Search

Following Gadamer, Dilthey’s philosophy of the social world is beset by an implicit subjectivism which puts into question the very possibility of shared understanding. This subjectivism is taken to lie behind Dilthey’s emphasis on empathy (or “re-experiencing”), which becomes a condition of our understanding of others and knowledge of the socio-historical world generally. I argue that Dilthey does not give primacy to subjectivity, particularly in his later works. Dilthey’s own notion of sociality, accounted for in terms of the common realm of “objective spirit,” is akin to Gadamer’s own anti-subjectivist account of the human sciences and understanding. Through objective spirit, Dilthey shows that understanding cannot be conceived in terms of an aggregation of individual mental acts but is instead an irreducibly social accomplishment.

Within his earliest contributions to the human sciences, Charles Taylor challenged dominant behavioral views by advancing a hermeneutical conception of human agency. For Taylor, persons continually...

The article builds on a recent literature that has sought to underscore the relevance of Bourdieu’s field theory for historical-sociological analysis. It draws attention to symbolic revolutions, a concept that has been given short shrift in this literature and even in Bourdieu’s own expositions of his field-theoretical apparatus. The article argues that symbolic revolutions denote a universal mechanism of field-internal change which extends and complements a conceptual battery of mostly structural universals of fields. In a synoptic reading of Bourdieu’s field-theoretical work, the article fleshes out an ideal type of symbolic revolutions, with special regard to its dialectical features. It adds further analytical purchase to the concept by highlighting continuities and parallels with the work of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Mannheim. Finally, it argues that more recent studies by other authors on transformations in the psychiatric field, the field of social and human sciences, and the political field are in fact discussing instances of symbolic revolutions. It thus shows how the concept can help identify common properties among highly heterogeneous phenomena, opening up new avenues for historical-sociological investigations that can more systematically relate the general and the particular.

Elsewhere I have tried to provide the justification of both the irreducible (transcendental) distinction of science and philosophy and their inevitable (naturalistic) complementarity. Unlike empirical science, philosophy has no limit whatever as far as its possible objects are concerned. To say that there is no limit whatever to the possible objects of philosophy is to say that, strictly speaking, it has no object at all and must find its object outside itself, that is, in common sense knowledge and the natural and human sciences. Against the background of this conception, the paper argues that philosophy of science, as a critical reflection on common sense knowledge and the natural or human sciences, inherits from philosophy in general this two-faced Janus nature, which in the philosophy of science shapes the epistemological status of the discipline in an even more prominent way. To show this in detail, the paper enunciates eleven theses that derive from the intimate connection of unity and distinction that exists between philosophy of science on the one hand and the particular and specialized scientific knowledge on the other.

El artículo presenta la información relacionada con la incidencia de la imagen social del docente en la construcción de su identidad. Hay referencias que hacen parte de una investigación más amplia denominada La identidad profesional docente desde la mirada de los licenciados en formación.El estudio se desarrolló en tres momentos, con el empleo de entrevistas semiestructuradas, narraciones autobiográficas y grupo focal, dado que fue de tipo cualitativa y de enfoque etnográfico focalizado en estudiantes de licenciatura de la Universidad de Nariño de las áreas de Artística, Ciencias exactas y naturales y Ciencias humanas. A partir de las respuestas obtenidas se planteó tres enfoques hacia la imagen actual de los docentes: la remuneración económica, la desvalorización del rol profesional y la dificultad del ejercicio de la docencia como profesión. Cabe anotar que los comentarios priorizan la desvalorización del rol docente como el centro del pensamiento en la sociedad.

This paper depicts two great scholars who respected one another academically and culturally, moved in similar circles, and had in common a passionate though rational interest in human sciences and ...

Renzo Canestrari ha promosso presso l'Università di Bologna gli studi di storia della psicologia al fine di comprendere sia le molteplici radici della psicologia scientifica, sia il tormentato processo di sviluppo della psicologia italiana, nel suo periodo di fondazione e in quello della rifondazione negli anni '50 e '60. Egli affidò all'allievo Giuseppe Mucciarelli, che proveniva da studi filosofici ed epistemologici, il compito di approfondire la conoscenza delle basi storiche ed epistemologiche delle scienze psicologiche. Negli anni '80 e '90 l'attività di Mucciarelli fu febbrile e incessante, facendo di Bologna uno dei più autorevoli centri di ricerca italiani nel campo della storia della psicologia. Mucciarelli ha condotto un gran numero di studi su come gli orientamenti positivisti, psicofisici e fenomenologici europei abbiano influenzato il primo sviluppo della psicologia in Italia.Nello stesso periodo Nicoletta Caramelli, analizzando i rapporti tra la storia della psicologia e quella delle scienze umane, ha gettato nuova luce sulle origini del cognitivismo e sulla transizione in Italia dalla psicologia della Gestalt alla psicologia cognitiva.

