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Phylogenetics has been advanced as a structural framework to infer evolving trends in the regional spread of HIV-1 and guide public health interventions. In Quebec, molecular network analyses tracked HIV transmission dynamics from 2002-2020 using MEGA10-Neighbour-joining, HIV-TRACE, and MicrobeTrace methodologies. Phylogenetics revealed three patterns of viral spread among Men having Sex with Men (MSM, n = 5024) and heterosexuals (HET, n = 1345) harbouring subtype B epidemics as well as B and non-B subtype epidemics (n = 1848) introduced through migration. Notably, half of new subtype B infections amongst MSM and HET segregating as solitary transmissions or small cluster networks (2-5 members) declined by 70% from 2006-2020, concomitant to advances in treatment-as-prevention. Nonetheless, subtype B epidemic control amongst MSM was thwarted by the ongoing genesis and expansion of super-spreader large cluster variants leading to micro-epidemics, averaging 49 members/cluster at the end of 2020. The growth of large clusters was related to forward transmission cascades of untreated early-stage infections, younger at-risk populations, more transmissible/replicative-competent strains, and changing demographics. Subtype B and non-B subtype infections introduced through recent migration now surpass the domestic epidemic amongst MSM. Phylodynamics can assist in predicting and responding to active, recurrent, and newly emergent large cluster networks, as well as the cryptic spread of HIV introduced through migration.

This article aims at presenting some issues related to translating culturemes. The first part deals with defining key concepts such as culture, cultureme, and their relation to language and translation. A few examples of difficulties in translating culture-bound words will be presented in the second part of the paper

Background. Sinus floor elevation is considered a safe procedure to properly augment the height of the edentulous crest. Often, complications may arise due to multiple causes and can lead to a poor outcome of the graft and implant’s osseointegration. A careful surgical approach, a good knowledge of possible obstacles, and careful treatment planning can reduce the risks of complications, as well as their impact on the surgical outcome. This study aims to make a literature review of 40 articles, analyzing the incidence and type of complications related to maxillary sinus graft surgeries and graft materials. Material and methods. A total of 40 articles published between 2015 and 2021 were selected for a systematic literature review on maxillary sinus floor complications. The studies were selected from 2 different internet databases: PubMed and Science Direct. The sinus lift complications were counted and their incidence was organized upon the surgical technique and the timing of occurrence (intraoperative, postoperative). It was also analyzed if the graft material influences the complication rate. Results. In a group of 1757 sinus augmentation surgeries performed on 1605 patients, 363 complications were found. Sinus membrane perforation occurred in 242 cases, 29 procedures resulted in partial or total graft loss, there were 26 postoperative cases of sinusitis, 24 sinus infections, 16 wound dehiscence, 6 bleeding complications, 5 lost implants, and 2 oro-antral fistulas. Conclusion. Sinus lift complications are sometimes inherent circumstances of the procedures, but they can also be prevented through an accurate technique and preoperative plan. The type of bone graft does not influence the incidence of surgical complications.

This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and synergistic potential of essential oils derived from Romanian lavender. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that linalool is the main compound in all lavender essential oils, with concentrations ranging from 29.410% to 35.769%. Linalyl acetate was found in similar concentrations to linalool. Other significant compounds included 1,8-cineole (8.50%), lavandulyl acetate (5.38%), trans-β-ocimene (6.90%), and camphor (7.7%). A 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess antioxidant capacity, with substantial free-radical-scavenging activity shown in the IC50 values determined. The antibacterial efficacy of the oils was higher against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with variations in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the extent of inhibition, and evolution patterns. The study also explored the oils’ ability to enhance the efficacy of ampicillin, revealing synergistic interactions expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration indices. In silico protein–ligand docking studies used twenty-one compounds identified by GC-MS with bacterial protein targets, showing notable binding interactions with SasG (−6.3 kcal/mol to −4.6 kcal/mol) and KAS III (−6.2 kcal/mol to −4.9 kcal/mol). Overall, the results indicate that Romanian lavender essential oils possess potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and their synergistic interaction with ampicillin has potential for enhancing antibiotic therapies.

