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Content-centric networking (CCN) introduces a paradigm shift from a host centric to an information centric communication model for future Internet architectures. It supports the retrieval of a particular content regardless of the physical location of the content. Content caching and content delivery networks are the most popular approaches to deal with the inherent issues of content delivery on the Internet that are caused by its design. Moreover, intermittently connected mobile environments or disruptive networks present a significant challenge to CCN deployment. In this paper, we consider the possibility of using mobile users in improving the efficiency of content delivery. Mobile users are producing a significant fraction of the total Internet traffic, and modern mobile devices have enough storage to cache the downloaded content that may interest other mobile users for a short period too. We present an analytical model of the CCN framework that integrates a delay tolerant networking architecture into the native CCN, and we present large-scale simulation results. Caching on mobile devices can improve the content retrieval time by more than 50%, while the fraction of the requests that are delivered from other mobile devices can be more than 75% in many cases., IEEE Access Journal

The railway broadband mobile communication systems are required to be continuous, high capable, extremely reliable, and bidirectional [1–2]. Unlike wired channels, the radio channels between train and Infrastructure are random dynamic and unpredictable [3–4]. Thus, it is important to evaluate the performance for railway broadband mobile communication systems.

The peak rate of coming 5 G mobile services will be comparable to that of FTTH. In this paper, we will discuss integrated optical and wireless technologies, such as RoF, for efficient use of bandwidth of future mobile back/front-haul networks towards beyond 5G era.

This paper presents an advanced Security QoS provisioning module with vertical multi-homing and multi-streaming framework for 5G mobile terminals with radio network aggregation capability in next generation mobile and wireless broadband networks. The proposed mobile terminal framework is leading to high performance opportunities for multimedia services with high level of QoS provisioning and secure communications. It is using vertical multi-homing and multi-streaming features with IPSec encapsulations within the mobile equipments, which are able to handle simultaneously multiple radio network secure connections and speed up the transfer of the multimedia services by transmitting each object in a separate stream, achieving high level of QoS and security provisioning. Our proposed model is user-centric, targeted to always-on connectivity, maximal network throughput, with ability to provide various multimedia services with high level of security and confidentiality. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated though simulations and analysis with multimedia traffic in Next Generation Mobile broadband scenarios with coexistence of multiple heterogeneous radio access technologies, such as existing and future (5G) mobile broadband networks.

Radio access technologies for mobile broadband have evolved effectively to provide connectivity to billions of subscribers and things. Current Radio Access Network architecture is undergoing a transformation to increase deployment flexibility and network dynamicity, so that networks will be able to meet the performance requirements demanded by applications such as extreme mobile broadband and long-range massive machine type communication. Next generation 5G networks will cater for a wide range of new business opportunities, some of which have yet to be conceptualized. They will provide support for advanced mobile broadband services such as massive media distribution. Applications like remote operation of machinery, tele-surgery, and smart metering all require connectivity, but with vastly different characteristics. The ability to provide customized connectivity will benefit many industries around the world, enabling them to bring new products and services to market rapidly, and adapt to fast changing demands, all while continuing to offer and expand existing services. To prevent total cost of ownership from soaring, the 5G architecture will be software configurable and split between general purpose and specialized hardware, in a way that enables optimal placement of networks functions.

International audience; Today, mobile networks are witnessing an exponential growth of traffic volumes, linked to new services, especially for smart cities and smart-grid. The European Celtic-Plus SooGREEN project, started mid 2015, is targeting to reduce the energy consumption of the services in different mobile architectures in interaction with smart-grid. SooGREEN is focused on the services energy consumption modelling and measurement, the dynamic optimization of the mobile access network and of the content delivery, the design of an Energy Efficient Virtualized and Centralized Radio Access Network (RAN), and the bi-directional interaction of the mobile network with the smart-grid. This paper presents insight into the project after its first year, and discusses research trends in green communication networks for the future.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, 4G mobile communication technology began to gradually replace the status of 3G. The fourth generation mobile communication technology is not limited by time and region which can build a wireless network platform in any place and provide smooth network services. With the development of new mobile communication, 3G mobile communication cannot meet the needs of the community at this stage, thus the majority of developers have begun to explore and research 4G mobile communication system. The fourth generation mobile communication technology can not only provide a smooth Internet access environment, but also can carry out data tracking and positioning, data acquisition, remote control. In this paper, we analyze the development trend of 4G mobile communication, and put forward the security enhancement strategies.

