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In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Water Hyacinth Meal (WHM) supplemented with and without exogenous enzymes (Maxigrain ) on the gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens, a total of 216 laying hens aged 24 weeks and 4 weeks in lay were used. Six experimental diets were formulated based on the Completely Randomized Design model using a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement made up of two levels of enzyme (No enzyme, With enzyme) and three dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). At the end of the feeding trial, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, kept off feed for 12 hours, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The meat of the breast and thigh of each replicate sample were then selected for sensory evaluation. All parameters were expressed as percentage of live weight. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in live weight (LW), slaughter weight (SW), defeathered weight (DW), eviscerated weight (EWT) and dressed weight (DW) between birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the weight of the head, neck, breast, back, thigh, drumsticks, wings and shanks between the birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between the birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Of all the internal organs assessed, only the gizzard weight was significantly (p0.05) differences in appearance, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability between the meat of birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; but the meat of birds fed 10 and 20 % dietary inclusion levels of WHM had significantly (p

Small and medium industries are experiencing growth every year. The home industry of tofu production is one of the small and medium industries that continues to grow and develop. However, there is a problem if the tofu production waste is disposed of directly into the waters, it will cause pollution due to the deposition of organic material. The research objective was to analyze the subsurface flow-wetlands with plants namely water hyacinth, apu wood and lemna minor to reducing TSS levels and stabilizing pH. This research an experimental with treatments including SSF-Wetlands without water plants (A1), SSF-Wetlands with water hyacinth (A2), SSF-Wetlands with apu wood (A3), SSF-Wetlands with lemna minor (A4) and SSF-Wetlands with water hyacinth, and apu wood (A5). The stages of this research are the sampling stage, the SSF-Wetlands manufacturing stage, the waste treatment stage and the pH and TSS testing stages. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (SPSS 20). The results showed that the liquid waste of tofu in the initial sample was acidic, namely 3.94 and the TSS level was 858 mg / L. The pH condition of the waste after processing by the quality standard.  The highest increase in pH and decrease in TSS levels in the tofu liquid waste treatment was the SSF-Wetland processing with water hyacinth plants (A2). This shows that water hyacinth plants have a greater role in neutralizing pH and can absorb the most suspended matter compared to apu wood and lemna minor plants.

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a pernicious herb in many parts of the world due to its rapid growth. However, for its high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, it could be considered as raw material to produce fermentable sugars. In this work, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration by thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of sugars from water hyacinth was evaluated. Initially, the effect of the sulfuric acid concentration from 1.5 to 9% at 120 ºC was evaluated. With 1.5%, the release of reducing sugars was 160 milligrams of reducing sugars per gram of dry matter (mg red-sug/g dm). After the thermochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic hydrolysis with the cellulase complex (NS22086) allowed obtaining a reducing sugars concentration up to 317 mg red-sug/g dm. These thermochemical and enzymatic approaches to recover reducing sugars from water hyacinth is promising and should be evaluated for bioprocess using reducing sugars as the main source of carbon, such as bioethanol production.

An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) and modified continuous stirred tank reactor (MCSTR) were investigated with respect to the treatment of water hyacinth juice (WHJ) and water hyacinth residue (WHR), to promote the utilisation of water hyacinth as a resource and control its excessive growth. The results revealed that EGSB and MCSTR can efficiently manage WHJ and WHR. The energy recovery efficiency of water hyacinth was 21.10 m3 biogas/t, wherein the WHJ in EGSB produced 0.190 m3 biogas/kg chemical oxygen demand, and the WHR in MCSTR generated 397 mL biogas/g total solid. High-throughput sequencing analyses indicated that the MCSTR and EGSB had similar dominant microbial composition in the hydrolytic acidification phase, while genus norank_o__NB1-n was unique to the MCSTR. The methanogenesis metabolic pathways of WHR contained both acetoclastic methanogenesis and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, where the dominant functional microorganisms were Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, respectively. However, the methanogenetic metabolic pathways of WHJ involved only acetoclastic methanogenesis, with Methanosaeta as the dominant functional microorganism. A novel processing technology for the sustainable utilisation of water hyacinth was successfully established. This technology allowed for substance circulation and energy exchange in the ecosystem and is suitable for industrial applications owing to its performance, cost, and environment-friendly characteristics.