The modern energy landscape is undergoing a significant transformation towards cleaner, decentralized energy sources. This change is driven by environmental and sustainability needs, causing traditional centralized electric grids, which rely heavily on fossil fuels, to be replaced by a diverse range of decentralized distributed energy resources. Virtual power plants (VPPs) have surfaced as a flexible solution in this transition. A VPP’s primary role is to optimize energy production, storage, and distribution by coordinating output from various connected sources. Relying on advanced communication and control systems, a VPP can balance supply and demand in real time, offer ancillary services, and support grid stability. However, aligning VPPs’ economic and operational practices with broader environmental goals and policies is a challenging yet crucial aspect. This article introduces a new VPP management and optimization algorithm designed for quick and intelligent decision-making, aiming for the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE), minimum grid technical losses, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The algorithm’s effectiveness is confirmed using the IEEE 33-bus grid with 10 different distributed power generators. Simulation results show the algorithm’s responsiveness to complex variables found in practical scenarios, finding the optimal combination of available energy resources. This minimizes the LCOE, technical losses, and GHG emissions in less than 0.08 s, achieving a total LCOE reduction of 16% from the baseline. This work contributes to the development of intelligent energy management systems, aiding the transition towards a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading is a new financial mechanism that can be adopted to incentivize the development of distributed energy resources (DERs), by promoting the selling of excess energy to other peers on the network at a negotiated rate. Current incentive programs, such as net metering (NEM) and Feed-in-Tariff (FiT), operate according to a centralized policy framework, where energy is only traded with the utility, the state-owned grid authority, the service provider, or the power generation/distribution company, who also have the upper hand in deciding on the rates for buying the excess energy. This study presents a comparative analysis of three energy trading mechanisms, P2P energy trading, NEM, and FiT, within a rural microgrid consisting of two prosumers and four consumers. The microgrid serves as a practical testbed for evaluating the economic impacts of these mechanisms, through simulations considering various factors such as energy demand, production variability, and energy rates, and using key metrics such as economic savings, annual energy bill, and wasted excess energy. Results indicate that while net metering and FiT offer stable financial returns for prosumers, P2P trading demonstrates superior flexibility and potentially higher economic benefits for both prosumers and consumers by aligning energy trading with real-time market conditions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to optimize rural energy systems through innovative trading mechanisms.

In the global fight against malaria, standard vector control methods such as indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are intended to protect inside residential structures and sleeping spaces. However, these methods can still leave individuals vulnerable to residual transmission from vectors that they may be exposed to outdoors. Nchelenge District in northern Zambia experiences persistently high malaria transmission even with ITNs and IRS in place. However, very few studies have examined outdoor vector activity. To assess the diversity and abundance of outdoor foraging female anopheline mosquitoes, CDC light traps were used as proxy measures for mosquito host-seeking, set in three outdoor trapping schemes randomly assigned on different nights: (1) locations where people congregate at night outside of the house within the peri-domestic space, (2) animal pens or shelters, and (3) high-human-traffic areas, such as paths to latrines, where traps were baited with BG-Lure®. A total of 1087 total female anophelines were collected over a total of 74 trap nights. Anopheles funestus s.s. comprised the majority of the collection (86%), with An. gambiae s.s. (2%) and a highly diverse sampling of other anophelines (12%) making up the remainder. Plasmodium falciparum parasites were only detected in An. funestus (1%). No significant difference in species diversity or female anopheline abundance was detected between trapping schemes. Outdoor foraging anopheline mosquitoes, including a number of infectious An. funestus, may partially explain the difficulty of controlling malaria transmission in Nchelenge District, where vector control is only targeted indoors. BG-Lure® shows some promise as an alternative to human-baited landing catch collections in this resource-poor setting.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate from a nutritional, phytochemical, and rheological point of view different varieties/lines of oats cultivated in Romania. In this sense, the proximate composition (proteins, lipids, mineral substances, starch, and carbohydrates), the total polyphenols content (TPC) of individual polyphenols and macro and microelements of 20 oat varieties/lines were determined. In order to evaluate the potential for use in the flour industry (pasta, bread, and biscuits)., a variety of oats with optimal nutritional properties and active principles was used to obtain oat/wheat composite flours in different proportions (10–30% oat flour) and subjected to rheological analysis using the Chopin Mixolab test (Chopin Technologies, Paris, France) The results showed a protein content between 14.36–17.08%, lipid content between 6.01–9.03%, starch between 44.13–52.95%, total mineral substances between 0.93–1.65%, carbohydrates between 65.16–69.32% and energy value between 389.81–409.86 kcal/100 g. The TPC content varied between 614.76–1244.58 µgGAE/g, and the average values of individual polyphenols were between 1.87 μg/g (rosmarinic acid) and 28.18 μg/g (gallic acid). Regarding the macroelements content, potassium (K) was the major element (203.19 μg/g), followed by calcium (Ca) (181.71 μg/g) and magnesium (Mg) (105.79 μg/g). The level of microelements varied between 3.02 μg/g for nickel (Ni) and 60.25 μg/g for iron (Fe). Multivariate data analysis PCA was used to correlate the obtained data. The rheological analysis using the MIXOLAB system proved that, from the point of view of technological properties, composite flours from a mixture of 10–30% oat and wheat flour are the best for obtaining biscuit dough, compared to pasta or pan bread. Following the study and based on nutritional, phytochemical and rheological results, line 2511 was selected as optimal for use in obtaining hypoglycemic flour foods for people with diabetes.