Energy efficiency is a powerful measure for promoting sustainability in technological evolution and ensuring feasible battery life of mobile end-user devices. Peer-to-peer technology provides decentralized and self-organizing, but also energy-inefficient technology for distributing content between devices in networks that scale up almost infinitely. The dissertation [1] summarized in this paper makes four contributions towards enabling energy-aware peer-to-peer networking in mobile environments: 1) an empirical study for understanding the energy consumption characteristics of radio interfaces and typical composition of traffic in peer-to-peer networks, 2) a model for estimating the energy consumption of a mobile device with different traffic profiles, 3) a model for energy-aware load monitoring of mobile peer nodes, and 4) a mobile agent based virtual peers concept for energy-aware sharing of peer responsibilities between peer nodes in a subnet. The results give valuable insight into implementing energy-efficient peer-to-peer systems in mobile environments.

Mobile communications are today widespread and contribute to the development of our society. Every day new devices include some means of wireless transmission, which is becoming ubiquitous with the Internet of Things. These systems are standardized by international organizations such as the IEEE, 3GPP, and ETSI, among others. Even though knowledge of wireless standards is key to the understanding of these systems, wireless communications are quite often taught in engineering degrees in a traditional way, without much emphasis on the standardization. Moreover, strong focus is often placed on the theoretical performance analysis rather than on practical implementation aspects. In contrast, most of the current applications make extensive use of mobile data, and the global users' satisfaction is highly correlated with the mobile data throughput. Thus, modern wireless engineers need to have deep insight on the standards that define the mobile transmission systems, and this knowledge is not acquired following the traditional theoretical teaching schemes. In this article, a new learning approach is described. This novel paradigm is based on a new flexible hardware/software platform (FRAMED-SOFT), which is also detailed. Although the article is focused on two wireless standards, GSM and UMTS, the work discussed in this article can easily be extended to other standards of interest, such as LTE and beyond, WiFi, and WiMAX.

The opportunities offered by mobile technology continue to expand with the advances in wireless broadband. These days there are a lot of entrenched business solutions, upgraded for mobile devices, which likewise have direct use to services of the government services, work environment practices and involvement of stakeholders. Each advance has challenges. The usage of M-Government will bring several difficulties. Amid them, the most significant for M-Government is the inclusion of infrastructure advancement, protection of information, security, legitimate issues, mobile entrance rate, availability and compatibility. Mobile WiMAX technology is an innovative wireless technology intended to empower pervasive, rapid mobile Internet access to the vastest cluster of gadgets including notebook PCs, handsets, mobile phones and buyer electronics such as gaming gadgets, cameras, and more. Mobile WiMAX conveys cheap networks and it is the first of all Internet mobile IP solution empowering proficient and scalable networks for information, video and voice. This research concerns Mobile Government powered by Mobile WiMAX technology, which delivers the benefits for Mobile Government because of high capacity, reliability, security and all IP communications targeted for the specific environment of Iraq which pose specific challenges.

The widespread diffusion of mobile phones and the convergence of more and more services to the mobile devices allow the service providers to collect a huge corpus of information about the behaviour of the users (e.g., location and activity), “transforming” the cellular network into a highly distributed and pervasive sensor network. In this paper, we aim at demonstrating how, by using simple statistical tools, these data can be used to obtain information, often apparently unrelated to the mobile phone usage. To this aim, we have analysed the CDRs collected by Telecom Italia in December 2013 in Milan (Italy) and made available by the “Open Big Data” project, to infer information about the behaviour of foreign people in Milan. Such analysis clearly highlights the potential of applying big data analysis techniques to the mobile providers data.

