of ordinary differential equations. For the proposed coupled system, we provide several sufficient frameworks for phase and frequency synchronization in terms of system parameters and initial data for Hebbian and anti-Hebbian coupling functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Knowledge inertia is the tendency to rely on past procedures, knowledge, or experience to address new issues and problems. In other words, it considers the future as today. In fact, individuals and organizations rely on their previous knowledge and experience to navigate unprecedented and new conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the consequences of knowledge inertia in knowledge-based companies. Method: The current research utilizes a mixed methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods within the inductive-deductive paradigm. It is also practical in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its nature and method. It is important to note that the statistical population for both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the research consists of experts, including managers of knowledge-based companies in Lorestan province and professors from the management department of Lorestan University. A purposeful sampling method was used to select 14 individuals as sample members. Therefore, according to the principle of theoretical sufficiency (which occurs when the researcher has gathered all available data and information necessary to understand the phenomenon and gain knowledge), the necessary data were collected to the fullest extent. It should be noted that in the qualitative aspect of the thematic analysis approach, apart from reviewing articles, books, and magazines, semi-structured interviews were also conducted. The validity and reliability of these interviews were assessed using the CVR coefficient and the Kappa-Cohen test, respectively. Confirmed. In the quantitative section, the data collection tool is the Delphi questionnaire. Its validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and inconsistency rate, respectively. Findings: The current research utilizes a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). The results obtained in the qualitative part indicate the identification of the consequences of knowledge inertia in knowledge-based companies. The results of this section, following data analysis using the coding approach (open, central, and selective coding) and Atlas.ti software, reveal fifteen factors as consequences of knowledge inertia in knowledge-seeking companies. In the quantitative aspect of the research, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to prioritize the consequences of knowledge inertia in scientific companies. The results indicate that the disclosure of the organization's strategies, the enhancement of predictability in the organization's operations, and the increase in stagnation and intellectual inertia are significant outcomes. The most significant consequences of knowledge inertia in knowledge-based companies are the loss of creativity and innovation, resistance to change, reduced performance, diminished organizational learning, and decreased agility and flexibility. Conclusion: Knowledge is considered one of the most fundamental and crucial assets for competing in the new millennium. No matter how many resources an organization has, if it does not leverage modern knowledge and science, its resources will remain stagnant and it will be practically unable to use them optimally. Acquiring knowledge and leveraging it can enhance the organization's growth and excellence, ultimately improving its competitive position. In other words, knowledge determines the efficient and effective utilization of other resources for the organization. In this way, the dominance of knowledge inertia causes the organization to cease acquiring new knowledge and learning, and instead rely on outdated versions and strategies to solve its issues and challenges. In other words, stagnation and intellectual inertia within the organization are increasing day by day. It should be noted that the organization is losing the ability to generate new and original ideas, as well as other methods and techniques to address recurring threats and ultimately predict competitors' actions. On the other hand, knowledge inertia poses a challenge by hindering the organization's ability to respond quickly, effectively, and efficiently to the opportunities created in the environment. This distortion affects the organization's agility and speed of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literary exposition of abulia in Pío Baroja's early novels, especially La lucha por la vida trilogy, illuminates the ways in which diagnostic language from psychopathology was adapted, assimilated, and disseminated through the trajectories of fictional characters who suffer from a loss of volition. This article analyzes cultural narratives about abulia in Baroja's early fiction, demonstrating that they constitute a resonant pathological metaphor during a period in Spain's history defined by national introspection and regenerationist debates. By tracing metaphorical explanations for social, political, and economic circumstances conveyed through the literary appropriation of medical terminology, this study explores comparisons between abulia and the gendered and class-based associations of neurasthenia at the turn of the twentieth century. Although the assumed causes of each condition are different, this process of transposition between medicine and metaphor anticipates the contemporary social, cultural, and ideological shaping of concepts such as stress and burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model is developed to investigate the combined effect of fluid cavitation and inertia on the fluid pressure buildup of