Water hyacinth plants basically called as the foreign aquatic plants. These plants were initially originated from the country of America. Now, all over the world these plants were enormous growth and spreads. Rapid growing characteristics was one of the main reason of this plants widely spreads. After that these plants form to the thick mats like 4 to 5 feet’s to the water surface. Then it reduces the oxygen levels of the waterbodies. Present days most of the researchers were come to these aquatic plants to convert various products like composites, bio composites, commercial products and fully bio degradable products. Presently all over the world researchers thinks innovate to make money and produce novel projects out of this aquatic water hyacinth plants. This paper investigated the various products produced towards from the aquatic water hyacinth plant from the local water bodies like ponds, canals and some others.

Abiotic stressors like drought and salinity are major causes for loss of agricultural productivity. Comparison of expressed sesquence tags (ESTs) under different abiotic stresses provides insight into underlying mechanism of stress response, and candidate genes to improve tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses via breading and transgenic methods. In order to identify and compare stress-specific ESTs from drought and salinity stressed Hyacinth Bean, ten days old seedlings were subjected to respective stresses and RNA was extracted from control and stressed leaves for EST identification. 31 and 12 ESTs, respectively, were characterized from leaves of drought and salinity stressed seedlings of Hyacinth Bean, Lablab purpureus by differential display RT-PCR using identical combinations of 48 primers and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Relative fold expression was higher under salt stress than drought stress. Whereas 19 EST overexpressed under drought, 12 EST were down regulated. Of the 12 EST under salinity, 9 EST were downregulated and 3 EST upregulated. Putative functions predicted from sequence homology indicated that 11 drought specific EST corresponded to metabolic functions, and 4 of them corresponded to transcription regulation. Under salinity, 4 and 2 EST, respectively, corresponded to metabolic and RNA associated functions. Under both stresses, there were ESTs associated with unknown functions, whose characterization may throw light on the regulatory mechanism. Differing number of ESTs differentially expressed under drought and salt stress, and their predicted functionalities, suggested distinct set of response genes involved under these two stresses, despite a good number of physiological players being common. From the predicted functions of ESTs, the paper attempts to explain the possible mechanism of response of Hyacinth Bean to these two stresses.

A naphthaldehyde-pyridoxal conjugated chemodosimeter (NPLC) was developed and employed for the sensitive and selective detection and estimation of cyanide in common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a free floating macrophyte used in the phytoremediation process since ancient times. The non-fluorescent nature of the probe NPLC, directed by the possibility of excited state intramolecular proton transfer process (ESIPT), was promptly changed due to CN− induced di-deprotonation of the probe. The naked eye color change and turn on vivid fluorescent color of NPLC was attributed to the inhibition of the ESIPT mechanism in the deprotonated NPLC (NPLC-D). The selective detection of cyanide ion in the nanomolar range (81 nM), among other interfering anions, makes it exclusive. The involvement of the probe in a chemodosimetric fashion toward cyanide was elucidated by experimental and computational studies.

The objective of this research was to ascertain the best conditions for efficient applications of water lettuce, giant salvinia and water hyacinth in improving the quality of low strength domestic wastewater. Water quality assessment of the wastewater samples before (influent) and after treatment (effluent) with effect to retention times (6, 12 and 24 h) was analysed. The outcome of the study at 6 h retention showed that water lettuce (6.8–7.0 pH, 50.5% colour, 46.7% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 37.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD)), giant salvinia (6.9–7.1 pH, 40.5% colour, 60% BOD and 43.2% COD) and water hyacinth (6.7–6.9 pH, 45.5% colour, 53% BOD and 35.1% COD) reduction values were achieved. At 12 h retention, water lettuce (6.6–7.0 pH, 57.2% colour, 77.1% BOD and 74.6% COD), giant salvinia (6.4–6.8 pH, 81.1% colour, 66.7% BOD and 72.2% COD) and water hyacinth (6.4–6.7 pH, 61.9% colour, 70% BOD and 61.1% COD) reduction values were achieved. Similarly, for 24 h retention, water lettuce (6.6–7.0 pH, 76.7% colour, 53.2% BOD and 70.3% COD), giant salvinia (6.6–7.0 pH, 91.4% colour, 74.7% BOD and 81.0% COD) and water hyacinth (6.4–6.9 pH, 74% colour, 58% BOD and 67.2% COD) reduction values were achieved. These findings indicated that the retention times of 12 and 24 h provided suitable conditions to break down the organic contaminants present in the shallow ponds. HIGHLIGHTS Determine the ideal conditions for efficient applications of macrophytes in phytoremediation of treated domestic wastewater.; The reduction rate of pollutants progressively increased, as the retention time and sampling period increased.; The developed hydroponic ponds provided simple, cheap, and sustainable technology for tertiary treatment of wastewater within a short time.