With the wide adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) and specifically e-Health applications, the nature of mobile applications, the increased traffic and the increasing number of connected devices are changing the requirements of wireless mobile networking. Addressing such foreseen increase in number of connected mobile devices, our work proposes a new trend of on-demand mobile small-cells with caching capabilities for e-Health applications. The solution targets delay-tolerant monitoring e-Health applications, with optional ultra-low latency communications for emergencies. The proposed networking architecture supports user mobile devices acting as small-cells with caching capabilities, for later transmission, when efficient high data rate communication conditions exist. The solution supports immediate high data-rate low-latency transmission for emergency situations. The proposed system enhances the performance of cellular networks, by saving on valuable scarce bandwidth and radio resources, while decreasing interference. Self-organizing networking is used for the further optimization of the network performance. The paper discusses performance gains resulting from mobile small cell deployment.

In this paper, we discuss a new model for context-aware computing in 5G networks in the context of emergency services. Our intention is to present a new model for mobile services (mobile web applications) that effectively harnesses the power of 5G networks. The true power of 5G networks is to enable applications that were previously not possible. In our model, we create a mirror (duplicate copy) for mobile sensing data and allow server-side processing effectively use context information during the processing. As a result, we propose a cloud-based context-aware proxy targeting proximity related applications and services.

Long term evolution (LTE) is the last step towards the 4G of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of cellular networks. With the appearing of 4G LTE networks, there has been increasing interests and special attention is paid to the performance and power characteristics as compared with 3G networks. This paper provides detailed information about mobile wireless MIMO-LTE system. It is also presents a brief explanation of the characteristics, performance and state of art techniques used within mobile wireless MIMO-LTE system. There are several types of commercial digital signal processing (DSP) chips available in marks which can be used with MIMO- LTE system. Therefore, this work will be focuses on the applications of commercial DSPs in MIMO-LTE system and taking into consideration types and characteristics where can enables efficient baseband processing for 3G,4G and MIMO-LTE wireless system equipment with its scalable, highperformance architecture.

It is expected that by 2020, 5th generation mobile networks (5G mobile) services will perform 40x communication speed of the latest Long-Term Evolution — Advanced (LTE-A) services. With these trends, the memory bandwidth of high end smartphones will surpass 100GB/sec with 4x of the current one and Ethernet will enter the age of 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400GbE) with 4x of current 100GbE by 2020 respectively. Needless to say, data center servers must acquire data processing capacities capable of handling this huge volume of data. This paper focuses on the performance requirements in application fields that support the 5G era and the packaging technology roadmap that supports these applications.

As mobile devices and mobile applications largelygrow, mobile data traffic increases at an unprecedented rate. How to alleviate mobile traffic congestion becomes a widelydiscussed issue. Because that most mobile data is not necessarilyused immediately (e.x. update applications, download a largesize video, etc.), these data are allowed to complete transmissionbefore delay-tolerant deadline. In this paper, we propose residualsize-based mobile data offloading for file transmission on mobiledevices. Our method periodically checks the residual sizeof the file. According to the residual size and delay-tolerantdeadline, our method decides how to use cellular networkand WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) for file transmission. Besides, we also propose a cost function to investigatetrade-off between deadline and the fraction of the transferredsize using available WLAN. We compare our method withWifflers prediction-based offloading and On-the-spot offloading. The results show that, by the cost function, the trade-off isalways worth in our method compared to Wifflers predictionbasedoffloading and On-the-spot offloading. Our method is morelikely to guarantee file transmission completion before delay-tolerant deadline.

The fourth generation of mobile networks (4G) must overcome the new challenges that have emerged with the explosive growth in demand for mobile traffic and the Internet of Things. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator Mobile Networks) should plan for upgrading 4G to 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year for launching 5G. A techno-economic analysis and mathematic modeling approach was considered. Also, a new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The two major cost elements, Capital Expenditure and Operative Expenditure were compared with the revenue expected to be collected within the deployment period. The results show that 5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume gives an important margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G mmW system and Wi-Fi.