The increasing concerns about CO2 emissions and climate change have pointed out the urgency of promoting sustainability in the building sector. One promising solution to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings and diminish environmental impact is the integration of phase-change materials (PCMs) into ventilated façade systems. This review article critically examines the current state of research on this innovative approach, with a particular focus on fire safety considerations. The paper explores the integration of PCM into ventilated façades, highlighting the potential for significant improvements in energy consumption, thermal comfort, and reductions in CO2 emissions. However, the flammability of PCMs introduces substantial fire safety challenges that must be addressed to ensure the safe application of this solution. The fire safety of both ventilated façades and PCMs is approached, followed by specific fire safety concerns when PCMs are integrated into ventilated façade systems. The conclusion states that while the integration of PCMs into ventilated façades offers substantial environmental benefits, attention to fire safety is essential. This necessitates the implementation of rigorous fire protection measures during the design and construction phases. By addressing both the environmental advantages and fire safety challenges, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of PCM-integrated ventilated façades, offering valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers in the field of sustainable buildings.

Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life of numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors and immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in the development of obesity and represents a central point for the activity of cellular and humoral components in the adipose tissue. Macrophages play a key role as the main cellular component of the adipose tissue regulating the chronic inflammation and modulating the secretion and differentiation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation also involves a series of signaling pathways that might represent the focus for new therapies and interventions. Weight loss is essential in decreasing cardiometabolic risks and the degree of associated inflammation; however, the latter can persist for long after the excess weight is lost, and can involve changes in macrophage phenotypes that can ensure the metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the adipose tissue and the interplay between obesity and chronic inflammation can lead to a better understanding of the development of comorbidities and may ensure future targets for the treatment of obesity.

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) presents both opportunities and challenges for the electrical grid. While EVs offer a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, their uncoordinated charging behavior can strain grid infrastructure, thus creating new challenges for grid operators and EV owners equally. The uncoordinated nature of electric vehicle charging may lead to the emergence of new peak loads. Grid operators typically plan for peak demand periods and deploy resources accordingly to ensure grid stability. Uncoordinated EV charging can introduce unpredictability and variability into peak load patterns, making it more challenging for operators to manage peak loads effectively. This paper examines the implications of uncoordinated EV charging on the electric grid to address this challenge and proposes a novel dynamic optimization algorithm tailored to manage EV charging schedules efficiently, mitigating grid power peaks while ensuring user satisfaction and vehicle charging requirements. The proposed “Proof of Need” (PoN) charging algorithm aims to schedule the charging of EVs based on collected data such as the state of charge (SoC) of the EV’s battery, the charger power, the number of connected vehicles per household, the end-user’s preferences, and the local distribution substation’s capacity. The PoN algorithm calculates a priority index for each EV and coordinates the charging of all connected EVs at all times in a way that does not exceed the maximum allocated power capacity. The algorithm was tested under different scenarios, and the results offer a comparison of the charging power demand between an uncoordinated EV charging baseline scenario and the proposed coordinated charging model, proving the efficiency of our proposed algorithm, thus reducing the charging demand by 40.8% with no impact on the overall total charging time.