Water hyacinth is a free floating aquatic plant they were mainly available in tropical and sub-tropical region. These plants were treated as noxious and they were containing the highest growth characteristics. These plants many parts were affected the growth of other plants and also animals. Because of major negative causes all the countries considered these plant was a waste. So, presently the researchers focused on this hyacinth plant convert into some commercial aspect products and also ornamental items. The present review discuss the mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact compare to the other natural fibres and also discuss the various extraction process and composite production techniques of Eichhornia crassipes. Some recent research and developments were proved and yet to be produced to some successful commercial products made to the aquatic water hyacinth plant, because the outcome of these water hyacinth based products considered as the waste management concept.

The hyacinth plant (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic weed that causes the silting of swamps. The water hyacinth research was developed because of concerns over the threat of biodiversity in swamps by utilizing water hyacinth for ceramic and composite mixtures. This current research highlights the comparative acoustical performances of ceramic and composite with water hyacinth contents. Dried water hyacinth was added to the clay ceramic mixture with a weight percentage of 2, 6, 8, and 10 wt%. The ceramic dough was then shaped hexagonally with an interlock system and molded overlay respectively before burning and biscuits, while the composite dough consisted of 200 ml polyester resin: 25 mg water hyacinth: 20 ml catalyst. The acoustic test methods refer to ASTM 1050-98 and ASTM E2611-09 for sound absorption and sound transmission loss respectively. The result showed that the 8 wt% water hyacinth mixture of porous ceramic had an average absorption coefficient of 0.29 and a sound transmission loss of a wide range of frequencies with an average of 59.1 dB. Meanwhile, the resin composite has a poor average of sound absorption of 0.10 - 0.11 and 58.08 - 58.36 dB on its STL. The innovation of the water hyacinth-ceramic, however, had a promising character as a Helmholtz-based diffuser-absorber.

In present work, the activated carbon was prepared from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by chemical process. Nanocomposites were formed using activated carbon and ZnO nanoparticles to get improved electrostatic interactions for the successful adsorption of heavy metal ions such as nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium from aqueous solution. The prepared nanocomposites were further characterized using XRD, SEM and EDAX techniques. The heavy metal ions removal efficacy was evaluated through ICP-OES. The result showed that the prepared nanocomposite efficiently adsorbed 76.75-92.40% nickel, 75.80-92.25% cadmium, 86.25-96.30% lead and 76.37-95.26% chromium. Nanocomposites showed a significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococci and B. subtilis.

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a major threat for polyhouse growers and cause great losses under protected cultivation. To reduce the use of pesticides in poly-houses and to promote the crop production, an eco-friendly management trail was conducted with different combinations of physical method (hot water treatment), organic amendments (tea waste, tobacco churi, poultry manure, water hyacinth leaf powder, lantana leaf powder and neem cake) and bio-agents (Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum). The treatment combinations were used as soil application before sowing against Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house. All the combined treatments significantly reduced nematode reproduction and enhanced plant growth parameters as compared to untreated check. Maximum yield was obtained with combination of Hot water + Tobacco churi + Paecilomyces lilacinus (3.865 kg/plant) followed by Hot water + Tea waste + Paecilomyces lilacinus (3.690 kg/plant) and Hot water + Tobacco churi + Trichoderma harzianum (3.491 kg/plant) as compared to untreated check (0.983 kg/plant).

The research was performed to determine the effect of planting depth on plant development characteristics in grape hyacinth growing (Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker). In the experiment, grape hyacinth bulbs with a circumference of 3.5 cm were used as plant material. Grape hyacinth bulbs were planted in the mixture of perlite + peat + cocopeat (1: 1: 1) at a depth of 1 cm (superficial planting), 4 cm (medium depth planting) and 7 cm (deep planting). After planting, bulbs were irrigated until the leaves formed, and then nutrient solution was applied. The experiment was designed as a randomized plot design with three replications with 10 bulbs each (pot). In the experiment, biometric measurements including emergence number, EC, pH, plant weight, bulb diameter, weight, bulblet number, adventitious root number, length, weight, leaf number, length, width and weight were determined. The data was applied to variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple comparison test (p=0.05). According to statistical analysis; at the end of the 2nd week, the highest emergence rate (50%) from bulbs planted in superficial planting, and the highest plant weight (3.79 g) from bulbs planted in medium depth planting were obtained. The effect of planting depth on the other parameters was insignificant. The bulb diameter was 14.37-15.42 mm, the bulb weight was 1.79-2.11 g, the bulblet number was 1.00-1.40, the leaf length was 22.88-24.50 cm, the leaf width was 3.64-3.81 mm and adventitious root length was between 8.56-11.50 mm.