Today's Internet has witnessed an increase in the popularity of mobile video streaming, which is expected to exceed 3/4 of the global mobile data traffic by 2019. To satisfy the considerable amount of mobile video requests, video service providers have been pushing their content delivery infrastructure to edge networks--from regional CDN servers to peer CDN servers (e.g., smartrouters in users' homes)--to cache content and serve users with storage and network resources nearby. Among the edge network content caching paradigms, Wi-Fi access point caching and cellular base station caching have become two mainstream solutions. Thus, understanding the effectiveness and performance of these solutions for large-scale mobile video delivery is important. However, the characteristics and request patterns of mobile video streaming are unclear in practical wireless network. In this paper, we use real-world datasets containing 50 million trace items of nearly 2 million users viewing more than 0.3 million unique videos using mobile devices in a metropolis in China over 2 weeks, not only to understand the request patterns and user behaviors in mobile video streaming, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of Wi-Fi and cellular-based edge content caching solutions. To understand performance of edge content caching for mobile video streaming, we first present temporal and spatial video request patterns, and we analyze their impacts on caching performance using frequency-domain and entropy analysis approaches. We then study the behaviors of mobile video users, including their mobility and geographical migration behaviors. Using trace-driven experiments, we compare strategies for edge content caching including LRU and LFU, in terms of supporting mobile video requests. Moreover, we design an efficient caching strategy based on the measurement insights and experimentally evaluate its performance., 13 pages, 19 figures

Most recent development status of small-sized Ka-band mobile communications terminal is presented. The terminal is designed to operate at a minimum target speed of 5 Mbps to/from a Ka-band geostationary satellite, and will eventually be used for the purpose of research activity to explore marine resources within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Japan. The terminal is placed on Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV). Because the ASV is “unmanned” and is primarily controlled from a remote ground control station, several mechanisms are embedded into the design for safe and successful operations of the Ka-band terminal. Those key mechanisms are introduced in this paper as they make fault diagnosis easier and increase overall system reliability in case of primary communication channel failure.

We report the successful demonstration of IFoF based mobile fronthaul link with 5G mobile communication system prototype supporting giga-bit mobile service. The data-rate per each user achieves 1.5 Gb/s, which satisfies vision of IMT-2020.

Radio access network integrated with fiber-wireless-enabled multiple radio access technologies is envisioned for future heterogeneous wireless communications. Radio-over-fiber technology delivers wireless services with high capacity, high link speed, and low latency. Mobile backhaul, midhaul, and fronthaul as three fundamental methods supporting multiple radio access technologies are improved by fiber-wireless technologies and radio-over-fiber links to satisfy growing demands and provide highperformance coverages.

Mobile telephones began to be widespread in 2007. The moral status of mobile phones is double-edged. On the one hand, they are used and understood by peri-urban Murik people for culturally defined purposes. On the other, their use encourages the individuation of the subject as well as mistrust in and of modernity. Phones condense space and time, simultaneously integrating Murik society and estranging Murik voices from modernity as they do. The chapter assesses attitudes about and incidents during which mobile phones were used by peri-urban men.

Increasing amount of multimedia content is being delivered over heterogeneous networks to diverse user types, holding various devices, many of them mobile. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have already become both consumers and sources of multimedia content, but the delivery quality varies widely, especially due to their users’ mobility. In order to support increasing the quality of the multimedia content delivered to a growing number of mobile users, this paper introduces a mobile multi-source high quality multimedia delivery scheme (M3QD). M3QD supports efficient high quality multimedia content delivery to mobile users from multiple sources. Both simulations and prototyping-based perceptual tests show how increased user perceived video quality and improved mobility support is achieved when using M3QD in comparison with the case when a single source classic approach is employed. M3QD can be used in various scenarios involving multimedia content distribution between mobile users in leisure parks or around tourist attractions, content exchange between vehicles on urban roads and even information delivery in industrial applications, where content has to be shared between large number or diverse mobile users.