Alvaro Bianchi is a professor, coordinator of the Laboratory of Political Thought (Pepol/Unicamp) and currently director of the Institute of Philosophy in Human Sciences at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). An international reference on Antonio Gramsci, he was visiting researcher at the Fondazione Gramsci and is a member of the Coordinating Committee of the International Gramsci Society and of the editorial board of the International Gramsci Journal. From his vast curriculum, we highlight his link to Gramscian political thought because it is the bridge that connects his recent research on the new right wing, especially dedicated to the literary work of Olavo de Carvalho - themes that guided the interview he granted us for the dossier "New Right in Brazil: theoretical, intellectual and discursive matrixes".

This article attempts to explicate the socio-cultural aspect as a general methodological tool that will allow making an integral analysis of modern society. The possibility of using the methodological potential of the sociocultural approach to analyze the process of change in modern society, which is increasingly called informational and communicative, is considered. This concept of the information society functions and creates social ideals and values ​​that are widely discussed in the social and human sciences within the framework of a social and cultural approach. Analysis of the information society is a multidisciplinary field of research, and sociocultural analysis is designed to answer important questions: in what direction and for what purpose is the social situation developing and what is the axiological component of this process? The synthesizing nature of the sociocultural analysis of the information society shows the direction of predicting its subsequent advance, the search for new normative concepts that suggest the possibility of localizing this process in a socially desirable channel, while ignoring both excessive optimism and extreme pessimism.

The article analyses the earliest period of the shaping modern human sciences, studies on human nature, the origins of humans, and physical and cultural diversity of humans in Poland. This process, including several separate stages, began under the influence of the ideas spread by the European Enlightenment and reflected the development of natural sciences that brought a deeper interest in humans, seen from a new perspective, free from religious determinism. Pioneering searches for a secular approach combined creationism and biblical tradition with a rational attitude based on achievements in natural history, linguistics, philosophy, history, and biblical critique. In the next stage, natural history constituted a distinct science with a precise scope of research that included, except mineralogy and botany, also zoology as well as human sciences perceived from a biological perspective. First definitions of anthropology described it as a science only emerging from natural history, with the aim to study both physical and moral aspects of humans. After 1831, human sciences experienced a different situation in various Polish research centers that finally ceased to exist, including Vilnius University, the leader in research in natural history. Under the influence of Romantic ideas, a view was propagated that mental ties were superior to physical ones, spiritual ties to blood kinship, culture was more important than biology. The emphasis in the study of humans was no longer on natural history, as in the late 18th century and the early 19th century, but on issues connected with mind and culture. The growth of both natural science and the humanities led to the establishment of new directions and areas of research that earlier were covered by natural history and history. Authors came to believe that study of humans requires a combination of various methods and cooperation of scholars representing numerous specialized sciences, however with their specific features preserved. This pioneering period lasted until the early 1860s when anthropology became an academic discipline on the Polish lands (translated by Jacek Serwanski).

The article describes the debate of Polish scholars about the purposes and scope of research in the field of anthropology. A number of factors had an impact on the course of this debate and its diverse conclusions. The second half of the 19th century marks an initial period of the development of this branch of study. First anthropologists were physicians from profession and that is why the emphasis was put on the significance of research concerning the physical aspect of humans and the division of humans into different races. At the same time, a need to combine biology with culture and social life of humans arose. This approach was to be supported with the use of sciences considered as auxiliary to physical anthropology such as history, ethnography, ethnology, sociology, linguistics, and archeology. The reception of the Western science did not offer readymade patterns. In fact, in the West, a number of established scholarly attitudes existed simultaneously, and were shaped by independent specific national traditions. Moreover, the split of human sciences into separate disciplines had not been completed yet. Accordingly, synonymic terms such as anthropology, ethnology, and ethnography were still in use interchangeably in Poland. Polish scholarly writings as well as works popularizing science – both are sources of material in this article – played a significant role in elaborating a way to understand the emerging human sciences. The problem of anthropology was thus introduced and a wider circle of readers became interested in it. Without independent Polish studies and without the reception of foreign research during the period of partitions in Poland, human sciences would not have developed after 1918 in the sovereign Polish Republic.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil das publicações acerca das discussões sobre mulher e esporte no Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), especificamente nas áreas temáticas das Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. A revisão integrativa das publicações indexadas na base de dados SciELO foi o método selecionado para essa pesquisa. Como resultado foi possível identificar publicações com a temática mulher e esporte em áreas da Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Após uma análise dos estudos das duas últimas áreas, percebeu-se que a discussão e produção com base científica nessas áreas ainda carecem de mais investigação e publicação. Houve um direcionamento mínimo para publicações em revistas específicas da Educação Física. Porém, atenta-se a interdisciplinaridade existente nos direcionamentos para revistas que tratam sobre a temática. Os dados coletados apresentam uma variedade de resultados, apresentando discussões que permeiam os conteúdos sobre políticas públicas de inclusão, participação, representação, feminilidade e outros. É necessário que as discussões sobre o tema e conteúdos possam influenciar novas diretrizes que formulem e ampliem as oportunidades de investigações e publicações que explorem as diversas nuances sobre a mulher e esporte.