parallel textured surfaces. The fluid cavitation is analyzed using the Rayleigh–Plesset model, and the fluid inertia is analyzed with an averaged method. The finite element method and Newton-downhill method are employed to solve the governing equations. The numerical model is validated by comparing the experimental and numerical results, and the combined effect of fluid cavitation and inertia on the fluid pressure buildup is analyzed and discussed. The research indicates that the cavitation weakens the fluid inertia effect on the pressure distribution at the inlet area of textures. The fluid inertia greatly enhances the hydrodynamic effect and effectively limits the excessive extension of the low-pressure zone caused by cavitation. The fluid cavitation and inertia, especially their interaction, significantly affect the fluid pressure buildup and generate a net load-carrying capacity (LCC). The numerical model with the fluid inertia and cavitation is more time saving than the commercial CFD tools in solutions, which gives a novel and optional HD foundation for developing a more efficient and accurate THD or TEHD model by numerical programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a constantly and rapidly changing global environment, one of the main priority tasks for every country is preserving, maintaining, and operating an independent and individually robust and stable energy system. This paper aims at researching electrical power systems' (EPSs) behavior during desynchronization from a synchronous area, its stability in islanded mode, and its synchronization. The analysis of EPS behavior was accomplished utilizing numerical simulations in a widely used programming/simulation package. The sudden tripping of the EPS into an isolated island mode with known generation and load values was simulated, analyzed, and discussed. We investigated the behavior of an isolated EPS in the case of the loss of a certain amount of active power, and determined the maximum power that must be available to ensure the reliable operation of the isolated EPS and the power reserve that must be maintained to prevent the EPS from triggering UFLS. The simulation of the synchronization of an isolated EPS with a synchronous area was accomplished and analyzed. The obtained results were applied to reveal the sequence of actions that will help an EPS to ensure and maintain the stable and reliable operation of electrical installations during desynchronization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two conventional experimental procedures for determination of the water permeability of saturated porous medium are the constant and the falling head permeability tests. The first one is more applicable on more permeable materials where the outflow from the sample is measured at variety of constant water heads, while the second one is more convenient for low permeable materials, utilizing the continuous measurements of the water head falling due to filtration through the saturated sample. However, neither of the two is useful for materials of high permeability and large cross‐sectional area. The constant head permeability test faces technical issues since a significant and continuous water discharge is required, while the falling head permeability test has limitations due to neglection of the Forchheimer's high‐velocity flow through the sample, but also the influence of inertia on the fluid mass. Here we proposed an approach for determination of the water permeability of saturated porous medium based on the agreement between the measured water level change in two connected reservoirs containing a porous sample and the new semi‐analytical expression describing that change by accounting for the mentioned theoretical deficiencies. This efficient approach has been tested on four pervious paver samples, and results showed satisfactory agreement with the constant head permeability data. It has been also confirmed the proposed semi‐analytical solution is more accurate than the falling head permeability approach in case of highly pervious materials, while for low permeable materials it reduces to the conventional approach. Key Points: The constant and the falling head permeability tests are not useful for highly pervious porous samples of large sizesA new semi‐analytical model considering Forchheimer's high‐velocity flow through the sample and inertia of the fluid mass is proposed hereThis formula is applied on a new permeability test where water flows through a highly pervious sample located between two reservoirs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC microgrids are gaining more attention with the increased penetration of various DC sources such as solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, batteries, etc., and DC loads. Due to the rapid integration of these components into the existing power system, the importance of DC microgrids has reached a salient point. Compared with conventional AC systems, DC systems are free from synchronization issues, reactive power control, frequency control, etc., and are more reliable and efficient. However, many challenges need to be addressed for utilizing DC power to its full potential. The absence of natural current zero is a significant issue in protecting DC systems. In addition, the stability of the DC microgrid, which relies on inertia, needs to be considered during system design. Moreover, power quality and communication issues are also significant challenges in DC microgrids. This paper presents a review of various value streams of DC microgrids including architectures, protection schemes, power quality, inertia, communication, and economic operation. In addition, comparisons between different microgrid configurations, the state-of-the-art projects of DC microgrid, and future trends are also set forth for further studies.