Scarce forages and low digestibility are major challenges of dry season feeding of ruminants in the tropics. This can be overcome by conservation of forages through ensiling with unconventional and inexpensive materials containing high fermentable carbohydrates. Water hyacinth, an invasive water weed with high biomass yield was ensiled with graded levels of breadfruit and assessed for its potential as a feed resource. Breadfruit was included in silages at 0% (control, T1); 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4) and 40% (T5) with sawdust added at a constant inclusion level of 10% to serve as absorbent. Proximate composition and silage quality assessment were determined after 30 days of ensiling. Results showed that dry matter (%) of silages ranged between 14.21 (T1) and 28.44 (T4). Ash contents (g/100g) reduced (P

Water hyacinth root contains Giberilin which was expected to improve the viability performance of nagara cowpea. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water hyacinth root extract on the viability of nagara cowpea. The research was carry out in April - October 2020 at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. This research was arranged in a single factor completely randomized design, namely the concentration of water hyacinth root extract (control, 0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30.0%). Observations were made on seed germination, viability potential, percentage of normal seedling at first observation, growth speed, uniformity of growth, root and plumule length of strong normal seedling, and dry weight of normal seedling.. If the treatment has a significant effect, then proceed with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The 0.0% priming was better on all variables than the without priming, except for the root length. The 7.5% priming treatment was the most efficient for seed germination, potential germination of seeds, and growth uniformity of seeds. The 22.5% priming treatment was the most efficient for the germination percentage in first observation, seed growth speed, plumule length, and dry weight of normal seedling.

In the processing of chips using cassava (Manihot utilissima), it will produce waste in the form of solid and liquid waste. The liquid waste of processing cassava chips contains organic compounds that are easily decomposed and cause unpleasant odors. If the liquid waste is discharged directly into the environment, it will cause pollution and damage the environment. One of the steps that can be used to overcome this problem is phytoremediation. The purpose of this study was to determine the best treatment in the processing of cassava chips industrial wastewater so that the liquid waste is safe to dispose of into the environment. In this study, using two types of aquatic plants, namely water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and kiambang (Pistia stratiotes) and using alum to remediate liquid waste. This research was conducted experimentally using a jar with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 25 cm with 3 repetitions of each treatment. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively to determine the best treatment that can be used for remediation of cassava chips industry wastewater. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) could improve the quality of wastewater so that it is safe to dispose of into the environment.

The problem of fossil fuel increases by time around the world, Biodiesel is an environmentally friend renewable diesel fuel alternative. The present work aims to determine the possibility for biofuel production from non-edible plant (Water hyacinth) and waste cooking oils in addition to potential uses as source for glycerol, pigments and antioxidant compound sources. this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel production from water hyacinth using two solvent systems (chloroform: methanol, 2:1v/v and Hexane), Moreover, WCO applying one steps alkaline transesterification process using methanol, NaOH (0.25) and KOH (0.25, 0.5 and 1g) as a catalyst and hot distilled water for purification. both produced biodiesel (from Eichhornia and WCO) was characterized using FTIR and some chemical constant such as IV, SV and AV. The highest biodiesel produced from Eichhornia recorded with chloroform: methanol system when compared with Hexane. However, the highest biodiesel produced from WCO was recorded when using KOH (0.25g). Also, the obtained results reported the possibility for use glycerol produced from the both biofuel sources in body butter (makhmaria) production, Authors concluded that, the produced biodiesel from both sources was within the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel. Also, water hyacinth became useful in antioxidant compounds production, the contained pigments may be used as natural coloring substances in different fields.

The narrow central Italian endemic and threatened Webb’s hyacinth (Bellevalia webbiana), a perennial herb, is a clear example of a species that has disappeared from several localities due to the de...