It is anticipated that the mobile data traffic will grow 1,000 times higher from 2010 to 2020 with a rate of roughly a factor of two per year [1]. This increasing demand for data in next-generation mobile broadband networks will lead to many challenges for system engineers and service providers. To address these issues and meet the stringent demands in coming years, innovative and practical solutions should be identified that are able to provide higher spectral efficiency, better performance, and broader coverage. Next generations of wireless cellular networks, which are known as fifth generation (5G) or beyond fourth generation (B4G) wireless networks, are expected to produce higher data rates for mobile subscribers in the order of tens of gigabits per second (Gbit/s) and support a wide range of services. Despite the absence of official standards for the 5G, the data rate of 1?Gbit/s per user anywhere for 5G mobile networks is expected to be deployed beyond 2020.

Wireless LAN devices are now everywhere because of the rapid spread of smart wireless devices. Demand for far richer content services is also driving the expansion of mobile traffic. Converging the cellular network with Wi-Fi is a reasonable way to support the increasing mobile traffic because most mobile user terminals already have Wi-Fi interfaces. More opportunities for Wi-Fi use require further enhancement of system capacity and manageability, especially in the high-density Wi-Fi network. This is because the chronic depletion of system resources is becoming a significant problem in the Wi-Fi network given the increases in Wi-Fi density and traffic. This article introduces a Wi- Fi data service platform coupled with cellular networks, which strengthens the synergy of two networks. Enhanced monitoring and performance prediction are essential to provide a highgrade user experience in high-density Wi-Fi environments.

Advances in radio access technologies and mobile terminals are fueling the growth of Internet traffic via mobile networks. The upcoming 5G era, with a new 5G radio technology and increased utilization of heterogeneous networking, will further accelerate mobile data usage. One of the pillars of mobile network architecture is IP mobility management, which is currently based on centralized data path management. In this article, we first describe the efficiency issues of the centralized approach. We then discuss multiple dimensions of distributing the mobility functions, and suggest how the mobile terminal can utilize them in orchestration for efficient communication over a 5G flat mobile network.

This paper aims to support quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning, particularly the guarantee for end-to-end data delivery delay, in mobile opportunistic networks. The QoS-aware delivery probability (QDP) is introduced to reflect the capability of a node to deliver data to a destination within a given delay budget. Each node maintains a set of QDPs to make autonomous decisions for QoS-aware data transmission. At the same time, a prioritized queue is employed by each mobile node. To support efficient prioritization and redundancy control, the priority is determined by a function of traffic class and data redundancy. The former is predetermined by the corresponding application, whereas the latter is dynamically estimated during data delivery. Two experiments are carried out to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed QoS-aware data delivery scheme. The first experiment involves multiple clusters of static Crossbow sensors that are connected by air and ground mobile nodes with controlled mobility. The second experiment is under a mobile social network setting, where 23 Dell Streak Android tablets are carried by volunteers with arbitrary and diverse mobility patterns over a period of two weeks. Moreover, simulation results are obtained under DieselNet trace and power-law mobility model to study scalability and performance trends. Our experiments and simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves efficient resource allocation according to the desired delay budget and, thus, supports effective QoS provisioning.

This paper discusses the bottlenecks affecting the quality of audio on mobile phones, despite their ubiquity and decades-long existence.

Mobile traffic is currently the most important traffic on the Internet, both domestically and internationally. This is predominantly attributable to widespread cloud computing-based services on mobile networks. Fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are expected to comfortably accommodate this type of traffic by supporting 1,000 times faster speeds than conventional 4G. However, commercial implementation of 5G mobile is targeted for the year 2020. Therefore, interim accommodation approaches are needed. In essence, 5G mobile networks are an evolution of 4G in which a licensed spectrum that generates revenue from user data transfer is being considered. Consequently, more cost-effective methods that utilize the unlicensed spectrum are also desired. Meanwhile, concomitant with pursuit of miniaturization and reduction in weight, the number and types of network interfaces in recent mobile devices are increasing. We propose a method for carrier aggregation of multiple heterogeneous wireless links based on software-defined networking (SDN) that controls traffic and manages the wireless interfaces of mobile devices effectively when multiple radio access technologies are available. Evaluations conducted of the proposed method on an experimental testbed developed using the OpenStack cloud computing platform with aggregated multiple radio access technology environments indicate that it is feasible and provides higher data rate.

