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The rise in sea levels due to climate change causes a decrease in the discharge capacity of sewer pipes and an increase in the risk of urban inundation due to the encroaching of outfall to the coast. Therefore, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate and predict the increasing degree of risk to properly respond to the risk of inundation that is aggravated by the effects of rising sea levels. In this study, two research areas were selected in consideration of the regional characteristics of the coastal area and the sea level rise scenarios. In the selected research areas, the performance of the sewer network was quantified through a reliability technique. Accordingly, the change in the Disaster Prevention Performance Target Rainfall according to the sea level rise was analyzed and reevaluated. The results showed that the target rainfall for disaster prevention performance by rainfall duration in Wando was 35.6% to 41.7% and in Sacheon, it was 36.7% to 67.5% under the influence of the approximate highest high water. This study presented a plan to adjust the target rainfall for disaster prevention performance, which should be raised in consideration of the sea level rise to meet the current target rainfall for disaster prevention performance. In response to the flood risk of coastal cities increasing due to rising sea levels, the results of this study are expected to serve as basic data to establish disaster reduction strategies for coastal cities.

When rainfall and earthquake occur simultaneously, large-scale landslides can cause direct damage to lives and structures. To reduce such large-scale landslide damage, rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility has to be evaluated. Therefore, in this study, landslide susceptibility was evaluated by considering only rainfall, only earthquake, and both rainfall and earthquake in the Atsuma region of Japan, where a large-scale landslide was triggered by a combination of rainfall and earthquake. Through quantitative index analysis, the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility map was improved when both rainfall and earthquake were considered. The proposed method was also applied to the Naari basin in Yangnam-myeon, Gyeongju as a pilot district. We found that the landslide-susceptible area increased when rainfall and earthquake were considered simultaneously than when rainfall and earthquake were considered separately. Through such research, can be used as basic data for complex disaster vulnerability assessment.

Determine whether the twice daily (BID) regimen is superior to the once daily (QD) regimen for managing glycemic variability by comparing the effects of anagliptin 100 mg BID versus sitagliptin 100 mg QD.A double-blinded, randomized, multicenter study was performed in 89 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone (6.5%HbA1c 8.5%). Subjects were randomly assigned to anagliptin 100 mg BID or sitagliptin 100 mg QD in a 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to measure the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and postprandial time in range (TIR) before and after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment to compare glycemic variability.The decrease from baseline in MAGE at 12 weeks after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment was significantly greater in the anagliptin BID group than in the sitagliptin QD group (p0.05); -30.4 ± 25.6 mg/dL (p0.001) in the anagliptin group versus -9.5 ± 38.0 mg/dL (p=0.215) in the sitagliptin group. The TIR after dinner increased by 33.0 ± 22.0% (p0.001) in the anagliptin group and by 14.6 ± 28.2% (p=0.014) in the sitagliptin group, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the changes in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).The anagliptin BID regimen for the treatment of type 2 diabetes was superior in blood glucose control after dinner to improve glycemic variability, as indicated by MAGE and TIR but equivalent to the QD regimen in terms of HbA1c and FPG. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been associated with various safety concerns including weight gain, bladder cancer, and congestive heart failure (CHF). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a novel TZD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real practice.Methods: In this non-interventional, multi-center, retrospective, and observational study conducted at 15 tertiary or secondary referral hospitals in Korea, a total of 2,228 patients with T2DM who received lobeglitazone 0.5 mg for more than 1 year were enrolled.Results: Overall adverse events (AEs) occurred in 381 patients (17.10%) including edema in 1.97% (n=44). Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were identified in 0.81% (n=18) and 0.81% (n=18), respectively. One case of CHF was reported as an AE. Edema occurred in 1.97% (n=44) of patients. Hypoglycemia occurred in 2.47% (n=55) of patients. Fracture occurred in 1.17% (n=26) of all patients. Lobeglitazone significantly decreased HbA1c level, resulting in a mean treatment difference of -1.05%± 1.35% (P

Musculoskeletal conditions are common in patients with diabetes. Several musculoskeletal disorders are viewed as chronic complications of diabetes because epidemiological studies have revealed high correlations between such complications and diabetes, but the pathophysiological links with diabetes remains unclear. Genetic predispositions, shared risk factors, microvascular impairments, progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, and diabetic neuropathy may underlie the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal complications of diabetics have received less attention than life-threatening microvascular or macrovascular complications. Here, we review several diabetic musculoskeletal complications with a focus on the clinical importance of early recognition and management, which would improve quality of life and physical function.