Background: HIV drug resistance (HIV-DR) may jeopardize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in treatment and prevention. This study utilized viral phylogenetics to resolve the influence of transmission networks on sustaining the spread of HIV-DR in Quebec spanning 2002 to 2022. Methods: Time trends in acquired (ADR) and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) were delineated in treatment-experienced (n = 3500) and ART-naïve persons (n = 6011) with subtype B infections. Similarly, non-B-subtype HIV-DR networks were assessed pre- (n = 1577) and post-ART experience (n = 488). Risks of acquisition of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were related to clustering using 1, 2–5, vs. 6+ members per cluster as categorical variables. Results: Despite steady declines in treatment failure and ADR since 2007, rates of TDR among newly infected, ART-naive persons remained at 14% spanning the 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2022 periods. Notably, half of new infections among men having sex with men and heterosexual groups were linked in large, clustered networks having a median of 35 (14–73 IQR) and 16 (9–26 IQR) members per cluster, respectively. Cluster membership and size were implicated in forward transmission of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI RAMs (9%) and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) (5%). In contrast, transmission of M184V, K65R, and integrase inhibitors (1–2%) remained rare. Levels of TDR reflected viral replicative fitness. The median baseline viremia in ART-naïve groups having no RAMs, NNRTI RAMs, TAMs, and M184VI were 46.088, 38,447, 20,330, and 6811 copies/mL, respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Phylogenetics emphasize the need to prioritize ART and pre-exposure prophylaxis strategies to avert the expansion of transmission cascades of HIV-DR.

The paper concerns the technology of the design, realization, and testing of a flexible smart wing in a wind tunnel equipped with a turbulence generator. The system of smart wing, described in detail, consists mainly of: a physical model of the wing with an aileron; an electric servomotor of broadband with a connecting rod-crank mechanism for converting the rectilinear motion of the servoactuator into the aileron deflection; two transducers: an encoder for measuring the deflection of the control aileron and an accelerometer mounted on the wing to measure its bending and torsional vibrations; a procedure for determining the mathematical model of the wing by experimental identification; a turbulence generator in the wind tunnel; implemented ℋ∞ and LQG algorithms for active control of vibrations. The attenuation experimentally obtained for the aeroelastic vibrations of the wing, but also for those accentuated by the turbulence, reaches values of up to 50%.

Thermal comfort is very important for the well-being and safety of vehicle occupants, as discomfort can elevate stress, leading to distracted attention and slower reaction times. This creates a riskier driving environment. Addressing this, high-induction air diffusers emerge as a significant innovation, enhancing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) by efficiently mixing cool air from the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system with the cabin’s ambient air. This process ensures uniform airflow, diminishes temperature discrepancies, prevents draft sensations, and boosts overall air quality by improving air circulation. In addition to enhancing thermal comfort in vehicles, the novel air diffuser also offers significant potential for personalized ventilation systems, allowing for individualized control over airflow and temperature, thereby catering to the specific comfort needs of each occupant. This study introduces a novel air diffuser that demonstrates a 48% improvement in air entrainment compared to traditional diffusers, verified through Ansys Fluent simulations and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements. At a fresh airflow rate of 31.79 m3/h, the total air entrainment rate at 0.6 m for the standard air diffuser is 73.36 m3/h, while for the innovative air diffuser, it is 109.26 m3/h. This solution has the potential to increase the level of thermal comfort and air quality within vehicles, and also signals potential applications across various enclosed spaces, underscoring its importance in advancing automotive safety and environmental standards.