With the advent of faster fourth-generation (4G) mobile broadband networks and the proliferation of a rich ecosystem of smartphone applications in the commercial domain, expectations and demand for much more sophisticated and high-bandwidth applications are also on the rise within professional users sectors, such as public safety, utilities, and transportation. In this context, this article analyzes the extension of the long-term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) business case to professional mobile radio users. To that end, an overview of the technical features that are expected to turn the LTE standard into a mission-critical-capable technology is first provided. Afterward, a number of potential service delivery models for private mobile broadband communications are identified, discussing the pros and cons of each value proposition.

With the development of the society and increasing demand of life and work, mobile communication technology is undergoing tremendous change and progress, with a wide range of new services coming up and the range and number of users expanding.In a great variety of mobile communication services, 4G mobile communication technology, as the mainstream of the next generation of mobile communication, features stable operation, high transmission rate, and wide coverage.Based on 4G mobile communication technology, this paper performs profound study of its key technologies and applications.

This paper focuses on spectrum sharing between International Mobile Telecommunication-Advanced (IMT-A) and other wireless communication services. An enhancement to a current coexistence model that has been widely used in the studies on spectrum sharing is achieved. This model can be used in the study on any preliminary spectrum sharing between a newly introduced wireless communication system when less information of it is available and the existing systems. However, the current coexistence model has three limitations. (i) This model considers only the transmitter as the interference source and does not consider the receiver blocking as a second source of interference. This can lead to inaccurate results. (ii) This model utilizes the minimum coupling loss, which considers only a single victim and a single transmitter. This will result in a very large separation distance as it reflects the worst-case scenario. (iii) Finally, this model in turn uses the free-space propagation model to represent the path loss, which is applicable only to idealized cases. By considering the abovementioned limitations, our study proposes an enchantment to the current model to achieve feasible results and thus increase the spectrum usage. For a co-channel sharing scenario, the separation distance achieved by the current model is 80,000 km, whereas that achieved by the enhanced model is 240 km. Similarly, the adjacent channel distance achieved by the current model is 3.5 km for a 12-MHz frequency separation, whereas both the systems can coexist in the mentioned frequency separation. This shows that the enhanced model will eventually obtain more realistic results and achieve practical findings for more reliable compatibility results between the IMT-A or any newly introduced communication system and other wireless communication services.

This paper analyzes substitution between access to fixed-line and mobile telephony in the European Union using cross-section panel data on households' choices of telecommunications technologies in years 2005-2010. We estimate a structural model of [email protected]?s demand for access to: (i) fixed-line only; (ii) mobile only; and (iii) both fixed-line and mobile. We find that growing Internet usage increases the share of 'fixed + mobile' households, which suggests that households keep their fixed-line connection to access Internet. However, the spread of 3G and cable broadband access decreases the share of 'fixed + mobile' households and increases the share of 'mobile only' households. Hence, fixed-to-mobile substitution was slowed down by the spread of Internet but it may continue with the spread of mobile broadband. Furthermore, bundling of telecommunications services increases the share of 'fixed + mobile' households and decreases the shares of 'mobile only' and 'fixed only' households. Therefore, operators which can bundle fixed-line connection with Internet or mobile services may slow down fixed-to-mobile substitution.

Mobile communication has gone through two generation of development, now the third generation mobile communication technology has been mature and widely used. Achieving the third generation mobile communication technology is intended to give users a better mobile voice call quality, faster mobile data speeds and more multimedia services, to attain large capacity and high spectral efficiency. W-CDMA, one of the three mainstream standard of international third generation mobile communication technology, is based on the foundation of GSM/GPRS and evolve. This paper describes the 3GPP core technology, which is based on W-CDMA, and using ADS to complete the simulation of W-CDMA/3GPP communication system.

Future wireless mobile broadband systems will address the demand of high data rate due to the explosive growth of mobile Internet traffic. Deploying a layer of dense small cells with low transmit power is an effective means to meet the data rate requirement. As one of the prospective solutions to future mobile broadband systems, TDD-based LTE-Hi aims to provide higher performance in hotspots and indoor environments by exploiting wider transmission bandwidth in higher frequency band(s) and being seamlessly integrated with conventional LTE macro-cells. This article outlines the main challenges faced by future wireless mobile broadband and presents the key technical enhancements for LTE-Hi.