Eutrophication is one of the main water pollution problems, which occurs throughout Thailand. This research focused on the use of glutinous rice straw (RD-Six) extract and water hyacinth to reduce nutrients and to inhibit phytoplankton growth in hypereutrophic water. In this research, we used (1) control without glutinous rice straw extract and water hyacinth; and (2) experimental treatment with glutinous rice straw extract and water hyacinth. Experiments were set up for eight days in ten concrete circle pit blocks (0.80 m in diameter and 0.40 m in height) in year 2020 (five replicates for each control and experimental treatment). Water quality was analyzed physically, chemically, and biologically, and the effect of glutinous rice straw extract on phytoplankton and the growth rate of water hyacinth were also determined. The result showed that values of water quality parameters (turbidity, DO, BOD, SS, TKN, NH3-N, NO2, TP, SRP, TN, and Chlorophyll-a) were improved. The values of water quality were significantly lower in experimental treatments than in controls. Glutinous rice straw extract had no effect on water hyacinth growth. The study of phytoplankton composition demonstrated that, prior to the experiment, Cyanophyta was the dominant group in both control and experimental treatments. After the experiment, Cyanophyta became less abundant in experimental treatments. Reduction of Cyanophyta could be caused by the direct effect of allelochemicals (phenolic compounds) from glutinous rice straw extract. Therefore, this combined method has displayed their effectiveness in reducing nutrients and inhibiting phytoplankton growth in eutrophic water.

The water hyacinth has high growth rates that can lead to various environmental problems and the production of large amounts of waste biomass. However, it can be a source of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bio-oil. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation on the pyrolysis process of water hyacinth ex-situ with bentonite catalyst and the addition of water vapor. Temperature variations used are 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C. The pyrolysis process uses 300 grams of water hyacinth and is carried out for 1 hour. The results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature reduced the char and bio-oil products, but increased the product of gas. Pyrolysis at 450°C produces a lot of bio-oil, while at the temperature of 650°C tends to produce gas products. Also, increasing the pyrolisis temperature results in a higher density of bio-oil. Gas chromatograph testing was carried out to determine the content of organic compounds found in bio-oil. Hydrocarbons are obtained which increase with increasing temperature. The highest percentage of the content of organic compounds is in oxygen compounds. Components of alcohol, phenols, ketones, aldehydes are functional compounds found in the content of bio-oil. Acid compounds are also contained in bio-oil from the results of pyrolysis of water hyacinth.

Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant, which can grow rapidly along the water area with rich of nutrients. Mostly this plant can be the alternative ingredient for fish feed because it contains various nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, secondary metabolites. However, because it plant-based, it rich of fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as tannins and phytic acids which can degrade the quality of fish feed and decrease the growth performance of fish if used in high concentration. Water hyacinth fermentation can be a solution to increase digestibility and nutrient contents. Several studies showed that growth performance of fish fed by fermented water hyacinth better than non-fermented. The concentration, which can apply as feed ingredient, ranged 20-40% replacement.

This study focuses on the speciation of chromium that occurs during biosorption of chromium in an aqueous medium using dried and powdered stems, roots and leaves of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crass...

This study aims to analyze the influence of science and technology and the quality of human resources in the processing of high economic value water hyacinth in Lake Tempe, Wajo Regency. This research is a type of quantitative research with primary data collection. The sample used is the community around Lake Tempe with the age of 20-39 years, as many as 100 respondents. Data analysis is carried out through stages: collecting data through a questionnaire, and visiting the field directly in order to provide a clear picture of the problem under study. Testing the hypothesis of this study using multiple linear regression data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. This study states that: (1) science and technology on water hyacinth are of high economic value, with increasing science and technology, economic value is increasing. (2) The quality of human resources has a positive and significant effect on water hyacinth with high economic value, with the increase in the quality of human resources, the economic value is increasing. (3) Simultaneously science and technology and human resources quality have a positive influence on high economic value, partially science and technology, and human resources quality have a positive effect on high economic value. (4) science and technology variable is a more dominant influence on water hyacinth with high economic value.

In this paper, water hyacinth and Pistia stratiotes pellet fuel are the research objects, and the flue gas emission characteristics of aquatic biomass compact fuels burning in the O2/CO2 atmosphere...

Mustard greens (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis) are known vegetables among consumers and have high economic value. Besides being used as a vegetable, mustard greens are also used for the treatment of various diseases so that they are included in the vegetable group which has an important role in meeting the needs of food, nutrition and medicine for the community. To increase the growth and production of green mustard plants, it is necessary to apply liquid bio-organic fertilizers that are sourced from organic materials with good nutrients needed by plants, one of which is water hyacinth weed. To improve the quality of water hyacinth liquid bio-organic fertilizer, it can be applied with the bio-activator Trichoderma sp which functions to produce liquid bio-organic fertilizer with high nutrients for plant growth and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of mustard greens including plant height, number of leaves and leaf width and to test the production of mustard greens including caratenoids and vitamin C content. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, namely fertilizer. Liquid organic (POC) water hyacinth fermented using Trichoderma sp. which consists of 5 levels of fertilization doses, namely A (0 ml / L), B (8 ml / L), C (16 ml / L), D (24 ml/L) and E (32 ml/L) with 5 repetitions. Based on the results of analysis of variance, it showed that the dosage treatment of water hyacinth bio-organic fertilizer with the bio-activator Trichoderma sp had a significant effect on p