This article introduces a novel multiple-cycle generation system for efficient heat recovery at high and low temperatures. The system is modeled and optimized using the M2EP analysis method (mass, energy, exergy, and performance) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The multigeneration system produces electricity, cold, domestic hot water, and biogas by utilizing Kalina cycles, diffusion–absorption refrigeration machines, and high-performance heat exchangers by harnessing waste heat from cement kiln exhaust gases. The Kalina cycle is employed for electricity generation, wherein the H2O+NH3 mixture, heated by hot water, circulates through heat exchangers. Downstream of the Kalina cycle, the refrigeration machine generates cold by evaporating the strong solution of the H2O+NH3 mixture. Hydrogen circulates in the diffusion–absorption refrigerator (DAR) circuit, facilitating the exchange between the evaporator and the absorber. The domestic hot water and biogas production systems operate at lower temperatures (around 45 °C). The simulation results for the Kalina cycle indicate an electrical energy production of 2565.03 kW, with a release of usable energy (residual gases) estimated at 7368.20 kW and a thermal efficiency of 22.15%. Exergy destruction is highest at heat exchanger 1, accounting for 26% of the total. A coefficient of performance of 0.268 and an evaporator temperature of 10.57 °C were obtained for the DAR cycle. The absorber contributes the most to energy exchanges, comprising 37% of the entire circuit. Summarizing the potential for valorizing waste heat from cement kilns, this article lays the foundation for future research.

ABSTRACTThe paper explores and documents the Eocene limestones from the Albeşti village (Argeş County, Romania) in terms of the relationship between geology, geoheritage and cultural heritage. Known as the Albeşti Limestone/Stone, this rock, extracted from small quarries, has been used for centuries in the construction of an impressive number of public buildings, monuments, houses, etc. Nowadays, many of them are on the List of the Historical Monuments of Romania; one is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site (Horezu Monastery, Vâlcea County). The findings of this research are synthesized and presented in several maps resulted from integration of published and unpublished data with our field survey. The study emphasis the Albeşti Limestone both as an important geoheritage (the Albeşti Nummulitic Limestone Nature Reserve, established in 1954) and a significant heritage stone of national interest that could have a substantial role in heritage preservation, geoeducation, and geotourism development.

Many investigations have discovered a connection between statins and magnesium supplements. On one hand, increasing research suggests that chronic hypomagnesemia may be an important factor in the etiology of some metabolic illnesses, including obesity and overweight, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alterations in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Chronic metabolic problems seem to be prevented by a high Mg intake combined with diet and/or supplements. On the other hand, it is known that statins lower the frequency of cardiac events, stroke, and mortality, not by lowering LDL-C, but by the capacity to reduce mevalonate formation. That will enhance endothelial function, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and encourage macrophages to promote plaque stability and regression while reducing inflammation. Taking these factors into consideration, we did an extensive analysis of the relevant literature, comparing the effects of Mg2 and statin medications on lipoproteins and, implicitly, on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

This paper aims to increase the level of awareness regarding the risk of using counterfeit parts in the aerospace industry. Manufacturing and selling counterfeit parts is a challenge that almost every business faces and that has an impact on retailers, distributors, and producers. Contrary to other businesses, counterfeiting could be fatal in the aerospace, defense, and automotive sectors. The risk of receiving counterfeit parts or assemblies with counterfeit parts will vary depending on the organization’s role and position within the supply chain. The risk increases with the number of supply chain intermediaries (such as sub-tiers, distributors, customers, services, etc.) that incorporate parts into products or assemblies.