Towards satisfying the requirements of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced, both the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE and Third Generation Partnership Project 3GPP introduced revolutionary wireless technologies, exploiting advanced technologies and architectures. Both IEEE's 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX and 3GPP's Long Term Evolution have been introduced to accommodate the increasing demand for mobile services and applications. To realize the true potential of these technologies, however, opportunistic frameworks for radio resource management must be designed to exploit the adaptive nature of mobile traffic. The utility optimized quality-of-service QoS framework proposed in this paper for the mobile WiMAX networks achieves this objective. To maintain support for QoS guarantees, the framework capitalizes on the adaptive nature of WiMAX traffic by individually linking connections with a utility function designed to both uphold the end users' perceived performance and determine bandwidth allocations by a search tree maximization algorithm. In doing so, bandwidth utilization is maximized for all active connections, and blocking and dropping probabilities for new and handover calls, respectively, are minimized. The framework is evaluated through an extensive simulation model and is shown to outperform state-of-the-art solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this article, we summarize the 5G mobile communication requirements and challenges. First, essential requirements for 5G are pointed out, including higher traffic volume, indoor or hotspot traffic, and spectrum, energy, and cost efficiency. Along with these changes of requirements, we present a potential step change for the evolution toward 5G, which shows that macro-local coexisting and coordinating paths will replace one macro-dominated path as in 4G and before. We hereafter discuss emerging technologies for 5G within international mobile telecommunications. Challenges and directions in hardware, including integrated circuits and passive components, are also discussed. Finally, a whole picture for the evolution to 5G is predicted and presented.

As digitization, networking and information technology are the three main characteristics of the 21st century, e-commerce is growing at an unstoppable momentum and popularity worldwide development, which offers a global trading environment, greatly improves the communication speed, saves management links overhead and reduces the cost of doing business. The development of the Internet and wireless communication has brought a tremendous impact on our lives.With it’s rapid spread of mobile phones which has a function of Internet access features, people can connect the Internet to obtain information through a computer, a mobile phone to easily exchange communication anytime, anywhere by wireless. Because people need to work and live, and they hope they can send and receive e-mail anytime, anywhere to access news, stock information, order a variety of much-needed goods and that is the realization of the mobile e-commerce. So a new e-business models have emerged--mobile e-commerce, namely combine the use of mobile communication network and the Internet to make e-commerce activities, and is an important service to provide users with mobile Internet.

This paper provides a novel design concept for advanced mobile multi interface terminals with radio network aggregation capability and enhanced quality of service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia services (voice, video and data) in heterogeneous wireless and mobile networks. A new module is established which provides the best QoS and lowest cost for any given multimedia service by using simultaneously all available wireless and mobile access networks for a given traffic flow. This novel adaptive QoS module with adaptive QoS routing algorithm is called advanced QoS routing algorithm (AQoSRA), which is defined independently from any existing and future radio access technology. The performance of our proposal is evaluated using simulations and analysis with multi-interface mobile stations with AQoSRA within, carrying multimedia traffic in heterogeneous mobile and wireless environment with coexistence of multiple Radio Access Technologies, such as 3G, 4G as well as future 5G radio access networks. The analysis of the proposed framework for radio networks aggregation in advanced mobile terminals has shown overall better performances regarding the achievable throughput and multimedia access probability in heterogeneous wireless and mobile environment.

This article is based on a keynote address presented by the author at the 50th DAC. It discusses the state-of-the-art in semiconductor technology and its interaction with smart mobile devices, wide I/O memory access and flexible displays.