Spektrum dyscyplin naukowych zajmujących się człowiekiem i jego światem jest dość różnorodne w swoim bogactwie. Jednakże w dotychczasowych osiągnięciach nauki wiedza o człowieku spośród wszystkich rodzajów wiedzy wzbudza największy niedosyt. Współczesne nauki o człowieku, uprawiając swój przedmiot badań oraz realizując wytyczone cele i zadania, coraz chętniej nawiązują interdyscyplinarne kontakty korzystając z dorobku naukowego różnych dyscyplin wspomagających i poszerzających swoje własne osiągnięcia oraz możliwości rozwoju. Początek naszego stulecia zdominowany został przez „wielką rewolucję” wspieranąprzez naukę i jej osiągnięcia stawiające człowieka wobec jeszcze większych zadań do rozwiązania oraz dylematów o niespotykanej dotąd skali złożoności i problematyczności. Tymczasem w obliczu doświadczania niedosytu wiedzy o człowieku coraz odważniej lansowane są przez transhumanizm przedsięwzięcia w zakresie przezwyciężenia ludzkich ograniczeń w celu poprawy / „ulepszania” kondycji ludzkiej. Ów stan rzeczy stawia przed nauką i edukacją wyzwania, którym w obliczu rodzących się dylematów niełatwo będzie stawić czoła, a przy tym generuje liczne kluczowe problemy ad deliberandum.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados iniciais de um projeto mais amplo sobre o ensino da língua egípcia no Brasil por meio de recursos digitais. Examinamos a primeira etapa através do curso Introdução ao Egípcio Clássico (Egípcio Médio), o primeiro curso online de ensino da língua egípcia no Brasil, tendo em vista a desafiadora realidade para a formação de egiptólogos no país. A partir do debate das Humanidades Digitais, que problematiza a produção e a divulgação do conhecimento nas ciências humanas com recursos tecnológicos, apontamos possíveis caminhos para a expansão deste projeto no cenário brasileiro. Neste escopo, a discussão sobre as plataformas digitais e o ensino de história antiga no Brasil entram como elementos importantes na contextualização desta iniciativa.

O presente artigo buscou compreender em qual grau o atual cenário de pandemia afetou o envolvimento nas atividades de aprendizagem por parte dos estudantes do ensino superior, devido às alterações nas formas de contato entre estudantes e docentes no contexto acadêmico, e, também, a opção generalizada pelo ensino remoto nas atividades letivas. Participaram do estudo 1.452 estudantes universitários brasileiros, matriculados entre o primeiro e último ano, frequentando cursos das três grandes áreas da CAPES: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Ciências da Vida e Ciências Humanas. O questionário incluía questões fechadas e abertas, sendo aplicado de modo on-line, tendo como objetivo identificar como o cenário de pandemia comprometeu o engajamento dos estudantes nas atividades de aprendizagem. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar como os estudantes organizam os seus estudos, as horas semanais que dedicam à aprendizagem e os sentimentos vivenciados nesse contexto pandêmico. Espera-se, com essa pesquisa, conhecer as vivências acadêmicas dos estudantes neste novo ambiente educacional, seus níveis de satisfação e engajamento, auxiliando no planejamento de ações e serviços de atendimento aos estudantes dentro da nova realidade de distanciamento social e de ensino a distância imposto pela pandemia., The present article sought to understand to what degree the current pandemic scenario has affected the involvement in learning activities by higher education students because of changes in the ways of contact between students and teachers in the academic context and also because of the general migration to remote learning. The research surveyed 1,452 Brazilian university students, enrolled between the first and last year, taking courses in the three major areas of CAPES: Exact and Technological Sciences, Life Sciences, and Human Sciences participated in the study. The questionnaire included open and closed questions applied online, aiming to identify how the pandemic scenario has affected the students' engagement in learning activities. Specifically, we sought to identify how students organize their studies, the weekly hours they dedicate to learning and the feelings experienced in this pandemic context. It is expected, with this research, to analyze the academic experiences of students in this new educational environment, their levels of satisfaction and engagement, assisting in the planning of actions and services for students within the new reality of social distance and distance learning imposed by the pandemic., (undefined)