Abstract Background Quantitative image analysis based on radiomic feature extraction is an emerging field for survival prediction in oncological patients. 18F-Fluorethyltyrosine positron emission tomography (18F-FET PET) provides important diagnostic and grading information for brain tumors, but data on its use in survival prediction is scarce. In this study, we aim at investigating survival prediction based on multiple radiomic features in glioblastoma patients undergoing radio(chemo)therapy. Methods A dataset of 37 patients with glioblastoma (WHO grade 4) receiving radio(chemo)therapy was analyzed. Radiomic features were extracted from pre-treatment 18F-FET PET images, following intensity rebinning with a fixed bin width. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for variable selection, aiming at the identification of the most relevant features in survival prediction. Random forest classification and prediction algorithms were optimized on an initial set of 25 patients. Testing of the implemented algorithms was carried out in different scenarios, which included additional 12 patients whose images were acquired with a different scanner to check the reproducibility in prediction results. Results First order intensity variations and shape features were predominant in the selection of most important radiomic signatures for survival prediction in the available dataset. The major axis length of the 18F-FET-PET volume at tumor to background ratio (TBR) 1.4 and 1.6 correlated significantly with reduced probability of survival. Additional radiomic features were identified as potential survival predictors in the PTV region, showing 76% accuracy in independent testing for both classification and regression. Conclusions 18F-FET PET prior to radiation provides relevant information for survival prediction in glioblastoma patients. Based on our preliminary analysis, radiomic features in the PTV can be considered a robust dataset for survival prediction.

This article presents contractual requirements review as an element of a Quality Management System (SR EN 9100:2018 [1]), which requires the organization to conduct requirements reviews at various stages of the product realization lifecycle. Proper conduct of a review and management of requirements will enhance overall supply chain performance with regards to On-Time-On-Quality Delivery (OTOQD).

This narrative review summarizes the current evidence about the role that the fabrication and presence of dental prostheses and tooth-related factors have on the initiation and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. Tooth anatomic factors, such as root abnormalities and fractures, and tooth relationships in the dental arch and with the opposing dentition can enhance plaque retention. Tooth-supported and/or tooth-retained restorations and their design, fabrication, delivery, and materials have often been associated with plaque retention and loss of attachment. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur to dental materials. Placement of restoration margins within the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue attachment can be associated with gingival inflammation and, potentially, recession. Restoration margins located within the gingival sulcus do not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance. The presence of fixed prostheses finish lines within the gingival sulcus or the wearing of partial, removable dental prostheses does not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance.

Cette étude de propose de présenter quelques difficultés liées à l’inclusion des outils de traduction automatique et traduction assistée par ordinateur dans le parcours de formation de futurs traducteurs. Dans un premier temps, une courte synthèse des considérations théoriques autour des concepts de traduction, traductologie et compétence traductologique sera faite l’accent étant mis sur leur évolution au fil du temps. Dans un deuxième temps, nous essayerons de souligner le rôle de la technologie dans l’activité professionnelles du traducteur mais aussi dans la formation de la compétence traductionnelle.

A screening and a morphological analysis of mucin-producing cells and structures, from the digestive tract, in rats, will further allow to quantify their local and systemic response. 10 Wistar rats were selected for this study. Sections of the sublingual gland, Weber's gland, stomach, jejunum and colon were taken. The samples were stained by the Trichrome Goldner technique. Based on the histological examination, both morphometric and statistical analysis were performed using specific software’s (ToupView Soft and GraphPad Prism Software). The histological examination showed normal characteristics for the analyzed cells and structures. The test for the normal distribution of the data revealed that they are normally distributed and statistical comparison between cell surfaces suggested a significant difference between means with p˂0.0001. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between the areas of Weber gland acini and those of sublingual gland acini (p

La Guerra Fría motivó que el campo cultural internacional replicara las tensiones y afinidades geopolíticas que atenazaban al mundo. La faz positiva de este proceso contribuyó a que se expandieran literaturas nacionales en entornos donde tradicionalmente no habían encontrado gran resonancia. Sin embargo, los efectos perversos se tradujeron en exclusiones varias y en imposiciones dogmáticas que atentaron contra la autonomía de los escritores. La literatura latinoamericana experimentó, en este contexto, un proceso de mundialización. Para atestiguar las complejidades inherentes a la recepción de esta literatura en la Rumania socialista, se analiza un notable conjunto de publicaciones periódicas especialmente de 1964 a 1971. La traducción, edición y la recepción física de los propios autores latinoamericanos se produjo según determinaciones estructurales cambiantes, que evidencian la evolución del propio campo político-cultural rumano, pero también gracias a porteros individuales que propiciaron el acercamiento al público rumano de la literatura latinoamericana.