Requirement of portable, mobile and high speed connectivity for internet access is increasing day by day. WiMAX will be playing an important role in the Broadband Wireless Technology (BWT) sector, since it is more cost-effective and easy to install technology. It is a fixed Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system based on the IEEE 802.16 standards and will be used to provide “last mile” access to the broadband and Internet access services. The WiMAX technology is based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 Air Interface Standard and is rapidly proving itself as a technology that will play a significant role in fixed broadband wireless metropolitan area networks. It is based on the concept of orthogonal frequency division multiple access technique in wireless communication. This paper investigates the performance of WiMAX network under AWGN and SUI Channel Model by varying physical layer parameter such as higher M-ary modulation, coding scheme and cyclic prefix.

Today's mobile smartphones are very powerful, and many smartphone applications use wireless multimedia communications. Mobile phone security has become an important aspect of security issues in wireless multimedia communications. As the most popular mobile operating system, Android security has been extensively studied by researchers. However, few works have studied mobile phone multimedia security. In this article, we focus on security issues related to mobile phone cameras. Specifically, we discover several new attacks that are based on the use of phone cameras. We implement the attacks on real phones, and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the attacks. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight defense scheme that can effectively detect these attacks.

본 논문은 Fractal구조의 L-형 급전구조를 이용하여 AccessPoint용 소형 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 설계하였고, 소형 안테나는 "Crossed-Diagonal"이라 불리는 특이한 형태의 공진 흐름이 존재함으로써 얻을 수 있다. 설계프로그램으로는 CST사의 MicroWave5.0을 사용하였다. 설계된 패치 안테나의 동작특성으로써 입력 반사손실이 -10[dB]이하 VSWR 2:1인 범위가 3.202[GHz] ~ 4.233[GHz]까지 1031[MHz]의 29.4%라는 특성을 나타내었고, 단일 패치로서 E-평면과 H-평면의 이득은 8.7[dBi], 8.6[dBi] 그리고 3[dB]빔폭은 E-평면에서 $43.9^{\circ}$ , H-평면에서 $78.7^{\circ}$ 라는 시뮬레이션 결과를 각각 얻을 수 있음을 논문을 통해 알 수 있다. 【In this paper, an AccessPoint compact microstrip patch antenna was designed by using L-shaped feeding structure of a Fractal Structure and the compact antenna can be obtained by the rare formed presence of the resonance flow which is called "Crossed-Diagonal". CST's MicroWave5.0 was used for the design. As the operating characteristics of the patch antenna, it showed the characteristic of 1031 [MHz] or 29.4% in the range of 3.202 [GHz] ~ 4.233 [GHz] when an input return loss is less -10 [dB] and VSWR 2:1, also as it is in this paper, we got simulation results such as, gains of the E-plane and H-plane are 8.7 [dBi] and 8.6 [dBi] for this is the single patch, and 3 [dB] beamwidth is $43.9^{\circ}$ at E-plane and $78.7^{\circ}$ at H-plane.】

Mobile services based on 4G LTE services are steadily expanding across global markets, providing subscribers with the type of responsive Internet browsing experience that previously was only possible on wired broadband connections. With more than 200 commercial LTE networks in operation as of August 2013 [1], LTE subscriptions are expected to exceed 1.3 billion by the end of 2018 [2]. LTE's rapid uptake, based on exponential growth in network data traffic, has opened the industry's eyes to an important reality: the mobile industry must deliver an economically sustainable capacity and performance growth strategy; one that offers increasingly better coverage and a superior user experience at lower cost than existing wireless systems, including LTE. This strategy will be based on a combination of network topology innovations and new terminal capabilities. Simple network economics also require that the industry's strategy enable new services, new applications, and ultimately new opportunities to monetize the user experience. To address these pressing requirements, many expert prognosticators are turning their attention to future mobile broadband technologies and standards (i.e., 5G) as well as evolutions of the 3GPP's existing LTE standard and IEEE 802.11 standards.

Mobile social networking is a pervasive communication platform where users with smartphones can search over the Internet and query neighboring peers to obtain the desired information. In this article, we examine the architecture, communication patterns, and especially the security and privacy of MSN. We first study three categories of mobile applications with a focus on two autonomous mobile applications, business card and service review. We then explore the possible methods to deal with the associated security and privacy challenges. By discussing the shortages of the methods, we finally provide several promising research directions.