Paper made from water hyacinth which was modified by PLA solvent coating and the PLA content were varied for finding the most appropriate content. The SEM images of both surface and cross section were carried out for showing the interaction between the water hyacinth paper and PLA film. The water barrier properties of PLA content at 0.4 % (W/V) and 0.6 % (W/V) showed the hydrophobic properties of water hyacinth paper. The modified water hyacinth paper could resist water being indicated by water absorption which was over 90 minute/5µL in any PLA content.

An experiment was conducted on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari from 12 September to 4 December 2019 for 84 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets after weaning of 4-6 months age were allocated into four treatments each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four type of experimental diets were composed for experimental piglets. Piglets of T1 (control) group were provided adlib concentrate mixture, 95% concentrate feed + 5% water hyacinth (WH) were given to T2 group, 90% concentrate feed + 10 WH were offered to T3 group and piglets of T4 group were fed 85% concentrate feed + 15% WH as per their daily requirement. Feed and water hyacinth intake were recorded daily and body weight gain was measured once a week. Experiment revealed that feed and WH intake was highly significant (p

Modelling and optimisation of biogas production from different substrate mixtures is lagging behind in research and development. Current biogas production processes are not fully exploiting co-dige...

Composting organic wastes can be relatively cheap and environmentally-friendly sources of mineralizable nutrients for legumes. We amended 5 kg topsoil (0–15 cm) samples of an Ultisol (Lixisol) with...

Water hyacinth is a severe issue, resulting in river blocking in high flood risk areas like Pathum Thani province, Thailand. To reduce the amount of invasive water hyacinths, their stalks were used as carbon precursors for carbon dots (CDs) by one-pot gamma irradiation, which is a promising method for high-quality and large-scale production. Furthermore, this method was compared with the conventional hydrothermal method. This finding proved that the optical properties of as-prepared CDs from both methods were no significant differences. The CD solution had a pale yellow color and exhibited tuneable fluorescence emission. They are strongly absorbed in the UV region of 250-300 nm. An effect of ethanol pretreatment was also studied. It was found that the ethanol pretreatment has no substantial effect on the photophysical and chemical properties of as-prepared CDs, whereas it was crucially affected by the pH stability of CDs. The maximum fluorescence emission of CDs with (ECD-G) and without (CD-G) ethanol pretreatment were 443 nm (~2.5% of quantum yields) and 440 nm (~2.0% of quantum yields) with the excitation at 360 nm, respectively. The carboxyl groups were the primary functional group of CD-G and ECD-G, confirmed by the FTIR spectroscopy.

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was pulped by means of a kraft pulping process with reagent loads of 10 and 20% on a dry matter basis to determine yield, rejects, kappa number, and ash. Fiber classification, brightness, opacity, and viscosity were measured in the brown pulp. Bleaching was performed by means of an O1O2D1(PO)D2HD3 sequence. Yield, kappa number, pH, ash, brightness, opacity, and viscosity were evaluated in the bleached pulp. Finally, a microanalysis of inorganic elements was carried out in both the bleached and unbleached pulp ash. The highest kraft pulp yield was 26.4%, with a 10% reagent load at 120 °C and 30 minutes cooking. It was determined that E. crassipes cellulosic pulp contains large amounts of fines. Results of the bleaching sequence indicate low brightness (58.0 %) and low viscosity (6.43 cP). The most abundant inorganic elements in the ash of both bleached and unbleached pulp were Ca, Mg, P, and Si. These results suggest that E. crassipes biomass might complement cellulosic fibers in pulping processes of low yield, such as the wood fibers used to produce handmade paper.

This study aims to determine the ability of water hyacinth, heartshape false pickerelweed, and water lettuce as phytoremediation of chlorine in water; to determine the ability of those plants, as well as to accumulate and translocate chlorine in water, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and translocation factor (TF). The research method was used, namely the experimental design method to find the effect of certain treatments on controlled conditions. The results of the study concluded that water hyacinth (Eicchorniacrassipes (Mart.) Solms), heart shape false pickerelweed (Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.F) Presi), and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) have the ability as phytoremediating agents for chlorine in water, with absorption respectively 79.58% for water hyacinth, 73.60% heartshape false pickerelweed, and 87.39% for water lettuce. These plantsare hyperaccumulators if the absorption / accumulation rate is at least 1000 ppm of contaminants. Thus, the three types of plants (Eichhorniacrassipes, Monochoria vaginalis, and Pistia stratiotes) can be categorized as hyperaccumulator plants for chlorine because their accumulation levels are respectively 1492.35 ppm (E.crassipes), 1374 ppm (M. vaginalis), and 1631.28 ppm (P. stratiotes).

Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has a great reproductive potential. The propagation of water hyacinth in most water bodies have decimated the livelihoods of many and reduced the water quality, among other negative effects. Converting this invasive water hyacinth into briquettes will serve as a good measure for controlling its proliferation, and also as a strong strategy for the development of sustainable alternative energy sources. This study explored water hyacinth briquettes as alternative to the local wood fuels through mercerization process to enhance the qualities of a biomass briquette and encourage its use as a renewable energy source of fuel. The aim was to evaluate the combustion performance of treated water hyacinth (TWH) and water hyacinth (WH). After sample collection, preparation and treatment, the briquettes were produced using 20 g of starch prepared into slurry blended with 80 g of the sample to produce the briquettes. The proximate characteristics, physical properties, combustion properties, the morphologies and structural changes in the briquettes were determined. The results obtained showed that both samples have good energy potentials. The outcome indicates that the alkaline treatment removed the hemicelluloses in the biomass and in turn reduced the moisture content of the briquettes. Consequently, the physical and combustibility properties of the briquettes got improved. The calorific value also improved from (30.58 MJ/Kg) in WH to (34.22 MJ/Kg) in TWH, The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a rough surface which enhanced bonding of the sample particles while the FTIR showed a structural change in the OH groups which indicates that the hemicelluloses have been removed.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) and lignocellulosic biomass has been reported as a promising technology for SS pretreatment, in terms of sterilization, deodorization, a...

The percentage yield of methane in biogas ranges from 40 – 70 %, which is relatively low when compared to natural gas whose methane composition is about 90 %. Improving the methane yield will increase the efficiency of the biogas to some extent. As a result, the use of plant additives is employed to improve the methane gas yield of the biogas produced. Methane gas production from starch-rich tuber peel was investigated at laboratory scale using a batch anaerobic digester of two litres working volume at mesophilic temperature. The digesters were fed with slurry of dry tuber peel and operated for sixty (60) days. Initially, 42 % methane production was recorded. The effect of the volume (100, 300 and 500 cm3) of aqueous extracts of soya, neem and water hyacinth on methane gas yield was also studied. An increase in methane production over the control was recorded in all the digesters. Significantly higher levels of methane gas production were observed in the digesters to which 500 cm3 of aqueous extract was added with the neem extracts recording the highest.

Wastewater from textile industries is a potential source of organic dyes in natural water bodies. Environmental concerns of chemical methods for removal of dyes from wastewater are no more a viable solution, and there is growing concern to develop alternative approaches such as green chemistry and phytoremediation. This study reports the removal of organic dyes from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (water hyacinth), as an easily available and fast-growing plant species. Growth of water hyacinth among individual cationic (rose bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), auramine O (AO), rhodamine B (RhB) and anionic (xylenol orange (XO), phenol red (PR), cresol red (CR), methyl orange (MO)) dye solutions and degradation of dyes were monitored. Results indicated that water hyacinth has good absorption and degradation potential for both types of dyes (cationic or anionic) and effectively removes dyes from solution. Water hyacinth can be used as a suitable and effective phytoremediate for removal of organic dyes from the wastewater.Graphical abstract.

Background Elevated atmospheric CO2 has direct and indirect influences on ecosystem processes. The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on carbon and nitrogen transformations, together with the microbial community, was evaluated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an open-top chamber replicated wetland. The responses of nitrogen and carbon pools in water and wetland soil, and microbial community abundance were studied under ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 (ambient + 200 μL L−1). Results Total biomass for the whole plant under elevated CO2 increased by an average of 8% (p = 0.022). Wetlands, with water hyacinth, showed a significant increase in total carbon and total organic carbon in water by 7% (p = 0.001) and 21% (p = 0.001), respectively, under elevated CO2 compared to that of ambient CO2. Increase in dissolved carbon in water correlates with the presence of wetland plants since the water hyacinth can directly exchange CO2 from the atmosphere to water by the upper epidermis of leaves. Also, the enrichment CO2 showed an increase in total carbon and total organic carbon concentration in wetland soil by 3% (p = 0.344) and 6% (p = 0.008), respectively. The total nitrogen content in water increased by 26% (p = 0.0001), while total nitrogen in wetland soil pool under CO2 enrichment decreased by 9% (p = 0.011) due to increased soil microbial community abundance, extracted by phospholipid fatty acids, which was 25% larger in amount than that of the ambient treatment. Conclusion The study revealed that the elevated CO2 would affect the carbon and nitrogen transformations in wetland plant, water, and soil pool and increase soil microbial community abundance.