Bee products are considered true wonders of nature, used since ancient times, and studied even today for their various biological activities. In this study, we hypothesise that Romanian bee products from different origins (micro apiary products, lyophilised forms, commercial) exhibit distinct chemical compositions, influencing their biological activities. An LC-MS analysis revealed varied polyphenolic content patterns, with cumaric acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and quercitine identified in significant amounts across all samples. Primary anti-inflammatory evaluation phases, including the inhibition of haemolysis values and protein denaturation, unveiled a range of protective effects on red blood cells (RBC) and blood proteins, contingent upon the sample concentration. Antimicrobial activity assessments against 12 ATCC strains and 6 pathogenic isolates demonstrated varying efficacy, with propolis samples showing low efficacy, royal jelly forms displaying moderate effectiveness, and apilarnin forms exhibiting good inhibitory activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the lyophilised form emerged as the most promising sample, yielding the best results across the biological activities assessed. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed to elucidate the inhibitory potential of compounds identified from these bee products by targeting putative bacterial and fungal proteins. Results from the docking analysis showed rosmarinic and rutin exhibited strong binding energies and interactions with the putative antimicrobial proteins of bacteria (−9.7 kcal/mol to −7.6 kcal/mol) and fungi (−9.5 kcal/mol to −8.1 kcal/mol). The findings in this study support the use of bee products for antimicrobial purposes in a biologically active and eco-friendly proportion while providing valuable insights into their mechanism of action.

In the face of depleting fossil energy and the imperative of sustainable development, there is a compelling drive towards advancing renewable energies. In this context, sustainable and predictable alternatives, like marine energy, gain prominence. Marine energy presents a cleaner option devoid of the adverse effects associated with fossil fuels, playing a crucial role in environmental sustainability by safeguarding coastlines against erosion. This study focuses on Astara Port in the Caspian Sea, exploring the utilization of wave energy converters (WECs). The originality of this study’s research lies in exploring WECs’ dual role in energy generation and coastal protection. Using MIKE21 software simulations, the impact of number, location, arrangement, and orientation of WECs across various scenarios was investigated, including two WEC number scenarios (11 and 13), three structural placement scenarios (north, front, and south of the port), two structural arrangement scenarios (linear and staggered), two port layout scenarios (original layout and modified layout), and two orientation scenarios for the structures (facing north-east, which is the dominant wave direction, and facing southeast). The results show a remarkable decrease in the significant wave height behind WECs, notably with 13 staggered devices facing dominant waves (from northeast), reducing the significant wave height Hs by 23–25%. This setup also shows the highest wave height reduction, notably 36.26% during a storm event. However, linear WEC setup offers more extensive coastline protection, covering 47.88% of the model boundary during storms. Furthermore, the 11 staggered WECs facing southeast (SE) arrangement had the lowest sediment accumulation at 0.0358 m over one year, showing effective sedimentation mitigation potential. Conversely, the 13 linear WECs facing northeast (NE) had the highest accumulation at 0.1231 m. Finally, the proposed port design redirects high-velocity flow away from the port entrance and removes rotatory flow, reducing sediment accumulation near the harbor entrance.

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unelucidated etiology. LP immunopathogenesis is mainly governed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediate an immune response in basal keratinocytes, which may transform into a reservoir of antigens able to initiate an autoimmune reaction. However, other pathogenic pathways complement these mechanisms. Recent studies highlight the involvement of nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Current data on its role in the pathogenesis of LP are scarce. Methods: In this article, we investigated nitrosative stress in 40 cutaneous LP (CLP) patients compared to 40 healthy subjects using serum markers including nitrosative stress markers—direct nitrite, total nitrite, nitrate and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, and analyzed the relationship between nitrosative stress, antioxidant defense, and inflammation to offer new insights into the role of the NO pathway in LP pathogenesis. Results: We identified significantly higher serum levels of direct nitrite, total nitrite, nitrate, SDMA and hsCRP, and significantly lower levels of TAS in CLP patients versus controls. There were significant negative correlations between the serum levels of TAS and significantl positive correlations between the serum levels of hsCRP and the analyzed nitrosative stress markers in patients with CLP. Conclusion: Our results indicate an increased level of nitrosative stress in LP patients that correlates with a pro-inflammatory status and altered antioxidant defense.