This article advocates for a set of recent transdisciplinary options for the History of Religion, combining methods from the Natural and Human Sciences, through a special focus on the study of so-called “complex systems”. We elucidate their theoretical bases and limitations while assuming a pragmatic positioning between a defense of the historical-scientific study of religion and the promotion of groundbreaking methodological outlooks emerging from the Digital Humanities. From this background, throughout the text, we argue for a complementation of historiographical “close reading” with both “distant reading” techniques and interdisciplinary research, using computer-based methods and a diversity of formal modeling techniques. In short, we conclude that such methods offer novel ways for data representation and are best understood not only as creative schemes for solving issues in historiography, but also as a springboard for new inquiries arising from the transdisciplinarity between the Humanities and the Natural Sciences.

This article explores the ways in which the dead trouble the otherwise strong commitment in the human sciences to the centrality of cultural and historical specificities. Focusing on the work of th...

The purpose of the article is to analyze the conditions and stages in the formation of the conceptual-categorical framework of cultural sciences. The methodology is based on general scientific approaches such as terminological and systematic. The purpose and objectives of the publication define the use of such research methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, which made it possible to clarify the meaning of a number of concepts and terms. Scientific Novelty. The degree of scientific research of the topic is concentrated in identifying the problems of interaction between the conceptual and categorical frameworks in various scientific fields, namely, history, philosophy, philology, aesthetics, ethics, art history, and logic, to shape up the research space. We conceptualize the idea of "formal logical structures": that is not a mechanical combination of concepts or categories, but developing a new system adapted to solving theoretical problems of cultural studies. The question about the validity of the ―borrowing‖ process that allows cultural studies to analyze theoretical problems related to other humanitarian fields is also touched upon. Conclusion. So, among the other Ukrainian human sciences, cultural studies are developing quite actively and dynamically, constantly expanding its research space; its activity and dynamism of the cultural knowledge ―accumulation‖ determine those problems requiring special attention of modern scientists; in particular, the identification of the structural layering of the conceptual and categorical framework of cultural sciences.

The paper has been written from a philosophical perspective and triggered by the recurrent discussions in psychology about the most suitable methods to study our multifaceted subjectivity. Its main point is that a phenomenological understanding of the human person provides a robust and also flexible philosophical framework for psychology. The first part discusses three classical distinctions –individual/general; explaining/understanding; induction/interpretation– which, in spite of possible deficiencies, are useful to illustrate the specificity of the human sciences relative to the natural sciences. If not understood as an either-or dichotomy these distinctions represent the search of the right balance to reflect the complexity and richness of psychological science. The second part presents the phenomenological notions of ‘vital reduction’ and ‘personalist reduction’, where reductions does not take on an eliminativistic meaning, but of directing the mind’s gaze to attend to what is originally the case. The ‘vital reduction’ reveals a subject of experience at the center of the lifeworld, and the ‘personalist reduction’ sees in rationality –i.e., the power to grasp the meaning of things and to recognize other subjects of experience­– a deeper dimension of the subject, who we can thus call a person. Psychology and phenomenology converge in disclosing the person-centeredness of our lifeworld.

This review situates the book A Pragmatic Perspective of Measurement by David Torres Irribarra within contributions to the theory of practice of measurement in the human sciences over the past 20 years. Under the pragmatic perspective being introduced, measurement is characterized as an activity of classification, ordination, or quantification of a set of elements according to a model of a relevant attribute in service of a larger goal. The rationales provided by Torres Irribarra for this perspective, along with its possible affordances, are given a critical review. The pragmatic perspective depends upon counterfactual reasoning and the ability to establish criteria for the success of a measurement activity that is external from the instrumental procedure in question. A limitation of this approach can come from a lack of contact with substantive theory about the attribute to be measured that is internal to the procedure in question. Torres Irribara’s book presents a possible rapprochement between those who have argued for more restrictive or less restrictive conceptualizations of what it means to measure a psychological attribute.