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period of 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different mulch on soil temperature, soil moisture conservation and yield attributes of chilli. There were five treatments comprising T1: no mulch, T2: rice straw mulch @ 5 t ha-1, T3: water hyacinth mulch @ 5 t ha-1, T4: black polyethylene mulch and T5: white polyethylene mulch. The results revealed that, all the mulch treatment had higher soil temperature and soil moisture content at 5 cm and 10 cm depth compared to no mulch treatment. Soil temperature was highest in black polyethylene mulch, it increased average soil temperature by about 5.7 oC at 5 cm depth and 5.1 oC at 10 cm depth compared to no mulch treatment at 120 Days. Rice straw mulch treatment recorded highest soil moisture, it increased average soil moisture about 27.87 % at 5 cm depth and 28.57% at 10 cm depth over no mulch treatment. Rice straw mulch treatment produced highest green chilli yield (8.81 t ha-1) which was 26.94 % increased over no mulch treatment (6.94 t ha-1).Considering economic analysis, highest gross return (Tk 352400 ha-1), gross margin (Tk 235400 ha-1) and BCR (3.01) was obtained from same treatment T2 i.e., rice straw mulch treatment.

Tanah galian C yang memiliki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah kurang baik dilirik untuk digunakan sebagai alternatif budidaya tanaman sayuran, namun perlu mendapat masukan teknologi berupa penambahan bahan organik dan pemanfaatan FMA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dan FMA dalam perbaikan sifat fisik tanah hasil tanaman cabai rawit Varietas Dewata. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial 2 faktor. Faktor petama pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dengan 4 taraf; tanpa pemberian, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1 dan 25 t ha-1. Faktor kedua pemberian FMA campuran sebanyak 3 taraf ; tanpa pemberian, 5 g polybag-1 dan 10 g polybag-1. Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot isi, porositas tanah, permeabilitas tanah, derajat infeksi, indeks panen, dan bobot basah buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi bokashi dan FMA memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah (bobot isi, porositas tanah dan permeabilitas tanah), indeks panen, dan bobot basah buah. Pengaruh mandiri aplikasi bokashi terjadi pada jumlah klorofil, adapun terhadap derajat infeksi yang berpengaruh inokulasi FMA. Aplikasi bokashi eceng gondok 15 t ha-1 dan FMA 5 g dapat digunakan pada budidaya tanaman cabai pada tanah galian C.

Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms 1883, is a rampant invasive aquatic plant that is recognised as one of the ten worst weeds in the world. Its appearance in Koka Reservoir was re...

Nanoparticles was done by adding water hyacinth leave extract to AgNO3 2mM solution with a ratio of 1:40. Formed silver nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, XRD, PSA, and FTIR to determine its characteristics. Results showed that absorbance value increased if reaction time is increased. Maximum absorption was obtained at wavelength 432-446 nm by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Result of PSA analysis shows that the average size of silver nanoparticles formed is 93.2 nm while XRD analysis shows that the average crystal size of silver nanoparticles is 50.11 nm, with round shape and amorphous. Result of FTIR analysis to determine functional group that contributes to nanoparticle synthesis shows the contribution of OH group. Keywords: reduction method, silver nanoparticles, Eichornia crassipes, bioreductor

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds, and their pollution of soil and aquifer is of increasing environmentally risk. Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are phenoloxidases catalyze the oxidation of PAHs in the presence of a mediator compound and hyacinth plant. In this study laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized into chitosan, and the potential to oxidize anthracene in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) was examined. Results indicated that the immobilization enhanced the stability of laccase against temperature, pH, inhibitors and loading time compared with the other cases. The immobilized laccase-mediator system was as efficient as the free enzyme for oxidizing the tested PAHs. After 24h. of incubation, immobilized laccase–HBT showed a system oxidization more than immobilized laccase without (HBT) of PAHs; Chitosan with hyacinth plant and (HBT) resulted better conversion than chitosan with or without HBT. These results indicate a new chance for applying the immobilized laccase in bioremediation.