It has been hypothesized that lipid profiles are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), but previous results have been controversial. In this study, serum triglycerides showed a significant inverse association with BMD, and the relationship is thought to correlate with vitamin D status among older adults.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profiles and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).We enrolled men older than 50 years and postmenopausal women who participated in the KNHANES 2008-2011. Subjects with liver cirrhosis, thyroid disease, or renal dysfunction and those receiving treatment for hyperlipidemia or osteoporosis were excluded.A total of 4323 subjects (2286 men and 2037 women) was analyzed. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 8.7% in men older than 50 years and 38.4% in postmenopausal women. Osteopenia and osteoporosis groups were generally older and tended to have a lower body mass index compared to the normal group (p for trend 0.001). The correlation between each lipid profile and BMD was analyzed in the linear model adjusted for age and body mass index. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a negative correlation with BMD in the total population, but there was no significant correlation when analyzed separately for men and women. Triglycerides had a negative association with whole-body BMD in both men and women (p 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of logarithmic triglyceride level for osteoporosis was 2.50 (95% confidence interval 1.13-5.51) in women older than 65 years.Serum triglycerides showed a significant inverse association with BMD, and the relationship is thought to correlate with vitamin D status among older adults.

Invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections are increasing among adults with underlying health conditions; however, clinical manifestations and serotype distribution remain unclear. This study investigated the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of invasive GBS in Korean adults. GBS isolates from patients with invasive diseases during 2006-2015 were investigated for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes. Among the 74 isolates analyzed, the most common serotype was Ib (31.1%), followed by III (21.6%), V (20.3%), Ia (12.2%), and VI (12.2%). Thirteen STs were detected, with ST1, ST10, ST19, and ST23 as the most prevalent. The dominant capsular serotype exhibited by ST1 was V, and those expressed by ST10, ST19, and ST23 were Ib, III, and Ia, respectively. Erythromycin and levofloxacin resistance were observed in 33.8% and 31.1% of the isolates, respectively. ST10-Ib (n = 11/11, 100%) and ST654-Ib (n = 3/3, 100%) were dominant levofloxacin-resistant strains. Serotypes Ib, III, and V were most common among adults, which is inconsistent with recent reports in Korea where III, V, and Ia were predominant in infants. The difference in the serotype distribution between adults and children may be associated with the selective pressure imparted by antibiotics.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the child sexual behavior inventory (CSBI) for children under 10 years of age. Participants comprised a community sample (CS) of 652 children aged three to nine years and 226 sexually abused (SA) children in the same age range. Parents rated the CSBI, the child behavior checklist (CBCL), and the traumatic symptom checklist for young children (TSCYC). We examined internal consistency as a measure of reliability and conducted ANOVA for discriminant and Pearson's correlations for convergent and divergent validity. The reliability coefficient indicated internal consistency (α = .59-.97). There was a significant correlation between sexual behaviors and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in both samples (r = 0.30-0.48, p .001). The correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and sexual concern in the SA sample was very high (r = 0.56-0.66, p .001). There was a significant difference in sexual behavior between the CS and SA. These findings demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the CSBI and its usefulness in identifying children suspected of sexual abuse. However, the research identified cultural differences in the sexual behavior of the CS.

Two new species of Peucedanum (Apiaceae), P. miroense and P. tongkangense, from Gangwon Province, South Korea, are described. Both species are most similar to P. elegans and P. hakuunense because of their linear ultimate leaf segments. Peucedanum miroense was found on crevices of rocks in mountain summits and can be distinguished by its pubescent ovary, purple anthers, oblong schizocarp, and 1 or (2) vittae per vallecula and 4 on the commissural face. Peucedanum tongkangense was found in open areas on rocky cliffs along the Donggang River and can be distinguished by its glabrous ovary, whitish-yellow anthers, narrowly ellipsoid schizocarp, and 3 vittae per vallecula and 4 on the commissural face. Distinguishing characteristics, full descriptions, illustrations, photographs, taxonomic notes on geographical distribution, ecology, and phenology of the two species are presented. An identification key for all Korean species of Peucedanum is also provided. In addition, the mericarp surface of two new species and their close relatives are compared using micromorphological analysis.

Mosla dadoensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the southern islands of South Korea, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to M. chinensis, but is distinguished from the latter by having two types of hairs on its stems, wider leaf blades, longer corolla length, and ellipsoid nutlets with a narrowly U-shaped extended area of abscission scar. Mosla dadoensis is also distinguished from the Chinese narrow endemic M. hangchouensis by having an included pistil to the corolla, smaller ellipsoid nutlets, and later flowering and fruiting season. Phylogenetic analyses, based on two nuclear ribosomal (ETS, ITS) and three chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnL-F) DNA regions, confirmed that the new species was constructed as monophyletic, and that M. dadoensis and M. hangchouensis form a sister group with robust support. We hereby provide a detailed morphological description of M. dadoensis with its corresponding geographical distributions, and comparison tables of related taxa.

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