Technical losses in electrical grids are inherent inefficiencies induced by the transmission and distribution of electricity, resulting in energy losses that can reach up to 40% of the generated energy. These losses pose significant challenges to grid operators regarding energy sustainability, reliability, and economic viability. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) offer promising solutions to lower technical losses by decentralizing energy generation and consumption, reducing the need for long-distance transmission and optimizing grid operation. Hence, estimating the impact of DERs on grid technical losses becomes paramount for grid operators and planners. In response, this article proposes the application of regression modeling and nonlinear curve fitting algorithms to provide a more nuanced understanding and better characterize the intricate interplay between DER deployment and technical losses. Through a comprehensive case study based on more than 1080 computer simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed dynamic polynomial varying coefficient regression model in estimating the impact of DERs on technical losses within electrical grids. The proposed model offers a simple and effective methodology that allows grid operators to gain insights into the nonlinear dynamics of DER integration and make quicker and more informed decisions regarding grid management strategies, infrastructure investments, and policy interventions. Also, this research contributes to advancing the field of grid optimization by offering a simple equation that enhances our ability and haste to assess and mitigate technical losses in the context of an evolving energy landscape characterized by increasing DER adoption.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) involves deliberately causing harm to one’s body without the intention of suicide. As the numbers of adolescents presenting NSSI have been steadily increasing during the last years, we intended to investigate adolescent patients exhibiting NSSI, admitted to our clinic—a Romanian child psychiatry inpatient clinic, over the course of five years. A total of 100 adolescents (80 females, 20 males, mean age: 14.9 years) hospitalized for various neuropsychiatric disorders and engaging in self-harm were studied. The self-harm methods most frequently used in our sample were, for the female group: cutting (all), skin tearing (76%), scratching/pinching (72%), and for males: cutting (all), wound-healing hindrance (85%), striking objects (80%). The initial motivations for NSSI were represented by distress (females 89%, males 90%) and seeking pleasure (females 84%). In terms of the roles of NSSI, it was primarily used for emotional regulation (females 89%) and anger management (males 90%). This study highlights the prevalence of self-harm in hospitalized adolescents, differences in methods and motivations between genders, and the need for more targeted therapy interventions. By documenting trends, investigating underlying motivations and functions, and proposing hypotheses for further research, our findings offer valuable insights on adolescent NSSI and have the potential to increase awareness among various clinicians and specialists who interact with adolescents, thus addressing the escalating prevalence of self-harm behaviours among teenagers.

Escalating events such as extreme weather conditions, geopolitical incidents, acts of war, cyberattacks, and the intermittence of renewable energy resources pose substantial challenges to the functionality of global electric grids. Consequently, research on enhancing the resilience of electric grids has become increasingly crucial. Concurrently, the decentralization of electric grids, driven by a heightened integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the imperative for decarbonization, has brought about significant transformations in grid topologies. These changes can profoundly impact flexibility, operability, and reliability. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of DERs on the electric grid’s resilience, as well as a simple model to simulate the impact of any disturbance on the grid. Hence, to analyze the electric grid’s resilience, this study employs an extrapolation of Leontief’s input–output (IO) model, originally designed to study ripple effects in economic sectors. Nodes are treated as industries, and power transmission between nodes is considered as the relationship between industries. Our research compares operability changes in centralized, partially decentralized, and fully decentralized grids under identical fault conditions. Using grid inoperability as a key performance indicator (KPI), this study tests the three grid configurations under two fault scenarios. The results confirm the efficacy of decentralization in enhancing the resilience and security of electric grids.