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"Tunirrusiangit, "their gifts" or "what they gave" in Inuktitut, celebrates the achievements of two remarkable artists who challenged the parameters of tradition while consistently articulating a compelling vision of the Inuit world view. Published to coincide with a major exhibition at the Art Gallery of Ontario, opening on 16 June and continuing until late August, Tunirrusiangit features more than 60 reproductions of paintings, drawings, and documentary photographs. Completing the book are essays by contemporary artists and curators Jocelyn Piirainen, Anna Hudson, Georgiana Uhlyarik, Koomuatuk Curley, Laakkuluk Williamson Bathory, and Taqralik Partridge that address both the past and future of Inuit identity." -- Publisher's website.

The museum world is in a time of great change, many of the changes focus on the accessibility of museums. In Sweden these changes are becoming more apparent as the new museum law that has been passed advocates for equal museum experience for all visitors whether they have any for of impairment or not. To encourage this change a few older law and regulations that Swedish museums are also subject to are receiving more attention. That is why this research project focuses on how accessible museum exhibits in Sweden are for the visually impaired, while also comparing and evaluating different methods used to make exhibits more accessible. Prior methods used to make exhibits more accessible for people with visual impairments from around the world have been researched to see what may be useful, in Swedish museum exhibits. Several specialists’ from inside and outside the museum world have been interviewed so as to provide relevant information on what type of changes would be most beneficial to a museum exhibit to make it more accessible for people with partial to no vision. A small research project has also been done to see how accessible several museums through Scania in Sweden are for people with various form of disabilities. The main segment of this paper focuses on an evaluation of methods to increase accessibility for people with visual impairments used in a temporary exhibit at Trelleborg’s Museum. These methods have been evaluated using qualitative research methods, such as observations, questionnaires and group interviews. The data was gathered using a test group comprised primarily of people with various levels of visual impairments and a control group meant to represent “regular” museum visitors. The conclusion of this research project is that new methods to make museum exhibits accessible for the visually impaired are constantly being invented, making methods that may seem too expensive and difficult to use much more efficient in the future. The most important poi

" Jock Macdonald was a pioneer of postwar abstraction in Canada. This retrospective publication of the Scottish-born artist's work offers a lively presentation of a career that spanned the country and greatly influenced twentieth century Canadian art. This sumptuously illustrated publication includes never-before-seen colour reproductions, texts by the curators and scholar Anna Hudson, correspondence with British Surrealists Grace W. Pailthorpe and Reuben Mednikoff, and a complete transcription of the artist's Nootka Diary, kept while living for a year in the trying conditions of Nootka Sound. " -- Publisher's website.

The objectives of the present study were to test the hypothesis that the costal diaphragm contracts during ipsilateral rotation of the trunk and that such trunk rotation increases the motor output of the muscle during inspiration. Monopolar electrodes were inserted in the right costal hemidiaphragm in six subjects, and electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made during isometric rotation efforts of the trunk to the right ("ipsilateral rotation") and to the left ("contralateral rotation"). EMG activity was simultaneously recorded from the parasternal intercostal muscles on the right side. The parasternal intercostals were consistently active during ipsilateral rotation but silent during contralateral rotation. In contrast, the diaphragm was silent in the majority of rotations in either direction, and whenever diaphragm activity was recorded, it involved very few motor units. In addition, whereas parasternal inspiratory activity substantially increased during ipsilateral rotation and decreased during contralateral rotation, inspiratory activity in the diaphragm was essentially unaltered and the discharge frequency of single motor units in the muscle remained at 13-14 Hz in the different postures. It is concluded that 1) the diaphragm makes no significant contribution to trunk rotation and 2) even though the diaphragm and parasternal intercostals contract in a coordinated manner during resting breathing, the inspiratory output of the two muscles is affected differently by voluntary drive during trunk rotation. © 2011 the American Physiological Society., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This thesis addresses the neural control of the human inspiratory muscles. Single motor unit and multiunit electromyographic recordings are made from inspiratory and limb muscles to investigate the organisation of inspiratory motoneurone output and strategies by which motoneurone output is optimised. In the first two chapters, the output of parasternal intercostal motor units in respiratory and non-respiratory ‘tasks’ are described. The results show that across parasternal intercostal spaces, there is a decreasing rostrocaudal gradient of motor unit output in targeted voluntary breaths, such that inspiratory activity is greatest and earliest in cranial interspaces. This topographic recruitment is similar to quiet breaths and the majority of motor units are active in both voluntary and quiet breaths. In a non-respiratory voluntary task, rotation of the trunk (Chapter 3), common motor units are also active, but inspiratory motor unit output on both sides of the chest wall is altered by unilateral rotation. Multiple descending drives to the respiratory muscles may be organised and integrated at the spinal cord such that the same motoneurones are depolarised but their output depends on the task(s) performed. The strategy of motor unit recruitment in two inspiratory muscles is examined in Chapter 4. The profiles of activation of an obligatory inspiratory muscle, scalenes, and an accessory muscle, sternocleidomastoid, are not altered by lung volume or task (isovolumetric ‘static’ versus ‘dynamic’ task). Rather than the activation of these muscles being dependent on afferent signals of lung volume, they are recruited according to their relative mechanical advantage for inspiration. These results suggest that neural drive to these muscles has an element that is ‘preset’. The final study investigates neural and mechanical behaviour in the first dorsal interosseous muscle. The results show that there is coupling between neural drive and

The parasternal intercostal muscles are obligatory inspiratory muscles. To test the hypothesis that they are also involved in trunk rotation and to assess the effect of any postural role on inspiratory drive to the muscles, intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made from the parasternal intercostals on the right side in six healthy subjects during resting breathing in a neutral posture ("neutral breaths"), during an isometric axial rotation effort of the trunk to the right ("ipsilateral rotation") or left ("contralateral rotation"), and during resting breathing with the trunk rotated. The parasternal intercostals were commonly active during ipsilateral rotation but were consistently silent during contralateral rotation. In addition, with ipsilateral rotation, peak parasternal inspiratory activity was 201 ± 19% (mean ± SE) of the peak inspiratory activity in neutral breaths (P < 0.001), and activity commenced earlier relative to the onset of inspiratory flow. These changes resulted from an increase in the discharge frequency of motor units (14.3 ± 0.3 vs. 11.0 ± 0.3 Hz; P < 0.001) and the recruitment of new motor units. The majority of units that discharged during ipsilateral rotation were also active in inspiration. However, with contralateral rotation, parasternal inspiratory activity was delayed relative to the onset of inspiratory flow, and peak activity was reduced to 72 ± 4% of that in neutral breaths (P < 0.001). This decrease resulted from a decrease in the inspiratory discharge frequency of units (10.5 ± 0.2 vs. 12.0 ± 0.2 Hz; P < 0.001) and the derecruitment of units. These observations confirm that in addition to an inspiratory function, the parasternal intercostal muscles have a postural function. Furthermore the postural and inspiratory drives depolarize the same motoneurons, and the postural contraction of the muscles alters their output during inspiration in a direction-dependent manner. Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Socie, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published